WO2011040468A1 - セルロースアシレートフィルム、位相差フィルム、偏光板および液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
セルロースアシレートフィルム、位相差フィルム、偏光板および液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011040468A1 WO2011040468A1 PCT/JP2010/066951 JP2010066951W WO2011040468A1 WO 2011040468 A1 WO2011040468 A1 WO 2011040468A1 JP 2010066951 W JP2010066951 W JP 2010066951W WO 2011040468 A1 WO2011040468 A1 WO 2011040468A1
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- CKDYTXJWALYARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC1c2c3nc[nH]c3ncn2)C1c1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(CC1c2c3nc[nH]c3ncn2)C1c1ccccc1 CKDYTXJWALYARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILHUIIOHFDJHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(c1cc(cccc2)c2cc1)Oc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1 Chemical compound C(c1cc(cccc2)c2cc1)Oc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1 ILHUIIOHFDJHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWLDUPONOYDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)=CC(Nc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1)=O Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(Nc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1)=O XMWLDUPONOYDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVFLGWVZVIBUGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)COC1=C2N=CNC2NC=N1 Chemical compound CCC(C)COC1=C2N=CNC2NC=N1 AVFLGWVZVIBUGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAEDCSYHZIEQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCC(Nc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1)=O Chemical compound CCCCCC(Nc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1)=O UAEDCSYHZIEQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVJMVYRZNOZGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1C(Nc1c2NCNc2ncn1)=O Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1C(Nc1c2NCNc2ncn1)=O PVJMVYRZNOZGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUCAIWLTLKOWQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cccc(C(Nc2ncnc3c2nc[nH]3)=O)c1 Chemical compound Cc1cccc(C(Nc2ncnc3c2nc[nH]3)=O)c1 KUCAIWLTLKOWQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1 Chemical compound Nc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLRZHFNNTYYVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(Cc1ccccc1)Nc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1 Chemical compound O=C(Cc1ccccc1)Nc1c2nc[nH]c2ncn1 MLRZHFNNTYYVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYOGBQAAJIETML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oc1ccc(COc2c3nc[nH]c3ncc2)cc1 Chemical compound Oc1ccc(COc2c3nc[nH]c3ncc2)cc1 BYOGBQAAJIETML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
- B32B23/04—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B23/08—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
- B32B23/20—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising esters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/005—Crosslinking of cellulose derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
- C08B3/22—Post-esterification treatments, including purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
- C08L1/12—Cellulose acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
- C08L1/14—Mixed esters, e.g. cellulose acetate-butyrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/10—Esters of organic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/031—Polarizer or dye
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cellulose acylate film, a retardation film, a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device using the cellulose acylate film.
- Liquid crystal display devices are increasingly used year by year as space-saving image display devices with low power consumption.
- a liquid crystal display device has a major drawback that the viewing angle dependency of a display image is large.
- a wide viewing angle liquid crystal mode such as a VA mode has been put into practical use, and thereby, a high-quality image such as a television can be obtained.
- the demand for liquid crystal display devices is expanding rapidly.
- the basic configuration of a liquid crystal display device is one in which polarizing plates are provided on both sides of a liquid crystal cell.
- the polarizing plate plays a role of allowing only light having a polarization plane in a certain direction to pass through, and the performance of the liquid crystal display device is greatly influenced by the performance of the polarizing plate.
- the polarizing plate generally has a configuration in which transparent protective films are bonded to both front and back sides of a polarizer made of a polyvinyl alcohol film or the like on which iodine or dye is adsorbed and oriented.
- a cellulose acylate film typified by cellulose acetate has been widely used as a polarizing plate protective film because it has high transparency and can easily ensure adhesion with polyvinyl alcohol used in a polarizer.
- a wider viewing angle can be realized, that is, display characteristics can be improved by arranging a retardation film having a specific retardation between a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal cell of a liquid crystal display device.
- a retardation film a cellulose acylate film capable of exhibiting excellent optical performance, specifically, in-plane retardation Re (nm) and retardation Rth (nm) in the thickness direction of the retardation film.
- the cellulose acylate film is also used as a retardation film in a liquid crystal display device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a compound capable of forming a molecular complex including a keto-enol tautomerizable compound as a constituent as a retardation increasing agent.
- 1,3 such as a guanamine skeleton is disclosed.
- 5-triazine ring-containing compounds are disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a retardation increasing agent composed of a discotic compound as a compound capable of increasing Rth by adding to a cellulose acetate film.
- the retardation increasing agent disclosed in this document is a discotic compound.
- a compound having a structure containing a 1,3,5-triazine ring or a porphyrin skeleton is disclosed.
- liquid crystal display devices In recent years, as the use of liquid crystal display devices has been expanded, large-size and high-quality applications such as televisions have been expanded, and higher quality is required for polarizing plates, retardation films, and polarizing plate protective films. ing. In particular, large-size and high-quality liquid crystal display devices are required to be used in harsher environments as compared to conventional liquid crystal display devices. Therefore, cellulose acylate films used in the liquid crystal display devices are optically dependent on environmental humidity. It has been desired to achieve both reduction in performance change and protection of a polarizer when aged at high temperature and high humidity.
- the conventional cellulose acylate film includes a cellulose acylate film to which a retardation increasing agent having a specific structure described in Patent Document 1 or 2 above is added. Reduction of optical performance change depending on environmental humidity And the protection of the polarizer when aged at high temperature and high humidity were not sufficiently achieved.
- Patent Document 3 when a cellulose acylate film having a specific degree of acyl substitution is used, the optical performance changes depending on the environmental humidity, and the time is kept under high temperature and high humidity. A method for improving the performance change is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of using a cellulose acylate film containing the above.
- JP 2004-109410 A JP 2001-166144 A JP 2006-089529 A JP 2006-342227 A
- Patent Document 3 When the present inventors examined the methods described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 described above, the method described in Patent Document 3 reduced the change in optical performance depending on the environmental humidity, and the time elapsed under high temperature and high humidity. It was found that the coexistence with the protection of the polarizer was insufficient. Moreover, when the acyl substitution degree of cellulose acylate in the cellulose acylate film is limited, there is a problem that the retardation control range is narrow, and only the retardation corresponding to the liquid crystal display of a specific liquid crystal cell mode can be adjusted. Moreover, although the method described in Patent Document 4 has a certain effect, it has been found that the method is still insufficient to be used for a liquid crystal display device for high-quality applications in recent years, and further improvement is required.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cellulose acylate film that has a small retardation change depending on environmental humidity and can suppress deterioration of a polarizer when bonded to a polarizing plate and aged at high temperature and high humidity. There is to do. Moreover, it is providing the retardation film using this cellulose acylate film, a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device using the same.
- A It has both a hydrogen bond donor part and a hydrogen bond acceptor part in one molecule.
- B The value obtained by dividing the molecular weight by the total number of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors is 30 to 65.
- the total number of aromatic ring structures is 1 or more and 3 or less.
- Ra represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group.
- X1, X2, X3 and X4 each independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 and X6 are each independently represented by a single bond and the following general formula (P).
- [5] The cellulose acylate film according to [1], wherein the hydrogen bonding compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (C-1).
- Ra11 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rb11, Rc11, Rd11 and Re11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, An alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group
- Q1 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRf—
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group
- X11, X12, and X13 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group
- X14 is represented by the following general formula (P).
- the * side is the linking site with the N atom substituted on the 1,3,5-triazine ring in the compound represented by general formula (C-1).
- [6] The cellulose acylate film according to [1], wherein the hydrogen bonding compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (D-1).
- Ra21 and Rg21 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rd21 and Re21 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group.
- Q11 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRf—
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Q12 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRh—
- Rh represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or Represents a heterocyclic group and may be linked to Rg21 to form a ring
- X23 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group
- X24 represents the following general formula (P) It represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of valence linking group.)
- the * side is the linking site with the N atom substituted on the 1,3,5-triazine ring in the compound represented by general formula (D-1).
- Y1 represents a methine group or —N—.
- Ra31 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rb31, Rc31, Rd31 and Re31 represent Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group
- Q21 represents a single bond, —O—, —S— or —NRf—
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom
- X31, X32, and X33 are each independently a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- X34 represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of divalent linking groups represented by the following general formula (Q).
- General formula (Q) (In general formula (Q), the * side is the linking site with the N atom substituted on the heterocyclic ring in the compound represented by general formula (E-1).)
- [8] The cellulose acylate film according to [1], wherein the hydrogen bonding compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (F-1).
- Y11 represents a methine group or —N—.
- Ra41 and Rg41 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Rd41 and Re41 each represent Independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group
- Q31 represents —O—, —S— or —NRf—
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group.
- Q32 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRh—
- Rh represents a hydrogen atom
- an alkyl group Represents a group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may combine with Rg41 to form a ring
- X43 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- .X44 represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of the divalent linking group represented by the following general formula (P).)
- P divalent linking group represented by the following general formula (P)
- the * side is the linking site with the N atom substituted on the heterocyclic ring in the compound represented by general formula (F-1).
- G-1 The cellulose acylate film according to [1], wherein the hydrogen bonding compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (G-1).
- L1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom
- R81 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, Represents an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an arylalkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- L3 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom
- R85 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or 2 carbon atoms. Represents an alkynyl group of ⁇ 20, an aryl group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl group of 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R83 and R84 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or Represents a heterocyclic group.
- X53 and X54 each independently represent a linking group selected from the group consisting of a divalent linking group represented by the following general formula (P). ) (In general formula (P), the * side is the linking site with the N atom substituted on the heterocyclic ring in the compound represented by general formula (H-1).)
- P divalent linking group represented by the following general formula (P).
- the * side is the linking site with the N atom substituted on the heterocyclic ring in the compound represented by general formula (H-1).
- [11] The cellulose acylate film according to any one of [1] to [10], wherein the hydrogen bonding compound has a molecular weight of 100 to 1,000.
- a retardation film comprising the cellulose acylate film according to any one of [1] to [11].
- a polarizing plate comprising the cellulose acylate film according to any one of [1] to [11] or the retardation film according to [12].
- a liquid crystal display device comprising the cellulose acylate film according to
- Cellulose acylate film, retardation film, and polarizing plate that have a small retardation change depending on environmental humidity and that can suppress deterioration of the polarizer when bonded to a polarizing plate and aged under high temperature and high humidity , And a liquid crystal display device using the same.
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention comprises a hydrogen bonding compound (hereinafter referred to as a hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention) that satisfies the following requirements (A) to (C), a polyhydric alcohol ester hydrophobizing agent, It contains at least one hydrophobizing agent selected from polycondensation ester hydrophobizing agents and carbohydrate derivative hydrophobizing agents.
- A It has both a hydrogen bond donor part and a hydrogen bond acceptor part in one molecule.
- B The value obtained by dividing the molecular weight by the total number of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors is 25 to 65.
- C The total number of aromatic ring structures is 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the hydrogen bonding compound and the specific hydrophobizing agent used in the present invention By adding the hydrogen bonding compound and the specific hydrophobizing agent used in the present invention to the cellulose acylate film, the change in retardation of the cellulose acylate film accompanying a change in environmental humidity can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, by using the cellulose acylate film as a polarizing plate protective film, the performance deterioration of the polarizer under high temperature and high humidity can be significantly improved.
- the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention, the hydrophobizing agent, and the method for producing the cellulose acylate film will be described in detail in this order.
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is characterized by containing the hydrogen bonding compound.
- the humidity dependence of the retardation value of the cellulose acylate film is due to the fact that water molecules coordinate to the carbonyl group present in the acyl substituent of the cellulose acylate resin, and the cellulose acylate resin This is presumed to be caused by a change in the birefringence of.
- the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention since the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention has a hydrogen bonding group at an appropriate position, it effectively interacts with the carbonyl group or hydroxyl group of the cellulose acylate resin. In addition, the access of water molecules to the cellulose acylate resin in a high humidity state can be inhibited. That is, the present invention focuses on the structure of the hydrogen bonding compound, particularly the arrangement of the hydrogen bonding compound in the molecule. Conventionally, when a compound having a 1,3,5-triazine ring is added to a cellulose acylate resin, attention has been paid to the planarity of the shape of the entire compound having a 1,3,5-triazine ring. The compound with the above structure has received little attention.
- the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention satisfies the following requirements (A) to (C).
- A It has both a hydrogen bond donor part and a hydrogen bond acceptor part in one molecule.
- B The value obtained by dividing the molecular weight by the total number of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors is 30 to 65.
- C The total number of aromatic rings is 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the hydrogen-bonding compound used in the present invention has a hydrogen-bonding donor part and a hydrogen-bonding acceptor part in one molecule, thereby forming a strong hydrogen bond with water, and water is a carbonyl in cellulose acylate. Coordination to the group can be suppressed.
- the number of bonds connecting the hydrogen bond donor part and the hydrogen bond acceptor part is preferably 0 or more and 3 or less, from the viewpoint of hydrogen bond formation with the water, and more preferably 1 or 2.
- the value obtained by dividing the molecular weight by the total number of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors is more preferably 35 or more and 60 or less. If the value obtained by dividing the molecular weight by the total number of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors is too large, it will be difficult for hydrogen-bonding compounds to approach cellulose acylate, and the effect of improving retardation changes with environmental changes will be reduced. End up.
- the number of aromatic ring structures in the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention is 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the aromatic ring structure includes heteroaromatic rings in addition to aromatic hydrocarbon rings.
- the number of aromatic ring structures is counted as one in the case of a condensed ring in which aromatic rings are condensed, and is counted as a plurality when the aromatic rings are connected through a linking group.
- an aromatic ring having 10 carbon atoms derived from naphthalene is counted as one aromatic ring structure.
- the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention preferably contains at least one heteroaromatic ring.
- a heteroatom in the heteroaromatic ring and another hydrogen-bonding acceptor or hydrogen-bonding donor in the hydrogen-bonding compound are preferable because they easily form a cyclic hydrogen bond with water.
- the hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity of the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention is preferably controlled within a specific range. That is, if the additive is too hydrophobic, the compatibility with the cellulose acylate is insufficient, and the proportion of the additive that can be present in the vicinity of the cellulose acylate is reduced. On the other hand, if the additive is too hydrophilic, the solubility in the dope solvent will be insufficient.
- the measurement of the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P value) can be generally carried out by a flask soaking method described in JIS Japanese Industrial Standard Z7260-107 (2000). Further, the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P value) can be estimated by a computational chemical method or an empirical method instead of the actual measurement. As a calculation method, Crippen's fragmentation method (J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 27, 21 (1987)), Viswanadhan's fragmentation method (J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 29, 163). (1989)), Broto's fragmentation method (Eur. J. Med. Chem.-Chim.
- the Crippen's fragmentation method J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 27, 21 (1987)
- the ClogP value is a value obtained by calculating the common logarithm logP of the distribution coefficient P between 1-octanol and water.
- Known methods and software can be used for calculating the ClogP value.
- a CLOGP program incorporated in the system: PCModels of Daylight Chemical Information Systems was used. Further, when the log P value of a certain compound varies depending on the measurement method or the calculation method, whether or not the compound is within the scope of the present invention is determined by the Crippen's fragmentation method.
- the hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity of the hydrogen bonding compound can be represented by an octanol-water partition coefficient (hereinafter sometimes referred to as logP).
- the hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity of the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention is controlled to be in the range of 0 to 5.5 as the ClogP value among the octanol-water partition coefficients.
- the ClogP value of the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention is more preferably 1.0 to 5.0, and most preferably 2.0 to 4.5.
- the specific structure of the hydrogen bonding compound used for this invention is demonstrated below.
- the hydrogen bonding compounds used in the present invention are preferably compounds represented by the following general formulas (A-1) to (H-1). Each structure will be described in detail below.
- Ra represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group.
- X1, X2, X3 and X4 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- the Ra represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group, and is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- Ra is an alkyl group
- it preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Ra is an alkenyl group
- it preferably has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Ra is an alkynyl group
- it preferably has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Ra is an aryl group
- it preferably has 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Ra is a heterocyclic group
- it preferably has 5 to 23 carbon atoms, and more preferably 5 to 17 carbon atoms.
- the Ra may or may not further have a substituent, but it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving humidity dependence that Ra does not further have a substituent.
- the substituent that Ra may have include the following substituent T.
- the substituent T include an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert- Butyl group, n-octyl group, n-decyl group, n-hexadecyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl group, etc.), alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 2 carbon atoms).
- alkynyl group preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 To 12, particularly preferably 2 to 8, and examples thereof include a propargyl group and a 3-pentynyl group
- an aryl group preferably It has 6 to 30 elementary atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 and particularly preferably 6 to 12, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, and the like, an amino group (preferably a carbon atom number of 0 to 20).
- 0 to 10 particularly preferably 0 to 6, such as an amino group, a methylamino group, a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a dibenzylamino group, etc.
- an alkoxy group preferably a carbon atom
- the number is 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 12, and particularly preferably 1 to 8.
- examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a butoxy group, and an aryloxy group (preferably having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, More preferably, it is 6 to 16, particularly preferably 6 to 12, and examples thereof include a phenyloxy group and a 2-naphthyloxy group.
- Group preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as acetyl group, benzoyl group, formyl group, and pivaloyl group
- alkoxycarbonyl group Preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyl group and an ethoxycarbonyl group
- an aryloxycarbonyl group preferably a carbon atom) 7 to 20, more preferably 7 to 16, particularly preferably 7 to 10, for example, phenyloxycarbonyl group, etc.
- acyloxy group preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- An acylamino group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 and particularly preferably 2 to 10 such as acetylamino group and benzoylamino group), alkoxycarbonylamino group ( Preferably it has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as a methoxycarbonylamino group, and an aryloxycarbonylamino group (preferably 7 to 7 carbon atoms).
- Examples thereof include a phenyloxycarbonylamino group), a sulfonylamino group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms). And particularly preferably 1 to 12, for example, methanesulfonylamino group, benzenesulfonate Amino groups, etc.), sulfamoyl groups (preferably having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 0 to 12 carbon atoms such as sulfamoyl group, methylsulfamoyl group, dimethylsulfayl group).
- a carbamoyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as a carbamoyl group and a methylcarbamoyl group).
- alkylthio group preferably having 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 16, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methylthio group and ethylthio group
- An arylthio group preferably having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, More preferably, it is 6 to 16, particularly preferably 6 to 12, and examples thereof include a phenylthio group.
- a sulfonyl group preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16, and particularly preferably 1 to 1).
- a mesyl group, a tosyl group, etc. a sulfinyl group (preferably having a carbon atom number of 1-20, more preferably 1-16, particularly preferably 1-12, such as a methanesulfinyl group, Benzenesulfinyl groups, etc.), ureido groups (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16, particularly preferably 1 to 12, such as ureido groups, methylureido groups, phenylureido groups, etc.) Phosphoric acid amide group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12, and examples thereof include diethyl phosphoric acid amide and phenyl phosphoric acid amide.
- Hydroxy group mercapto group, halogen atom (eg fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), cyano group, sulfo group, carboxyl group, nitro group, hydroxamic acid group, sulfino group, hydrazino group, imino group, Heterocyclic group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples of the hetero atom include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom, specifically, for example, an imidazolyl group, a pyridyl group and a quinolyl group.
- halogen atom eg fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom
- cyano group eg fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom
- sulfo group carboxyl group
- nitro group hydrox
- X 1, X 2, X 3 and X 4 each independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, more preferably each independently a single bond, and particularly preferably all are single bonds.
- Examples of the divalent linking group that each of X1, X2, X3, and X4 may independently represent include a divalent linking group represented by the following general formula (P), an alkylene group (preferably carbon And an arylene group (preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms). Among them, a divalent linking group represented by the following general formula (P) is preferable, and a carbonyl group is more preferable.
- R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- at least one of R1 or R2 is a hydrogen atom
- at least one of R3 or R4 is a hydrogen atom.
- R1, R2, R3 and R4 are alkyl groups, it preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R1 is an alkyl group and X1 is —C ( ⁇ O) —
- R2 is an alkyl group and X2 is —C ( ⁇ O) —
- R3 is an alkyl group and X3 is —C ( ⁇ O) —
- preferred ranges of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, An acyl group or a heterocyclic group, more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the preferred substituent that the aryl group has is the same as the range of R31 to R34 in the general formula (A-4) described later, that is, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a dialkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R1, R2, R3 and R4 are alkenyl groups, it preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R1, R2, R3 and R4 are alkynyl groups, it preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are aryl groups, it preferably has 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms for improving humidity dependency. Particularly preferred from the viewpoint.
- R1, R2, R3 and R4 may or may not further have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the substituent T.
- the compound represented by the general formula (A-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (A-2).
- Ra2 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or an aryl group, and a preferred range is the same as the preferred range of Ra.
- R21 and R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, and a preferred range is the same as the preferred ranges of R1, R2, R3 and R4.
- the compound represented by the general formula (A-1) is more particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (A-3).
- Ra3 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or an aryl group.
- Ra3 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or an aryl group, and a preferred range is the same as the preferred range of Ra. Furthermore, in the cellulose acylate film of the present invention, it is preferable that Ra3 is an alkyl group when the humidity dependency of retardation is improved while lowering Rth. In that case, Ra3 is further unsubstituted. More preferred is an alkyl group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (A-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (A-4).
- R31, R32, R33 and R34 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 4 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or an aryl group, and a preferred range is the Ra group. This is the same as the preferred range.
- Rb and Rc each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group.
- X5 and X6 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R5 and R6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rb and Rc each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group, and the preferred range is the same as the preferred range for Ra.
- X5 and X6 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group, and preferred ranges thereof are the same as the preferred ranges of X1, X2, X3 and X4.
- R5 and R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, and a preferred range is the same as the preferred ranges of R1, R2, R3 and R4.
- the compound represented by the general formula (B-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (B-2).
