WO2011043474A1 - 硬化性樹脂組成物、及びその硬化物 - Google Patents
硬化性樹脂組成物、及びその硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011043474A1 WO2011043474A1 PCT/JP2010/067794 JP2010067794W WO2011043474A1 WO 2011043474 A1 WO2011043474 A1 WO 2011043474A1 JP 2010067794 W JP2010067794 W JP 2010067794W WO 2011043474 A1 WO2011043474 A1 WO 2011043474A1
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- curable resin
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- 0 *C(CCC1C(O2)=O)CC1C2=O Chemical compound *C(CCC1C(O2)=O)CC1C2=O 0.000 description 1
- WXJUFBZCGQQOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1OCC(COC(C2CC3OC3CC2)=O)(COC(C2CC3OC3(C)CCC2)=O)CC1 Chemical compound CC1OCC(COC(C2CC3OC3CC2)=O)(COC(C2CC3OC3(C)CCC2)=O)CC1 WXJUFBZCGQQOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCSXAGOGTPZNNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(C1CC2OC2CC1)OCC1(COC(C2CC3OC3CC2)=O)CC2OC2CC1 Chemical compound O=C(C1CC2OC2CC1)OCC1(COC(C2CC3OC3CC2)=O)CC2OC2CC1 XCSXAGOGTPZNNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAJUKHPFHNJFPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(C1CC=CCC1)OCC1(COC(C2CC=CCC2)=O)CC=CCC1 Chemical compound O=C(C1CC=CCC1)OCC1(COC(C2CC=CCC2)=O)CC=CCC1 PAJUKHPFHNJFPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/28—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection
- H01L23/29—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the material, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/293—Organic, e.g. plastic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/28—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection
- H01L23/29—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the material, e.g. carbon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a curable resin composition suitable for electrical and electronic materials, particularly for optical semiconductors, and a cured product.
- epoxy resin anhydrides are often used in fields requiring optical properties, such as LED products.
- an epoxy resin used as a sealing material for an optical semiconductor element such as an LED product a glycidyl ether type typified by a bisphenol A type epoxy resin excellent in balance of heat resistance, transparency and mechanical properties.
- the epoxy resin composition has been widely used.
- the sealing material is colored on the LED chip under the influence of short wavelength light, and finally as an LED product It has been pointed out that the illuminance will decrease.
- alicyclic epoxy resins represented by 3,4 epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-3 ′, 4 ′ epoxy cyclohexyl carboxylate are superior in transparency compared to glycidyl ether type epoxy resin compositions having aromatic rings. Therefore, it has been actively studied as an LED sealing material (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the alicyclic epoxy resin has a low viscosity and is likely to volatilize when it is thermoset.
- an acid anhydride used as a curing agent
- the volatilization amount becomes violent and often causes the curing furnace to become dirty.
- a curable resin composition is cast in an extremely small amount (for example, about 10 mg).
- volatilization occurs during heat curing. As a result, a recess may occur in the sealing portion of the surface mount LED product, which may cause a problem.
- the wire portion that supplies current to the LED chip may be exposed, and at that time, it can no longer function as a sealing material.
- the subject still remains about the volatilization at the time of heat-hardening.
- a resin having a siloxane skeleton (specifically, a skeleton having a Si—O bond) introduced as a silicone resin or silicone-modified epoxy resin is used as a sealing material. Considerations are being made.
- Patent Document 3 In general, it is known that a resin having a siloxane skeleton introduced therein is more stable to heat and light than an epoxy resin. Therefore, when applied to the sealing material of LED products, it was said that it was superior to epoxy resin in terms of coloring on the LED chip. However, resins incorporating the siloxane skeleton are inferior in gas permeability resistance compared to epoxy resins.
- the color on the LED chip does not matter, but the silver plated on the metal lead frame, which is a component in the LED package.
- the component which is silver-plated to increase the reflectance
- the performance as an LED product is lowered.
- it is an epoxy resin composition having no problem with the gas permeation resistance, and suppresses dents due to volatilization during heating, and has higher durability as an LED product than the conventional alicyclic epoxy resin.
- a curable resin composition comprising an epoxy resin obtained by oxidizing an olefin compound represented by the following formula (1), a curing agent and / or a curing accelerator;
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the epoxy resin is an olefin compound in which all of R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen atoms
- the curing agent is one or more compounds represented by the following formula (2):
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a carboxyl group.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance, dent prevention after heat curing, corrosion gas resistance, and color resistance, it is excellent in adhesion for optical materials, particularly for optical semiconductors (LED products, etc.). It is extremely useful as a material and a sealing material.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention has the following formula (4) obtained by epoxidizing the olefin compound of the formula (1).
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is essential to contain an epoxy resin whose main component is an epoxy compound represented by the formula (hereinafter referred to as the epoxy resin of the present invention).
- the olefin compound of the above formula (1) can be produced by a known method, for example, obtained by reacting cyclohexene dimethanol with cyclohexene carboxylic acid.
- the cyclohexene carboxylic acid derivative the following formula (5)
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- X represents a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- cyclohexene carboxylic acid cyclohexene carboxylate methyl, cyclohexene carboxylate ethyl, cyclohexene carboxylate propyl, cyclohexene carboxylate butyl, cyclohexene carboxylate hexyl, (cyclohexenylmethyl) cyclohexene carboxylate, cyclohexene Octyl carboxylate, cyclohexene carboxylic acid chloride, cyclohexene carboxylic acid bromide, methyl cyclohexene carboxylic acid, methyl methyl cyclohexene carboxylate, ethyl methyl cyclohexene
- Cyclohexene dimethanol can be produced by a cross cannizzaro reaction followed by an aldol reaction of cycloalkenecarbaldehyde and formaldehyde (or a synthetic isotope thereof; paraformaldehyde, etc.).
- a general esterification method can be applied to the reaction of the cyclohexene carboxylic acid derivative and cyclohexene dimethanol.
- general esterification reactions can be applied, such as Fischer esterification using acid catalysts, acid halides under basic conditions, alcohol reactions, condensation reactions using various condensing agents (ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) PartB: Reaction and Synthesis p135, 145-147, 151 etc.).
- Specific examples include esterification reactions between alcohols and carboxylic acids (Tetrahedron vol.36 p.2409 (1980), Tetrahedron Letter p.4475 (1980)), and transesterification reactions of carboxylic acid esters (special It can also be produced by using Kai 2006-052187).
- a compound in which R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a butyl group in the formula (1) is preferable, and in particular, the substituent R 1 When is bonded to a carbon atom constituting an olefin bond, either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is preferable, and a hydrogen atom is particularly preferable in order to improve the reactivity.
- the epoxy resin of the present invention can be obtained by epoxidizing the compound of the formula (1) by oxidation.
- the oxidation method include, but are not limited to, a method of oxidizing with a peracid such as peracetic acid, a method of oxidizing with a hydrogen peroxide solution, and a method of oxidizing with air (oxygen).
- Specific examples of the epoxidation method with peracid include the methods described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-510772 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-52187.
- Various methods can be applied to the epoxidation method using hydrogen peroxide solution. Specifically, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-108793, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- the olefin compound of the formula (1), polyacid or a salt thereof and a quaternary ammonium salt are reacted in an organic solvent and hydrogen peroxide emulsion.
- a buffer solution can also be used for the reaction.
- the polyacid or salt thereof used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having a polyacid structure, but a polyacid containing tungsten or molybdenum is preferred, a polyacid containing tungsten or a salt thereof is more preferred, and tungsten Acid salts are particularly preferred.
- polyacetic acid or a salt thereof is simply referred to as “polyacid”.
- the polyacid examples include tungsten acids such as tungstic acid, 12-tungstophosphoric acid, 12-tungstoboric acid, 18-tungstophosphoric acid, and 12-tungstosilicic acid, and molybdenum-based acids such as molybdic acid and phosphomolybdic acid. And the like.
- tungsten acids such as tungstic acid, 12-tungstophosphoric acid, 12-tungstoboric acid, 18-tungstophosphoric acid, and 12-tungstosilicic acid
- molybdenum-based acids such as molybdic acid and phosphomolybdic acid.
- counter cations of these salts include ammonium ions, alkaline earth metal ions, and alkali metal ions.
- alkaline earth metal ions such as calcium ions and magnesium ions
- alkali metal ions such as sodium ions, potassium ions and cesium ions.
- Particularly preferred counter cations are sodium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion and ammonium ion.
- the polyacid is used in an amount of 0.5 to 20 mmol in terms of metal element (tungsten acid for tungsten atom, molybdic acid for molybdenum atom) per mol of olefin compound of formula (1), preferably 1. It is 0 to 20 mmol, more preferably 2.5 to 15 mmol.
- quaternary ammonium salt having a total carbon number of 10 or more, preferably 25 to 100, more preferably 25 to 55 can be preferably used, and in particular, the alkyl chain is preferably an aliphatic chain. .
- tridecanylmethylammonium salt dilauryldimethylammonium salt, trioctylmethylammonium salt, trialkylmethyl (a mixed type of a compound in which the alkyl group is an octyl group and a compound in which the decanyl group is a compound) ammonium salt
- trihexa examples include decylmethylammonium salt, trimethylstearylammonium salt, tetrapentylammonium salt, cetyltrimethylammonium salt, benzyltributylammonium salt, dicetyldimethylammonium salt, tricetylmethylammonium salt, and di-cured tallow alkyldimethylammonium salt. It is not limited to.
- anionic species of these salts include halide ions, nitrate ions, sulfate ions, hydrogen sulfate ions, acetate ions, carbonate ions, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the number of carbon atoms exceeds 100, the hydrophobicity becomes too strong, and the solubility of the quaternary ammonium salt in the organic layer may deteriorate.
- the number of carbon atoms is less than 10, the hydrophilicity is increased, and the compatibility of the quaternary ammonium salt with the organic layer is similarly deteriorated.
- the amount of the quaternary ammonium salt used is preferably 0.01 to 0.8 times equivalent, or 1.1 to 10 times equivalent to the valence of the polyacid used. More preferably 0.05 to 0.7 times equivalent, or 1.2 to 6.0 times equivalent, still more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 times equivalent, or 1.3 to 4.5 times equivalent. is there.
- tungstic acid is divalent with H 2 WO 4
- the quaternary ammonium carboxylate is 0.02 to 1.6 mol, or 2.2 to 20 mol per mol of tungstic acid. A range is preferred.
- tungstophosphoric acid is trivalent, it is similarly 0.03 to 2.4 mol, or 3.3 to 30 mol, and in the case of silicotungstic acid, it is tetravalent, so 0.04 to 3.2. Mole or 4.4 to 40 mol is preferred.
- the amount of the quaternary ammonium carboxylate is lower than 1.1 times equivalent of the valence of the polyacid, the epoxidation reaction is difficult to proceed (in some cases, the reaction proceeds faster), and a by-product is produced.