- Rb2 and Rc2 each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or an aryl group, and a preferred range is the same as the preferred range of Ra.
- R25 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, and a preferred range is the same as the preferred ranges of R21 and R24.
- the compound represented by the general formula (B-3) is more particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (B-3).
- Rb3 and Rc3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or an aryl group, and a preferred range is the same as the preferred range of Ra.
- the compound represented by the general formula (B-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (B-4).
- Rb4 and Rc4 each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or an aryl group. Further, in the cellulose acylate film of the present invention, it is preferable that Rb3 and Rc3 are both alkyl groups in order to improve the humidity dependency of retardation while lowering Rth. More preferred is when both Rc3 are unsubstituted alkyl groups. Similarly, both Rb4 and Rc4 are preferably alkyl groups.
- the method for producing the compound represented by the general formula (A-1) or the general formula (B-1) is not particularly limited, and can be produced by a known method.
- dicyanodiamide and a nitrile compound are mixed with water as described in, for example, US Pat. No. 3,478,026 and Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 6616-6628.
- an inorganic base such as potassium oxide, or a Grignard compound and an amine compound using cyanuric chloride as a raw material as described in Tetrahedron 2000, 56, 9705-9711
- a method of synthesizing disubstituted-s-triazines can be used. Further, the compound represented by formula (A-1) or formula (B-1) may be obtained commercially.
- Ra11 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rb11, Rc11, Rd11 and Re11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, An alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group
- Q1 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRf—
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group
- X11, X12, and X13 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group
- X14 is represented by the general formula (P). Represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of divalent linking groups.)
- the compound represented by the general formula (C-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (C-2).
- Ra12 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rb12 and Rd12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group.
- Q2 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRf—
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group
- X11, X12, and X13 each independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group
- X14 represents a divalent group represented by the general formula (P). Represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of linking groups.
- the compound represented by the general formula (C-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (C-3).
- Ra13 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Q3 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRf—, and Rf represents a hydrogen atom.
- the compound represented by the general formula (C-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (C-4).
- R41, R42, R43 and R44 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Ra14 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group
- Q4 represents —O. —, —S—, or —NRf—, wherein Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Ra14 to form a ring.
- Ra21 and Rg21 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rd21 and Re21 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group.
- Q11 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRf—, and Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Q12 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRh—
- Rh represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or Represents a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Rg21 to form a ring
- X23 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group
- X24 represents the general formula (P). It represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of valence linking group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (D-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (D-2).
- Ra22 and Rg22 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rd22 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Q13 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRf—, and Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and is linked to Ra22.
- Q14 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRh—
- Rh represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, (It may be linked to Rg22 to form a ring.
- X25 represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of a divalent linking group represented by formula (P)).
- the compound represented by the general formula (D-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (D-3).
- Ra23 and Rg23 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Q15 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRf—;
- Re represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Ra23 to form a ring
- Q16 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRh—.
- Rh represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Rg23 to form a ring.
- the compound represented by the general formula (D-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (D-4).
- R51 and R52 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, Represents an alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and a dialkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- Ra24 and Rg24 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group
- Q17 represents —O—, —S— or —NRf—, wherein Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group,
- Rh represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group; g24 linked to the may form a ring.
- Rb31, Rc31, Rd31 and Re31 represent Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group
- Q21 represents a single bond, —O—, —S— or —NRf—
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom
- X31, X32, and X33 are each independently a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- X34 represents the following general formula (Q) General formula (Q) (In general formula (Q), the * side is the linking site with the N atom substituted on the heterocyclic ring in the compound represented by general formula (E-1).) Represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of divalent linking groups represented by the formula: )
- the compound represented by the general formula (E-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (E-2).
- Y2 represents a methine group or —N—.
- Ra32 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Rb32, Rc32, and Rd32 are each independently selected.
- Q22 represents a single bond, —O—, —S—, or —NRf—
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group
- X35 each independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- This represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of divalent linking groups represented by formula (Q).)
- the compound represented by the general formula (E-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (E-3).
- Y3 represents a methine group or —N—.
- Ra33 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Q23 represents a single bond, —O—. , -S-, or -NRf-, wherein Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Ra33 to form a ring.
- the compound represented by the general formula (E-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (E-4).
- Y4 represents a methine group or —N—.
- Ra34 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Q24 represents a single bond, —O—. , —S—, or —NRf—, wherein Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Ra34 to form a ring.
- R62, R63 and R64 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (Amino group represents a dialkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.)
- the compound represented by the general formula (E-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (E-5).
- R65, R66, R67 and R68 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Ra35 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group
- Q25 represents a single bond.
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and is linked to Ra35 to form a ring. May be good.
- Y11 represents a methine group or —N—.
- Ra41 and Rg41 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Rd41 and Re41 each represent Independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group,
- Q31 represents —O—, —S— or —NRf—, and Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group.
- Q32 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRh—
- Rh represents a hydrogen atom
- an alkyl group Represents a group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may combine with Rg41 to form a ring
- X43 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- X44 represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of divalent linking groups represented by the general formula (P), provided that in the general formula (P), the * side is the general formula (F-1 This is the linking site with the N atom substituted on the heterocyclic ring in the compound represented by
- the compound represented by the general formula (F-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (F-2).
- Y12 represents a methine group or —N—.
- Ra42 and Rg42 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rd42 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- Q33 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRf—, wherein Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group; Or a heterocyclic group, which may be linked to Ra42 to form a ring, Q34 represents —O—, —S—, or —NRh—, wherein Rh represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (F-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (F-3).
- Y13 represents a methine group or —N—
- Ra43 and Rg43 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group
- Q35 represents —O—, —S— or —NRf—, wherein Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Ra43 to form a ring.
- Rh represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Rg43 to form a ring. Good.
- the compound represented by the general formula (F-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (F-4).
- Y14 represents a methine group or —N—
- Ra44 and Rg44 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group
- Q37 represents a single bond, — O—, —S—, or —NRf—, wherein Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Ra44 to form a ring.
- Q38 represents a single bond, —O—, —S—, or —NRf—
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and is linked to Rg44.
- R71 and R72 may each independently form a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, An alkoxy group having 8 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a dialkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the compound represented by the general formula (F-1) is particularly preferably represented by the following general formula (F-5).
- Ra45 and Rg45 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Q39 represents a single bond, —O—, —S—, or —NRf—.
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Ra45 to form a ring
- Q40 is a single bond, —O—, —S -Or -NRf-, wherein Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and may be linked to Rg45 to form a ring.
- the compound of the general formula (E-1) can be synthesized, for example, by the method of the following scheme 1. That is, it can be synthesized by reacting the compound of the general formula (E-1a) and the compound of the general formula (E-1b) in an organic solvent in the presence of a base.
- organic solvents include alcohol (eg, methanol, ethanol), ester (eg, ethyl acetate), hydrocarbon (eg, toluene), ether (eg, tetrahydrofuran), amide (eg, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl).
- halogenated hydrocarbon eg, dichloromethane
- nitrile eg, acetonitrile
- a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
- Alcohols and amides are preferred, and methanol, ethanol, N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone are particularly preferred.
- a mixed solvent of methanol, ethanol, N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone is also a particularly suitable example.
- any of an inorganic base (eg, potassium carbonate) and an organic base (eg, triethylamine, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide) can be used.
- Organic bases are preferred and sodium methoxide is particularly preferred.
- the amount of the base used is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 equivalents, particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 3 equivalents, relative to the compound represented by the general formula (E-1b).
- the reaction temperature is usually from ⁇ 20 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent.
- the reaction time is usually from 10 minutes to 3 days, preferably from 1 hour to 1 day.
- the reaction may be performed under a nitrogen atmosphere or under reduced pressure. In particular, when the leaving group Z is an alkoxy group or an aryl group, the reaction is preferably performed under reduced pressure.
- Z represents a leaving group, preferably a halogen group, an alkoxy group, or an aryloxy group.
- the compound of the general formula (E-2) used in the present invention can be synthesized, for example, by the method of Scheme 2 below. That is, it can be synthesized by reacting the compound of general formula (E-2a) with the compounds of general formula (E-2b) and general formula (E-2c) in an organic solvent in the presence of a base.
- the compounds of the general formula (E-2a), the general formula (E-2b) and the general formula (E-2c) commercially available products or synthetic products produced by known synthesis methods can be used. Suitable examples of the organic solvent to be used are the same as described above.
- Suitable examples of the base to be used are the same as described above, but the amount of the base to be used is the total amount of the compound represented by the general formula (E-2b) and the compound represented by the general formula (E-2c).
- the range of 0.5 to 10 equivalents is preferable, and the range of 1 to 3 equivalents is particularly preferable.
- Suitable examples of the reaction temperature and reaction time used are the same as described above.
- L 1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom, and is preferably a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom.
- the divalent linking group containing the heteroatom represented by L1 is preferably a linking group in which the same atom has two bonds involved in the connection. Examples of such a linking group include —O—, —N (R82) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —S—, —S ( ⁇ O) 2-, and combinations thereof. Can be mentioned.
- the range of R82 is the same as the range of R3, and the preferable range of R82 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 carbon atom). To 5, more particularly preferably a methyl group).
- a linking group composed of —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —, and combinations thereof is preferable, —O—, —NH—C ( ⁇ O) -And -N (CH3)-are more preferred.
- R81 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
- An aryl group or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is represented.
- R81 is an alkyl group, it preferably has 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R1 and R2 are each independently an alkenyl group, it preferably has 12 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 12 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R81 is an alkynyl group, it preferably has 2 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R81 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group, it may be cyclic, linear or branched, but is preferably linear or branched, and more preferably linear.
- R81 is a heteroaryl group, it preferably has 5 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R81 is an aryl group, it preferably has 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R81 is an arylalkyl group, it preferably has 7 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the R81 may further have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- the substituent is not particularly limited as long as it is not contrary to the gist of the present invention, but is a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable.
- an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is more preferable, and in particular, when R81 is an alkyl group having a substituent, the substituent is preferably a phenyl group.
- L1 and R81 are as follows.
- R81 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl group, and more preferably an arylalkyl group.
- L1 is —NH—
- R81 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl group, and more preferably an arylalkyl group.
- L1 is —NH—C ( ⁇ O) —
- R81 is preferably an alkyl group or aryl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group.
- L1 is —N (CH3) —
- R81 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or an alkyl group, and more preferably an alkyl group.
- R81 is more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of suppressing retardation change with respect to environmental humidity.
- the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention is preferably a compound in which the number of amino groups in the purine base skeleton excluding the substituent is 0 or 1 among the compounds represented by the general formula (G-1).
- the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (G-1), wherein R1 is not a hydrogen atom. That is, the hydrogen bonding compound used in the present invention is more preferably a compound containing the nucleobase skeleton represented by the following general formula (G-2).
- L2 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom
- R82 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or 2 to 2 carbon atoms.
- 20 represents an alkynyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an arylalkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the preferable range of L2 is the same as the preferable range of L1 in the general formula (G-1).
- R82 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an arylalkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the preferred carbon number range for each group is the same as the preferred carbon number range for each group in R81 in formula (G-1).
- R82 is more preferably a methyl group, a phenyl group or a benzyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group, a phenyl group or a benzyl group.
- the preferred combination of L2 and R82 has the same tendency as the preferred combination of L1 and R81 in the general formula (G-1).
- the hydrogen bonding compound may control the interaction between the compound containing the nucleobase skeleton and the cellulose acylate so as not to cause haze in the cellulose acylate film or bleed out or volatilize from the film.
- the partial structure capable of interacting with cellulose acylate through a hydrogen bond or the like that the compound containing the nucleobase skeleton preferably has include a purine base skeleton, an ether bond structure, an ester bond structure, an amide bond structure, -NH- linking group structure and the like can be mentioned.
- Specific Example of Compound Represented by General Formula (G-1) Containing Nucleobase Skeleton Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (G-1) containing the nucleobase skeleton include the following. However, the compound represented by the general formula (G-1) containing the nucleobase skeleton that can be used as the hydrogen bonding compound is not limited thereto.
- R83 and R84 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or Represents a heterocyclic group.
- X53 and X54 each independently represent a linking group selected from the group consisting of a divalent linking group represented by the general formula (P). However, in the general formula (P), the * side is a linking site with the N atom substituted on the heterocyclic ring in the compound represented by the general formula (H-1). )
- the compounds represented by the general formulas (A-1) to (H-1) preferably have a molecular weight of 100 to 1000, more preferably 150 to 700, and more preferably 150 to 450. Most preferred.
- the addition amount of the compounds represented by the general formulas (A-1) to (H-1) is preferably 30% by mass or less, and preferably 1 to 30% by mass with respect to the cellulose acylate resin. Is more preferably 2 to 20% by mass, still more preferably 3 to 15% by mass.
- the total content of the hydrogen bonding compounds with respect to the cellulose acylate resin is preferably 35% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and 20% by mass or less. It is particularly preferred that The hydrogen bonding compound is not limited to the compounds represented by the general formulas (A-1) to (H-1).
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention contains at least one hydrophobizing agent selected from a polyhydric alcohol ester hydrophobizing agent, a polycondensation ester hydrophobizing agent and a carbohydrate derivative hydrophobizing agent.
- the hydrophobizing agent is preferably one that can reduce the water content without reducing the glass transition temperature of the film as much as possible.
- polyhydric alcohol ester hydrophobizing agent The polyhydric alcohol used in the present invention is represented by the following general formula (4).
- R1- (OH) n (However, R1 represents an n-valent organic group, and n represents a positive integer of 2 or more.)
- Preferred examples of the polyhydric alcohol hydrophobizing agent include the following, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the polyhydric alcohol hydrophobizing agent is preferably a polyhydric alcohol ester using a polyhydric alcohol having 5 or more carbon atoms. Particularly preferably, it has 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the monocarboxylic acid used in the polyhydric alcohol ester is not particularly limited, and known aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, alicyclic monocarboxylic acid, aromatic monocarboxylic acid and the like can be used. Use of an alicyclic monocarboxylic acid or aromatic monocarboxylic acid is preferred in terms of improving moisture permeability and retention.
- Preferred examples of the monocarboxylic acid used in the polyhydric alcohol ester include the following, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- aliphatic monocarboxylic acid a fatty acid having a straight chain or a side chain having 1 to 32 carbon atoms can be preferably used.
- the number of carbon atoms is more preferably 1-20, and particularly preferably 1-10.
- acetic acid is contained, the compatibility with the cellulose derivative is increased, and it is also preferable to use a mixture of acetic acid and another monocarboxylic acid.
- Preferred examples of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, 2-ethyl-hexanecarboxylic acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecyl Acids, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecylic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, serotic acid, heptacosanoic acid, montanic acid, melicic acid, and laccelic acid, undecylenic acid And unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.
- unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid,
- Preferred examples of the alicyclic monocarboxylic acid include cyclopentane carboxylic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, cyclooctane carboxylic acid, and derivatives thereof.
- Preferred examples of the aromatic monocarboxylic acid include those in which an alkyl group is introduced into the benzene ring of benzoic acid such as benzoic acid and toluic acid, and two benzene rings such as biphenylcarboxylic acid, naphthalenecarboxylic acid, and tetralincarboxylic acid.
- benzoic acid is especially preferable.
- the molecular weight of the polyhydric alcohol hydrophobizing agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 300 to 3000, and more preferably 350 to 1500. A higher molecular weight is preferable because it is less likely to volatilize, and a smaller one is preferable in terms of moisture permeability and compatibility with cellulose derivatives.
- the carboxylic acid used in the polyhydric alcohol ester may be one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds. Moreover, all the hydroxyl groups in the polyhydric alcohol may be esterified, or a part of the hydroxyl groups may be left as they are.
- the polycondensation ester hydrophobizing agent is obtained from at least one dicarboxylic acid having an aromatic ring (also referred to as aromatic dicarboxylic acid) and at least one aliphatic diol having an average carbon number of 2.5 to 8.0. It is preferable. It is also preferable to obtain a mixture of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and at least one aliphatic diol having an average carbon number of 2.5 to 8.0.
- Calculation of the average carbon number of the dicarboxylic acid residue is performed separately for the dicarboxylic acid residue and the diol residue.
- the value calculated by multiplying the constituent carbon number by the composition ratio (molar fraction) of the dicarboxylic acid residue is defined as the average carbon number.
- the average carbon number of the diol residue is a value calculated by multiplying the constituent carbon number by the composition ratio (molar fraction) of the diol residue. For example, when it is composed of 50 mol% of ethylene glycol residues and 50 mol% of 1,2-propanediol residues, the average carbon number is 2.5.
- the number average molecular weight of the polycondensed ester is preferably from 500 to 2000, more preferably from 600 to 1500, and even more preferably from 700 to 1200. If the number average molecular weight of the polycondensed ester is 600 or more, the volatility is low, and film failure or process contamination due to volatilization under high temperature conditions during stretching of the cellulose ester film is unlikely to occur. Moreover, if it is 2000 or less, compatibility with a cellulose ester will become high and it will become difficult to produce the bleed out at the time of film forming and the time of heat-stretching. The number average molecular weight of the polycondensed ester can be measured and evaluated by gel permeation chromatography.
- hydroxyl value is determined by measuring the amount (mg) of potassium hydroxide necessary for neutralizing excess acetic acid after acetylating the polyester polyol.
- the dicarboxylic acid component is preferably a dicarboxylic acid having an average carbon number of 5.5 to 10.0, more preferably 5 6-8. If the average carbon number is 5.5 or more, a polarizing plate having excellent durability can be obtained. If the average number of carbon atoms is 10 or less, the compatibility with the cellulose ester is excellent, and the occurrence of bleed out can be suppressed in the process of forming the cellulose ester film.
- a polycondensation ester obtained from a diol and a dicarboxylic acid containing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid contains an aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue.
- a residue is a partial structure of a polycondensed ester and represents a partial structure having the characteristics of a monomer forming the polycondensed ester.
- the dicarboxylic acid residue formed from the dicarboxylic acid HOOC-R—COOH is —OC—R—CO—.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue ratio of the polycondensed ester used in the present invention is preferably 40 mol% or more, and more preferably 40 mol% to 95 mol%.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue ratio By setting the aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue ratio to 40 mol% or more, a cellulose ester film exhibiting sufficient optical anisotropy can be obtained, and a polarizing plate excellent in durability can be obtained. Moreover, if it is 95 mol% or less, it is excellent in compatibility with a cellulose ester, and it can make it hard to produce a bleed-out also at the time of film forming of a cellulose ester film, and the time of heat-stretching.
- phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid are preferable, phthalic acid and terephthalic acid are more preferable, and terephthalic acid is more preferable.
- an aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue derived from the aromatic dicarboxylic acid used for mixing is formed. That is, the aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue preferably includes at least one of a phthalic acid residue, a terephthalic acid residue, and an isophthalic acid residue, more preferably at least one of a phthalic acid residue and a terephthalic acid residue. A seed, more preferably a terephthalic acid residue.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two types are used, it is preferable to use phthalic acid and terephthalic acid. The combined use of two types of aromatic dicarboxylic acids, phthalic acid and terephthalic acid, is preferable in that the polycondensation ester at normal temperature can be softened and handling becomes easy.
- the content of the terephthalic acid residue in the dicarboxylic acid residue of the polycondensed ester is preferably 40 mol% to 100 mol%. By setting the terephthalic acid residue ratio to 40 mol% or more, a cellulose ester film exhibiting sufficient optical anisotropy can be obtained.
- the polycondensation ester obtained from a diol and a dicarboxylic acid containing an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid contains an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residue.
- the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid that can form a polycondensation ester hydrophobizing agent that can be preferably used in the present invention include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, and adipic acid. , Pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid or 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residue derived from the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid used for mixing is formed.
- the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residue preferably has an average carbon number of 5.5 to 10.0, more preferably 5.5 to 8.0, and more preferably 5.5 to 7.0. Further preferred. If the average carbon number of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residue is 10.0 or less, the heat loss of the compound can be reduced, and the occurrence of surface failure that may be caused by process contamination due to bleed-out during drying of the cellulose acylate web is prevented. be able to.
- the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residue has an average carbon number of 5.5 or more because it is excellent in compatibility and precipitation of the polycondensed ester hardly occurs.
- the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residue preferably includes a succinic acid residue, and when two types are used, it preferably includes a succinic acid residue and an adipic acid residue. That is, for the mixing in the formation of the polycondensed ester, one kind of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or two or more kinds may be used. When two kinds are used, it is preferable to use succinic acid and adipic acid.
- succinic acid When one kind of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is used for mixing in the formation of the polycondensed ester, it is preferable to use succinic acid.
- the average carbon number of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residue can be adjusted to a desired value, which is preferable in terms of compatibility with the cellulose ester.
- two or three dicarboxylic acids for mixing in the formation of the polycondensed ester.
- two kinds it is preferable to use one kind of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and one kind of aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- three kinds one kind of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and two kinds of aromatic dicarboxylic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid are used.
- Two kinds of acids and one kind of aromatic dicarboxylic acid can be used. This is because the average carbon number value of the dicarboxylic acid residue can be easily adjusted, the content of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue can be within a preferable range, and the durability of the polarizer can be improved.
- a polycondensation ester obtained from a diol and a dicarboxylic acid containing a dicarboxylic acid contains a diol residue.
- the diol residue formed from the diol HO—R—OH is —O—R—O—.
- Examples of the diol that forms the polycondensed ester include aromatic diols and aliphatic diols.
- the polycondensed ester used in the hydrophobizing agent used in the present invention is preferably formed from at least an aliphatic diol.
- the polycondensed ester preferably contains an aliphatic diol residue having an average carbon number of 2.5 to 7.0, more preferably an aliphatic diol residue having an average carbon number of 2.5 to 4.0. Including.