- the problem is that things are easy to make.
- the amount is more than 10 times equivalent, not only is the post-treatment difficult, but there is a function of suppressing the reaction, which is not preferable.
- any known buffer solution can be used as the buffer solution, but an aqueous phosphate solution is preferably used in this reaction.
- the pH is preferably adjusted between pH 4 and 10, more preferably pH 5-9. When the pH is less than 4, the hydrolysis reaction and polymerization reaction of the epoxy group easily proceed. Moreover, when pH10 is exceeded, reaction will become extremely slow and the problem that reaction time is too long will arise.
- the pH is preferably adjusted to be between 5 and 9.
- a phosphoric acid-phosphate aqueous solution which is a preferable buffer
- 0.1 to 10 mol% equivalent of phosphoric acid or a phosphate such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate
- a method of adjusting pH with a basic compound for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.
- a basic compound for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.
- the pH is added so that the above-mentioned pH is obtained when hydrogen peroxide is added.
- the preferred phosphate concentration is 0.1 to 60% by weight, preferably 1 to 45% by weight.
- the amount of phosphate used in this case is usually 0.1 to 5 mol% equivalent, preferably 0.2 to 4 mol% equivalent, more preferably 0.3 to 3 mol% equivalent to hydrogen peroxide. is there. In this case, if the amount exceeds 5 mol% equivalent to hydrogen peroxide, pH adjustment is required. If the amount is less than 0.1 mol% equivalent, the resulting hydrolyzate of the epoxy compound tends to proceed or the reaction is slow. The harmful effect of becoming.
- This reaction is epoxidized using hydrogen peroxide.
- hydrogen peroxide used in this reaction, an aqueous solution having a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 10 to 40% by weight is preferable because of easy handling. When the concentration exceeds 40% by weight, handling becomes difficult and the decomposition reaction of the produced epoxy resin also tends to proceed.
- This reaction uses an organic solvent.
- the amount of the organic solvent to be used is 0.3 to 10, preferably 0.3 to 5, more preferably 0.5 to 2.5 by weight with respect to the olefin compound 1 as the reaction substrate. . When the weight ratio exceeds 10, the progress of the reaction is extremely slow, which is not preferable.
- organic solvents that can be used include alkanes such as hexane, cyclohexane, and heptane, aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as toluene and xylene, and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexanol, and cyclohexanol. It is done.
- ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone and anone
- ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane
- ester compounds such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and methyl formate
- nitriles such as acetonitrile Compounds and the like
- Particularly preferred solvents are alkanes such as hexane, cyclohexane and heptane, and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as toluene and xylene.
- reaction operation method for example, when the reaction is performed in a batch-type reaction kettle, an olefin compound, hydrogen peroxide (aqueous solution), polyacid (catalyst), buffer solution, quaternary ammonium salt and an organic solvent are added. Stir in two layers. There is no specific designation for the stirring speed. Since heat is often generated when hydrogen peroxide is added, a method of gradually adding hydrogen peroxide after each component may be added.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 90 ° C, more preferably 0 to 75 ° C, particularly preferably 15 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is too high, the hydrolysis reaction tends to proceed, and when the reaction temperature is low, the reaction rate becomes extremely slow.
- reaction time depends on the reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst, etc., from the viewpoint of industrial production, a long reaction time is not preferable because it consumes a great deal of energy.
- a preferred range is 1 to 48 hours, preferably 3 to 36 hours, and more preferably 4 to 24 hours.
- the quenching treatment is preferably performed using a basic compound. It is also preferable to use a reducing agent and a basic compound in combination.
- a preferred treatment method there is a method of quenching the remaining hydrogen peroxide using a reducing agent after neutralization adjustment to pH 6 to 10 with a basic compound.
- the reducing agent examples include sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, hydrazine, oxalic acid, vitamin C and the like.
- the reducing agent is used usually in an amount of 0.01 to 20 times mol, more preferably 0.05 to 10 times mol, and still more preferably 0.05 to 3 times mol with respect to the number of moles of excess hydrogen peroxide. is there. These are preferably added as an aqueous solution, and the concentration thereof is 0.5 to 30% by weight.
- Basic compounds include metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, phosphorus such as sodium phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Examples thereof include basic solids such as acid salts, ion exchange resins, and alumina.
- the amount used is water or organic solvents (for example, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone, hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, heptane and octane, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.
- the amount used is usually 0.01 to 20 times mol, more preferably 0.05 to 10 times the number of moles of excess hydrogen peroxide. Mole, more preferably 0.05 to 3 times mole. These may be added as water or a solution of the above-mentioned organic solvent, or may be added alone.
- a solid base that does not dissolve in water or an organic solvent it is preferable to use an amount of 1 to 1000 times by weight with respect to the amount of hydrogen peroxide remaining in the system. More preferably, it is 10 to 500 times, and further preferably 10 to 300 times.
- the treatment may be carried out after separation of an aqueous layer and an organic layer described later.
- the organic layer and the aqueous layer do not separate, or if the organic solvent is not used, perform the operation by adding the above-mentioned organic solvent and react from the aqueous layer. Extract the product.
- the organic solvent used at this time is 0.5 to 10 times, preferably 0.5 to 5 times by weight with respect to the raw material olefin compound. This operation is repeated several times as necessary, and the separated organic layer is purified by washing with water as necessary.
- the obtained organic layer may be an ion exchange resin, a metal oxide (especially, silica gel, alumina, etc. are preferred), activated carbon (especially, preferably a chemical activated carbon), a composite metal salt (especially a basic composite metal salt).
- a mineral with a viscosity especially a layered viscosity mineral such as montmorillonite is preferred
- the solvent is distilled off to obtain the desired epoxy compound. In some cases, it may be further purified by column chromatography or distillation.
- the epoxy resin thus obtained is represented by the following formula (4)
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the main component is a molecule represented by formula (a)
- the epoxy resin of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with other epoxy resins.
- the proportion of the epoxy resin in the total epoxy resin is preferably 30% by weight or more, particularly preferably 40% by weight or more.
- the epoxy resin of the present invention is used as a modifier of the curable resin composition, it is added in a proportion of 1 to 30% by weight.
- bisphenol A bisphenol S, thiodiphenol, fluorene bisphenol, terpene diphenol, 4,4′-biphenol, 2,2′-biphenol, 3,3 ′, 5,5′-tetramethyl- [ 1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diol, hydroquinone, resorcin, naphthalenediol, tris- (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, phenol (Phenol, alkyl-substituted phenol, naphthol, alkyl-substituted naphthol, dihydroxybenzene, dihydroxynaphthalene, etc.) and formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, o-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxyacetofu Non, o-hydroxy
- an alicyclic epoxy resin or an epoxy resin of a silsesquioxane structure is preferable.
- an alicyclic epoxy resin a compound having an epoxycyclohexane structure in the skeleton is preferable, and an epoxy resin obtained by an oxidation reaction of a compound having a cyclohexene structure is particularly preferable.
- epoxy resins include esterification reaction of cyclohexene carboxylic acid and alcohols or esterification reaction of cyclohexene methanol and carboxylic acids (Tetrahedron vol.36 p.2409 (1980), Tetrahedron Letter p.4475 (1980), etc.) Described), or Tyschenko reaction of cyclohexene aldehyde (method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-170059, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- the alcohol is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having an alcoholic hydroxyl group, but ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentane.
- Examples of carboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid, and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- the compound having an epoxycyclohexane structure in the skeleton is an acetal compound obtained by an acetal reaction between a cyclohexene aldehyde derivative and an alcohol.
- a reaction method it can be produced by applying a general acetalization reaction.
- a method of carrying out a reaction while azeotropically dehydrating using a solvent such as toluene or xylene as a reaction medium US Pat. No. 2,945,008
- concentrated hydrochloric acid A method in which polyhydric alcohol is dissolved in the mixture and then the reaction is carried out while gradually adding aldehydes (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- epoxy resins include ERL-4221, UVR-6105, ERL-4299 (all trade names, all manufactured by Dow Chemical), Celoxide 2021P, Epolide GT401, EHPE3150, EHPE3150CE (all trade names, all Daicel) (Chemical Industry) and dicyclopentadiene diepoxide, and the like, but are not limited thereto (Reference: Review Epoxy Resin Basic Edition I p76-85). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the proportion of these in the total epoxy resin is preferably 60% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 40% by weight or less. If it exceeds 60% by weight, there is a risk of inconvenience such as volatilization.
- silsesquioxane-based epoxy resins chain, cyclic, ladder, or a mixture of at least two types of siloxane structures having a glycidyl group and / or an epoxycyclohexane structure
- the liquid epoxy resin is preferably used as long as it does not affect the corrosion gas resistance.
- the proportion in the total epoxy resin is preferably 70% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 40% by weight or less.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention contains a curing agent and / or a curing accelerator having reactivity with the epoxy resin.
- the curing agent that can be used in the present invention will be described.
- the curing agent include amine compounds, acid anhydride compounds, amide compounds, phenol compounds, and carboxylic acid compounds.
- the curing agent that can be used include diaminodiphenylmethane, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, diaminodiphenylsulfone, isophoronediamine, dicyandiamide, and nitrogen-containing compounds such as polyamide resins synthesized from ethylenediamine and amine compounds (amines, Amide compound); phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl nadic anhydride, nadic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl hexahydro Phthalic anhydride, butanetetracarboxylic anhydride, bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, methylbicyclo [2,2,1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxy
- polyphenols such as halogenated bisphenols such as tetrabromobisphenol A, condensates of terpenes and phenols; imidazole, trifluoroborane-amine complexes, guanidine derivative compounds, etc. Limited to is not. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a compound having an acid anhydride structure typified by the aforementioned acid anhydride and / or a compound having a carboxylic acid structure typified by the aforementioned carboxylic acid resin as a curing agent.
- Examples of the compound having an acid anhydride structure include methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylnadic anhydride, nadic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, butanetetracarboxylic anhydride, bicyclo [2,2 , 1] Heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, methylbicyclo [2,2,1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, cyclohexane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride A thing etc. are preferable. Above all, the following formula (2)
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a carboxyl group.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a carboxyl group.
- hexahydrophthalic anhydride methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride
- cyclohexane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride represented by the formula:
- the compound having a carboxylic acid structure (hereinafter referred to as polycarboxylic acid) is particularly preferably a bi- to tetra-functional polycarboxylic acid, and more preferably an addition reaction of a bi- to tetra-functional polyhydric alcohol with an acid anhydride.
- the polycarboxylic acid obtained by this is preferable.
- the bi- to tetrafunctional polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having an alcoholic hydroxyl group, but ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol.
- Particularly preferred alcohols include branched chains such as cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,4-diethylpentanediol, 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentylglycol, norbornenediol, and dicyclopentadienedimethanol. And cyclic aliphatic alcohols.