- the average carbon number of the aliphatic diol residue is less than 7.0, the compatibility with the cellulose ester is improved, bleed-out is less likely to occur, and the heat loss of the compound is less likely to be increased. It is difficult for surface defects that are thought to be caused by process contamination during drying to occur. Further, the synthesis is easy if the average carbon number of the aliphatic diol residue is 2.5 or more.
- Preferred examples of the aliphatic diol that can form the polycondensation ester hydrophobizing agent that can be used in the present invention include alkyl diols and alicyclic diols, such as ethylene glycol, 1,2, and the like.
- the aliphatic diol is at least one of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, and 1,3-propanediol, and particularly preferably at least one of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol. It is.
- the polycondensation ester is formed using two types of the aliphatic diols, it is preferable to use ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol.
- 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol crystallization of the polycondensed ester can be prevented.
- a diol residue is formed by the diol used for mixing.
- the polycondensed ester preferably contains at least one of an ethylene glycol residue, a 1,2-propanediol residue, and a 1,3-propanediol residue as a diol residue. More preferably, it is a 1,2-propanediol residue.
- the aliphatic diol residue contained in the polycondensed ester preferably contains 10 mol% to 100 mol%, more preferably 20 mol% to 100 mol% of ethylene glycol residues.
- the terminal of the polycondensed ester may be left as it is without being blocked, and may be left as a diol or carboxylic acid, or may be further blocked with a so-called terminal by reacting with a monocarboxylic acid or monoalcohol.
- monocarboxylic acids used for sealing acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, benzoic acid and the like are preferable.
- Monoalcohols used for sealing are preferably methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, and most preferably methanol.
- the loss on heating of the compound does not increase, and no surface failure occurs. More preferably, the end of the polycondensed ester remains as a diol residue without being sealed, or is sealed with acetic acid, propionic acid or benzoic acid. It does not matter whether both ends of the polycondensed ester have the same sealing performance. When both ends of the condensate are unsealed, the polycondensed ester is preferably a polyester polyol.
- polycondensation ester is a polycondensation ester in which the aliphatic diol residue has 2.5 to 8.0 carbon atoms and both ends of the polycondensation ester are unblocked.
- both ends of the polycondensed ester are sealed, it is preferably sealed by reacting with a monocarboxylic acid.
- both ends of the polycondensed ester are monocarboxylic acid residues.
- the monocarboxylic acid residue formed from the monocarboxylic acid R—COOH is R—CO—.
- the monocarboxylic acid is preferably an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid residue, and the monocarboxylic acid residue is an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 22 or less carbon atoms. It is more preferably a carboxylic acid residue, and even more preferably an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid residue having 3 or less carbon atoms.
- an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid residue having 2 or more carbon atoms is preferable, and an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid residue having 2 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- the aliphatic diol residue has a carbon number of more than 2.5 and 7.0 or less, and both ends of the polycondensation ester are capped with monocarboxylic acid residues. Mention may be made of condensed esters. When the carbon number of the monocarboxylic acid residue sealing both ends of the polycondensed ester is 3 or less, the volatility is lowered, the weight loss due to heating of the polycondensed ester is not increased, and the occurrence of process contamination It is possible to reduce the occurrence of planar failures.
- the monocarboxylic acid used for sealing is preferably an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, more preferably an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, and an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
- a carboxylic acid is more preferable, and an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid residue having 2 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, benzoic acid and derivatives thereof are preferable, acetic acid or propionic acid is more preferable, and acetic acid is most preferable.
- Two or more monocarboxylic acids used for sealing may be mixed.
- Both ends of the polycondensed ester are preferably sealed with acetic acid or propionic acid, and most preferably both ends are acetyl ester residues (sometimes referred to as acetyl residues).
- acetyl ester residues sometimes referred to as acetyl residues.
- J-1 to J-38 of the polycondensed ester are shown in Table 5 below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the synthesis of the polycondensed ester is performed either by a conventional method, a hot melt condensation method by a polyesterification reaction or transesterification reaction between a diol and a dicarboxylic acid, or an interfacial condensation method between an acid chloride of these acids and a glycol. Can be easily synthesized.
- the polycondensation ester is described in detail in Koichi Murai, “Plasticizers, Theory and Application” (Koshobo Co., Ltd., first edition published on March 1, 1973). Also, JP-A Nos.
- the hydrophobizing agent is preferably a monosaccharide or a carbohydrate derivative containing 2 to 10 monosaccharide units (hereinafter referred to as a carbohydrate derivative hydrophobizing agent).
- the monosaccharide or polysaccharide preferably constituting the carbohydrate derivative hydrophobizing agent is characterized in that a substitutable group in the molecule (for example, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a mercapto group, etc.) is substituted.
- a substitutable group in the molecule for example, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a mercapto group, etc.
- structures formed by substitution include alkyl groups, aryl groups, and acyl groups.
- an ether structure formed by substitution with an ester structure an ester structure formed by replacing a hydroxyl group with an acyl group, an amide structure or an imide structure formed by substitution with an amino group, and the like can be given.
- Examples of the monosaccharide or carbohydrate containing 2 to 10 monosaccharide units include, for example, erythrose, threose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, allose, altrose, glucose, fructose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose , Talose, trehalose, isotrehalose, neotrehalose, trehalosamine, caudibiose, nigerose, maltose, maltitol, isomaltose, sophorose, laminaribiose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, lactose, lactosamine, lactitol, lactulose, melibiose, primebelloose, rutiose , Sucrose, sucralose, turanose, vicyanose, cellotriose, cacotriose, gentianose, isomal T
- Examples of the substituent of the carbohydrate derivative hydrophobizing agent include an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, , Methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, hydroxyethyl group, hydroxypropyl group, 2-cyanoethyl group, benzyl group, etc.), aryl group (preferably having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 carbon atoms).
- an alkyl group preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, , Methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, hydroxyethyl group, hydroxypropyl group, 2-cyanoethyl group, benzyl group, etc.
- aryl group
- acyl groups preferably having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as acetyl groups
- Propionyl group butyryl group
- pentanoyl group hexanoyl group
- octanoyl group benzoyl group, toluyl group, phthalyl group, naphthal group, etc. It can be mentioned.
- an amide structure preferably an amide having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as formamide, acetamide, etc.
- imide structures preferably having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms, such as succinimide and phthalimide.
- an alkyl group, an aryl group or an acyl group is more preferable, and an acyl group is particularly preferable.
- carbohydrate derivative hydrophobizing agent examples include the following.
- carbohydrate derivative hydrophobizing agent that can be used in the present invention is not limited to these.
- Xylose tetraacetate glucose pentaacetate, fructose pentaacetate, mannose pentaacetate, galactose pentaacetate, maltose octaacetate, cellobiose octaacetate, sucrose octaacetate, xylitol pentaacetate, sorbitol hexaacetate, xylose tetrapropionate, glucose pentapropioate , Fructose pentapropionate, mannose pentapropionate, galactose pentapropionate, maltose octapropionate, cellobiose octapropionate, sucrose octapropionate, xylitol pentapropionate, sorbitol hexapropionate, Xylose tetrabenzoate, glucose penta Nzoeto, fructose pentabenz
- R each independently represents an arbitrary substituent, and a plurality of R may be the same or different.
- the carbohydrate derivative As a method for obtaining the carbohydrate derivative, it can be obtained as a commercial product from Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd., Aldrich, etc., or known ester derivatization methods for commercially available carbohydrates (for example, JP-A-8-245678). Can be synthesized by carrying out the method described in the publication.
- the carbohydrate derivative hydrophobizing agent can be obtained as a commercially available product from Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd., Aldrich, etc. Can be synthesized by the method described in JP-A-8-245678.
- the addition amount of these hydrophobizing agents is preferably 1 to 20% by mass with respect to cellulose acylate. If the content is 1% by mass or more, the effect of improving the durability of the polarizer can be easily obtained, and if the content is 20% by mass or less, bleeding out hardly occurs. A more preferable addition amount is 2 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 15% by mass.
- the timing for adding these hydrophobizing agents to the cellulose acylate film is not particularly limited as long as it is added at the time of film formation. For example, it may be added at the time of cellulose acylate synthesis, or may be mixed with cellulose acylate during dope preparation.
- the degree of substitution of cellulose acylate means the ratio of acylation of three hydroxyl groups present in the structural unit of cellulose (glucose having a ( ⁇ ) 1,4-glycoside bond).
- the degree of substitution can be calculated by measuring the amount of bound fatty acid per unit mass of cellulose.
- the substitution degree of the cellulose body is determined from the peak intensity ratio of the carbonyl carbon in the acyl group by dissolving the cellulose body in a solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide substituted with deuterium and measuring the 13C-NMR spectrum. Can be calculated.
- the cellulose acylate in the present invention is preferably a cellulose acetate having an acylation degree of 1.50 to 2.98.
- the degree of acylation is more preferably 2.00 to 2.97.
- As the acyl group of the cellulose acylate of the present invention an acetyl group, a propionyl group, and a butyryl group are particularly preferable.
- a mixed fatty acid ester composed of two or more kinds of acyl groups can also be preferably used as the cellulose acylate of the present invention.
- the acyl group is preferably an acetyl group and an acyl group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the substitution degree of the acetyl group is preferably less than 2.5, and more preferably less than 1.9.
- two types of cellulose acylates having different substituents and / or degree of substitution may be used in combination, mixed, or from a plurality of layers composed of different cellulose acylates by the co-casting method described later.
- a film may be formed.
- mixed acid esters having a fatty acid acyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic acyl group described in [0023] to [0038] of JP-A-2008-20896 can also be preferably used in the present invention.
- the cellulose acylate used in the present invention preferably has a mass average polymerization degree of 250 to 800, more preferably 300 to 600.
- the cellulose acylate used in the present invention preferably has a number average molecular weight of 70000 to 230,000, more preferably a number average molecular weight of 75000 to 230,000, and most preferably a number average molecular weight of 78000 to 120,000. preferable.
- the cellulose acylate used in the present invention can be synthesized using an acid anhydride or acid chloride as an acylating agent.
- an organic acid for example, acetic acid
- methylene chloride is used as a reaction solvent.
- a protic catalyst such as sulfuric acid can be used as the catalyst.
- the acylating agent is an acid chloride
- a basic compound can be used as a catalyst.
- cellulose is an organic acid corresponding to acetyl group and other acyl groups (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid) or their acid anhydrides (acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride).
- a cellulose ester is synthesized by esterification with a mixed organic acid component containing.
- cellulose such as cotton linter or wood pulp is activated with an organic acid such as acetic acid and then esterified using a mixture of organic acid components as described above in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst.
- the organic acid anhydride component is generally used in an excess amount relative to the amount of hydroxyl groups present in the cellulose.
- a hydrolysis reaction depolymerization reaction
- the degree of polymerization of the cellulose ester is lowered, and the physical properties of the cellulose ester film to be produced are lowered. Therefore, the reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature are preferably determined in consideration of the degree of polymerization and molecular weight of the resulting cellulose ester.
- the cellulose acylate film in the present invention can be produced by a solvent cast method.
- a film is produced using a solution (dope) in which cellulose acylate is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent is selected from ethers having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, ketones having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, esters having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and halogenated hydrocarbons having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is preferable to include a solvent.
- the ether, ketone and ester may have a cyclic structure.
- a compound having two or more functional groups of the ether, ketone and ester (that is, —O—, —CO— and —COO—) can also be used as the organic solvent.
- the organic solvent may have another functional group such as an alcoholic hydroxyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms is preferably within the above-described preferable range of carbon atoms of the solvent having any functional group.
- Examples of the ether having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include diisopropyl ether, dimethoxymethane, dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole and phenetole.
- Examples of the ketones having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanone.
- esters having 3 to 12 carbon atoms examples include ethyl formate, propyl formate, pentyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and pentyl acetate.
- organic solvent having two or more kinds of functional groups examples include 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, 2-methoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol.
- the number of carbon atoms of the halogenated hydrocarbon having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1.
- the halogen of the halogenated hydrocarbon is preferably chlorine.
- the proportion of halogen atoms in the halogenated hydrocarbon substituted with halogen is preferably 25 to 75 mol%, more preferably 30 to 70 mol%, and more preferably 35 to 65 mol%. More preferably, it is most preferably 40 to 60 mol%.
- Methylene chloride is a representative halogenated hydrocarbon. Two or more kinds of organic solvents may be mixed and used.
- the cellulose acylate solution can be prepared by a general method comprising processing at a temperature of 0 ° C. or higher (room temperature or high temperature).
- the cellulose acylate solution can be prepared using a dope preparation method and apparatus in a normal solvent cast method.
- a halogenated hydrocarbon particularly methylene chloride
- the amount of cellulose acylate in the cellulose acylate solution is adjusted so that it is contained in an amount of 10 to 40% by mass in the resulting solution.
- the amount of cellulose acylate is more preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- Arbitrary additives described later may be added to the organic solvent (main solvent).
- the cellulose acylate solution can be prepared by stirring cellulose acylate and an organic solvent at room temperature (0 to 40 ° C.). High concentration solutions may be stirred under pressure and heating conditions. Specifically, cellulose acylate and an organic solvent are placed in a pressure vessel and sealed, and stirred while heating to a temperature not lower than the boiling point of the solvent at normal temperature and in a range where the solvent does not boil.
- the heating temperature is usually 40 ° C. or higher, preferably 60 to 200 ° C., more preferably 80 to 110 ° C.
- Each component may be roughly mixed in advance and then placed in a container. Moreover, you may put into a container sequentially. The container must be configured to allow stirring. The container can be pressurized by injecting an inert gas such as nitrogen gas. Moreover, you may utilize the raise of the vapor pressure of the solvent by heating. Or after sealing a container, you may add each component under pressure.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen gas
- a jacket type heating device can be used.
- the entire container can also be heated by providing a plate heater outside the container and piping to circulate the liquid.
- Stirring is preferably performed using a stirring blade provided inside the container.
- the stirring blade preferably has a length that reaches the vicinity of the wall of the container.
- a scraping blade is preferably provided at the end of the stirring blade in order to renew the liquid film on the vessel wall.
- instruments such as a pressure gauge and a thermometer may be installed. Each component is dissolved in a solvent in a container.
- the prepared dope is taken out of the container after cooling, or taken out and then cooled using a heat exchanger or the like.
- a cellulose acylate solution can also be prepared by a cooling dissolution method.
- the techniques described in [0115] to [0122] of JP-A-2007-86748 can be used. Then, cellulose acylate can be dissolved in an organic solvent in which it is difficult to dissolve cellulose acylate by a normal dissolution method.
- it is a solvent which can melt
- cellulose acylate is gradually added to an organic solvent with stirring at room temperature.
- the amount of cellulose acylate is preferably adjusted so that it is contained in an amount of 10 to 40% by mass in this mixture.
- the amount of cellulose acylate is more preferably 10 to 30% by mass. Furthermore, you may add the arbitrary additive mentioned later in a mixture.
- the mixture is cooled to ⁇ 100 to ⁇ 10 ° C. (preferably ⁇ 80 to ⁇ 10 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 50 to ⁇ 20 ° C., most preferably ⁇ 50 to ⁇ 30 ° C.).
- the cooling can be performed, for example, in a dry ice / methanol bath ( ⁇ 75 ° C.) or a cooled diethylene glycol solution ( ⁇ 30 to ⁇ 20 ° C.).
- the mixture of the cellulose acylate and the organic solvent is solidified by cooling.
- the cooling rate is preferably 4 ° C./min or more, more preferably 8 ° C./min or more, and most preferably 12 ° C./min or more.
- 10,000 ° C./second is the theoretical upper limit
- 1000 ° C./second is the technical upper limit
- 100 ° C./second is the practical upper limit.
- the cooling rate is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the temperature at the start of cooling and the final cooling temperature by the time from the start of cooling to the final cooling temperature.
- cellulose acylate dissolves in the organic solvent.
- the temperature may be increased by simply leaving it at room temperature or in a warm bath.
- the heating rate is preferably 4 ° C./min or more, more preferably 8 ° C./min or more, and most preferably 12 ° C./min or more. The higher the heating rate, the better.
- 10,000 ° C./second is the theoretical upper limit
- 1000 ° C./second is the technical upper limit
- 100 ° C./second is the practical upper limit.
- the heating rate is the value obtained by dividing the difference between the temperature at the start of heating and the final heating temperature by the time from the start of heating until the final heating temperature is reached. is there.
- a uniform cellulose acylate solution can be obtained. If the dissolution is insufficient, the cooling and heating operations may be repeated. Whether or not the dissolution is sufficient can be determined by merely observing the appearance of the solution with the naked eye.
- the cooling and melting method it is desirable to use a sealed container in order to avoid moisture contamination due to condensation during cooling.
- the cooling and heating operation when the pressure is applied during cooling and the pressure is reduced during heating, the dissolution time can be shortened.
- dissolved cellulose acetate (acetylation degree: 60.9%, viscosity average polymerization degree: 299) in methyl acetate by the cooling dissolution method is.
- this solution is preferably kept at a temperature equal to or higher than the pseudo phase transition temperature, preferably about 10 ° C. plus the gel phase transition temperature.
- this pseudo phase transition temperature varies depending on the degree of acetylation of cellulose acetate, the degree of viscosity average polymerization, the concentration of the solution, and the organic solvent used.
- a cellulose acylate film is produced from the prepared cellulose acylate solution (dope) by a solvent cast method. It is preferable to add a retardation developer to the dope.
- the dope is cast on a drum or band and the solvent is evaporated to form a film.
- the dope before casting is preferably adjusted in concentration so that the solid content is 18 to 35%.
- the surface of the drum or band is preferably finished in a mirror state.
- the dope is preferably cast on a drum or band having a surface temperature of 10 ° C. or less.
- the obtained film can be peeled off from the drum or band and further dried with high-temperature air whose temperature is successively changed from 100 ° C. to 160 ° C. to evaporate the residual solvent.
- the above method is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-17844. According to this method, it is possible to shorten the time from casting to stripping. In order to carry out this method, it is necessary for the dope to gel at the surface temperature of the drum or band during casting.
- cellulose acylate solution Using the prepared cellulose acylate solution (dope), two or more layers can be cast to form a film.
- a cellulose acylate film by a solvent cast method.
- the dope is cast on a drum or band and the solvent is evaporated to form a film.
- the dope before casting is preferably adjusted in concentration so that the solid content is in the range of 10 to 40% by mass.
- the surface of the drum or band is preferably finished in a mirror state.
- a film may be produced while casting and laminating solutions containing cellulose acylate.
- the methods described in JP-A-61-158414, JP-A-1-122419, and JP-A-11-198285 can be used.
- a film can be formed by casting a cellulose acylate solution from two casting ports.
- JP-B-60-27562, JP-A-61-94724, JP-A-61-947245, JP-A-61-104413, JP-A-61-158413, and JP-A-6- The method described in each publication of No. 134933 can be used. Further, the flow of the cellulose acylate film described in JP-A-56-162617 is wrapped in a low-viscosity cellulose acylate solution and the high-low viscosity cellulose acylate solution is extruded simultaneously. A rolling method can also be used.
- the film formed on the support by the first casting port is peeled off, and the second casting is performed on the side in contact with the support surface to produce a film.
- the same solution may be used, or two or more different cellulose acylate solutions may be used.
- a cellulose acylate solution corresponding to the function may be extruded from each casting port.
- the cellulose acylate solution in the present invention can be cast simultaneously with other functional layers (for example, an adhesive layer, a dye layer, an antistatic layer, an antihalation layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer, a polarizing layer, etc.).
- Degradation inhibitors for example, antioxidants, peroxide decomposers, radical inhibitors, metal deactivators, acid scavengers, amines, etc.
- Degradation inhibitors are described in JP-A-3-199201, JP-A-51907073, JP-A-5-194789, JP-A-5-271471, and JP-A-6-107854.
- the addition amount of the deterioration preventing agent is preferably 0.01 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 0.2% by mass of the solution (dope) to be prepared.
- the addition amount is 0.01% by mass or more, the effect of the deterioration inhibitor is sufficiently exhibited, and if the addition amount is 1% by mass or less, the deterioration inhibitor bleeds out to the film surface (bleeding). And the like are less likely to occur.
- particularly preferred deterioration inhibitors include butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tribenzylamine (TBA).
- fine particles as a matting agent to the cellulose acylate film.
- the fine particles used in the present invention include silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcined calcium silicate, hydrated calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate and Mention may be made of calcium phosphate.
- Fine particles containing silicon are preferable in terms of low turbidity, and silicon dioxide is particularly preferable.
- the silicon dioxide fine particles preferably have a primary average particle size of 20 nm or less and an apparent specific gravity of 70 g / liter or more.
- the apparent specific gravity is preferably 90 to 200 g / liter or more, and more preferably 100 to 200 g / liter or more. A larger apparent specific gravity is preferable because a high-concentration dispersion can be produced, and haze and aggregates are improved.
- These fine particles usually form secondary particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m, and these fine particles are present in the film as aggregates of primary particles, and 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m on the film surface. An unevenness of 3.0 ⁇ m is formed.
- the secondary average particle size is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.4 ⁇ m to 1.2 ⁇ m, and most preferably 0.6 ⁇ m to 1.1 ⁇ m.
- the primary and secondary particle sizes were determined by observing the particles in the film with a scanning electron microscope and determining the diameter of a circle circumscribing the particles as the particle size. Also, 200 particles were observed at different locations, and the average value was taken as the average particle size.
- silicon dioxide fine particles for example, commercially available products such as Aerosil R972, R972V, R974, R812, 200, 200V, 300, R202, OX50, TT600 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- Zirconium oxide fine particles are commercially available, for example, under the trade names Aerosil R976 and R811 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and can be used.
- Aerosil 200V and Aerosil R972V are fine particles of silicon dioxide having a primary average particle diameter of 20 nm or less and an apparent specific gravity of 70 g / liter or more, and while maintaining the turbidity of the optical film low, friction This is particularly preferable because the effect of reducing the coefficient is great.