- Examples of acid anhydrides for producing polycarboxylic acids include methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylnadic anhydride, nadic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, butanetetracarboxylic anhydride, bicyclo [ 2,2,1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, methylbicyclo [2,2,1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, cyclohexane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid-1, 2-Anhydrides are preferred.
- reaction condition is that the acid anhydride and polyhydric alcohol are reacted at 40 to 150 ° C. under non-catalytic and solvent-free conditions and heated. After completion, take it out as it is. It is a technique. However, it is not limited to this reaction condition.
- the polycarboxylic acid thus obtained is particularly represented by the following formula (3)
- R 3 s independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a carboxyl group.
- P represents a chain or cyclic aliphatic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms derived from a polyhydric alcohol.
- the compound represented by these is preferable.
- the range of W2 / (W2 + W3) is more preferably 0.40 to 0.95, still more preferably 0.45 to 0.90, and particularly preferably 0.6 to 0.85. If it exceeds 0.95, the tendency to increase the volatile component is strong, and if it is less than 0.30, the viscosity becomes high and handling becomes difficult.
- the amount of the curing agent used is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 equivalents relative to 1 equivalent of the epoxy group of the epoxy resin. Preferably, it is 0.7 to 1.2 equivalents, particularly preferably 0.8 to 1.1 equivalents. When less than 0.5 equivalent or more than 1.5 equivalent with respect to 1 equivalent of epoxy group, curing may be incomplete and good cured properties may not be obtained.
- a curing accelerator (curing catalyst) can be used in combination with a curing agent, or a curing accelerator can be used alone without using a curing agent.
- Specific examples of the curing accelerator that can be used include 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-undecylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, and 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole.
- Diaza compounds such as undecene-7 and their Salts such as traphenylborate and phenol novolak, salts with the above polyvalent carboxylic acids or phosphinic acids, tetrabutylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, trioctylmethylammonium bromide, ammonium salts such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, Phosphines such as triphenylphosphine, tri (toluyl) phosphine, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, phosphonium compounds, phenols such as 2,4,6-trisaminomethylphenol, amine adducts, tin octylate And the like, and a microcapsule type curing accelerator obtained by making these curing accelerators into microcapsules.
- a microcapsule type curing accelerator
- the zinc salt and / or zinc complex contributes as a curing accelerator between the epoxy resin and the curing agent in the present invention.
- the zinc salt and / or zinc complex is a salt and / or complex having a zinc ion as a central element, preferably a carboxylic acid having an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms as a counter ion and / or a ligand, It has at least 1 sort (s) chosen from phosphoric acid ester and phosphoric acid.
- a zinc carboxylate and a zinc phosphate ester are particularly preferable.
- the alkyl group include methyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, octyl, isodecyl, isostearyl, decanyl, and cetyl groups.
- a particularly preferred carboxylic acid form is preferably an alkyl substituent having a chain-branched structure or an alkyl group having a functional group such as an olefin, and further preferably having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a carbon number of 5 to 20 is particularly preferable.
- These are preferable in terms of compatibility, and when the number of carbon atoms is too large (30 or more carbon atoms), or when there is no structure such as a branched structure or a functional group, the compatibility with the resin is poor, which is not preferable.
- Specific examples include zinc 2-ethylhexylate, zinc isostearate and zinc undecylenate.
- Preferred phosphoric acid esters obtained in the present invention are preferably zinc salts and / or zinc complexes of phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid esters (monoalkyl ester compounds, dialkyl ester compounds, trialkyl ester compounds, or mixtures thereof).
- the molar ratio of monoalkyl ester, dialkyl ester, and trialkyl ester in the phosphoric acid ester contained (substitute with the purity of gas chromatography.
- the amount of the monoalkyl ester compound is 50 area% or more at the stage of the trimethylsilylation treatment.
- Such a zinc salt and / or zinc complex of zinc phosphate ester can be obtained, for example, by reacting a phosphate ester with, for example, zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxide, etc., to obtain the zinc salt and / or zinc complex used in the present invention.
- Patent Document EP 699708 Patent Document EP 699708
- the ratio of phosphorus atom to zinc atom is preferably 1.2 to 2.3, more preferably 1.3 to 2.0. . Particularly preferred is 1.4 to 1.9. That is, in a particularly preferred form, the amount of phosphate ester (or phosphate derived from phosphate ester) is 2.0 mol or less per mol of zinc ion, and not a simple ionic structure, some molecules are ion-bonded (or arranged). Those having a structure related by coordinate bond) are preferred.
- Such zinc salts and / or zinc complexes can also be obtained, for example, by the technique described in JP-T-2003-51495.
- Examples of the phosphate ester and / or zinc phosphate include LBT-2000B (manufactured by SC Organic Chemical) and XC-9206 (manufactured by King Industry).
- the curing accelerator is usually used in an amount of 0.001 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin.
- a catalyst is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing coloring during curing.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may contain a phosphorus-containing compound as a flame retardant component.
- the phosphorus-containing compound may be a reactive type or an additive type.
- Specific examples of phosphorus-containing compounds include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylylenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, cresyl-2,6-dixylylenyl phosphate, 1,3-phenylenebis ( Phosphoric esters such as dixylylenyl phosphate), 1,4-phenylenebis (dixylylenyl phosphate), 4,4′-biphenyl (dixylylenyl phosphate); 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa Phosphanes such as -10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, 10 (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) -10H-9-oxa-10-pho
- Phosphate esters, phosphanes or phosphorus-containing epoxy compounds are preferable, and 1,3-phenylenebis (dixylylenyl phosphate), 1,4-phenylenebis (dixylylene). Nyl phosphate), 4,4′-biphenyl (dixylylenyl phosphate) or phosphorus-containing epoxy compounds are particularly preferred.
- a binder resin can be blended with the curable resin composition of the present invention as required.
- the binder resin include butyral resins, acetal resins, acrylic resins, epoxy-nylon resins, NBR-phenol resins, epoxy-NBR resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, and silicone resins.
- the blending amount of the binder resin is preferably within a range that does not impair the flame retardancy and heat resistance of the cured product, and is usually 0.05 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 20 parts per 100 parts by weight of the resin component. Part by weight is used as needed.
- An inorganic filler can be added to the curable resin composition of the present invention as necessary.
- inorganic fillers include crystalline silica, fused silica, alumina, zircon, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, zirconia, fosterite, steatite, spinel, titania, talc, and the like.
- the present invention is not limited to these.
- These fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of these inorganic fillers is used in an amount of 0 to 95% by weight in the curable resin composition of the present invention.
- a silane coupling agent a release agent such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, zinc stearate, and calcium stearate, various compounding agents such as pigments, and various thermosetting resins are added to the curable resin composition of the present invention. can do.
- the particle size of the inorganic filler used is transparent by using a nano-order level filler. It is possible to supplement the mechanical strength and the like without hindering.
- a fluorescent substance can be added as needed.
- the phosphor has a function of forming white light by absorbing part of blue light emitted from a blue LED element and emitting wavelength-converted yellow light. After the phosphor is dispersed in advance in the curable resin composition, the optical semiconductor is sealed.
- fluorescent substance A conventionally well-known fluorescent substance can be used, For example, rare earth element aluminate, thio gallate, orthosilicate, etc. are illustrated.
- phosphors such as a YAG phosphor, a TAG phosphor, an orthosilicate phosphor, a thiogallate phosphor, and a sulfide phosphor can be mentioned, and YAlO 3 : Ce, Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce, Y 4 Al 2 O 9 : Ce, Y 2 O 2 S: Eu, Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl: Eu, (SrEu) O.Al 2 O 3 and the like are exemplified.
- the particle size of the phosphor those having a particle size known in this field are used, and the average particle size is preferably 1 to 250 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 2 to 50 ⁇ m. When these phosphors are used, the addition amount thereof is 1 to 80 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
- silica fine powder also called Aerosil or Aerosol
- a thixotropic agent can be added.
- silica fine powders examples include Aerosil® 50, Aerosil® 90, Aerosil® 130, Aerosil® 200, Aerosil® 300, Aerosil® 380, Aerosil® OX50, Aerosil® TT600, Aerosil® R972, Aerosil® R202, Aerosil® R202, Aerosil® R202, Aerosil® R202, Aerosil® R202, Aerosil® R805, RY200, RX200 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is an optical material, particularly an optical semiconductor encapsulant, containing an amine compound as a light stabilizer or a phosphorus compound and a phenol compound as an antioxidant for the purpose of preventing coloring. be able to.
- the following commercially available products can be used as the amine compound that is the light stabilizer.
- the commercially available amine compound is not particularly limited.
- the phosphorus compound is not particularly limited, and for example, 1,1,3-tris (2-methyl-4-ditridecyl phosphite-5-tert-butylphenyl) butane, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, phenylbisphenol A pentaerythritol diphosphite, Dicyclohexylpentaerythritol diphosphite, tris (diethylphenyl) phosphite, tris (di-isopropylphenyl) phosphite, tris (di-n-butylphenyl) phosphite, tris (2,4-
- the commercially available phosphorus compounds are not particularly limited. For example, as Adeka, ADK STAB PEP-4C, ADK STAB PEP-8, ADK STAB PEP-24G, ADK STAB PEP-36, ADK STAB HP-10, ADK STAB 2112, ADK STAB 260 Adeka tab 522A, Adekas tab 1178, Adekas tab 1500, Adekas tab C, Adekas tab 135A, Adekas tab 3010, and Adekas tab TPP.
- the phenol compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and n-octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
- phenolic compound Commercially available products can also be used as the phenolic compound.
- the commercially available phenolic compounds are not particularly limited. AO-30, ADK STAB AO-40, ADK STAB AO-50, ADK STAB AO-60, ADK STAB AO-70, ADK STAB AO-80, ADK STAB AO-90, ADK STAB AO-330, SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO., LTD. MDP-S, Sumili zer BBM-S, Sumilizer GM, Sumilizer GS (F), Sumilizer GP, and the like.
- TINUVIN 328, TINUVIN 234, TINUVIN 326, TINUVIN 120, TINUVIN 477, TINUVIN 479, CHIMASSORB 2020FDL, CHIMASSORB 119FL, and the like are manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals.
- the amount of the compound is not particularly limited, but is 0.005 to 5 with respect to the curable resin composition.
- the range is 0.0% by weight.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can be obtained by uniformly mixing each component.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can be easily made into a cured product by a method similar to a conventionally known method.
- an epoxy resin, at least one selected from a curing agent and a curing accelerator, a phosphorus-containing compound, a binder resin, an inorganic filler, and a compounding agent are used as necessary using an extruder, kneader, roll, planetary mixer, etc. Mix well until uniform to obtain a curable resin composition.