- a fine particle dispersion prepared by stirring and mixing a solvent and fine particles is prepared in advance, and the fine particle dispersion is added to a separately prepared small amount of cellulose acylate solution and dissolved by stirring. Further, a main cellulose acylate solution (dope solution) and There is a way to mix.
- This method is a preferred preparation method in that the dispersibility of the silicon dioxide fine particles is good and the silicon dioxide fine particles are more difficult to reaggregate.
- the concentration of silicon dioxide when the silicon dioxide fine particles are mixed and dispersed with a solvent or the like is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 10 to 25% by mass, and 15 to 20%. Mass% is most preferred. A higher dispersion concentration is preferable because the liquid turbidity with respect to the added amount is lowered, and haze and aggregates are improved.
- the amount of the matting agent fine particles added in the final cellulose acylate dope solution is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 g, more preferably 0.03 to 0.3 g, more preferably 0.08 to 0.16 g per 1 m 3. Most preferred.
- the solvent used is preferably lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol and the like. Although it does not specifically limit as solvents other than a lower alcohol, It is preferable to use the solvent used at the time of film forming of a cellulose ester.
- the winder used for producing the cellulose acylate film in the present invention may be a commonly used winding machine such as a constant tension method, a constant torque method, a taper tension method, or a program tension control method with a constant internal stress. It can be wound up by a take-up method.
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention can be stretched.
- a desired retardation can be imparted to the cellulose acylate film by stretching.
- the stretching direction of the cellulose acylate film is preferably either the width direction or the longitudinal direction. Methods for stretching in the width direction are described in, for example, JP-A-62-115035, JP-A-4-152125, JP-A-4284221, JP-A-4-298310, and JP-A-11-48271. Yes.
- the film is stretched under heating conditions.
- the film can be stretched by a treatment during drying, and is particularly effective when the solvent remains.
- the film is stretched by adjusting the speed of the film transport roller so that the film winding speed is higher than the film peeling speed.
- the film can also be stretched by conveying while holding the width of the film with a tenter and gradually widening the width of the tenter. After the film is dried, it can be stretched using a stretching machine (preferably uniaxial stretching using a long stretching machine).
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is preferably stretched at a temperature of (Tg ⁇ 5 ° C.) to (Tg + 40 ° C.) using the glass transition temperature Tg of the cellulose acylate film, and (Tg) to (Tg + 35 ° C.). ) Is more preferable, and (Tg + 5 ° C.) to (Tg + 30 ° C.) is particularly preferable. In the case of a dry film, 130 ° C. to 200 ° C. is preferable. Further, when stretching is performed with the dope solvent remaining after casting, stretching can be performed at a temperature lower than that of the dry film, and in this case, 100 ° C. to 170 ° C. is preferable.
- the stretch ratio of the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is preferably 1% to 200%, more preferably 5% to 150%.
- stretching in the width direction is preferably 1% to 200%, more preferably 5% to 150%, and particularly preferably 30 to 45%.
- the stretching speed is preferably 1% / min to 300% / min, more preferably 10% / min to 300% / min, and most preferably 30% / min to 300% / min.
- the stretched cellulose acylate film in the present invention is stretched to the maximum stretch ratio, and then is subjected to a step of holding at a stretch ratio lower than the maximum stretch ratio for a certain time (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “relaxation process”). Preferably it is manufactured.
- the stretching ratio in the relaxation step is preferably 50% to 99% of the maximum stretching ratio, more preferably 70% to 97%, and most preferably 90% to 95%.
- the relaxation step time is preferably 1 second to 120 seconds, and more preferably 5 seconds to 100 seconds.
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention can be preferably produced by including a shrinking step of shrinking while gripping the film in the width direction.
- the film width is held by a pantograph type or linear motor type tenter.
- the film can be shrunk by gradually narrowing the interval between the clips in the conveying direction while stretching in the direction.
- Ichikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. is a stretching apparatus that specifically performs a stretching process that stretches either the longitudinal direction or the width direction of the film as described above, simultaneously shrinks the other, and simultaneously increases the film thickness of the film.
- a company-made FITZ machine or the like can be desirably used. This apparatus is described in (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-38802).
- the stretching ratio in the stretching step and the shrinkage rate in the shrinking step can be arbitrarily selected depending on the target in-plane retardation Re and the thickness direction retardation Rth. It is preferable that the draw ratio is 10% or more and the shrinkage rate in the shrinking step is 5% or more. In particular, it preferably includes a stretching step of stretching 10% or more in the width direction of the film and a shrinking step of contracting the transport direction of the film by 5% or more while holding the film in the width direction of the film.
- the shrinkage rate as used in the field of this invention means the ratio of the contracted length of the film after contraction with respect to the length of the film before contraction in the contraction direction.
- the shrinkage is preferably 5 to 40%, particularly preferably 10 to 30%.
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention preferably satisfies the relationships of the following formulas (1) to (4). 0 nm ⁇ Re ⁇ 300 nm Formula (1) ⁇ 50 nm ⁇ Rth ⁇ 400 nm Formula (2) 0.1% ⁇ ⁇ (Re at 25 ° C., relative humidity 10%) ⁇ (Re at 25 ° C., relative humidity 80%) ⁇ / (Re at 25 ° C., relative humidity 60%) ⁇ 20% Formula ( 3) 0.1% ⁇ ⁇ (Rth at 25 ° C. and relative humidity of 10%) ⁇ (Rth at 25 ° C. and relative humidity of 80%) ⁇ / (Rth at 25 ° C. and relative humidity of 60%) ⁇ 20% Formula ( 4)
- Re is preferably 0 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably 0 nm to 150 nm.
- Rth is preferably ⁇ 30 nm to 350 nm, and more preferably ⁇ 10 nm to 300 nm.
- the value of ⁇ (Re at 25 ° C., relative humidity 10%) ⁇ (Re at 25 ° C., relative humidity 80%) ⁇ / (Re at 25 ° C., relative humidity 60%) is 0.1. % To 10% is more preferable.
- Re ( ⁇ ) and Rth ( ⁇ ) respectively represent in-plane retardation and retardation in the thickness direction at a wavelength ⁇ .
- the terms “Re” and “Rth” refer to Re and Rth at a wavelength of 548 nm, unless otherwise specified.
- Re ( ⁇ ) is measured by making light having a wavelength of ⁇ nm incident in the normal direction of the film in KOBRA 21ADH or WR (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is calculated by the following method.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is Re ( ⁇ ), with the in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) as the tilt axis (rotation axis) (in the absence of the slow axis, any in-plane value)
- the light of wavelength ⁇ nm is incident from each of the inclined directions in steps of 10 degrees from the normal direction to 50 degrees on one side with respect to the film normal direction (with the direction of the rotation axis as the rotation axis).
- KOBRA 21ADH or WR is calculated based on the measured retardation value, the assumed average refractive index, and the input film thickness value.
- Re ( ⁇ ) represents a retardation value in a direction inclined by an angle ⁇ from the normal direction.
- nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane
- ny represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to nx in the plane
- nz represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to nx and ny.
- d represents the thickness of the film.
- Rth ((nx + ny) / 2 ⁇ nz) ⁇ d Formula (22)
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is calculated by the following method.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is from ⁇ 50 degrees to +50 degrees with respect to the normal direction of the film, with Re ( ⁇ ) being the in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) as the tilt axis (rotation axis)
- Re ( ⁇ ) being the in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) as the tilt axis (rotation axis)
- the light of wavelength ⁇ nm is incident from each inclined direction in 10 degree steps and measured at 11 points.
- KOBRA 21ADH or WR Based on the measured retardation value, the assumed average refractive index, and the input film thickness value, KOBRA 21ADH or WR is calculated.
- the assumed value of the average refractive index values in the polymer handbook (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) and catalogs of various optical films can be used. Those whose average refractive index is not known can be measured with an Abbe refractometer.
- the average refractive index values of main optical films are exemplified below: cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49), Polystyrene (1.59).
- KOBRA 21ADH or WR calculates nx, ny, and nz.
- Nz (nx ⁇ nz) / (nx ⁇ ny) is further calculated from the calculated nx, ny, and nz.
- the thickness of the cellulose acylate film in the invention is preferably 30 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and most preferably 30 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- the glass transition temperature of cellulose acylate film is measured by the following method.
- a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring apparatus (vibron: DVA-225 (made by IT Measurement Control Co., Ltd.)) after conditioning the cellulose acylate film sample 24 mm ⁇ 36 mm of the present invention for 2 hours or more at 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60%. Then, the distance between the grips was 20 mm, the temperature rising rate was 2 ° C./min, the measurement temperature range was 30 ° C. to 200 ° C., and the frequency was 1 Hz.
- the glass transition temperature Tg was determined by the method described in FIG. 3 of K7121-1987.
- the equilibrium water content of the cellulose acylate film of the present invention at 25 ° C. and 80% relative humidity is preferably 0 to 5.0%. More preferably, the content is 0.1 to 4.0%. If the equilibrium moisture content is 5.0% or less, the glass transition temperature drop of the cellulose acylate film due to the plasticizing effect of water is small, which is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the deterioration of the polarizer performance under high temperature and high humidity.
- the water content was measured by measuring the cellulose acylate film sample 7 mm ⁇ 35 mm of the present invention by the Karl Fischer method using a moisture measuring device and a sample drying apparatus (CA-03, VA-05, both Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). . It was calculated by dividing the amount of water (g) by the sample weight (g).
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention can be used as a polarizing plate protective film by imparting adhesion to a polarizer material such as polyvinyl alcohol by alkali saponification treatment.
- a polarizer material such as polyvinyl alcohol
- the saponification method is described in [0211] and [0212] of JP-A-2007-86748, and the method of making a polarizer of a polarizing plate, the optical characteristics of the polarizing plate, etc. are described in [0213] to [0255] of the same publication. Based on these descriptions, a polarizing plate using the film of the present invention as a protective film can be produced.
- the alkali saponification treatment for the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is preferably performed in a cycle in which the film surface is immersed in an alkali solution, neutralized with an acidic solution, washed with water and dried.
- the alkaline solution include a potassium hydroxide solution and a sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of hydroxide ions is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 mol / L, and preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mol / L. More preferably, it is in the range of L.
- the alkaline solution temperature is preferably in the range of room temperature to 90 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 40 to 70 ° C.
- a polarizing plate generally comprises a polarizer and two transparent protective films disposed on both sides thereof.
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention can be used.
- the other protective film may be a normal cellulose acetate film.
- the polarizer include an iodine polarizer, a dye polarizer using a dichroic dye, and a polyene polarizer.
- the iodine polarizer and the dye polarizer are generally produced using a polyvinyl alcohol film.
- the method for producing the polarizing plate is not particularly limited, and can be produced by a general method.
- the polarizing plate is composed of a polarizer and a protective film that protects both surfaces of the polarizer, and is further constructed by laminating a protective film on one surface of the polarizing plate and a separate film on the opposite surface.
- the protective film and the separate film are used for the purpose of protecting the polarizing plate at the time of shipping the polarizing plate and at the time of product inspection.
- the protect film is bonded for the purpose of protecting the surface of the polarizing plate, and is used on the side opposite to the surface where the polarizing plate is bonded to the liquid crystal plate.
- a separate film is used in order to cover the contact bonding layer bonded to a liquid crystal plate, and is used for the surface side which bonds a polarizing plate to a liquid crystal plate.
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is preferably bonded to the polarizer so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the cellulose acylate film of the present invention are substantially parallel.
- the transmission axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the cellulose acylate film of the present invention are substantially parallel.
- being substantially parallel means that the deviation between the direction of the main refractive index nx of the cellulose acylate film of the present invention and the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate is within 5 °. It is preferable that the angle is within 0 °, preferably within 0.5 °.
- the orthogonal transmittance CT of the polarizing plate was measured using UV3100PC (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). In the measurement, measurement was performed in the range of 380 nm to 780 nm, and the average value of 10 measurements was used.
- the polarizing plate durability test was performed as follows in two types of forms in which (1) only the polarizing plate and (2) the polarizing plate were bonded to glass via an adhesive.
- the orthogonal transmittance CT is CT ⁇ 2.0, and as a more preferable range, CT ⁇ 1.3 (the unit is%).
- the amount of change is preferably smaller.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention is the amount of change ⁇ CT240 (%) in the orthogonal transmittance when allowed to stand at 60 ° C. and 90% relative humidity for 240 hours or when left at 60 ° C. and 95% relative humidity for 240 hours. It is preferable that the change amount ⁇ CT1000 (%) of the orthogonal transmittance satisfies at least one of the following formulas (j) and (k).
- the amount of change is a value obtained by subtracting the measured value before the test from the measured value after the test.
- the above formula (j) or (k) it is preferable because stability of the polarizing plate can be ensured during use or storage for a long time under high temperature and high humidity.
- the polarizing plate in the present invention is a function that is combined with an optical film having functional layers such as an antireflection film, a brightness enhancement film, a hard coat layer, a forward scattering layer, and an antiglare (antiglare) layer for improving display visibility. It is also preferably used as a polarizing plate.
- the antireflection film, brightness enhancement film, other functional optical film, hard coat layer, forward scattering layer, and antiglare layer for functionalization are described in JP-A-2007-86748, [0257] to [0276].
- a functionalized polarizing plate can be created based on these descriptions.
- the polarizing plate in the present invention can be used in combination with an antireflection film.
- an antireflection film either a film having a reflectivity of about 1.5% only by applying a single layer of a low refractive index material such as a fluorine-based polymer, or a film having a reflectivity of 1% or less using multilayer interference of a thin film is used. it can.
- a structure in which a low refractive index layer and at least one layer having a higher refractive index than that of the low refractive index layer (that is, a high refractive index layer and a middle refractive index layer) is laminated on a transparent support is preferably used.
- the refractive index of each layer satisfies the following relationship. Refractive index of high refractive index layer> refractive index of medium refractive index layer> refractive index of transparent support> refractive index of low refractive index layer
- the transparent support used for the antireflection film the transparent polymer film used for the protective film for the polarizer described above can be preferably used.
- the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is preferably 1.20 to 1.55, more preferably 1.30 to 1.50.
- the low refractive index layer is preferably used as an outermost layer having scratch resistance and antifouling properties. In order to improve the scratch resistance, it is also preferable to impart slipperiness to the surface using a material such as a silicone-containing compound containing a silicone group or a fluorine-containing compound containing fluorine.
- the fluorine-containing compound examples include JP-A-9-222503 [0018] to [0026], JP-A-11-38202 [0019] to [0030], JP-A-2001-40284 [0027] to [0027]. [0028]
- the compounds described in JP-A No. 2000-284102 and the like can be preferably used.
- the silicone-containing compound is preferably a compound having a polysiloxane structure, but reactive silicone (for example, Silaplane (manufactured by Chisso), polysiloxane having silanol groups at both ends (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- An organometallic compound such as a silane coupling agent and a specific fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group-containing silane coupling agent may be cured by a condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-1993). 142958, 58-147483, 58-147484, JP-A-9-157582, 11-106704, JP-A-2000-117902, 2001-48590, 2002 -Compounds described in Japanese Patent No.
- the low refractive index layer has an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 150 nm such as fillers (for example, silicon dioxide (silica), fluorine-containing particles (magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride)) as additives other than the above. It is also preferable to include an inorganic compound having a low refractive index, organic fine particles described in [0020] to [0038] of JP-A No. 11-3820, silane coupling agents, slip agents, surfactants, and the like. Can do.
- fillers for example, silicon dioxide (silica), fluorine-containing particles (magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride)
- inorganic compound having a low refractive index organic fine particles described in [0020] to [0038] of JP-A No. 11-3820, silane coupling agents, slip agents, surfactants, and the like. Can do.
- the low refractive index layer may be formed by a vapor phase method (vacuum deposition method, sputtering method, ion plating method, plasma CVD method, etc.), but may be formed by a coating method because it can be manufactured at low cost. preferable.
- a coating method dip coating, air knife coating, curtain coating, roller coating, wire bar coating, gravure coating, and micro gravure can be preferably used.
- the film thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably 30 to 200 nm, more preferably 50 to 150 nm, and most preferably 60 to 120 nm.
- the medium refractive index layer and the high refractive index layer preferably have a configuration in which ultrafine particles of high refractive index having an average particle size of 100 nm or less are dispersed in a matrix material.
- Inorganic compound fine particles having a high refractive index include inorganic compounds having a refractive index of 1.65 or more, for example, oxides such as Ti, Zn, Sb, Sn, Zr, Ce, Ta, La, and In, and metal atoms thereof.
- a composite oxide or the like can be preferably used.
- Such ultrafine particles may be obtained by treating the particle surface with a surface treatment agent (silane coupling agent, etc .: JP-A Nos.
- an organic metal coupling agent Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-310432, etc.
- a core-shell structure with high refractive index particles as a core Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-166104, etc.
- a specific dispersant is used together (for example, And JP-A-11-153703, US Pat. No. 6,210,858B1, JP-A-2002-27776069, etc.).
- thermoplastic resins, curable resin films, and the like can be used, but JP-A 2000-47004, 2001-315242, 2001-31871, 2001-296401. It is also possible to use a curable film obtained from a polyfunctional material described in JP-A-2001-293818 or a metal alkoxide composition described in JP-A-2001-293818.
- the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is preferably 1.70 to 2.20.
- the thickness of the high refractive index layer is preferably 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the refractive index of the medium refractive index layer is adjusted to be a value between the refractive index of the low refractive index layer and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer.
- the refractive index of the middle refractive index layer is preferably 1.50 to 1.70.
- the haze of the antireflection film is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less.
- the strength of the film is preferably H or higher, more preferably 2H or higher, and most preferably 3H or higher, in a pencil hardness test according to JIS K5400.
- the polarizing plate in the present invention can be used in combination with a brightness enhancement film.
- the brightness enhancement film has a function of separating circularly polarized light or linearly polarized light, and is disposed between the polarizing plate and the backlight, and reflects or backscatters one circularly polarized light or linearly polarized light to the backlight side. Re-reflected light from the backlight part partially changes the polarization state and partially transmits when re-entering the brightness enhancement film and the polarizing plate, so the light utilization rate is improved by repeating this process. The front luminance is improved to about 1.4 times.
- an anisotropic reflection system and an anisotropic scattering system are known, and both can be combined with the polarizing plate in the present invention.
- a brightness enhancement film having anisotropy in reflectance and transmittance is known by laminating a uniaxially stretched film and an unstretched film in multiple layers to increase the difference in refractive index in the stretching direction.
- Multilayer film systems using the principle of dielectric mirrors (described in the specifications of WO95 / 17691, WO95 / 17692, and WO95 / 17699) and cholesteric liquid crystals A method (described in the specification of European Patent 606940A2 and JP-A-8-271731) is known.
- DBEF-E, DBEF-D, and DBEF-M are used as multi-layer brightness enhancement films using the principle of dielectric mirrors, and NIPOCS (Nitto Denko Corporation) as a cholesteric liquid crystal brightness enhancement film. )) Is preferably used in the present invention.
- NIPOCS Nitto Giho, vol. 38, no. 1, May, 2000, pages 19 to 21 and the like.
- the polarizing plate in the present invention is further combined with a functional optical film provided with a hard coat layer, a forward scattering layer, an antiglare (antiglare) layer, a gas barrier layer, a sliding layer, an antistatic layer, an undercoat layer, a protective layer and the like. It is also preferable to use it.
- These functional layers are also preferably used in combination with each other in the same layer as the antireflection layer or the optically anisotropic layer in the above-described antireflection film.
- These functional layers can be used by providing them on one side or both sides of the polarizer side and the side opposite to the polarizer (the side on the air side).
- the polarizing plate in the present invention imparts mechanical strength such as scratch resistance, it is preferably combined with a functional optical film having a hard coat layer provided on the surface of the transparent support.
- a functional optical film having a hard coat layer provided on the surface of the transparent support.
- the hard coat layer is preferably formed by a crosslinking reaction or a polymerization reaction of a curable compound by light and / or heat.
- the curable functional group is preferably a photopolymerizable functional group, or the hydrolyzable functional group-containing organometallic compound is preferably an organic alkoxysilyl compound.
- compositions of the hard coat layer for example, those described in JP-A Nos. 2002-144913, 2000-9908 and WO 00/46617 can be preferably used.
- the film thickness of the hard coat layer is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the strength of the hard coat layer is preferably H or higher, more preferably 2H or higher, and most preferably 3H or higher in a pencil hardness test according to JIS K5400. Further, in the Taber test according to JIS K5400, the smaller the wear amount of the test piece before and after the test, the better.
- a compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated group or a compound containing a ring-opening polymerizable group can be used, and these compounds can be used alone or in combination.
- Preferred examples of the compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated group include ethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol.
- Polyacrylates of polyols such as hexaacrylate; epoxy acrylates such as diacrylate of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, diacrylate of hexanediol diglycidyl ether; obtained by reaction of polyisocyanate and hydroxyl group-containing acrylate such as hydroxyethyl acrylate
- epoxy acrylates such as diacrylate of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, diacrylate of hexanediol diglycidyl ether; obtained by reaction of polyisocyanate and hydroxyl group-containing acrylate such as hydroxyethyl acrylate
- Examples of preferred compounds include urethane acrylates.
- Preferred examples of the compound containing a ring-opening polymerizable group include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, trimethylol ethane triglycidyl ether, trimethylol propane triglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether as glycidyl ethers. Triglycidyl trishydroxyethyl isocyanurate, sorbitol tetraglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycyl ether, polyglycidyl ether of cresol novolac resin, polyglycidyl ether of phenol novolac resin, etc.
- a polymer of glycidyl (meth) acrylate or a copolymer of a monomer that can be copolymerized with glycidyl (meth) acrylate may be used for the hard coat layer.