- the curable resin composition is in liquid form, potting, casting, impregnation into the substrate, pouring the curable resin composition into the mold
- it may be molded by heating and cured by heating, or in the case of a solid, it may be cast after melting or molded using a transfer molding machine, and further cured by heating.
- the curing temperature and time are 80 to 200 ° C. and 2 to 10 hours.
- a curing method it can be hardened at a high temperature at a stretch, but it is preferable to raise the temperature stepwise to advance the curing reaction. Specifically, initial curing is performed at 80 to 150 ° C., and post-curing is performed at 100 to 200 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably increased in 2 to 8 stages, more preferably 2 to 4 stages.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is dissolved in a solvent such as toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc. to obtain a curable resin composition varnish, glass fiber,
- a prepreg obtained by impregnating a base material such as carbon fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, alumina fiber, paper, etc. and heat-dried is subjected to hot press molding to obtain a cured product of the curable resin composition of the present invention. can do.
- the solvent is used in an amount usually accounting for 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 15 to 70% by weight in the mixture of the curable resin composition of the present invention and the solvent.
- cured material containing a carbon fiber can also be obtained with a RTM (Resin * Transfer * Molding) system with a liquid composition.
- the curable resin composition of this invention can also be used as a film type sealing composition.
- a film-type resin composition first, the curable resin composition of the present invention is used as the curable resin composition varnish as described above, and this is applied onto a release film, and the solvent is removed under heating. After that, a method of performing B-stage is mentioned, and thereby a film-type sealing composition is obtained as a sheet-like adhesive.
- This sheet-like adhesive can be used as an interlayer insulating layer in a multilayer substrate or the like, and a batch film sealing of an optical semiconductor.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is used as an optical semiconductor sealing material or die bond material will be described in detail.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention When used as a sealing material for an optical semiconductor such as a high-intensity white LED or a die bond material, it contains a curing agent (for example, a polyvalent carboxylic acid) in addition to the epoxy resin of the present invention.
- a curable resin composition is prepared by sufficiently mixing additives such as a curing agent composition containing a curing agent), a curing accelerator, a coupling material, an antioxidant, and a light stabilizer.
- a mixing method a kneader, a three-roll, a universal mixer, a planetary mixer, a homomixer, a homodisper, a bead mill, or the like may be used at room temperature or with heating.
- the obtained curable resin composition can be used for a sealing material, or both a die-bonding material and a sealing material.
- Optical semiconductor elements such as high-intensity white LEDs are generally GaAs, GaP, GaAlAs, GaAsP, AlGa, InP, GaN, InN, AlN, InGaN laminated on a substrate of sapphire, spinel, SiC, Si, ZnO or the like.
- Such a semiconductor chip is bonded to a lead frame, a heat sink, or a package using an adhesive (die bond material).
- a wire such as a gold wire is connected to pass an electric current.
- the periphery of such a semiconductor chip is sealed with a sealing material such as an epoxy resin.
- the sealing material is used to protect the semiconductor chip from heat and moisture and to play a role of a lens function.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can be used as this sealing material or die bond material. From the viewpoint of the process, it is advantageous to use the curable resin composition of the present invention for both the die bond material and the sealing material.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is applied on a substrate by dispenser, potting or screen printing, and then the curable resin composition is used.
- methods such as hot air circulation, infrared rays and high frequency can be used.
- the heating condition is preferably 80 to 230 ° C. for about 1 minute to 24 hours.
- post-curing is performed at 120 to 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to 10 hours. it can.
- an injection method in which the sealing material is injected into the mold frame in which the substrate on which the semiconductor chip is fixed is inserted and then heat-cured and then molded, and the sealing material on the mold A compression molding method is used in which a semiconductor chip fixed on a substrate is immersed therein and heat-cured and then released from the mold.
- the injection method include dispenser, transfer molding, injection molding and the like.
- methods such as hot air circulation, infrared rays and high frequency can be used.
- the heating conditions are preferably 80 to 230 ° C. for about 1 minute to 24 hours.
- post-curing is performed at 120 to 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to 10 hours. it can.
- the application of the curable resin composition of the present invention is not limited to the above, and can be applied to general applications in which a curable resin such as an epoxy resin is used.
- a curable resin such as an epoxy resin
- cyanate resin composition for a substrate and additives for other resins such as an acrylic ester resin as a resist curing agent.
- adhesives examples include civil engineering, architectural, automotive, general office, and medical adhesives, as well as electronic material adhesives.
- adhesives for electronic materials include interlayer adhesives for multilayer substrates such as build-up substrates, die bonding agents, semiconductor adhesives such as underfills, BGA reinforcing underfills, anisotropic conductive films ( ACF) and an adhesive for mounting such as anisotropic conductive paste (ACP).
- sealing agents As sealing agents, potting, dipping and transfer mold sealing used for capacitors, transistors, diodes, light emitting diodes, ICs, LSIs, potting sealings used for COB, COF, TAB, etc. of ICs and LSIs, flip Examples include underfill used for chips and the like, and sealing (including reinforcing underfill) when mounting IC packages such as QFP, BGA, and CSP.
- the cured product obtained in the present invention can be used for various applications including optical component materials.
- the optical material refers to general materials used for applications that allow light such as visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and lasers to pass through the material. More specifically, in addition to LED sealing materials such as lamp type and SMD type, the following may be mentioned. It is a peripheral material for liquid crystal display devices such as a substrate material, a light guide plate, a prism sheet, a deflection plate, a retardation plate, a viewing angle correction film, an adhesive, and a film for a liquid crystal such as a polarizer protective film in the liquid crystal display field.
- color PDP plasma display
- antireflection films antireflection films
- optical correction films housing materials
- front glass protective films front glass replacement materials
- adhesives and LED displays that are expected as next-generation flat panel displays
- LED molding materials LED sealing materials, front glass protective films, front glass substitute materials, adhesives, and substrate materials for plasma addressed liquid crystal (PALC) displays, light guide plates, prism sheets, deflection plates , Phase difference plate, viewing angle correction film, adhesive, polarizer protective film, front glass protective film in organic EL (electroluminescence) display, front glass substitute material, adhesive, and various in field emission display (FED) Film substrate
- PLC plasma addressed liquid crystal
- VD video disc
- CD / CD-ROM CD-R / RW
- DVD-R / DVD-RAM MO / MD
- PD phase change disc
- disc substrate materials for optical cards Pickup lenses, protective films, sealing materials, adhesives and the like.
- optical equipment field they are still camera lens materials, finder prisms, target prisms, finder covers, and light receiving sensor parts. It is also a photographic lens and viewfinder for video cameras.
- optical components they are fiber materials, lenses, waveguides, element sealing materials, adhesives and the like around optical switches in optical communication systems.
- optical passive components and optical circuit components there are lenses, waveguides, LED sealing materials, CCD sealing materials, adhesives, and the like.
- OEIC optoelectronic integrated circuit
- automotive lamp reflectors In the field of automobiles and transport equipment, automotive lamp reflectors, bearing retainers, gear parts, anti-corrosion coatings, switch parts, headlamps, engine internal parts, electrical parts, various interior and exterior parts, drive engines, brake oil tanks, and automotive defenses Rusted steel plate, interior panel, interior material, wire harness for protection / bundling, fuel hose, automobile lamp, glass substitute.
- it is a multilayer glass for railway vehicles.
- they are toughness imparting agents for aircraft structural materials, engine peripheral members, protective / bundling wire harnesses, and corrosion-resistant coatings.
- it In the construction field, it is interior / processing materials, electrical covers, sheets, glass interlayers, glass substitutes, and solar cell peripheral materials. For agriculture, it is a house covering film.
- optical / electronic functional organic materials include organic EL element peripheral materials, organic photorefractive elements, optical amplification elements that are light-to-light conversion devices, optical arithmetic elements, substrate materials around organic solar cells, fiber materials, elements Sealing material, adhesive and the like.
- the epoxy equivalent was measured using an E-type viscometer at JIS K-7236 and the viscosity at 25 ° C.
- the analytical conditions for gas chromatography (hereinafter referred to as GC) were HP5-MS (0.25 mm IDx 15 m, film thickness 0.25 ⁇ m) for the separation column, and the column oven temperature was set to an initial temperature of 100 ° C. The temperature was raised at a rate of 15 ° C. per minute and held at 300 ° C. for 25 minutes. Helium was used as a carrier gas.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Synthesis example 1 Synthesis of Cyclohexenediol Synthesis Example 1 (Reference Patent Document EP 0 487 035 B1)
- a flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a stirrer was charged with 112 parts of cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde, 600 parts of ethanol, 300 parts of 35% formalin, and 284 parts of a 30% by weight aqueous potassium carbonate solution while stirring with nitrogen. Then, the temperature was raised to the reflux temperature, and the reaction was carried out for 9 hours. After completion of the reaction, a Dean-Stark cooling kettle was attached, and ethanol was distilled off for 4 hours with the bath temperature set at 100 ° C.
- Synthesis example 2 In a flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, stirrer, and Dean-Stark tube, while purging with nitrogen, 150 parts of toluene, 70 parts of the compound of formula (6), 126 parts of 3-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid Two parts were added, and the reaction was carried out while removing water for 10 hours under reflux with heating. After completion of the reaction, the olefinic compound of the present invention is washed twice with 50 parts of a 10% by weight aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and the organic layer obtained is washed twice with 50 parts of water and then concentrated with a rotary evaporator.
- Synthesis example 3 Synthesis of epoxy resin A flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a stirrer was subjected to nitrogen purging with 15 parts of water, 1.9 parts of 12-tungstophosphoric acid, 1.6 sodium disodium hydrogen phosphate, di-tallow alkyldimethyl After adding 5.4 parts of ammonium acetate (50% by weight hexane solution manufactured by Lion Akzo, Acquard 2HT acetate) to produce a tungstic acid catalyst, 120 parts of toluene and 119 parts of the olefin compound obtained above were further added. By stirring again, a liquid in an emulsion state was obtained.
- the solution was heated to 50 ° C., 118 parts of 35 wt% aqueous hydrogen peroxide was added over 1 hour while stirring vigorously, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 13 hours. When the progress of the reaction was confirmed by GC, the raw material peak disappeared. Next, after neutralizing with a 1% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, 25 parts of a 20% by weight aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution was added, stirred for 30 minutes, and allowed to stand.
- the organic layer separated into two layers was taken out, 10 parts of silica gel (Wakogel C-300), 20 parts of activated carbon (CAP SUPER made by NORIT) and 20 parts of bentonite (Bengel SH made by Hojun) were added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. And filtered. The obtained filtrate was washed three times with 100 parts of water, and toluene was distilled off from the obtained organic layer, whereby 118 parts of epoxy resin (EP-1) of the following formula (8) that was liquid at room temperature was obtained. Obtained. The epoxy equivalent of the obtained epoxy resin was 148 g / eq. Met.
- Synthesis example 5 It is esterified using cyclohexene methanol and tetrahydrophthalic acid in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 2 to produce an olefin compound and then epoxidized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 3 to obtain the following formula (9)
- the epoxy resin which has as a main component the structure represented by was obtained.
- the obtained epoxy resin was further purified in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 4 to obtain an epoxy resin (EP-3).
- the purity of the obtained epoxy resin was confirmed by GPC measurement results to contain 98% by area or more of the skeleton compound of the formula (9). Furthermore, in the GC measurement, the purity was about 98 area%.
- the epoxy equivalent was 137 g / eq. Met.
- the obtained colorless liquid resin had a GPC purity of 22 area% for the structure of polycarboxylic acid and 78 area% for methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride.
- Synthesis example 7 A silicone-modified epoxy resin was obtained according to the method described in Patent Document 3. That is, 26.6 parts of 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane (alkoxy group equivalent 82.1), 73.4 parts of dimethyldimethoxysilane (alkoxy equivalent 60.1), 10.0 parts of triethylamine, methyl 500 parts of isobutyl ketone was charged into a reaction vessel, 100 parts of distilled water was added dropwise over 30 minutes with stirring at room temperature, and the mixture was reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours.
- Example 1 As an example, for the epoxy resin (EP-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, as a curing agent, a mixture of methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride and hexahydrophthalic anhydride (manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd., Spaincid) MH700, hereinafter referred to as H1), hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (25% by weight methanol solution, referred to as C1 manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as a curing accelerator, and the mixing ratios shown in Table 1 below ( The curable resin composition of the present invention was obtained by defoaming for 20 minutes. In addition, the usage-amount of the hardening
- Comparative Example 1 For (EP-3) synthesized in Synthesis Example 4 as a comparative example, H1 was used as the curing agent, C1 was used as the curing accelerator, and the blending ratio (parts by weight) shown in Table 1 below was used.
- the comparative curable resin composition of the present invention was obtained.
- curing agent was calculated by 1 equivalent with respect to 1 equivalent of epoxy groups of an epoxy resin. The evaluation was performed by the following method.
- the curable resin compositions obtained in the examples and comparative examples were vacuum degassed for 20 minutes, and then gently poured into a test piece mold having a width of 7 mm, a length of 5 cm, and a thickness of about 800 ⁇ m, and then a polyimide film from above. Covered with.
- the casting was precured at 120 ° C. for 1 hour and then cured at 150 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a dynamic viscoelastic test piece. Using these test pieces, a dynamic viscoelasticity test was performed under the conditions shown below.
- Dynamic viscoelasticity measuring instrument TA-2 instruments, DMA-2980 Measurement temperature range: -30 ° C to 280 ° C Temperature rate: 2 ° C./min Test piece size: A material cut into 5 mm ⁇ 50 mm was used (thickness was about 800 ⁇ m). Analysis conditions Tg: The peak point of Tan- ⁇ in DMA measurement was defined as Tg.
- the obtained curable resin composition was vacuum-defoamed for 20 minutes, and then gently cast on a glass substrate on which a dam was created with a heat-resistant tape so as to be 30 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ height 1 mm.
- the casting was cured at 120 ° C. for 1 hour and then cured at 150 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a transmittance test piece having a thickness of 1 mm, measured with a spectrophotometer, and the transmittance was measured. .
- the epoxy resin composition of the present invention is a cured product having excellent transparency and heat resistance.
- Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Example 2 An epoxy resin (EP-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was used as an epoxy resin, and a general 3,4 epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ′, 4 ′ epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate (EP-5) was used as a comparative example.
- curing agent was calculated by 1 equivalent with respect to 1 equivalent of epoxy groups of an epoxy resin.
- Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 The curable resin composition obtained in Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 was filled into a syringe, and using a precision discharge device, an outer diameter 5 mm square surface-mount LED package (inner diameter 4) on which a chip having a central emission wave of 465 nm was mounted. 4 mm, outer wall height 1.25 mm).
- the cast product was put into a heating furnace and cured at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, further at 150 ° C. for 3 hours, and an LED package was prepared. The LED package was left in a corrosive gas under the following conditions, and the color change of the silver-plated lead frame part inside the seal was observed.
- Table 3 The results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 are shown in Table 3.
- Corrosion gas 20% aqueous solution of ammonium sulfide (discolors black when sulfur component reacts with silver)
- Contact method A container of an ammonium sulfide aqueous solution and the LED package were mixed in a wide-mouth glass bottle, and the wide-mouth glass bottle was covered to bring the volatilized ammonium sulfide gas into contact with the LED package in a sealed state.
- Judgment of corrosion The time when the lead frame inside the LED package was discolored black (referred to as blackening) was observed, and it was determined that the longer the discoloration time, the better the corrosion gas resistance.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention does not discolor the silver plating of the lead frame compared to the curable resin composition using the silicone-modified epoxy resin of Comparative Example 3 (discolored in 1 hour). It became clear that it was excellent in corrosion-resistant gas resistance.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is superior in corrosion gas resistance compared to silicone resin, and is a conventional alicyclic typified by 3,4 epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ′, 4′epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate. It was found that the LED encapsulant is more durable than the epoxy resin.
- Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 An epoxy resin (EP-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was used as an epoxy resin, and a general 3,4 epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ′, 4 ′ epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate (EP-5) was used as a comparative example.
- a curing agent H1,1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride (H-TMA manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., hereinafter referred to as H2) is shown in Table 4 below (in parts by weight).
- H2 H1,1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride
- Table 4 below (in parts by weight).
- curing agent was calculated by 1 equivalent with respect to 1 equivalent of epoxy groups of an epoxy resin.
- Example 4 (Transmissivity test) The curable resin compositions obtained in Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 were vacuum degassed for 20 minutes, and then gently poured onto a glass substrate on which a dam was created with heat-resistant tape so as to be 30 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ height 1 mm. Typed. The casting was cured at 120 ° C. for 3 hours after pre-curing at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a test piece for transmittance having a thickness of 1 mm. Using these test pieces, the transmittance (measurement wavelength: 400 nm) before and after being left for 96 hours in a 150 ° C. oven was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the transmittance retention was calculated.
- the transmittance (measurement wavelength: 400 nm) before and after being left for 96 hours in a 150 ° C. oven was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the transmittance retention was calculated.
- Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 The curable resin composition obtained in Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 was filled in a syringe, and using a precision discharge device, an outer diameter 5 mm square surface mount LED package (inner diameter 4) on which a chip having a central emission wave of 465 nm was mounted. 4 mm, outer wall height 1.25 mm).
- the cast product was put into a heating furnace and cured at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, further at 150 ° C. for 3 hours, and an LED package was prepared. The illuminance was measured by turning on the LED under the following conditions.
- the results of Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 are shown in Table 4.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention was excellent in heat-resistant transmittance and illuminance during lighting.
- Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Example 5 An epoxy resin (EP-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was used as an epoxy resin, and a general 3,4 epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ′, 4 ′ epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate (EP-5) was used as a comparative example.
- the curing agent composition (B1) which is a mixture of the acid anhydride and the polycarboxylic acid obtained in Synthesis Example 6, was used as a curing agent, and an organic phosphonium salt (manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- PX-4MP hereinafter referred to as C2
- C2 PX-4MP, hereinafter referred to as C2
- C2 PX-4MP, hereinafter referred to as C2
- curing agent was calculated by 1 equivalent with respect to 1 equivalent of epoxy groups of an epoxy resin.
- an LED test was conducted in the manner described below.
- the curing condition is 140 ° C. ⁇ 2 hours after pre-curing at 120 ° C. ⁇ 2 hours.