- oxide fine particles such as silicon, titanium, zirconium, and aluminum are used to reduce curing shrinkage of the hard coat layer, improve adhesion to the substrate, and reduce curling of the hard coat treated article in the present invention. It is also preferable to add crosslinked fine particles such as crosslinked fine particles such as polyethylene, polystyrene, poly (meth) acrylic acid esters, polydimethylsiloxane, etc., and fine organic particles such as fine crosslinked rubber particles such as SBR and NBR.
- the average particle size of these crosslinked fine particles is preferably 1 nm to 20000 nm.
- the shape of the crosslinked fine particles can be used without particular limitation, such as a spherical shape, a rod shape, a needle shape, or a plate shape.
- the addition amount of the fine particles is preferably 60% by volume or less, more preferably 40% by volume or less of the hard coat layer after curing.
- the affinity with the binder polymer since the affinity with the binder polymer is generally poor, it contains a metal such as silicon, aluminum, titanium, and the alkoxide group, carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, phosphonic acid group, etc. It is also preferable to perform a surface treatment using a surface treatment agent having a functional group of
- the hard coat layer is preferably cured using heat or active energy rays.
- active energy rays such as radiation, gamma rays, alpha rays, electron rays, and ultraviolet rays are more preferred, and safety and productivity are improved.
- an electron beam or an ultraviolet ray it is particularly preferable to use an electron beam or an ultraviolet ray.
- the heating temperature is preferably 140 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 ° C. or lower.
- the forward scattering layer is used to improve the viewing angle characteristics (hue and luminance distribution) in the vertical and horizontal directions when the polarizing plate of the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device.
- the forward scattering layer preferably has a configuration in which fine particles having different refractive indexes are dispersed in a binder.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-38208 in which the forward scattering coefficient is specified, the relative refractive index between the transparent resin and the fine particles is in a specific range.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-199809 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-107512 that have a haze value of 40% or more can be used.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention is used in combination with “Lumisty” described in Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Technical Report “Photofunctional Films” on pages 31-39 in order to control the viewing angle characteristics of haze. Can also be preferably performed.
- the antiglare (antiglare) layer is used to scatter reflected light and prevent reflection.
- the antiglare function is obtained by forming irregularities on the outermost surface (display side) of the liquid crystal display device.
- the haze of the optical film having an antiglare function is preferably 3 to 30%, more preferably 5 to 20%, and most preferably 7 to 20%.
- a method for forming irregularities on the film surface for example, a method for forming irregularities on the film surface by adding fine particles (for example, JP 2000-271878 A), relatively large particles (particle size 0.05-2 ⁇ m). ) Is added in a small amount (0.1 to 50% by mass) (for example, JP-A Nos.
- a method of physically transferring the concavo-convex shape onto the film surface (for example, as an embossing method, JP-A-63-278839, JP-A-11-183710, JP-A-2000-275401) Etc.) can be preferably used.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- a liquid crystal display device 10 includes a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal layer 5 and a liquid crystal cell upper electrode substrate 3 and a liquid crystal cell lower electrode substrate 6 disposed above and below, and upper polarizing plates disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell. 1 and the lower polarizing plate 8.
- a color filter may be disposed between the liquid crystal cell and each polarizing plate.
- a cold cathode or hot cathode fluorescent tube, or a backlight having a light emitting diode, a field emission element, or an electroluminescent element as a light source is disposed on the back surface.
- the upper polarizing plate 1 and the lower polarizing plate 8 each have a structure in which a polarizer is sandwiched between two protective films, and the liquid crystal display device 10 of the present invention is a liquid crystal cell of one polarizing plate.
- the protective film on the side preferably has the characteristics of the above formulas (1) to (4).
- the liquid crystal display device 10 of the present invention is preferably laminated in the order of the transparent protective film, the polarizer and the cellulose acylate film of the present invention from the outside of the device (the side far from the liquid crystal cell).
- the liquid crystal display device 10 includes an image direct view type, an image projection type, and a light modulation type.
- the present invention is effective for an active matrix liquid crystal display device using a three-terminal or two-terminal semiconductor element such as TFT or MIM.
- TFT or MIM three-terminal or two-terminal semiconductor element
- it is also effective in a passive matrix liquid crystal display device typified by STN mode called time-division driving.
- the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is preferably in the VA mode.
- the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 5 in FIG. 1 is preferably set to about 3.5 ⁇ m.
- the brightness at the time of white display changes depending on the magnitude of the product ⁇ nd of the thickness d and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n. Therefore, in order to obtain the maximum brightness, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is set to be in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the absorption axis 2 of the upper polarizing plate 1 of the liquid crystal cell and the absorption axis 9 of the lower polarizing plate 8 are laminated substantially orthogonally.
- a transparent electrode (not shown) is formed inside each alignment film of the liquid crystal cell upper electrode substrate 3 and the liquid crystal cell lower electrode substrate 6, but in a non-driving state where no driving voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal layer 5
- the liquid crystal molecules therein are aligned substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface, and as a result, the polarization state of the light passing through the liquid crystal panel hardly changes. That is, the liquid crystal display device realizes an ideal black display in the non-driven state.
- the liquid crystal molecules are inclined in a direction parallel to the substrate surface, and the light passing through the liquid crystal panel changes the polarization state by the inclined liquid crystal molecules.
- white display is obtained in the driving state.
- reference numerals 4 and 7 denote orientation control directions.
- a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy so that liquid crystal molecules respond perpendicularly to the electric field direction.
- a liquid crystal material having a positive dielectric anisotropy is used.
- the addition of a chiral agent generally used in a TN mode liquid crystal display device is rarely used to degrade dynamic response characteristics, but in order to reduce alignment defects. Sometimes added.
- VA mode features high-speed response and high contrast.
- the contrast is high in the front, but there is a problem that it is deteriorated in the oblique direction.
- the liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the substrate surface.
- the liquid crystal molecules have almost no birefringence, so the transmittance is low and high contrast can be obtained.
- birefringence occurs in the liquid crystal molecules.
- the crossing angle of the upper and lower polarizing plate absorption axes is 90 ° perpendicular to the front, but is larger than 90 ° when viewed from an oblique direction. Because of these two factors, leakage light occurs in the oblique direction, and the contrast is lowered.
- the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is disposed as an optical compensation sheet (retardation film).
- liquid crystal molecules are tilted during white display, but the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules when viewed from an oblique direction differs between the tilt direction and the opposite direction, resulting in differences in brightness and color tone.
- the viewing angle characteristics are averaged by inclining liquid crystal molecules into a plurality of different regions within one pixel by applying an electric field.
- the electrode is provided with slits or protrusions, and the electric field direction is changed or the electric field density is biased.
- the number of divisions may be increased, but a substantially uniform viewing angle can be obtained by dividing into four or eight or more.
- the polarizing plate absorption axis can be set at an arbitrary angle when dividing into eight.
- liquid crystal molecules are difficult to respond at the boundary of the alignment division. For this reason, in normally black display, since black display is maintained, a reduction in luminance becomes a problem. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the boundary region by adding a chiral agent to the liquid crystal material.
- Example 1 [Preparation of cellulose acylate film] (Preparation of cellulose acylate solution) The following composition was put into a mixing tank and stirred to dissolve each component to prepare a cellulose acylate solution 1.
- ⁇ Composition of Cellulose Acylate Solution 1 ⁇ Cellulose acetate having an acetyl substitution degree of 2.76 and a polymerization degree of 350 100.0 parts by mass Polyhydric alcohol ester 4 10.0 parts by mass Methylene chloride (first solvent) 402.0 parts by mass Methanol (second solvent) 60.0 parts by mass Department ⁇
- composition of Matte Solution 2 Silica particles having an average particle size of 20 nm (AEROSIL R972, Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 2.0 parts by weight Methylene chloride (first solvent) 75.0 parts by weight Methanol (second solvent) 12.7 parts by weight
- the cellulose acylate solution 1 10.3 parts by weight
- Hydrogen bonding compound (A-16) 20.0 parts by mass Methylene chloride (first solvent) 67.2 parts by mass Methanol (second solvent) 10.0 parts by mass
- the cellulose acylate solution 1 12.8 parts by mass ⁇
- 1.3 parts by mass of the matting agent solution 2 and 3.1 parts by mass of the hydrogen bonding compound solution 3 were mixed using an in-line mixer after filtration, and 95.6 parts by mass of the cellulose acylate solution 1 was added. And mixed using an in-line mixer.
- the mixed solution was cast using a band casting machine, dried at 100 ° C. to a residual solvent content of 40%, and then the film was peeled off.
- the peeled film was stretched transversely at a draw ratio of 35% using a tenter when the residual solvent content reached 20% at an atmospheric temperature of 140 ° C., and further held at 130 ° C. for 3 minutes. Thereafter, the clip holding the film was removed and the film was dried at 130 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a cellulose acylate film of Example 1.
- the produced cellulose acylate film had a residual solvent amount of 0.1% and a film thickness of 60 ⁇ m.
- Examples 2 to 10, Comparative Examples 1 to 14 [Production of Cellulose Acylate Films of Examples 2 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14] In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the degree of substitution of cellulose acylate, the type and amount of each additive, the stretching temperature and the stretching ratio, and the film thickness were changed as described in Tables 11 to 14 below, Examples 2 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14 were prepared.
- the amount of the additive represents a part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cellulose acylate resin.
- the cellulose acylate films of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14 produced as described above were measured at 25 ° C. and relative humidity using an automatic birefringence meter (KOBRA-WR, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments). Re and Rth at a wavelength of 548 nm in each case of 10%, 60%, and 80% were measured.
- KOBRA-WR automatic birefringence meter
- Re humidity dependency ⁇ (Re at 25 ° C., relative humidity 10%) ⁇ (Re at 25 ° C., relative humidity 80%) ⁇ / (Re at 25 ° C., relative humidity 60%)
- Rth humidity dependency ⁇ (Rth at 25 ° C., relative humidity 10%) ⁇ (Rth at 25 ° C., relative humidity 80%) ⁇ / (Rth at 25 ° C., relative humidity 60%)
- a polarizer was produced by adsorbing iodine to a stretched polyvinyl alcohol film.
- the saponified cellulose acylate film of Example 1 was attached to one side of the polarizer using a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive.
- a commercially available cellulose triacetate film (Fujitac TD80UF, manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) was subjected to the same saponification treatment, and the prepared cellulose acylate film of Example 1 was attached using a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive.
- a cellulose triacetate film after saponification treatment was attached to the surface of the polarizer on the opposite side.
- the transmission axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the prepared cellulose acylate film of Example 1 were arranged in parallel. Further, the transmission axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the commercially available cellulose triacetate film were arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other. Thus, the polarizing plate of Example 1 was produced.
- the cellulose acylate films of Examples 2 to 10 and the cellulose acylate films of Comparative Examples 1 to 14 were respectively subjected to saponification treatment and polarizing plate preparation in the same manner as in Example 1, and the polarizing plates of Examples 2 to 10 and The polarizing plates of Comparative Examples 1 to 14 were prepared.
- the polarizing plate using the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is a case where a cellulose acylate resin having the same acyl substitution degree is used, and includes a hydrophobizing agent within the scope of the present invention.
- a cellulose acylate resin having the same acyl substitution degree is used, and includes a hydrophobizing agent within the scope of the present invention.
- Comparative Examples that is, Comparative Examples 2 to 4, 6, 7, and 9
- Comparative Examples 2 to 4, 6, 7, and 9 containing a hydrogen bonding compound within the scope of the present invention it was dependent on environmental humidity. It was found that the change in Re and Rth was small, and the deterioration of the polarizer after aging under high temperature and high humidity was small.
- the polarizing plate using the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is a case where a cellulose acylate resin having the same acyl substitution degree is used, including a hydrophobizing agent within the scope of the present invention, and a hydrogen within the scope of the present invention.
- a cellulose acylate resin having the same acyl substitution degree is used, including a hydrophobizing agent within the scope of the present invention, and a hydrogen within the scope of the present invention.
- the polarizing plate using the cellulose acylate film of the present invention is more polarizing than the polarizing plate using the cellulose acylate films of Comparative Examples 11 to 14 in which neither a hydrophobizing agent nor a hydrogen bonding compound is added. It was found that changes in Re and Rth depending on the environmental humidity were remarkably improved while maintaining the child durability. Further, when Comparative Examples 11 to 14 were compared with a comparative example in which only a hydrophobizing agent was added or a comparative example in which only a hydrogen bonding compound was added, either one of the additives was compared. It has also been found that the addition is insufficiently improved.
- the polarizing plate using the cellulose acylate film of the present invention has a small retardation change depending on the environmental humidity, and the polarizer is deteriorated when it is bonded to the polarizing plate and aged at high temperature and high humidity. I found that it can be suppressed.
- Example 11 [Production of liquid crystal display device]
- the crossed Nicols were arranged so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the viewer side was in the vertical direction and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the backlight side was in the horizontal direction.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention produced in this way has a small contrast change and color change when observed from an oblique direction even when the environmental humidity is changed compared to a commercially available liquid crystal television, and for a long time under high temperature and high humidity. Even when used, the decrease in contrast was small and preferred.
- Example 401 (Preparation of cellulose acylate) Cellulose acylate was synthesized by the method described in JP-A Nos. 10-45804 and 08-231761, and the degree of substitution was measured. Specifically, sulfuric acid (7.8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cellulose) was added as a catalyst, carboxylic acid serving as a raw material for the acyl substituent was added, and an acylation reaction was performed at 40 ° C. At this time, the kind and substitution degree of the acyl group were adjusted by adjusting the kind and amount of the carboxylic acid. In addition, aging was performed at 40 ° C. after acylation. Further, the low molecular weight component of the cellulose acylate was removed by washing with acetone.
- the obtained cellulose acylate solution S01 for a high substitution degree layer had a solid content concentration of 20.0% by mass and a viscosity of 30 Pa ⁇ s.
- the cellulose acylate solution C01 for the low substitution layer has a film thickness of 56 ⁇ m
- the cellulose acylate solution S01 for the high substitution layer has a film thickness of 2 ⁇ m and each has a skin A layer and a skin B layer.
- the obtained web (film) was peeled from the band, sandwiched between clips, and stretched 1.08 times at 140 ° C. using a tenter when the residual solvent amount was 20 to 5% relative to the total mass of the film. Then, after removing the clip from the film and drying at 130 ° C. for 20 minutes, the film was further stretched 1.2 times again at 180 ° C.
- Residual solvent amount (% by mass) ⁇ (MN) / N ⁇ ⁇ 100
- M is a mass of the web at an arbitrary time point
- N is a mass when the web of which M is measured is dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours.
- Example 401 the same procedure as in Example 401 was performed, except that the type of hydrophobizing agent added to the cellulose acylate solution for the low substitution degree layer and / or the type of hydrogen bonding compound was changed to the contents shown in Table 15.
- the polarizing plate protective films of Examples 402 to 420 and the polarizing plate protective films of Comparative Examples 501 to 508, 511 and 512 were prepared.
- Comparative Example 507 in Table 15 Compound U-6 did not dissolve in the dope.
- Example 421 (Creation of polarizing plate protective film 421)
- the low-substituted-layer cellulose acylate solution C01 prepared in Example 421 was formed to have a film thickness of 90 ⁇ m, and the high-substituted-layer cellulose acylate solution S01 was formed into a skin A layer and a skin B having a film thickness of 3 ⁇ m each. Each was cast to form a layer.
- the obtained web (film) was peeled from the band, sandwiched between clips, and stretched 1.3 times at 140 ° C. using a tenter when the residual solvent amount relative to the total mass of the film was 20 to 5%. Thereafter, the clip was removed from the film and dried at 130 ° C.
- Residual solvent amount (% by mass) ⁇ (MN) / N ⁇ ⁇ 100
- M is a mass of the web at an arbitrary time point
- N is a mass when the web of which M is measured is dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours.
- Example 421 the same procedure as in Example 421 was performed, except that the type of hydrophobizing agent added to the cellulose acylate solution for the low substitution degree layer and / or the type of hydrogen bonding compound was changed to the contents of Table 16.
- Polarizing plate protective films 421 to 430 of Examples 422 to 430 and polarizing plate protective films 521 and 522 of Comparative Examples 521 and 522 were produced.
- the wavelength when Re and Rth measurements, polarizing plate preparation, and the polarizing plate were stored in an environment at a temperature of 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 95% was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the change in cross transmittance at 410 nm was measured. The results are shown in Table 17.
- the polarizing plate using the cellulose acylate film of the present invention does not contain the hydrophobizing agent within the scope of the present invention
- the cellulose acylate film of the comparative example includes the hydrogen bonding compound within the scope of the present invention. It was found that the change in Re and Rth depending on the environmental humidity was small and the deterioration of the polarizer after aging under high temperature and high humidity was small as compared with the polarizing plate using.
- the polarizing plate using the cellulose acylate film of the present invention includes a hydrophobizing agent within the scope of the present invention, and a polarized light using the cellulose acylate film of the comparative example not including the hydrogen bonding compound within the scope of the present invention. It was found that the change in Re and Rth depending on the environmental humidity was significantly improved while maintaining the durability of the polarizer as compared with the plate.