- LED reflow test After carrying out the vacuum defoaming for 20 minutes with the curable resin compositions obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, the syringe was filled into a syringe, and a precision discharge device was used to mount a light-emitting element having an emission wavelength of 465 nm on a surface-mounted LED. Cast. Thereafter, a test LED was obtained by curing under predetermined curing conditions. After the obtained test LED absorbs moisture at 30 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
従来からこのようなLED製品などの光半導体素子の封止材料に使用されるエポキシ樹脂としては、耐熱性、透明性、機械特性のバランスに優れたビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂に代表されるグリシジルエーテルタイプのエポキシ樹脂組成物が広く使用されてきた。
ところが、LED製品の発光波長の短波長化(主に480nm以下の青色発光)が進んだ結果、短波長の光の影響で前記封止材料がLEDチップ上で着色し最終的にはLED製品として、照度が低下してしまうという指摘がされている。
そこで、3,4エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル-3’,4’エポキシシクロヘキシルカルボキシレートに代表される脂環式エポキシ樹脂は、芳香環を有するグリシジルエーテルタイプのエポキシ樹脂組成物と比較し透明性の点で優れていることから、LED封止材として積極的に検討がなされてきた(特許文献1、2)。
そのような硬化性樹脂組成物を例えば、LED製品の中でも表面実装式のパッケージの場合には、注型する樹脂量が極少量(例えば10mg程度)なため、該脂環式エポキシ樹脂や酸無水物を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物を使用すると、加熱硬化時に揮発が起こる。その結果、表面実装式LED製品の封止部に凹みが生じ、不具合が起きる場合がある。さらにその凹みの程度によっては、LEDチップに電流を供給しているワイヤー部が露出する場合があり、その際にはもはや封止材としての機能を果たすことができなくなる。このように該脂環式エポキシ樹脂においては、加熱硬化時の揮発についてまだ課題を残している。
一般に該シロキサン骨格を導入した樹脂はエポキシ樹脂よりも熱と光に対して安定であることが知られている。そのため、LED製品の封止材に適用した場合、LEDチップ上の着色という観点では、エポキシ樹脂よりも耐久性に優れると言われていた。しかし、該シロキサン骨格を導入した樹脂類はエポキシ樹脂に比べ、耐ガス透過性に劣る。そのため、LED封止材としてシリコーン樹脂やシリコーン変性エポキシ樹脂を使用した場合には、LEDチップ上での着色は問題にならないものの、LEDパッケージ内の構成部材である金属リードフレーム上にメッキされた銀成分(反射率を高めるために銀メッキが施されている)を変色または黒化させてしまい、最終的にLED製品としての性能を低下させるという課題を抱えている。
市場では、前記耐ガス透過性で問題のないエポキシ樹脂組成物であって、且つ、該従来脂環式エポキシ樹脂よりも、加熱時の揮発による凹みを抑制し、さらにLED製品として耐久性の高い封止材が求められている。
すなわち本発明は、
(1)
下記式(1)で表されるオレフィン化合物を酸化して得られるエポキシ樹脂、硬化剤および/又は硬化促進剤を含有することを特徴とする硬化性樹脂組成物、
(2)
エポキシ樹脂が、全てのR1、R2が水素原子であるオレフィン化合物が原料である前項(1)に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物、
(3)
硬化剤が、下記式(2)で表される1種以上の化合物である前項(1)又は(2)に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物、
(4)
硬化剤が、下記式(3)で表される1種以上の化合物である前項(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物、
(5)
式(3)中のPが分岐鎖状又は環状構造である前項(4)に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物、
(6)
硬化剤が下記式(2)で表される1種以上の化合物
及び下記式(3)で表される1種以上の化合物
の両者を含み、その使用比率が下記範囲である前項(1)に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物、
W2/(W2+W3)=0.30~0.95
(ただし、W2は式(2)の化合物の配合重量部、W3は式(3)の化合物の配合重量部を示す。)
(7)
前項(1)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化して得られる硬化物、
(8)
前項(1)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物により封止して得られる光半導体装置、
に関する。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、前記式(1)のオレフィン化合物をエポキシ化することにより得られる下記式(4)
で表されるエポキシ化合物を主成分とするエポキシ樹脂(以下、本発明のエポキシ樹脂と称す。)を含有することを必須とする。
シクロヘキセンカルボン酸誘導体としては、下記式(5)
で表される化合物で、具体的にはシクロヘキセンカルボン酸、シクロヘキセンカルボン酸メチル、シクロヘキセンカルボン酸エチル、シクロヘキセンカルボン酸プロピル、シクロヘキセンカルボン酸ブチル、シクロヘキセンカルボン酸ヘキシル、(シクロヘキセニルメチル)シクロヘキセンカルボキシレート、シクロヘキセンカルボン酸オクチル、シクロヘキセンカルボン酸クロライド、シクロヘキセンカルボン酸ブロマイド、メチルシクロヘキセンカルボン酸、メチルシクロヘキセンカルボン酸メチル、メチルシクロヘキセンカルボン酸エチル、メチルシクロヘキセンカルボン酸プロピル、(メチルシクロヘキセニルメチル)メチルシクロヘキセンカルボキシレート、メチルシクロヘキセンカルボン酸クロライド、などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上併用してもよい。
またシクロへキセンジメタノールはシクロアルケンカルボアルデヒドとホルムアルデヒド(もしくはその合成同位体;パラホルムアルデヒド等)をアルドール反応につづく交差カニッツァロ反応により生成させることができる。
過酸によるエポキシ化の手法としては具体的には日本国特表2007-510772号公報、日本国特開2006-52187号公報に記載の手法などが挙げられる。
過酸化水素水によるエポキシ化の手法においては種々の手法が適応できるが、具体的には、日本国特開昭59-108793号公報、日本国特開昭62-234550号公報、日本国特開平5-213919号公報、日本国特開平11-349579号公報、日本国特公平1―33471号公報、日本国特開2001-17864号公報、日本国特公平3-57102号公報等に挙げられるような手法が適応できる。
本発明においてはその生成物の低粘度性から過酸化水素の使用がより好ましい。
以下に過酸化水素を用いるエポキシ化の手法の一例を記載するが、本発明において使用する式(1)に示されるエポキシ樹脂はいかなる手法を用いて製造しても構わず、以下の手法に限定されるものではない。
本発明で使用するポリ酸またはその塩は、ポリ酸構造を有する化合物であれば特に制限はないが、タングステンまたはモリブデンを含むポリ酸が好ましく、タングステンを含むポリ酸またはその塩が更に好ましく、タングステン酸塩が特に好ましい。
以下、特に断らない限り、ポリ酢酸またはその塩を簡便に「ポリ酸」という。
これらの塩のカウンターカチオンとしてはアンモニウムイオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、アルカリ金属イオンなどが挙げられる。
具体的にはトリデカニルメチルアンモニウム塩、ジラウリルジメチルアンモニウム塩、トリオクチルメチルアンモニウム塩、トリアルキルメチル(アルキル基がオクチル基である化合物とデカニル基である化合物の混合タイプ)アンモニウム塩、トリヘキサデシルメチルアンモニウム塩、トリメチルステアリルアンモニウム塩、テトラペンチルアンモニウム塩、セチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、ベンジルトリブチルアンモニウム塩、ジセチルジメチルアンモニウム塩、トリセチルメチルアンモニウム塩、ジ硬化牛脂アルキルジメチルアンモニウム塩などが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。
炭素数が100を上回ると疎水性が強くなりすぎて、4級アンモニウム塩の有機層への溶解性が悪くなる場合がある。炭素数が10未満であると親水性が強くなり、同様に4級アンモニウム塩の有機層への相溶性が悪くなり、好ましくない。
4級アンモニウム塩の使用量は使用するポリ酸の価数倍の0.01~0.8倍当量、あるいは1.1~10倍当量が好ましい。より好ましくは0.05~0.7倍当量、あるいは1.2~6.0倍当量であり、さらに好ましくは0.05~0.5倍当量、あるいは1.3~4.5倍当量である。
4級アンモニウムのカルボン酸塩の量が、ポリ酸の価数倍の1.1倍当量よりも低い場合、エポキシ化反応が進行しづらい(場合によっては反応の進行が早くなる)、また副生成物ができやすいという問題が生じる。10倍当量よりも多い場合、後処理が大変であるばかりか、反応を抑制する働きがあり、好ましくない。
特に本発明においては触媒であるポリ酸を溶解した際に、pH5~9の間になるように調整されることが好ましい。
緩衝液の使用方法は、例えば好ましい緩衝液である燐酸-燐酸塩水溶液の場合は過酸化水素に対し、0.1~10モル%当量の燐酸(あるいは燐酸二水素ナトリウム等の燐酸塩)を使用し、塩基性化合物(たとえば水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム等)でpH調整を行うという方法が挙げられる。ここでpHは過酸化水素を添加した際に前述のpHになるように添加することが好ましい。また、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸水素二ナトリウムなどを用いて調整することも可能である。好ましい燐酸塩の濃度は0.1~60重量%、好ましくは1~45重量%である。
あるいは水、有機溶剤、オレフィン化合物を撹拌している中に、ポリ酸、燐酸(あるいはリン酸塩)を加え、pH調整を行った後、4級アンモニウム塩を添加し、二層で撹拌したところに、過酸化水素を滴下するという手法を用いるという方法でも構わない。
これらは水溶液として加えることが好ましく、その濃度は0.5~30重量%である。
その使用量としては水、あるいは有機溶剤(例えば、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素、メチルイソブチルケトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類、シクロヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン等の炭化水素、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール類など、各種溶剤)に溶解するものであれば、その使用量は過剰分の過酸化水素のモル数に対し、通常0.01~20倍モル、より好ましくは0.05~10倍モル、さらに好ましくは0.05~3倍モルである。これらは水、あるいは前述の有機溶剤の溶液として添加しても単体で添加しても構わない。
水や有機溶剤に溶解しない固体塩基を使用する場合、系中に残存する過酸化水素の量に対し、重量比で1~1000倍の量を使用することが好ましい。より好ましくは10~500倍、さらに好ましくは10~300倍である。水や有機溶剤に溶解しない固体塩基を使用する場合は、後に記載する水層と有機層の分離の後、処理を行っても構わない。
得られた有機層は必要に応じてイオン交換樹脂や金属酸化物(特に、シリカゲル、アルミナなどが好ましい)、活性炭(中でも特に薬品賦活活性炭が好ましい)、複合金属塩(中でも特に塩基性複合金属塩が好ましい)、粘度鉱物(中でも特にモンモリロナイトなど層状粘度鉱物が好ましい)等により、不純物を除去し、さらに水洗、ろ過等を行った後、溶剤を留去し、目的とするエポキシ化合物を得る。
場合によってはさらにカラムクロマトグラフィーや蒸留により精製しても構わない。
で表される分子を主成分とするが、式(a)
に示すような各種の構造の化合物が混在する混合物である。
これらエポキシ樹脂としては、シクロヘキセンカルボン酸とアルコール類とのエステル化反応あるいはシクロヘキセンメタノールとカルボン酸類とのエステル化反応(Tetrahedron vol.36 p.2409 (1980)、Tetrahedron Letter p.4475 (1980)等に記載の手法)、あるいはシクロヘキセンアルデヒドのティシェンコ反応(日本国特開2003-170059号公報、日本国特開2004-262871号公報等に記載の手法)、さらにはシクロヘキセンカルボン酸エステルのエステル交換反応(日本国特開2006-052187号公報等に記載の手法)によって製造できる化合物を酸化した物などが挙げられる。
アルコール類としては、アルコール性水酸基を有する化合物であれば特に限定されないがエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、シクロヘキサンジメタノール、2,4-ジエチルペンタンジオール、2-エチル-2-ブチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリシクロデカンジメタノール、ノルボルネンジオールなどのジオール類、グリセリン、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールブタン、2-ヒドロキシメチル-1,4-ブタンジオールなどのトリオール類、ペンタエリスリトール、ジトリメチロールプロパンなどのテトラオール類などが挙げられる。またカルボン酸類としてはシュウ酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、アジピン酸、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸などが挙げられるがこれに限らない。
これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上併用してもよく、これらの全エポキシ樹脂中に占める割合は60重量%以下が好ましく、特に40重量%以下が好ましい。60重量%を超えて併用すると揮発などの不具合が発生するおそれがある。
以下、本発明で使用し得る硬化剤について説明する。