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Abstract
Description
(A)1分子内に水素結合ドナー部と水素結合アクセプター部の双方を有する。
(B)分子量を水素結合ドナー数と水素結合アクセプター数の合計数で除した値が30以上65以下。
(C)芳香環構造の総数が1以上3以下。
[2] 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(A-1)で表される化合物である、[1]に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
[3] 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(B-1)で表される化合物である、[1]に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
[4] 前記一般式(A-1)および(B-1)において、前記X1、X2、X3、X4、X5およびX6が、それぞれ独立に、単結合および下記一般式(P)で表される2価の連結基からなる群から選択されるいずれか一つであることを特徴とする[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
[5] 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(C-1)で表される化合物である、[1]に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
[6] 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(D-1)で表される化合物である、[1]に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
[7] 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(E-1)で表される化合物である[1]に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
一般式(Q)
[8] 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(F-1)で表される化合物である[1]に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
[9] 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(G-1)で表される化合物である[1]に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
[10] 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(H-1)で表される化合物である[1]に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
[11] 前記水素結合性化合物の分子量が100~1000であることを特徴とする[1]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
[12] [1]~[11]のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルムを含むことを特徴とする位相差フィルム。
[13] [1]~[11]のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルムまたは[12]に記載の位相差フィルムを含んでなる偏光板。
[14] [1]~[11]のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム、[12]に記載の位相差フィルムまたは[13]に記載の偏光板を含んでなる液晶表示装置。
本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムは、下記(A)~(C)の要件を満たす水素結合性化合物(以下本発明に用いられる水素結合性化合物と称する)と、多価アルコールエステル系疎水化剤、重縮合エステル系疎水化剤および炭水化物誘導体系疎水化剤の中から選ばれる少なくとも一つの疎水化剤を含むことを特徴とする。
(A)1分子内に水素結合ドナー部と水素結合アクセプター部の双方を有する。
(B)分子量を水素結合ドナー数と水素結合アクセプター数の合計数で除した値が25以上65以下。
(C)芳香環構造の総数が1以上3以下。
本発明に用いられる水素結合性化合物と特定の疎水化剤をセルロースアシレートフィルムに添加することにより、環境湿度変化に伴うセルロースアシレートフィルムのレターデーション変化を大幅に低減できる。
さらに、該セルロースアシレートフィルムを偏光板保護フィルムとして用いることにより、高温高湿下での偏光子の性能劣化を大幅に改良できる。
以下に、前記本発明に用いられる水素結合性化合物、前記疎水化剤、セルロースアシレートフィルムの製造方法の順に詳しく説明する。
本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムは、前記水素結合性化合物を含むことを特徴とする。以下、本発明に用いられる水素結合性化合物の構造の詳細について、説明する。
いかなる理論に拘泥するものでもないが、セルロースアシレートフィルムの位相差値の湿度依存性はセルロースアシレート樹脂のアシル置換基に存在するカルボニル基に水分子が配位することにより、セルロースアシレート樹脂の複屈折性が変化することで生じていると推測される。同様にいかなる理論に拘泥するものでもないが、本発明に用いられる水素結合性化合物は、水素結合性基を適当な位置に有するため、セルロースアシレート樹脂のカルボニル基または水酸基に効果的に相互作用し、高湿状態での水分子のセルロースアシレート樹脂への接近を阻害することができる。すなわち、本発明は水素結合性化合物の構造、特に水素結合性化合物の分子内における配置に着目したものである。なお、従来1,3,5-トリアジン環を有する化合物をセルロースアシレート樹脂に添加する場合は、1,3,5-トリアジン環を有する化合物全体の形状の平面性に注目していたため、本発明の前記構造の化合物はほとんど注目されていなかった。
(A)1分子内に水素結合ドナー部と水素結合アクセプター部の双方を有する。
(B)分子量を水素結合ドナー数と水素結合アクセプター数の合計数で除した値が30以上65以下。
(C)芳香環の総数が1以上3以下。
本発明に用いられる前記水素結合性化合物において水素結合性ドナー部および水素結合性アクセプター部として働く官能基の例は例えば、Jeffrey, George A.著、Oxford UP刊のIntroduction to Hydrogen Bondingの15ページのTable 2に記載されており、本明細書ではこの表に記載の官能基の数の前記水素結合性化合物における合計を、水素結合性ドナー数および水素結合性アクセプター数の合計として用いる。
本発明に用いられる前記水素結合性化合物は1分子内に水素結合性ドナー部と水素結合性アクセプター部の双方を有することにより、水と強い水素結合を形成し、水がセルロースアシレート中のカルボニル基に配位するを抑制することができる。水素結合性ドナー部と水素結合性アクセプター部を結ぶ結合の数は0個以上3個以下が、前記水との水素結合形成の点で好ましく、1個および2個がさらに好ましい。
本発明に用いられる前記水素結合性化合物は、分子量を水素結合ドナー数と水素結合アクセプター数の合計数で除した値は35以上60以下がさらに好ましい。分子量を水素結合ドナー数と水素結合アクセプター数の合計数で除した値が大きすぎると、セルロースアシレートに水素結合性化合物が接近しにくくなり、環境変化にともなうレターデーション変化の改良効果が小さくなってしまう。一方、分子量を水素結合ドナー数と水素結合アクセプター数の合計数で除した値が小さすぎると水素結合性化合物同士の相互作用が強くなりすぎて、溶媒への溶解性、セルロースアシレートとの相溶性が不足するため好ましくない。
本発明に用いられる水素結合性化合物中の芳香環構造の数は1以上3以下である。ここで、芳香環構造とは、芳香族炭化水素環の他、複素芳香環も含む。また、芳香環構造の数は、芳香環が縮合している縮合環の場合は1つと数え、芳香環どうしが連結基を介して連結しているときに複数個と数える。例えば、ナフタレン由来の炭素数10の芳香環は、芳香環構造1つと数える。芳香環構造の数が4以上になると水素結合性化合物の分子サイズが大きくなりすぎて、セルロースアシレート中のカルボニル基に接近しにくくなり、環境湿度による光学特性変化に対する抑制効果が小さくなってしまう。
また、本発明に用いられる水素結合性化合物は少なくとも一つの複素芳香環を含むことが好ましい。複素芳香環を含むことにより複素芳香環中のヘテロ原子と水素結合性化合物中の他の水素結合性アクセプターあるいは水素結合性ドナーが水と環状水素結合を形成しやすくなり好ましい。
本発明に用いられる水素結合性化合物の親疎水性は特定範囲に制御されていることが好ましい。すなわち、添加剤が疎水的過ぎるとセルロースアシレートとの相溶性が不足し、セルロースアシレートに近傍に存在しうる添加剤の割合が少なくなってしまう。一方、添加剤が親水的過ぎると、ドープ溶剤への溶解性が不足してしまう。
オクタノール-水分配係数(logP値)の測定は、一般にJIS日本工業規格Z7260-107(2000)に記載のフラスコ浸とう法により実施することができる。また、オクタノール-水分配係数(logP値)は実測に代わって、計算化学的手法あるいは経験的方法により見積もることも可能である。計算方法としては、Crippen’s fragmentation法(J.Chem.Inf.Comput.Sci.,27,21(1987))、Viswanadhan’s fragmentation法(J.Chem.Inf.Comput.Sci.,29,163(1989))、Broto’s fragmentation法(Eur.J.Med.Chem.-Chim.Theor.,19,71(1984))などを用いることが知られている。本発明では、Crippen’s fragmentation法(J.Chem.Inf.Comput.Sci.,27,21(1987))を用いる。
ClogP値とは、1-オクタノールと水への分配係数Pの常用対数logPを計算によって求めた値である。ClogP値の計算に用いる方法やソフトウェアについては公知の物を用いることができるが、本発明ではDaylight Chemical Information Systems社のシステム:PCModelsに組み込まれたCLOGPプログラムを用いた。
また、ある化合物のlogPの値が、測定方法あるいは計算方法により異なる場合に、該化合物が本発明の範囲内であるかどうかは、Crippen’s fragmentation法により判断することとなる。
本発明に用いられる水素結合性化合物は以下に示す一般式(A-1)~(H-1)であらわされる化合物が好ましい。以下に各々の構造について詳しく説明する。
まず、一般式(A-1)で表される化合物について説明する。なお、本明細書中において、アルキル基などの炭化水素基は、本発明の趣旨に反さない場合、直鎖であっても、分枝であってもよい。
前記Raがアルケニル基である場合、炭素数2~20であることが好ましく、炭素数3~15であることがより好ましく、炭素数6~12であることが特に好ましい。
前記Raがアルキニル基である場合、炭素数2~20であることが好ましく、炭素数3~15であることがより好ましく、炭素数6~12であることが特に好ましい。
前記Raがアリール基である場合、炭素数6~24であることが好ましく、炭素数6~18であることがより好ましい。
前記Raが複素環基である場合、炭素数5~23であることが好ましく、炭素数5~17であることがより好ましい。
前記Raが有していてもよい置換基としては、以下の置換基Tを挙げることができる。前記置換基Tとしては、例えばアルキル基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~12、特に好ましくは1~8のものであり、例えばメチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、tert-ブチル基、n-オクチル基、n-デシル基、n-ヘキサデシル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル基などが挙げられる。)、アルケニル基(好ましくは炭素原子数2~20、より好ましくは2~12、特に好ましくは2~8であり、例えばビニル基、アリル基、2-ブテニル基、3-ペンテニル基などが挙げられる。)、アルキニル基(好ましくは炭素原子数2~20、より好ましくは2~12、特に好ましくは2~8であり、例えばプロパルギル基、3-ペンチニル基などが挙げられる。)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素原子数6~30、より好ましくは6~20、特に好ましくは6~12であり、例えばフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ナフチル基などが挙げられる。)、アミノ基(好ましくは炭素原子数0~20、より好ましくは0~10、特に好ましくは0~6であり、例えばアミノ基、メチルアミノ基、ジメチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基、ジベンジルアミノ基などが挙げられる。)、アルコキシ基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~12、特に好ましくは1~8であり、例えばメトキシ基、エトキシ基、ブトキシ基などが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシ基(好ましくは炭素原子数6~20、より好ましくは6~16、特に好ましくは6~12であり、例えばフェニルオキシ基、2-ナフチルオキシ基などが挙げられる。)、アシル基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~16、特に好ましくは1~12であり、例えばアセチル基、ベンゾイル基、ホルミル基、ピバロイル基などが挙げられる。)、アルコキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素原子数2~20、より好ましくは2~16、特に好ましくは2~12であり、例えばメトキシカルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基などが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素原子数7~20、より好ましくは7~16、特に好ましくは7~10であり、例えばフェニルオキシカルボニル基などが挙げられる。)、アシルオキシ基(好ましくは炭素原子数2~20、より好ましくは2~16、特に好ましくは2~10であり、例えばアセトキシ基、ベンゾイルオキシ基などが挙げられる。)、アシルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素原子数2~20、より好ましくは2~16、特に好ましくは2~10であり、例えばアセチルアミノ基、ベンゾイルアミノ基などが挙げられる。)、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素原子数2~20、より好ましくは2~16、特に好ましくは2~12であり、例えばメトキシカルボニルアミノ基などが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシカルボニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素原子数7~20、より好ましくは7~16、特に好ましくは7~12であり、例えばフェニルオキシカルボニルアミノ基などが挙げられる。)、スルホニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~16、特に好ましくは1~12であり、例えばメタンスルホニルアミノ基、ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ基などが挙げられる。)、スルファモイル基(好ましくは炭素原子数0~20、より好ましくは0~16、特に好ましくは0~12であり、例えばスルファモイル基、メチルスルファモイル基、ジメチルスルファモイル基、フェニルスルファモイル基などが挙げられる。)、カルバモイル基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~16、特に好ましくは1~12であり、例えばカルバモイル基、メチルカルバモイル基、ジエチルカルバモイル基、フェニルカルバモイル基などが挙げられる。)、アルキルチオ基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~16、特に好ましくは1~12であり、例えばメチルチオ基、エチルチオ基などが挙げられる。)、アリールチオ基(好ましくは炭素原子数6~20、より好ましくは6~16、特に好ましくは6~12であり、例えばフェニルチオ基などが挙げられる。)、スルホニル基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~16、特に好ましくは1~12であり、例えばメシル基、トシル基などが挙げられる。)、スルフィニル基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~16、特に好ましくは1~12であり、例えばメタンスルフィニル基、ベンゼンスルフィニル基などが挙げられる。)、ウレイド基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~16、特に好ましくは1~12であり、例えばウレイド基、メチルウレイド基、フェニルウレイド基などが挙げられる。)、リン酸アミド基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~20、より好ましくは1~16、特に好ましくは1~12であり、例えばジエチルリン酸アミド、フェニルリン酸アミドなどが挙げられる。)、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、ハロゲン原子(例えばフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、シアノ基、スルホ基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、ヒドロキサム酸基、スルフィノ基、ヒドラジノ基、イミノ基、ヘテロ環基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~30、より好ましくは1~12であり、ヘテロ原子としては、例えば窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子、具体的には例えばイミダゾリル基、ピリジル基、キノリル基、フリル基、ピペリジル基、モルホリノ基、ベンゾオキサゾリル基、ベンズイミダゾリル基、ベンズチアゾリル基などが挙げられる。)、シリル基(好ましくは、炭素原子数3~40、より好ましくは3~30、特に好ましくは3~24であり、例えば、トリメチルシリル基、トリフェニルシリル基などが挙げられる)などが挙げられる。これらの置換基は更に置換されてもよい。また、置換基が二つ以上ある場合は、同じでも異なってもよい。また、可能な場合には互いに連結して環を形成してもよい。
前記X1、X2、X3およびX4がそれぞれ独立に表していてもよい前記2価の連結基としては、例えば、下記一般式(P)で表される2価の連結基、アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~3、特に好ましくは炭素数2)、アリーレン基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは、炭素数6~10)などを挙げることができる。その中でも下記一般式(P)で表される2価の連結基であることが好ましく、カルボニル基であることがより好ましい。
前記R1、R2、R3およびR4がアルキル基である場合、炭素数1~12であることが好ましく、炭素数1~6であることがより好ましく、炭素数1~4であることが特に好ましい。前記R1がアルキル基かつX1が-C(=O)-、前記R2がアルキル基かつX2が-C(=O)-、前記R3がアルキル基かつX3が-C(=O)-、前記R4がアルキル基かつX4が-C(=O)-である場合、湿度依存性改良の観点から好ましいR1、R2、R3およびR4の範囲は水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、アシル基または複素環基であり、より好ましくは置換または無置換のアリール基である。該アリール基が有する好ましい置換基は、後述する一般式(A-4)におけるのR31~R34の範囲と同様であり、すなわちハロゲン原子、水酸基、カルバモイル基、スルファモイル基、炭素数1から8のアルキル基、炭素数1から8のアルコキシ基、炭素数1から8のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1から8のジアルキルアミノ基である。
前記R1、R2、R3およびR4がアルケニル基である場合、炭素数2~12であることが好ましく、炭素数2~6であることがより好ましく、炭素数2~4であることが特に好ましい。
前記R1、R2、R3およびR4がアルキニル基である場合、炭素数2~12であることが好ましく、炭素数2~6であることがより好ましく、炭素数2~4であることが特に好ましい。
前記R1、R2、R3およびR4がアリール基である場合、炭素数6~18であることが好ましく、炭素数6~12であることがより好ましく、炭素数6であることが湿度依存性改良の観点から特に好ましい。
前記R1、R2、R3およびR4はさらに置換基を有していても、有していなくともよく、該置換基としては前記置換基Tを挙げることができる。
さらに、本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムは、前記Ra3がアルキル基であることが、Rthを下降させつつ、レターデーションの湿度依存性を改良する場合に好ましく、その場合はさらに前記Ra3が無置換のアルキル基であるときがより好ましい。
次に、一般式(B-1)で表される化合物について説明する。
さらに、本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムは、前記Rb3およびRc3が共にアルキル基であることが、Rthを下降させつつ、レターデーションの湿度依存性を改良する場合に好ましく、その場合はさらに前記Rb3およびRc3が共に無置換のアルキル基であるときがより好ましい。同様に前記Rb4およびRc4が共にアルキル基であることが好ましい。
前記一般式(A-1)または一般式(B-1)で表される化合物の製造方法は、特に限定はなく、公知の方法により製造することができる。本発明において好ましく用いられる製造方法としては、例えば米国特許第3,478,026公報やChem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 6616-6628に記載されているようにジシアノジアミドとニトリル化合物とを水酸化カリウム等の無機塩基存在下にてアルコール中で加熱することでトリアジン環を形成する方法や、Tetrahedron 2000,56,9705-9711に記載されているように塩化シアヌルを原料としてグリニャール化合物とアミン化合物を段階的に置換反応させていく方法や、有機合成化学協会誌 1967,第25巻第11号,1048-1051に記載されているようにイミドイルグアニジンとカルボン酸クロリドまたはエステルの反応によりモノアミノ-ジ置換-s-トリアジン類を合成する方法を用いることができる。
また、一般式(A-1)または一般式(B-1)で表される化合物は商業的に入手してもよい。
次に一般式(C-1)で表される化合物について詳しく説明する。
次に一般式(D-1)で表される化合物について詳しく説明する。
次に一般式(E-1)で表される化合物について詳しく説明する。
一般式(Q)
で表される2価の連結基からなる群から選択される連結基を表す。)
塩基としては、無機塩基(例、炭酸カリウム)と有機塩基(例、トリエチルアミン、ナトリウムメトキシド、ナトリウムエトキシド)のいずれも使用できる。有機塩基が好ましく、ナトリウムメトキシドが特に好ましい。用いる塩基の使用量は、一般式(E-1b)で表される化合物に対して0.5乃至10当量の範囲であることが好ましく、1乃至3当量の範囲であることが特に好ましい。
反応温度は、通常-20℃から用いる溶媒の沸点までであり、室温から溶媒の沸点が好ましい。反応時間は、通常10分~~3日間であり、好ましくは1時間から1日間である。反応を窒素雰囲気下、あるいは減圧下で行ってもよい。特に脱離基Zがアルコキシ基、アリール基の場合は減圧下で行うことも好ましい。
これらの中でも、-O-、-NH-および-N(CH3)-、-C(=O)-、およびそれらの組合せからなる連結基が好ましく、-O-、-NH-C(=O)-および-N(CH3)-がより好ましい。
前記R81がアルキル基である場合、炭素数1~15であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましく、1~5であることが特に好ましい。
前記R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立にアルケニル基である場合、炭素数12~15であることが好ましく、12~10であることがより好ましく、12~5であることが特に好ましい。
前記R81がアルキニル基である場合、炭素数2~15であることが好ましく、2~10であることがより好ましく、2~5であることが特に好ましい。
前記R81がアルキル基、アルケニル基またはアルキニル基である場合、環状、直鎖または分岐のいずれであってもよいが、直鎖または分岐であることが好ましく、直鎖であることがより好ましい。
前記R81がヘテロアリール基である場合、炭素数5~18であることが好ましく、5~12であることがより好ましい。
前記R81がアリール基である場合、炭素数6~18であることが好ましく、6~12であることがより好ましい。
前記R81がアリールアルキル基である場合、炭素数7~18であることが好ましく、7~12であることがより好ましい。
前記L1が-O-である場合、前記R81は 炭素数1~15のアルキル基またはアリールアルキル基であることが好ましく、アリールアルキル基であることがより好ましい。
前記L1が-NH-である場合、前記R81は炭素数1~15のアルキル基、アリールアルキル基であることが好ましく、アリールアルキル基であることがより好ましい。
前記L1が-NH-C(=O)-である場合、前記R81は 炭素数1~15のアルキル基、アリール基であることが好ましく、アルキル基であることがより好ましい。
前記L1が-N(CH3)-である場合、前記R81は 炭素数1~15のアルキル基またはアルキル基であることが好ましく、アルキル基であることがより好ましい。
前記R82はメチル基、フェニル基またはベンジル基であることがより好ましく、メチル基、フェニル基またはベンジル基であることが特に好ましい。