該硬化剤としては、例えばアミン系化合物、酸無水物系化合物、アミド系化合物、フェノール系化合物、カルボン酸系化合物などが挙げられる。用いうる硬化剤の具体例としては、ジアミノジフェニルメタン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、イソホロンジアミン、ジシアンジアミド、リノレン酸の2量体とエチレンジアミンより合成されるポリアミド樹脂などの含窒素化合物(アミン、アミド化合物);無水フタル酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸、無水マレイン酸、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、無水メチルナジック酸、無水ナジック酸、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、ブタンテトラカルボン酸無水物、ビシクロ[2,2,1]ヘプタン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物、メチルビシクロ[2,2,1]ヘプタン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物、シクロヘキサン-1,2,4-トリカルボン酸-1,2-無水物、などの酸無水物;各種アルコール、カルビノール変性シリコーン、と前述の酸無水物との付加反応により得られるカルボン酸樹脂;ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールS、フルオレンビスフェノール、テルペンジフェノール、4,4’-ビフェノール、2,2’-ビフェノール、3,3’,5,5’-テトラメチル-[1,1’-ビフェニル]-4,4’-ジオール、ハイドロキノン、レゾルシン、ナフタレンジオール、トリス-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、1,1,2,2-テトラキス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、フェノール類(フェノール、アルキル置換フェノール、ナフトール、アルキル置換ナフトール、ジヒドロキシベンゼン、ジヒドロキシナフタレン等)とホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、ベンズアルデヒド、p-ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒド、o-ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒド、p-ヒドロキシアセトフェノン、o-ヒドロキシアセトフェノン、ジシクロペンタジエン、フルフラール、4,4’-ビス(クロロメチル)-1,1’-ビフェニル、4,4’-ビス(メトキシメチル)-1,1’-ビフェニル、1,4’-ビス(クロロメチル)ベンゼン、1,4’-ビス(メトキシメチル)ベンゼン等との重縮合物及びこれらの変性物、テトラブロモビスフェノールA等のハロゲン化ビスフェノール類、テルペンとフェノール類の縮合物などのポリフェノール類;イミダゾール、トリフルオロボラン-アミン錯体、グアニジン誘導体の化合物などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
本発明においては特に前述の酸無水物に代表される酸無水物構造を有する化合物、及び/又は、前述のカルボン酸樹脂に代表されるカルボン酸構造を有する化合物を硬化剤として用いることが好ましい。
中でも下記式(2)
で表されるヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、シクロヘキサン-1,2,4-トリカルボン酸-1,2-無水物が特に好ましい。
2~4官能の多価アルコールとしては、アルコール性水酸基を有する化合物であれば特に限定されないがエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、シクロヘキサンジメタノール、2,4-ジエチルペンタンジオール、2-エチル-2-ブチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ノルボルネンジオール、ジシクロペンタジエンジメタノールなどのジオール類、グリセリン、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールブタン、2-ヒドロキシメチル-1,4-ブタンジオールなどのトリオール類、ペンタエリスリトール、ジトリメチロールプロパンなどのテトラオール類などが挙げられる。
特に好ましいアルコール類としてはシクロヘキサンジメタノール、2,4-ジエチルペンタンジオール、2-エチル-2-ブチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ノルボルネンジオール、ジシクロペンタジエンジメタノールなどの分岐鎖状や環状の脂肪族アルコール類である。
で表される化合物が好ましい。
W2/(W2+W3)=0.30~0.95
(ただし、W2は式(2)の化合物の配合重量部、W3は式(3)の化合物の配合重量部を示す。)
W2/(W2+W3)の範囲として、より好ましくは、0.40~0.95、さらに好ましくは0.45~0.90、特に好ましくは0.6~0.85である。0.95を超えると、揮発成分が多くなる傾向が強く、0.30を下回ると高い粘度となり、取り扱いが難しくなる。
亜鉛塩および/または亜鉛錯体としては亜鉛イオンを中心元素とした塩および/または錯体であって、好ましくは、カウンターイオンおよび/または配位子として炭素数1~30のアルキル基を有するカルボン酸、燐酸エステル、燐酸から選ばれる少なくとも1種を有する。本発明においては特にカルボン酸亜鉛体、燐酸エステル亜鉛体が好ましい。
前記においてアルキル基としてはメチル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、オクチル基、イソデシル基、イソステアリル基、デカニル基、セチル基などが挙げられる。
具体的には2-エチルヘキシル酸亜鉛、イソステアリン酸亜鉛、ウンデシレン酸亜鉛などが挙げられる。
このようなリン酸エステル亜鉛の亜鉛塩および/または亜鉛錯体は、例えば燐酸エステルを例えば炭酸亜鉛、水酸化亜鉛などと反応させることで、本発明に使用する亜鉛塩および/または亜鉛錯体が得られる(特許文献 EP699708号公報)。
前記アミン化合物としては、例えば、テトラキス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)=1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボキシラート、テトラキス(2,2,6,6-トトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)=1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボキシラート、1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸と1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジノール及び3,9-ビス(2-ヒドロキシ-1,1-ジメチルエチル)-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサスピロ[5.5]ウンデカンとの混合エステル化物、デカン二酸ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート、ビス(1-ウンデカンオキシ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-4-イル)カーボネート、2,2,6,6,-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジルメタクリレート、ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート、ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート、4-ベンゾイルオキシ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン、1-〔2-〔3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオニルオキシ〕エチル〕-4-〔3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオニルオキシ〕-2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン、1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジニル-メタアクリレート、ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジニル)〔〔3,5-ビス(1,1-ジメチルエチル)-4-ヒドロキシフェニル〕メチル〕ブチルマロネート、デカン二酸ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-1(オクチルオキシ)-4-ピペリジニル)エステル,1,1-ジメチルエチルヒドロペルオキシドとオクタンの反応生成物、N,N’,N″,N″’-テトラキス-(4,6-ビス-(ブチル-(N-メチル-2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-4-イル)アミノ)-トリアジン-2-イル)-4,7-ジアザデカン-1,10-ジアミン、ジブチルアミン・1,3,5-トリアジン・N,N’-ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル-1,6-ヘキサメチレンジアミンとN-(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)ブチルアミンの重縮合物、ポリ〔〔6-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)アミノ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジイル〕〔(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)イミノ〕ヘキサメチレン〔(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)イミノ〕〕、コハク酸ジメチルと4-ヒドロキシ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-1-ピペリジンエタノールの重合物、2,2,4,4-テトラメチル-20-(β-ラウリルオキシカルボニル)エチル-7-オキサ-3,20-ジアザジスピロ〔5・1・11・2〕ヘネイコサン-21-オン、β-アラニン,N,-(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジニル)-ドデシルエステル/テトラデシルエステル、N-アセチル-3-ドデシル-1-(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジニル)ピロリジン-2,5-ジオン、2,2,4,4-テトラメチル-7-オキサ-3,20-ジアザジスピロ〔5,1,11,2〕ヘネイコサン-21-オン、2,2,4,4-テトラメチル-21-オキサ-3,20-ジアザジシクロ-〔5,1,11,2〕-ヘネイコサン-20-プロパン酸ドデシルエステル/テトラデシルエステル、プロパンジオイックアシッド,〔(4-メトキシフェニル)-メチレン〕-ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジニル)エステル、2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジノールの高級脂肪酸エステル、1,3-ベンゼンジカルボキシアミド,N,N’-ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジニル)等のヒンダートアミン系、オクタベンゾン等のベンゾフェノン系化合物、2-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)フェノール、2-(2-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-〔2-ヒドロキシ-3-(3,4,5,6-テトラヒドロフタルイミド-メチル)-5-メチルフェニル〕ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(3-tert-ブチル-2-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジ-tert-ペンチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、メチル3-(3-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-5-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネートとポリエチレングリコールの反応生成物、2-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-6-ドデシル-4-メチルフェノール等のベンゾトリアゾール系化合物、2,4-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル-3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンゾエート等のベンゾエート系、2-(4,6-ジフェニル-1,3,5-トリアジン-2-イル)-5-〔(ヘキシル)オキシ〕フェノール等のトリアジン系化合物等が挙げられるが、特に好ましくは、ヒンダートアミン系化合物である。
市販されているアミン系化合物としては特に限定されず、例えば、チバスペシャリティケミカルズ製として、TINUVIN765、TINUVIN770DF、TINUVIN144、TINUVIN123、TINUVIN622LD、TINUVIN152、CHIMASSORB944、アデカ製として、LA-52、LA-57、LA-62、LA-63P、LA-77Y、LA-81、LA-82、LA-87などが挙げられる。
次に本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物を光半導体の封止材又はダイボンド材として用いる場合について詳細に説明する。
注入方法としては、ディスペンサー、トランスファー成形、射出成形等が挙げられる。
加熱は、熱風循環式、赤外線、高周波等の方法が使用できる。
加熱条件は例えば80~230℃で1分~24時間程度が好ましい。加熱硬化の際に発生する内部応力を低減する目的で、例えば80~120℃、30分~5時間予備硬化させた後に、120~180℃、30分~10時間の条件で後硬化させることができる。
シクロヘキセンジオールの合成
合成例1(参考特許文献 EP 0487035 B1)
撹拌機、還流冷却管、撹拌装置を備えたフラスコに、窒素パージを施しながら、シクロヘキセンカルボキシアルデヒド112部、エタノール600部、35%ホルマリン300部、30重量%炭酸カリウム水溶液284部を仕込み、撹拌しながら還流温度まで昇温し、そのまま9時間反応を行った。反応終了後、ディーンスターク冷却菅を装着し、バス温度を100℃に設定した状態で4時間、エタノールを留去した。室温まで冷却後、そのまま24時間静置した。白色結晶として析出したシクロヘキサンジメタノールを減圧濾過により溶液よりろ別し、乾燥する事で目的とするシクロヘキサンジオール(下記式(6))を103部得た。ガスクロマトグラフィーによる純度は98面積%で得られた。
撹拌機、還流冷却管、撹拌装置、ディーンスターク管を備えたフラスコに、窒素パージを施しながらトルエン150部、前記式(6)の化合物70部、3-シクロヘキセンカルボン酸126部、パラトルエンスルホン酸2部を加え、加熱還流下で10時間、水を除きながら反応を行った。反応終了後、10重量%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液50部で2回水洗、さらに得られた有機層を水50部で2回水洗した後、ロータリーエバポレータで有機溶剤を濃縮することで本発明のオレフィン化合物(D-1 下記式(7))が173部得られた。得られたオレフィン化合物は液状であり、ガスクロマトグラフィーによる純度は92面積%、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーによる分析の結果、>98面積%の純度である事を確認した。
エポキシ樹脂の合成
撹拌機、還流冷却管、撹拌装置を備えたフラスコに、窒素パージを施しながら水15部、12-タングストリン酸1.9部、燐酸水素2ナトリウム1.6、ジ牛脂アルキルジメチルアンモニウムアセテート5.4部(ライオンアクゾ製 50重量%ヘキサン溶液、アカード2HTアセテート)を加え、タングステン酸系触媒を生成させた後、トルエン120部、前記で得られたオレフィン化合物を119部加え、さらに再度攪拌することでエマルジョン状態の液とした。この溶液を50℃に昇温し、激しく攪拌しながら、35重量%過酸化水素水118部を1時間で加え、そのまま50℃で13時間攪拌した。GCにて反応の進行を確認したところ、原料ピークは消失していた。
ついで1重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で中和した後、20重量%チオ硫酸ナトリウム水溶液25部を加え30分攪拌を行い、静置した。2層に分離した有機層を取り出し、ここにシリカゲル(ワコーゲル C-300)10部、活性炭(NORIT製 CAP SUPER)20部、ベントナイト(ホージュン製 ベンゲルSH)20部を加え、室温で1時間攪拌後、ろ過した。得られたろ液を水100部で3回水洗を行い、得られた有機層より、トルエンを留去することで、常温で液状の下記式(8)のエポキシ樹脂(EP-1)118部を得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂のエポキシ当量は148g/eq.であった。
得られたエポキシ樹脂(EP-1)25部に対し、シリカゲル(ワコーゲル C-300 和光純薬製)105部を使用し、酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:4~2:3の展開溶媒を用い、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製を行った。
得られたエポキシ樹脂(EP-2)は18部であり、得られたエポキシ樹脂の純度はGPCの測定結果より、前記式(8)の骨格の化合物を98面積%以上含有していることを確認した。さらに、GC測定においては純度約99面積%であった。また、エポキシ当量は137g/eq.であった。
合成例2と同様にしてシクロヘキセンメタノールとテトラヒドロフタル酸を用いてエステル化し、オレフィン化合物を製造後、合成例3と同様にしてエポキシ化することで下記式(9)
得られたエポキシ樹脂をさらに合成例4と同様にして精製することでエポキシ樹脂(EP-3)が得られた。得られたエポキシ樹脂の純度はGPCの測定結果より、前記式(9)の骨格の化合物を98面積%以上含有していることを確認した。さらに、GC測定においては純度約98面積%であった。また、エポキシ当量は137g/eq.であった。
撹拌機、還流冷却管、撹拌装置を備えたフラスコに、窒素パージを施しながらジシクロペンタジエンジメタノール10部、メチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物(新日本理化(株)製、リカシッドMH 以下、酸無水物H3と称す)100部を加え、60℃で4時間加熱撹拌を行うことで(GPCによりジシクロペンタジエンジメタノールの消失を確認した。)、多価カルボン酸を含有する硬化剤組成物(B1)が110部得られた。得られた無色の液状樹脂であり、GPCによる純度は多価カルボン酸の構造を22面積%、メチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物が78面積%であった。また、官能基当量は188g/eq.であった。すなわち、W2/(W2+W3)=0.78である。
特許文献3に記載されている方法に準じてシリコーン変性エポキシ樹脂を得た。すなわち、2-(3,4エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン26.6部(アルコキシ基当量82.1)、ジメチルジメトキシシラン73.4部(アルコキシ当量60.1)、トリエチルアミン10.0部、メチルイソブチルケトン500部を反応容器に仕込み、室温で撹拌下、蒸留水100部を30分かけて滴下し、80度に昇温後6時間反応させた。反応終了後、20%リン酸2水素ナトリウム水溶液で中和後、水洗を3回繰り返した。次いで有機相を減圧下、100℃で溶媒を除去することにより反応性官能基を有するシリコーン変性エポキシ樹脂(EP-4)60部を得た。得られた化合物のエポキシ当量は561g/eq、外観は無色透明であった。
実施例として、合成例4で得られたエポキシ樹脂(EP-2)について、硬化剤として、メチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物とヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物の混合物(新日本理化(株)製、リカシッドMH700、以下、H1と称す。)、硬化促進剤としてヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(東京化成工業(株)製 25重量%メタノール溶液、C1と称す)を使用し、下記表1に示す配合比(重量部)で配合し、20分間脱泡を行い、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。なお、硬化剤の使用量は、エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ基1当量に対して1当量で計算した。
比較例として合成例4で合成した(EP-3)について、硬化剤としてH1、硬化促進剤としてC1を使用し、下記表1に示す配合比(重量部)で配合し、20分間脱泡を行い、本発明の比較用の硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。なお、硬化剤の使用量は、エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ基1当量に対して1当量で計算した。また評価は以下の方法で行った。
実施例及び比較例で得られた硬化性樹脂組成物を真空脱泡20分間実施後、横7mm、縦5cm、厚み約800μmの試験片用金型に静かに注型し、その後上からポリイミドフィルムでフタをした。その注型物を120℃×1時間の予備硬化の後150℃×3時間で硬化させ動的粘弾性用試験片を得た。これらの試験片を用い、下記に示した条件で、動的粘弾性試験を実施した。
測定条件
動的粘弾性測定器:TA-instruments製、DMA-2980
測定温度範囲:-30℃~280℃
温速度:2℃/分
試験片サイズ:5mm×50mmに切り出した物を使用した(厚みは約800μm)。
解析条件
Tg:DMA測定に於けるTan-δのピーク点をTgとした。
得られた硬化性樹脂組成物を真空脱泡20分間実施後、30mm×20mm×高さ1mmになるように耐熱テープでダムを作成したガラス基板上に静かに注型した。その注型物を、120℃×1時間の予備硬化の後150℃×3時間で硬化させ、厚さ1mmの透過率用試験片を得、分光光度計により測定し、その透過率を測定した。
エポキシ樹脂として、合成例3で得られたエポキシ樹脂(EP-1)、比較例として一般的な3,4エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル-3’,4’エポキシシクロヘキシルカルボキシレート(EP-5)を使用し、硬化剤としてH1、合成例6で得られた酸無水物と多価カルボン酸の混合物である硬化剤組成物(B1)を用い、さらに硬化促進剤としてC1を使用し、下記表2に示す配合比(重量部)で配合し、20分間脱泡を行い、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物、および比較用の硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。なお、硬化剤の使用量は、エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ基1当量に対して1当量で計算した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた硬化性樹脂組成物シリンジに充填し精密吐出装置を用いて、外径5mm角表面実装型LEDパッケージ(内径4.4mm、外壁高さ1.25mm)に注型した。その注型物を加熱炉に投入して、120℃、1時間さらに150℃、3時間の硬化処理をしてLEDパッケージを作成した。凹みについては、深さゲージを用いて、外壁高さを基準として、硬化後の樹脂の凹み深さを測定した。実施例2、3と比較例2の結果については、表2に示した。
深さゲージ:NIKON製、DIGIMICRO STAND MS-11C
凹み深さとしては、3ヶ分のパッケージにおける平均値を採用した。
合成例7で得られたシリコーン変性エポキシ樹脂(EP-4)、について、硬化剤として、H1を使用し、下記表3に示す配合比(重量部)で配合し、20分間脱泡を行い、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。なお、硬化剤の使用量は、エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ基1当量に対して1当量で計算した。
実施例2及び比較例3で得られた硬化性樹脂組成物を、シリンジに充填し精密吐出装置を用いて、中心発光波465nmのチップを搭載した外径5mm角表面実装型LEDパッケージ(内径4.4mm、外壁高さ1.25mm)に注型した。その注型物を加熱炉に投入して、120℃、1時間さらに150℃、3時間の硬化処理をしてLEDパッケージを作成した。下記条件でLEDパッケージを腐食性ガス中に放置し、封止内部の銀メッキされたリードフレーム部の色の変化を観察した。実施例2,比較例3の結果については、表3に示した。
腐食ガス:硫化アンモニウム20%水溶液(硫黄成分が銀と反応した場合に黒く変色する)
接触方法:広口ガラス瓶の中に、硫化アンモニウム水溶液の容器と前記LEDパッケージを混在させ、広口ガラス瓶の蓋をして密閉状況下、揮発した硫化アンモニウムガスとLEDパッケージを接触させた。
腐食の判定:LEDパッケージ内部のリードフレームが黒く変色(黒化という)した時間を観察し、その変色時間が長い物ほど、耐腐食ガス性にすぐれていると判断した。
エポキシ樹脂として、合成例3で得られたエポキシ樹脂(EP-1)、比較例として一般的な3,4エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル-3’,4’エポキシシクロヘキシルカルボキシレート(EP-5)を使用し、硬化剤としてH1、1,2,4-シクロヘキサントリカルボン酸-1,2-無水物(三菱ガス化学株式会社製 H-TMA 以下、H2と称す。)を下記表4に示す配合比(重量部)で配合し、20分間脱泡を行い、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物、および比較用の硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。なお、硬化剤の使用量は、エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ基1当量に対して1当量で計算した。
実施例4及び比較例4で得られた硬化性樹脂組成物を真空脱泡20分間実施後、30mm×20mm×高さ1mmになるように耐熱テープでダムを作成したガラス基板上に静かに注型した。その注型物を、120℃×1時間の予備硬化の後150℃×3時間で硬化させ、厚さ1mmの透過率用試験片を得た。
これらの試験片を用い、150℃オーブン中96hr放置前後における透過率(測定波長:400nm)を分光光度計により測定し、その透過率の保持率を算出した。
(LED点灯試験)
実施例4及び比較例4で得られた硬化性樹脂組成物を、シリンジに充填し精密吐出装置を用いて、中心発光波465nmのチップを搭載した外径5mm角表面実装型LEDパッケージ(内径4.4mm、外壁高さ1.25mm)に注型した。その注型物を加熱炉に投入して、120℃、1時間さらに150℃、3時間の硬化処理をしてLEDパッケージを作成した。下記条件でLEDを点灯させて照度を測定した。実施例4、比較例4の結果については、表4に示した。
エポキシ樹脂として、合成例3で得られたエポキシ樹脂(EP-1)、比較例として一般的な3,4エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル-3’,4’エポキシシクロヘキシルカルボキシレート(EP-5)を使用し、硬化剤としてH1、H2、合成例6で得られた酸無水物と多価カルボン酸の混合物である硬化剤組成物(B1)を用い、さらに硬化促進剤として有機ホスホニウム塩(日本化学工業社製 PX-4MP 以下 C2と称す。)を下記表5に示す配合比(重量部)で配合し、20分間脱泡を行い、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物、および比較用の硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。なお、硬化剤の使用量は、エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ基1当量に対して1当量で計算した。
(LEDリフロー試験)
実施例及び比較例で得られた硬化性樹脂組成物を真空脱泡20分間実施後、シリンジに充填し精密吐出装置を使用して、発光波長465nmを持つ発光素子を搭載した表面実装型LEDに注型した。その後、所定の硬化条件で硬化させることで、試験用LEDを得た。
得られた試験用LEDを30℃70%×24Hr吸湿後、高温観察装置(SMT Scope SK-5000 山陽精工株式会社製)を用い、以下のリフロー条件下での、試験用LEDへのクラックの発生の有無を目視で観察した。
n=3でテストを行い、(NG数)/(テスト数)で評価する。
条件は25℃より2℃/秒で150℃まで昇温、その後、2分150℃で保持し、さらに2℃/秒で260℃まで昇温し、10秒の温度保持後、1.3℃/秒で室温まで冷却する、というものである。
なお、本出願は、2009年10月9日付で出願された日本特許出願(特願2009-234846)に基づいており、その全体が引用により援用される。また、ここに引用されるすべての参照は全体として取り込まれる。
Claims (8)
- エポキシ樹脂が、全てのR1、R2が水素原子であるオレフィン化合物が原料である請求項1に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 式(3)中のPが分岐鎖状又は環状構造である請求項4に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化して得られる硬化物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物により封止して得られることを特徴とする光半導体装置。
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WO2018231804A1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-20 | Arkema Inc. | Methods for making cyclohexene oxide-containing esters |
US10913731B2 (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2021-02-09 | Shikoku Chemicals Corporation | Epoxy-oxetane compound, method for synthesizing same, and use of said compound |
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KR101452981B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-10-22 | 주식회사 네패스신소재 | 광 반도체 소자 탑재용 기판, 이의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 광반도체 장치 |
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TW201120084A (en) | 2011-06-16 |
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