前記核酸塩基骨格を含有する化合物が有していることが好ましい水素結合等によってセルロースアシレートと相互作用可能である部分構造としては、プリン塩基骨格、エーテル結合構造、エステル結合構造、アミド結合構造、-NH-連結基構造などを挙げることができる。
前記核酸塩基骨格を含有する一般式(G-1)で表される化合物の具体例としては、以下のものを挙げることができる。ただし、前記水素結合性化合物として用いることができる前記核酸塩基骨格を含有する一般式(G-1)で表される化合物は、これらに限定されるものではない。
つぎに一般式(H-1)で表される化合物について詳しく説明する。
前記一般式(A-1)~(H-1)で表される化合物は、分子量が100~1000であることが好ましく、150~700であることがより好ましく、150以上450以下であることが最も好ましい。
前記一般式(A-1)~(H-1)で表される化合物の添加量は、セルロースアシレート樹脂に対して、30質量%以下とすることが好ましく、1~30質量%とすることがより好ましく、2~20質量%とすることが特に好ましく、3~15質量%とすることがさらに好ましい。
また、本発明のフィルムは、前記セルロースアシレート樹脂に対する、前記水素結合性化合物の合計含有量が35質量%以下であることが好ましく、30質量%以下であることがより好ましく、20質量%以下であることが特に好ましい。なお、前記水素結合性化合物は前記一般式(A-1)~(H-1)で表される化合物に限定されない。
本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムは、多価アルコールエステル系疎水化剤、重縮合エステル系疎水化剤および炭水化物誘導体系疎水化剤の中から選ばれる少なくとも一つの疎水化剤を含む。前記疎水化剤としては、フィルムのガラス転移温度をできるだけ下げずに含水率を低減できるものが好ましい。このような疎水化剤を使用することにより高温高湿下においてセルロースアシレートフィルム中の添加剤が偏光子層へ拡散する現象を抑制でき、偏光子性能の劣化を改良することができる。以下に本発明に用いられる前記疎水化剤について詳しく説明する。
本発明に用いられる多価アルコールは次の一般式(4)で表される。
(但し、R1はn価の有機基、nは2以上の正の整数を表す)
好ましい前記多価アルコール系疎水化剤の例としては、例えば以下のようなものを挙げることが出来るが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。アドニトール、アラビトール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、1,2-プロパンジオール、1,3-プロパンジオール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、ジブチレングリコール、1,2,4-ブタントリオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、ヘキサントリオール、ガラクチトール、マンニトール、3-メチルペンタン-1,3,5-トリオール、ピナコール、ソルビトール、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールエタン、キシリトール等を挙げることが出来る。特に、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、ソルビトール、トリメチロールプロパン、キシリトールが好ましい。
前記重縮合エステル系疎水化剤は、少なくとも一種の芳香環を有するジカルボン酸(芳香族ジカルボン酸とも呼ぶ)と少なくとも一種の平均炭素数が2.5~8.0の脂肪族ジオールとから得られることが好ましい。また、芳香族ジカルボン酸と少なくとも一種の脂肪族ジカルボン酸との混合物、と少なくとも一種の平均炭素数が2.5~8.0の脂肪族ジオールとから得られることも好ましい。
前記ジカルボン酸残基の組成比(モル分率)を構成炭素数に乗じて算出した値を平均炭素数とする。例えば、アジピン酸残基とフタル酸残基が50モル%ずつから構成される場合は、平均炭素数7.0となる。
また、前記ジオール残基の場合も同様で、ジオール残基の平均炭素数は、ジオール残基の組成比(モル分率)を構成炭素数に乗じて算出した値とする。例えばエチレングリコール残基50モル%と1,2-プロパンジオール残基50モル%から構成される場合は平均炭素数2.5となる。
前記重縮合エステルの数平均分子量はゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーによって測定、評価することができる。また、末端が封止のないポリエステルポリオールの場合、重量あたりのヒドロキシル基の量(以下、水酸基価とも言う)により算出することもできる。本発明において、水酸基価は、ポリエステルポリオールをアセチル化した後、過剰の酢酸の中和に必要な水酸化カリウムの量(mg)を測定する。
炭素数の平均が5.5以上であれば耐久性に優れた偏光板を得ることができる。炭素数の平均が10以下であればセルロースエステルへの相溶性が優れ、セルロースエステルフィルムの製膜過程でブリードアウトの発生を抑制することができる。
本明細書中では、残基とは、重縮合エステルの部分構造で、重縮合エステルを形成している単量体の特徴を有する部分構造を表す。例えばジカルボン酸HOOC-R-COOHより形成されるジカルボン酸残基は-OC-R-CO-である。
本発明に用いる重縮合エステルの芳香族ジカルボン酸残基比率は40mol%以上であることが好ましく、40mol%~95mol%であることがより好ましい。
芳香族ジカルボン酸残基比率を40mol%以上とすることで、十分な光学異方性を示すセルロースエステルフィルムが得られ、耐久性に優れた偏光板を得ることができる。また、95mol%以下であればセルロースエステルとの相溶性に優れ、セルロースエステルフィルムの製膜時及び加熱延伸時においてもブリードアウトを生じにくくすることができる。
前記重縮合エステルには、混合に用いた芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する芳香族ジカルボン酸残基が形成される。
すなわち、前記芳香族ジカルボン酸残基は、フタル酸残基、テレフタル酸残基、イソフタル酸残基の少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましく、より好ましくはフタル酸残基、テレフタル酸残基の少なくとも1種を含み、さらに好ましくはテレフタル酸残基を含む。
前記重縮合エステルの形成における混合に、芳香族ジカルボン酸としてテレフタル酸を用いることで、よりセルロースエステルとの相溶性に優れ、セルロースエステルフィルムの製膜時及び加熱延伸時においてもブリードアウトを生じにくいセルロースエステルフィルムとすることができる。また、前記芳香族ジカルボン酸は1種でも、2種以上を用いてもよい。2種用いる場合は、フタル酸とテレフタル酸を用いることが好ましい。
フタル酸とテレフタル酸の2種の芳香族ジカルボン酸を併用することにより、常温での重縮合エステルを軟化することができ、ハンドリングが容易になる点で好ましい。
前記重縮合エステルのジカルボン酸残基中における、テレフタル酸残基の含有量は40mol%~100mol%であることが好ましい。
テレフタル酸残基比率を40mol%以上とすることで、十分な光学異方性を示すセルロースエステルフィルムが得られる。
本発明で好ましく用いることができる重縮合エステル系疎水化剤を形成することができる脂肪族ジカルボン酸としては、例えば、シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカンジカルボン酸又は1,4-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸等が挙げられる。
重縮合エステルには、混合に用いた脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する脂肪族ジカルボン酸残基が形成される。
脂肪族ジカルボン酸残基は、平均炭素数が5.5~10.0であることが好ましく、5.5~8.0であることがより好ましく、5.5~7.0であることがさらに好ましい。脂肪族ジカルボン酸残基の平均炭素数が10.0以下であれば化合物の加熱減量が低減でき、セルロースアシレートウェブ乾燥時のブリードアウトによる工程汚染が原因と考えられる面状故障の発生を防ぐことができる。また、脂肪族ジカルボン酸残基の平均炭素数が5.5以上であれば相溶性に優れ、重縮合エステルの析出が起き難く好ましい。
前記脂肪族ジカルボン酸残基は、具体的には、コハク酸残基を含むことが好ましく、2種用いる場合は、コハク酸残基とアジピン酸残基を含むことが好ましい。
すなわち、重縮合エステルの形成における混合に、脂肪族ジカルボン酸を1種用いても、2種以上を用いてもよく、2種用いる場合は、コハク酸とアジピン酸を用いることが好ましい。重縮合エステルの形成における混合に、脂肪族ジカルボン酸を1種用いる場合は、コハク酸を用いることが好ましい。脂肪族ジカルボン酸残基の平均炭素数を所望の値に調整することができ、セルロースエステルとの相溶性の点で好ましい。
本明細書中では、ジオールHO-R-OHより形成されるジオール残基は-O-R-O-である。
重縮合エステルを形成するジオールとしては、芳香族ジオール及び脂肪族ジオールが挙げられ、本発明に用いられる前記疎水化剤に用いられる重縮合エステルは少なくとも脂肪族ジオールから形成されることが好ましい。
前記重縮合エステルは、平均炭素数が2.5~7.0の脂肪族ジオール残基を含むことが好ましく、より好ましくは平均炭素数が2.5~4.0の脂肪族ジオール残基を含む。前記脂肪族ジオール残基の平均炭素数が7.0より小さいとセルロースエステルとの相溶性が改善され、ブリードアウトが生じにくくなり、また、化合物の加熱減量が増大しにくくなり、セルロースアシレートウェブ乾燥時の工程汚染が原因と考えられる面状故障が発生し難くなる。また、脂肪族ジオール残基の平均炭素数が2.5以上であれば合成が容易である。
本発明に用いることができる重縮合エステル系疎水化剤を形成することができる脂肪族ジオールとしては、アルキルジオール又は脂環式ジオール類を好ましい例として挙げることができ、例えばエチレングリコール、1,2-プロパンジオール、1,3-プロパンジオール、1,2-ブタンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、2-メチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、2,2-ジメチル-1,3-プロパンジオール(ネオペンチルグリコール)、2,2-ジエチル-1,3-プロパンジオール(3,3-ジメチロ-ルペンタン)、2-n-ブチル-2-エチル-1,3-プロパンジオール(3,3-ジメチロールヘプタン)、3-メチル-1,5-ペンタンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、2,2,4-トリメチル-1,3-ペンタンジオール、2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオール、2-メチル-1,8-オクタンジオール、1,9-ノナンジオール、1,10-デカンジオール、1,12-オクタデカンジオール、ジエチレングリコール、シクロヘキサンジメタノール等が好ましい。これらはエチレングリコールとともに1種又は2種以上の混合物として使用されることが好ましい。
前記重縮合エステルには、混合に用いたジオールによりジオール残基が形成される。
すなわち、前記重縮合エステルは、ジオール残基としてエチレングリコール残基、1,2-プロパンジオール残基、及び1,3-プロパンジオール残基の少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましく、エチレングリコール残基又は1,2-プロパンジオール残基であることがより好ましい。
前記重縮合エステルに含まれる脂肪族ジオール残基には、エチレングリコール残基が10mol%~100mol%含まれることが好ましく、20mol%~100mol%含まれることがより好ましい。
封止に用いるモノカルボン酸類としては酢酸、プロピオン酸、ブタン酸、安息香酸等が好ましい。封止に用いるモノアルコール類としてはメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、イソブタノール等が好ましく、メタノールが最も好ましい。重縮合エステルの末端に使用するモノカルボン酸類の炭素数が7以下であると、化合物の加熱減量が大きくならず、面状故障が発生しない。
前記重縮合エステルの末端は、封止せずにジオール残基のままであることか、酢酸またはプロピオン酸又は安息香酸によって封止されていることがさらに好ましい。
前記重縮合エステルの両末端は、それぞれ、封止の実施の有無が同一であることを問わない。
縮合体の両末端が未封止の場合、重縮合エステルはポリエステルポリオールであることが好ましい。
前記重縮合エステルの態様の一つとして脂肪族ジオール残基の炭素数が2.5~8.0であり、重縮合エステルの両末端は未封止である重縮合エステルを挙げることができる。
重縮合エステルの両末端が封止されている場合、モノカルボン酸と反応させて封止することが好ましい。このとき、該重縮合エステルの両末端はモノカルボン酸残基となっている。本明細書中では、モノカルボン酸R-COOHより形成されるモノカルボン酸残基はR-CO-である。重縮合エステルの両末端がモノカルボン酸で封止されている場合、前記モノカルボン酸は脂肪族モノカルボン酸残基であることが好ましく、モノカルボン酸残基が炭素数22以下の脂肪族モノカルボン酸残基であることがより好ましく、炭素数3以下の脂肪族モノカルボン酸残基であることがさらに好ましい。また、炭素数2以上の脂肪族モノカルボン酸残基であることが好ましく、炭素数2の脂肪族モノカルボン酸残基であることが特に好ましい。
前記重縮合エステルの態様の一つとして脂肪族ジオール残基の炭素数が2.5より大きく7.0以下であり、重縮合エステルの両末端がモノカルボン酸残基で封止されている重縮合エステルを挙げることができる。
重縮合エステルの両末端を封止しているモノカルボン酸残基の炭素数が3以下であると、揮発性が低下し、重縮合エステルの加熱による減量が大きくならず、工程汚染の発生や面状故障の発生を低減することが可能である。
すなわち、封止に用いるモノカルボン酸類としては脂肪族モノカルボン酸が好ましく、モノカルボン酸が炭素数2から22の脂肪族モノカルボン酸であることがより好ましく、炭素数2~3の脂肪族モノカルボン酸であることがさらに好ましく、炭素数2の脂肪族モノカルボン酸残基であることが特に好ましい。
例えば、酢酸、プロピオン酸、ブタン酸、安息香酸及びその誘導体等が好ましく、酢酸又はプロピオン酸がより好ましく、酢酸が最も好ましい。
封止に用いるモノカルボン酸は2種以上を混合してもよい。
前記重縮合エステルの両末端は酢酸又はプロピオン酸による封止が好ましく、酢酸封止により両末端がアセチルエステル残基(アセチル残基と称する場合がある)となることが最も好ましい。
前記重縮合エステルの両末端を封止した場合は、常温での状態が固体形状となりにくく、ハンドリングが良好となり、また湿度安定性、偏光板耐久性に優れたセルロースエステルフィルムを得ることができる。
前記疎水化剤としては、単糖あるいは2~10個の単糖単位を含む炭水化物の誘導体(以下、炭水化物誘導体系疎水化剤という)が好ましい。
前記単糖または2~10個の単糖単位を含む炭水化物の例としては、例えば、エリトロース、トレオース、リボース、アラビノース、キシロース、リキソース、アロース、アルトロース、グルコース、フルクトース、マンノース、グロース、イドース、ガラクトース、タロース、トレハロース、イソトレハロース、ネオトレハロース、トレハロサミン、コウジビオース、ニゲロース、マルトース、マルチトール、イソマルトース、ソホロース、ラミナリビオース、セロビオース、ゲンチオビオース、ラクトース、ラクトサミン、ラクチトール、ラクツロース、メリビオース、プリメベロース、ルチノース、シラビオース、スクロース、スクラロース、ツラノース、ビシアノース、セロトリオース、カコトリオース、ゲンチアノース、イソマルトトリオース、イソパノース、マルトトリオース、マンニノトリオース、メレジトース、パノース、プランテオース、ラフィノース、ソラトリオース、ウンベリフェロース、リコテトラオース、マルトテトラオース、スタキオース、バルトペンタオース、ベルバルコース、マルトヘキサオース、α-シクロデキストリン、β-シクロデキストリン、γ-シクロデキストリン、δ-シクロデキストリン、キシリトール、ソルビトールなどを挙げることができる。
これらの中で、さらに好ましいものはアルキル基、アリール基またはアシル基であり、特に好ましくはアシル基である。
キシローステトラアセテート、グルコースペンタアセテート、フルクトースペンタアセテート、マンノースペンタアセテート、ガラクトースペンタアセテート、マルトースオクタアセテート、セロビオースオクタアセテート、スクロースオクタアセテート、キシリトールペンタアセテート、ソルビトールヘキサアセテート、キシローステトラプロピオネート、グルコースペンタプロピオネート、フルクトースペンタプロピオネート、マンノースペンタプロピオネート、ガラクトースペンタプロピオネート、マルトースオクタプロピオネート、セロビオースオクタプロピオネート、スクロースオクタプロピオネート、キシリトールペンタプロピオネート、ソルビトールヘキサプロピオネート、キシローステトラブチレート、グルコースペンタブチレート、フルクトースペンタブチレート、マンノースペンタブチレート、ガラクトースペンタブチレート、マルトースオクタブチレート、セロビオースオクタブチレート、スクロースオクタブチレート、キシリトールペンタブチレート、ソルビトールヘキサブチレート、キシローステトラベンゾエート、グルコースペンタベンゾエート、フルクトースペンタベンゾエート、マンノースペンタベンゾエート、ガラクトースペンタベンゾエート、マルトースオクタベンゾエート、セロビオースオクタベンゾエート、スクロースオクタベンゾエート、キシリトールペンタベンゾエート、ソルビトールヘキサベンゾエートなどが好ましい。キシローステトラアセテート、グルコースペンタアセテート、フルクトースペンタアセテート、マンノースペンタアセテート、ガラクトースペンタアセテート、マルトースオクタアセテート、セロビオースオクタアセテート、スクロースオクタアセテート、キシリトールペンタアセテート、ソルビトールヘキサアセテート、キシローステトラプロピオネート、グルコースペンタプロピオネート、フルクトースペンタプロピオネート、マンノースペンタプロピオネート、ガラクトースペンタプロピオネート、マルトースオクタプロピオネート、セロビオースオクタプロピオネート、スクロースオクタプロピオネート、キシリトールペンタプロピオネート、ソルビトールヘキサプロピオネート、キシローステトラベンゾエート、グルコースペンタベンゾエート、フルクトースペンタベンゾエート、マンノースペンタベンゾエート、ガラクトースペンタベンゾエート、マルトースオクタベンゾエート、セロビオースオクタベンゾエート、スクロースオクタベンゾエート、キシリトールペンタベンゾエート、ソルビトールヘキサベンゾエートなどがさらに好ましい。マルトースオクタアセテート、セロビオースオクタアセテート、スクロースオクタアセテート、キシローステトラプロピオネート、グルコースペンタプロピオネート、フルクトースペンタプロピオネート、マンノースペンタプロピオネート、ガラクトースペンタプロピオネート、マルトースオクタプロピオネート、セロビオースオクタプロピオネート、スクロースオクタプロピオネート、キシローステトラベンゾエート、グルコースペンタベンゾエート、フルクトースペンタベンゾエート、マンノースペンタベンゾエート、ガラクトースペンタベンゾエート、マルトースオクタベンゾエート、セロビオースオクタベンゾエート、スクロースオクタベンゾエート、キシリトールペンタベンゾエート、ソルビトールヘキサベンゾエートなどが特に好ましい。
前記炭水化物誘導体系疎水化剤はピラノース構造あるいはフラノース構造を有することが好ましく、中でもピラノース構造を有することが特に好ましい。
前記炭水化物誘導体の入手方法としては、市販品として(株)東京化成製、アルドリッチ製等から入手可能であり、もしくは市販の炭水化物に対して既知のエステル誘導体化法(例えば、特開平8-245678号公報に記載の方法)を行うことにより合成可能である。
次に本発明で使用するセルロースアシレートについて詳しく説明する。
セルロースアシレートの置換度は、セルロースの構成単位((β)1,4-グリコシド結合しているグルコース)に存在している、3つの水酸基がアシル化されている割合を意味する。置換度(アシル化度)は、セルロースの構成単位質量当りの結合脂肪酸量を測定して算出することができる。本発明において、セルロース体の置換度はセルロース体を重水素置換されたジメチルスルフォキシド等の溶剤に溶解して13C-NMRスペクトルを測定し、アシル基中のカルボニル炭素のピーク強度比から求めることにより算出することができる。セルロースアシレートの残存水酸基をセルロースアシレート自身が有するアシル基とは異なる他のアシル基に置換したのち、13C-NMR測定により求めることができる。測定方法の詳細については、手塚他(Carbohydrate.Res., 273(1995)83-91)に記載がある。
本発明のセルロースアシレートのアシル基としては、アセチル基、プロピオニル基、ブチリル基が特に好ましい。
本発明においては、置換基および/または置換度の異なる2種のセルロースアシレートを併用、混合して用いてもよいし、後述の共流延法などにより、異なるセルロースアシレートからなる複数層からなるフィルムを形成してもよい。
本発明におけるセルロースアシレートフィルムは、ソルベントキャスト法により製造することができる。ソルベントキャスト法では、セルロースアシレートを有機溶媒に溶解した溶液(ドープ)を用いてフィルムを製造する。
前記エーテル、ケトンおよびエステルは、環状構造を有していてもよい。また、前記エーテル、ケトンおよびエステルの官能基(すなわち、-O-、-CO-および-COO-)のいずれかを2つ以上有する化合物も、前記有機溶媒として用いることができる。前記有機溶媒は、アルコール性水酸基のような他の官能基を有していてもよい。2種類以上の官能基を有する有機溶媒の場合、その炭素原子数はいずれかの官能基を有する溶媒の上述の好ましい炭素原子数範囲内であることが好ましい。
前記炭素原子数が3~12のケトン類の例には、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ジエチルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンおよびメチルシクロヘキサノンが含まれる。
前記炭素原子数が3~12のエステル類の例には、エチルホルメート、プロピルホルメート、ペンチルホルメート、メチルアセテート、エチルアセテートおよびペンチルアセテートが含まれる。
また、2種類以上の官能基を有する有機溶媒の例には、2-エトキシエチルアセテート、2-メトキシエタノールおよび2-ブトキシエタノールが含まれる。
また、2種類以上の有機溶媒を混合して用いてもよい。
では、通常の溶解方法ではセルロースアシレートを溶解させることが困難な有機溶媒中にも、セルロースアシレートを溶解させることができる。なお、通常の溶解方法でセルロースアシレートを溶解できる溶媒であっても、冷却溶解法によると迅速に均一な溶液が得られるとの効果がある。
使用される溶剤は低級アルコール類としては、好ましくはメチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、ブチルアルコール等が挙げられる。低級アルコール以外の溶媒としては特に限定されないが、セルロースエステルの製膜時に用いられる溶剤を用いることが好ましい。
本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムには、延伸処理をおこなうこともできる。延伸処理によりセルロースアシレートフィルムに所望のレターデーションを付与することが可能である。セルロースアシレートフィルムの延伸方向は幅方向、長手方向のいずれでも好ましい。
幅方向に延伸する方法は、例えば、特開昭62-115035号、特開平4-152125号、同4-284211号、同4-298310号、同11-48271号などの各公報に記載されている。
また、流延後にドープ溶剤が残存した状態で延伸を行う場合、乾膜よりも低い温度で延伸が可能となり、この場合、100℃~170℃が好ましい。
延伸速度は1%/分~300%/分が好ましく、10%/分~300%/分がさらに好ましく、30%/分~300%/分が最も好ましい。
フィルムの幅方向に延伸する延伸工程と、フィルムの搬送方向(長手方向)に収縮させる収縮工程を含むことを特徴とする製造方法においてはパンタグラフ式あるいはリニアモーター式のテンターによって保持し、フィルムの幅方向に延伸しながら搬送方向にはクリップの間隔を徐々に狭めることでフィルムを収縮させることが出来る。
特に、フィルムの幅方向に10%以上延伸する延伸工程と、フィルムの幅方向にフィルムを把持しながらフィルムの搬送方向を5%以上収縮させる収縮工程とを含むことが好ましい。
なお、本発明でいう収縮率とは、収縮方向における収縮前のフィルムの長さに対する収縮後のフィルムの収縮した長さの割合を意味する。
収縮率としては5~40%が好ましく、10~30%が特に好ましい。
(レターデーション)
次に本発明セルロースアシレートフィルムの特性について詳しく説明する。
本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムは、下記式(1)~(4)の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
0nm≦Re<300nm ・・・式(1)
-50nm<Rth<400nm ・・・式(2)
0.1%≦{(25℃、相対湿度10%におけるRe)-(25℃、相対湿度80%におけるRe)}/(25℃、相対湿度60%におけるRe)≦20% ・・・式(3)
0.1%≦{(25℃、相対湿度10%におけるRth)-(25℃、相対湿度80%におけるRth)}/(25℃、相対湿度60%におけるRth)≦20% ・・・式(4)
また、式(2)においてRthは-30nm~350nmが好ましく、-10nm~300nmがより好ましい。
また、式(3)において{(25℃、相対湿度10%におけるRe)-(25℃、相対湿度80%におけるRe)}/(25℃、相対湿度60%におけるRe)の値は0.1%~10%がさらに好ましい。
また、式(4)において{(25℃、相対湿度10%におけるRth)-(25℃、相対湿度80%におけるRth)}/(25℃、相対湿度60%におけるRth)の値は0.1%~10%がさらに好ましい。
Re湿度依存性およびRth湿度依存性を上記範囲に設定したセルロースフィルムを使用することにより、高湿下で長時間点灯しても光漏れの発生しにくい液晶表示装置が得られる。
測定されるフィルムが1軸または2軸の屈折率楕円体で表されるものである場合には、以下の方法によりRth(λ)は算出される。
Rth(λ)は前記Re(λ)を、面内の遅相軸(KOBRA 21ADHまたはWRにより判断される)を傾斜軸(回転軸)として(遅相軸がない場合にはフィルム面内の任意の方向を回転軸とする)のフィルム法線方向に対して法線方向から片側50度まで10度ステップで各々その傾斜した方向から波長λnmの光を入射させて全部で6点測定し、その測定されたレターデーション値と平均屈折率の仮定値および入力された膜厚値を基にKOBRA 21ADHまたはWRが算出する。
上記において、法線方向から面内の遅相軸を回転軸として、ある傾斜角度にレターデーションの値がゼロとなる方向をもつフィルムの場合には、その傾斜角度より大きい傾斜角度でのレターデーション値はその符号を負に変更した後、KOBRA 21ADHまたはWRが算出する。
なお、遅相軸を傾斜軸(回転軸)として(遅相軸がない場合にはフィルム面内の任意の方向を回転軸とする)、任意の傾斜した2方向からレターデーション値を測定し、その値と平均屈折率の仮定値および入力された膜厚値を基に、以下の式(21)および式(22)よりRthを算出することもできる。
上記のRe(θ)は法線方向から角度θ傾斜した方向におけるレターデーション値をあらわす。式(21)におけるnxは面内における遅相軸方向の屈折率を表し、nyは面内においてnxに直交する方向の屈折率を表し、nzはnxおよびnyに直交する方向の屈折率を表す。dはフィルムの厚さを表す。
測定されるフィルムが1軸や2軸の屈折率楕円体で表現できないもの、いわゆる光学軸(optic axis)がないフィルムの場合には、以下の方法によりRth(λ)は算出される。
Rth(λ)は前記Re(λ)を、面内の遅相軸(KOBRA 21ADHまたはWRにより判断される)を傾斜軸(回転軸)としてフィルム法線方向に対して-50度から+50度まで10度ステップで各々その傾斜した方向から波長λnmの光を入射させて11点測定し、その測定されたレターデーション値と平均屈折率の仮定値および入力された膜厚値を基にKOBRA 21ADHまたはWRが算出する。
上記の測定において、平均屈折率の仮定値はポリマーハンドブック(JOHN WILEY&SONS,INC)、各種光学フィルムのカタログの値を使用することができる。平均屈折率の値が既知でないものについてはアッベ屈折計で測定することができる。主な光学フィルムの平均屈折率の値を以下に例示する:セルロースアシレート(1.48)、シクロオレフィンポリマー(1.52)、ポリカーボネート(1.59)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(1.49)、ポリスチレン(1.59)である。これら平均屈折率の仮定値と膜厚を入力することで、KOBRA 21ADHまたはWRはnx、ny、nzを算出する。この算出されたnx、ny、nzよりNz=(nx-nz)/(nx-ny)がさらに算出される。
本発明におけるセルロースアシレートフィルムの厚みは30μm~100μmが好ましく、30μm~80μmがさらに好ましく、30μm~60μmが最も好ましい。
ガラス転移温度の測定は、以下の方法により測定する。本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルム試料24mm×36mmを、25℃、相対湿度60%で2時間以上調湿した後に動的粘弾性測定装置(バイブロン:DVA-225(アイティー計測制御株式会社製))で、つかみ間距離20mm、昇温速度2℃/分、測定温度範囲30℃~200℃、周波数1Hzで測定した。縦軸に対数軸で貯蔵弾性率、横軸に線形軸で温度をとり、貯蔵弾性率が固体領域からガラス転移領域へ移行する際に観察される貯蔵弾性率の急激な減少に対して、JIS K7121-1987の図3に記載の方法によりガラス転移温度Tgを求めた。
本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムの25℃相対湿度80%における平衡含水率は、0~5.0%であることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは0.1~4.0%である。平衡含水率が5.0%以下であれば、水の可塑化効果によるセルロースアシレートフィルムのガラス転移温度低下が小さく、高温高湿下の偏光子性能劣化を抑制する点から好ましい。
含水率の測定法は、本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルム試料7mm×35mmを水分測定器、試料乾燥装置(CA-03、VA-05、共に三菱化学(株))にてカールフィッシャー法で測定した。水分量(g)を試料重量(g)で除して算出した。
本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムはアルカリ鹸化処理することによりポリビニルアルコールのような偏光子の材料との密着性を付与し、偏光板保護フィルムとして用いることができる。鹸化の方法については、特開2007-86748号公報の〔0211〕と〔0212〕に記載され、偏光板の偏光子の作り方、偏光板の光学特性等については同公報の〔0213〕~〔0255〕に記載されており、これらの記載を基に本発明のフィルムを保護フィルムに用いた偏光板を作製することができる。
偏光板は、一般に、偏光子およびその両側に配置された二枚の透明保護膜からなる。一方の保護膜として、本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムを用いることができる。他方の保護膜は、通常のセルロースアセテートフィルムを用いてもよい。偏光子には、ヨウ素系偏光子、二色性染料を用いる染料系偏光子やポリエン系偏光子がある。ヨウ素系偏光子および染料系偏光子は、一般にポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いて製造する。本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムを偏光板保護膜として用いる場合、偏光板の作製方法は特に限定されず、一般的な方法で作製することができる。得られたセルロースアシレートフィルムをアルカリ処理し、ポリビニルアルコールフィルムを沃素溶液中に浸漬延伸して作製した偏光子の両面に完全ケン化ポリビニルアルコール水溶液を用いて貼り合わせる方法がある。アルカリ処理の代わりに特開平6-94915号公報、特開平6-118232号公報に記載されているような易接着加工を施してもよい。保護膜処理面と偏光子を貼り合わせるのに使用される接着剤としては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルブチラール等のポリビニルアルコール系接着剤や、ブチルアクリレート等のビニル系ラテックス等が挙げられる。偏光板は偏光子及びその両面を保護する保護膜で構成されており、更に該偏光板の一方の面にプロテクトフィルムを、反対面にセパレートフィルムを貼合して構成される。プロテクトフィルム及びセパレートフィルムは偏光板出荷時、製品検査時等において偏光板を保護する目的で用いられる。この場合、プロテクトフィルムは、偏光板の表面を保護する目的で貼合され、偏光板を液晶板へ貼合する面の反対面側に用いられる。また、セパレートフィルムは液晶板へ貼合する接着層をカバーする目的で用いられ、偏光板を液晶板へ貼合する面側に用いられる。
本発明の液晶表示装置において、偏光板の透過軸と本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムの遅相軸が、実質的に平行であることが好ましい。ここで、実質的に平行であるとは、本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムの主屈折率nxの方向と偏光板の透過軸の方向とは、そのずれが5°以内であることをいい、1°以内、好ましくは0.5°以内であることが好ましい。ずれが1°より大きいと、偏光板クロスニコル下での偏光度性能が低下して光抜けが生じて好ましくない。
偏光板の直交透過率CTは、UV3100PC(島津製作所社製)を用いて測定した。測定では、380nm~780nmの範囲で測定し、10回測定の平均値を用いた。
偏光板耐久性試験は(1)偏光板のみと(2)偏光板をガラスに粘着剤を介して貼り付けた、2種類の形態で次のように行った。(1)の偏光板のみの測定は、2つの偏光子の間に本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムが挟まれるように組み合わせて直交のものを2つ用意する。(2)の偏光板をガラスに粘着剤を介して貼り付けた形態での測定は、ガラスの上に偏光板を本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムがガラス側にくるように貼り付けたサンプル(約5cm×5cm)を2つ作成する。直交透過率測定ではこのサンプルのフィルムの側を光源に向けてセットして測定する。2つのサンプルをそれぞれ測定し、その平均値を直交透過率とする。本発明の実施例では、上記(1)および(2)の試験方法のうち、(2)の試験方法を採用した。
偏光性能の好ましい範囲としては直交透過率CTがCT≦2.0であり、より好ましい範囲としてはCT≦1.3(単位はいずれも%)である。
また偏光板耐久性試験ではその変化量はより小さいほうが好ましい。本発明の偏光板は、60℃、相対湿度90%に240時間静置させたときの直交透過率の変化量ΔCT240(%)または60℃、相対湿度95%に240時間静置させたときの直交透過率の変化量ΔCT1000(%)が下記式(j)、(k)の少なくとも1つ以上を満たしていることが好ましい。
-0.5≦ΔCT240≦0.5・・・(j)
-0.5≦ΔCT1000≦0.5・・・(k)
ここで、変化量とは試験後測定値から試験前測定値を差し引いた値である。
上記式(j)または(k)を満たせば、偏光板の高温高湿下で長時間使用中あるいは保管中の安定性が確保でき、好ましい。
本発明における偏光板は、ディスプレイの視認性向上のための反射防止フィルム、輝度向上フィルムや、ハードコート層、前方散乱層、アンチグレア(防眩)層等の機能層を有する光学フィルムと複合した機能化偏光板としても好ましく使用される。機能化のための反射防止フィルム、輝度向上フィルム、他の機能性光学フィルム、ハードコート層、前方散乱層、アンチグレア層については、特開2007-86748号公報の〔0257〕~〔0276〕に記載され、これらの記載を基に機能化した偏光板を作成することができる。
本発明における偏光板は反射防止フィルムと組み合わせて使用することができる。反射防止フィルムは、フッ素系ポリマー等の低屈折率素材を単層付与しただけの反射率1.5%程度のフィルム、または薄膜の多層干渉を利用した反射率1%以下のフィルムのいずれも使用できる。本発明では、透明支持体上に低屈折率層、および低屈折率層より高い屈折率を有する少なくとも一層の層(即ち、高屈折率層、中屈折率層)を積層した構成が好ましく使用される。また、日東技報,vol.38,No.1,May,2000,26頁~28頁や特開2002-301783号公報などに記載された反射防止フィルムも好ましく使用できる。
高屈折率層の屈折率>中屈折率層の屈折率>透明支持体の屈折率>低屈折率層の屈折率
前記含シリコーン化合物はポリシロキサン構造を有する化合物が好ましいが、反応性シリコーン(例えば、サイラプレーン(チッソ(株)製)や両末端にシラノール基含有のポリシロキサン(特開平11-258403号公報)等を使用することもできる。シランカップリング剤等の有機金属化合物と特定のフッ素含有炭化水素基含有のシランカップリング剤とを触媒共存下に縮合反応で硬化させてもよい(特開昭58-142958号公報、同58-147483号公報、同58-147484号公報、特開平9-157582号公報、同11-106704号公報、特開2000-117902号公報、同2001-48590号公報、同2002-53804号公報記載の化合物等)。
低屈折率層には、上記以外の添加剤として充填剤(例えば、二酸化珪素(シリカ)、含フッ素粒子(フッ化マグネシウム、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化バリウム)等の一次粒子平均径が1~150nmの低屈折率無機化合物、特開平11-3820号公報の[0020]~[0038]に記載の有機微粒子等)、シランカップリング剤、滑り剤、界面活性剤等を含有させることも好ましく行うことができる。
低屈折率層の膜厚は、30~200nmであることが好ましく、50~150nmであることがさらに好ましく、60~120nmであることが最も好ましい。
このような超微粒子は、粒子表面を表面処理剤で処理したり(シランカップリング剤等:特開平11-295503号公報、同11-153703号公報、特開2000-9908号公報、アニオン性化合物或は有機金属カップリング剤:特開2001-310432号公報等)、高屈折率粒子をコアとしたコアシェル構造としたり(特開2001-166104号公報等)、特定の分散剤を併用する(例えば、特開平11-153703号公報、米国特許第6,210,858B1明細書、特開2002-2776069号公報等)等の態様で使用することができる。
前記高屈折率層の屈折率は、1.70~2.20であることが好ましい。高屈折率層の厚さは、5nm~10μmであることが好ましく、10nm~1μmであることがさらに好ましい。
前記中屈折率層の屈折率は、低屈折率層の屈折率と高屈折率層の屈折率との間の値となるように調整する。中屈折率層の屈折率は、1.50~1.70であることが好ましい。
本発明における偏光板は、輝度向上フィルムと組み合わせて使用することができる。輝度向上フィルムは、円偏光もしくは直線偏光の分離機能を有しており、偏光板とバックライトとの間に配置され、一方の円偏光もしくは直線偏光をバックライト側に後方反射もしくは後方散乱する。バックライト部からの再反射光は、部分的に偏光状態を変化させ、輝度向上フィルムおよび偏光板に再入射する際、部分的に透過するため、この過程を繰り返すことにより光利用率が向上し、正面輝度が1.4倍程度に向上する。輝度向上フィルムとしては異方性反射方式および異方性散乱方式が知られており、いずれも本発明における偏光板と組み合わせることができる。
本発明における偏光板は、さらに、ハードコート層、前方散乱層、アンチグレア(防眩)層、ガスバリア層、滑り層、帯電防止層、下塗り層や保護層等を設けた機能性光学フィルムと組み合わせて使用することも好ましい。また、これらの機能層は、前述の反射防止フィルムにおける反射防止層、あるいは光学異方性層等と同一層内で相互に複合して使用することも好ましい。これらの機能層は、偏光子側および偏光子と反対面(より空気側の面)のどちらか片面、または両面に設けて使用できる。
本発明における偏光板は耐擦傷性等の力学的強度を付与するため、ハードコート層を透明支持体の表面に設けた機能性光学フィルムと組み合わせることが好ましく行われる。ハードコート層を、前述の反射防止フィルムに適用して用いる場合は、特に、透明支持体と高屈折率層の間に設けることが好ましい。
前記ハードコート層は、光および/または熱による硬化性化合物の架橋反応、または、重合反応により形成されることが好ましい。硬化性官能基としては、光重合性官能基が好ましく、または、加水分解性官能基含有の有機金属化合物は有機アルコキシシリル化合物が好ましい。ハードコート層の具体的な構成組成物としては、例えば、特開2002-144913号公報、同2000-9908号公報、国際公開第00/46617号パンフレット等記載のものを好ましく使用することができる。
ハードコート層の膜厚は、0.2μm~100μmであることが好ましい。
ハードコート層の強度は、JIS K5400に従う鉛筆硬度試験で、H以上であることが好ましく、2H以上であることがさらに好ましく、3H以上であることが最も好ましい。また、JIS K5400に従うテーバー試験で、試験前後の試験片の摩耗量が少ないほど好ましい。
前方散乱層は、本発明における偏光板を液晶表示装置に適用した際の、上下左右方向の視野角特性(色相と輝度分布)改良するために使用される。本発明では、前方散乱層は屈折率の異なる微粒子をバインダー分散した構成が好ましく、例えば、前方散乱係数を特定化した特開11-38208号公報、透明樹脂と微粒子との相対屈折率を特定範囲とした特開2000-199809号公報、ヘイズ値を40%以上と規定した特開2002-107512号公報等の構成を使用することができる。また、本発明における偏光板をヘイズの視野角特性を制御するため、住友化学(株)の技術レポート「光機能性フィルム」31頁~39頁に記載された「ルミスティ」と組み合わせて使用することも好ましく行うことができる。
アンチグレア(防眩)層は、反射光を散乱させ映り込みを防止するために使用される。アンチグレア機能は、液晶表示装置の最表面(表示側)に凹凸を形成することにより得られる。アンチグレア機能を有する光学フィルムのヘイズは、3~30%であることが好ましく、5~20%であることがさらに好ましく、7~20%であることが最も好ましい。
フィルム表面に凹凸を形成する方法は、例えば、微粒子を添加して膜表面に凹凸を形成する方法(例えば、特開2000-271878号公報等)、比較的大きな粒子(粒子サイズ0.05~2μm)を少量(0.1~50質量%)添加して表面凹凸膜を形成する方法(例えば、特開2000-281410号公報、同2000-95893号公報、同2001-100004号公報、同2001-281407号公報等)、フィルム表面に物理的に凹凸形状を転写する方法(例えば、エンボス加工方法として、特開昭63-278839号公報、特開平11-183710号公報、特開2000-275401号公報等記載)等を好ましく使用することができる。
次に本発明の液晶表示装置について説明する。
液晶表示装置10には、画像直視型、画像投影型や光変調型が含まれる。TFTやMIMのような3端子または2端子半導体素子を用いたアクティブマトリックス液晶表示装置が本発明は有効である。もちろん時分割駆動と呼ばれるSTNモードに代表されるパッシブマトリックス液晶表示装置でも有効である。
本発明の液晶表示装置の液晶セルはVAモードであることが好ましい。
VAモードでは上下基板間に誘電異方性が負で、Δn=0.0813、Δε=-4.6程度の液晶をラビング配向により、液晶分子の配向方向を示すダイレクタ、いわゆるチルト角を、約89°で作製する。図1における液晶層5の厚さdは3.5μm程度に設定してあることが好ましい。ここで厚さdと屈折率異方性Δnとの積Δndの大きさにより白表示時の明るさが変化する。このため最大の明るさを得るためには液晶層の厚みを0.2μm~0.5μmの範囲になるように設定する。
またVAモードの液晶表示装置では、TNモードの液晶表示装置で一般的に使われているカイラル剤の添加は、動的応答特性の劣化させるため用いることは少ないが、配向不良を低減するために添加されることもある。
例えば、VA方式では液晶分子が電界印加により、一つの画素内で異なる複数の領域に傾斜することで視角特性が平均化される。一画素内で配向を分割するには、電極にスリットを設けたり、突起を設け、電界方向を変えたり電界密度に偏りを持たせる。全方向で均等な視野角を得るにはこの分割数を多くすればよいが、4分割、あるいは8分割以上することでほぼ均等な視野角が得られる。特に8分割時は偏光板吸収軸を任意の角度に設定できるので好ましい。
〔セルロースアシレートフィルムの作製〕
(セルロースアシレート溶液の調製)
下記の組成物をミキシングタンクに投入し、攪拌して各成分を溶解し、セルロースアシレート溶液1を調製した。
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セルロースアシレート溶液1の組成
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
アセチル置換度2.76、重合度350のセルロースアセテート
100.0質量部
多価アルコールエステル4 10.0質量部
メチレンクロライド(第1溶媒) 402.0質量部
メタノール(第2溶媒) 60.0質量部
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下記の組成物を分散機に投入し、攪拌して各成分を溶解し、マット剤溶液2を調製した。
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マット剤溶液2の組成
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平均粒子サイズ20nmのシリカ粒子(AEROSIL R972、
日本アエロジル(株)製) 2.0質量部
メチレンクロライド(第1溶媒) 75.0質量部
メタノール(第2溶媒) 12.7質量部
前記セルロースアシレート溶液1 10.3質量部
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下記の組成物をミキシングタンクに投入し、加熱しながら攪拌して、各成分を溶解し、水素結合性化合物溶液3を調製した。
水素結合性化合物溶液3の組成
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水素結合性化合物(A-16) 20.0質量部
メチレンクロライド(第1溶媒) 67.2質量部
メタノール(第2溶媒) 10.0質量部
前記セルロースアシレート溶液1 12.8質量部
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〔実施例2~10および比較例1~14のセルロースアシレートフィルムの作製〕
実施例1においてセルロースアシテートの置換度、各添加剤の種類および量、延伸温度および延伸倍率、フィルム厚みを下記表11~14に記載したとおりに変更した以外は同様にして、実施例2~10および比較例1~14のセルロースアシレートフィルムを製造した。
・Re湿度依存性={(25℃、相対湿度10%におけるRe)-(25℃、相対湿度80%におけるRe)}/(25℃、相対湿度60%におけるRe)
・Rth湿度依存性={(25℃、相対湿度10%におけるRth)-(25℃、相対湿度80%におけるRth)}/(25℃、相対湿度60%におけるRth)
得られた結果を下記表11~14に示した。
作製した実施例1のセルロースアシレートフィルムを、2.3mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に、55℃で3分間浸漬した。室温の水洗浴槽中で洗浄し、30℃で0.05mol/Lの硫酸を用いて中和した。再度、室温の水洗浴槽中で洗浄し、さらに100℃の温風で乾燥した。このようにして、実施例1のセルロースアシレートフィルムについて表面の鹸化処理を行った。
延伸したポリビニルアルコールフィルムにヨウ素を吸着させて偏光子を作製した。
鹸化処理した実施例1のセルロースアシレートフィルムを、ポリビニルアルコール系接着剤を用いて、偏光子の片側に貼り付けた。市販のセルローストリアセテートフィルム(フジタックTD80UF、富士写真フイルム(株)製)に同様の鹸化処理を行い、ポリビニルアルコール系接着剤を用いて、作成した実施例1のセルロースアシレートフィルムを貼り付けてある側とは反対側の偏光子の面に鹸化処理後のセルローストリアセテートフィルムを貼り付けた。
この際、偏光子の透過軸と作成した実施例1のセルロースアシレートフィルムの遅相軸とは平行になるように配置した。また、偏光子の透過軸と市販のセルローストリアセテートフィルムの遅相軸とは、直交するように配置した。
このようにして実施例1の偏光板を作製した。
上記で作製した実施例1~10および比較例1~14の偏光板について、波長410nmにおける偏光子の直交透過率を本明細書に記載した方法で測定した。
その後、実施例1、2、6、比較例1~3、7、8、11および13の偏光板については、60℃、相対湿度95%の環境下で1000時間保存した後の直交透過率を測定した。経時前後の直交透過率の変化を求め、これを偏光子耐久性(1)として下記表11および表13にその結果を記載した。
一方、その他の偏光板については、60℃、相対湿度90%の環境下で240時間保存した後の直交透過率を測定し、同様に経時前後の直交透過率の変化を求め、これを偏光子耐久性(2)として下記表12および表14にその結果を記載した。
すなわち、本発明のセルロースアシレートフィルムを使用した偏光板は、環境湿度に依存したレターデーション変化が小さく、かつ、偏光板に貼り合わせて高温高湿下で経時させた場合に偏光子の劣化を抑えることができることがわかった。
〔液晶表示装置の作製〕
市販の液晶テレビ(SONY(株)のブラビアJ5000)の2枚の偏光板をはがし、視認者側およびバックライト側に実施例8のセルロースアシレートフィルムを用いた本発明の偏光板を、実施例8のセルロースアシレートフィルムがそれぞれ液晶セル側となるように、粘着剤を介して、観察者側およびバックライト側に一枚ずつ貼り付けた。観察者側の偏光板の透過軸が上下方向に、そして、バックライト側の偏光板の透過軸が左右方向になるように、クロスニコル配置とした。このようにして作製した本発明の液晶表示装置は市販の液晶テレビに対して、環境湿度を変えても斜めから観察した場合のコントラスト変化および色味変化が小さく、かつ高温高湿下で長時間使用してもコントラストの低下が小さく好ましかった。
(セルロースアシレートの調製)
特開平10-45804号公報、同08-231761号公報に記載の方法で、セルロースアシレートを合成し、その置換度を測定した。具体的には、触媒として硫酸(セルロース100質量部に対し7.8質量部)を添加し、アシル置換基の原料となるカルボン酸を添加し40℃でアシル化反応を行った。この時、カルボン酸の種類、量を調整することでアシル基の種類、置換度を調整した。またアシル化後に40℃で熟成を行った。さらにこのセルロースアシレートの低分子量成分をアセトンで洗浄し除去した。
下記の組成物をミキシングタンクに投入し、撹拌して、各成分を溶解し、固形分濃度が22質量%のセルロースアシレート溶液を調製した。なお、セルロースアシレート溶液の粘度は60Pa・sであった。
・セルロースアセテート(置換度2.45) 100.0質量部
・重縮合ポリエステルJ-35 16.0質量部
・水素結合性化合物 3.0質量部
・メチレンクロライド 365.5質量部
・メタノール 54.6質量部
下記の組成物をミキシングタンクに投入し、撹拌して、各成分を溶解し、セルロースアシレート溶液を調製した。各セルロースアシレート溶液の固形分濃度が下記表2に記載の値となるように溶剤(メチレンクロライドおよびメタノール)の量は適宜調整した。
・セルロースアセテート(置換度2.79) 100.0質量部
・重縮合ポリエステルJ-35 19.0質量部
・シリカ微粒子 R972(日本エアロジル製) 0.15質量部
・メチレンクロライド 395.0質量部
・メタノール 59.0質量部
得られた高置換度層用セルロースアシレート溶液S01の固形分濃度は20.0質量%、粘度を30Pa・sであった。
前記低置換度層用セルロースアシレート溶液C01を膜厚56μmになるように、また前記高置換度層用セルロースアシレート溶液S01を膜厚が各2μmのスキンA層およびスキンB層になるように、それぞれ流延した。得られたウェブ(フィルム)をバンドから剥離し、クリップに挟み、フィルム全体の質量に対する残留溶媒量が20~5%の状態のときにテンターを用いて140℃で1.08倍横延伸した。その後にフィルムからクリップを外して130℃で20分間乾燥させた後、更にテンターを用いて180℃で1.2倍再度横延伸し、本発明の偏光板保護フィルム401を作製した。
なお、残留溶媒量は下記の式にしたがって求めた。
残留溶媒量(質量%)={(M-N)/N}×100
ここで、Mはウェブの任意時点での質量、NはMを測定したウェブを120℃で2時間乾燥させた時の質量である。
実施例401において、低置換度層用セルロースアシレート溶液に加える疎水化剤の種類および/あるいは、水素結合性化合物の種類を表15の内容に変更した以外は実施例401と同様にして、実施例402~420の偏光板保護フィルム、および比較例501~508、511、512の偏光板保護フィルムを作製した。
なお、表15中の比較例507は化合物U-6がドープに溶解しなかった。
(偏光板保護フィルム421の作成)
実施例421で調製した低置換度層用セルロースアシレート溶液C01を膜厚90μmになるように、また前記高置換度層用セルロースアシレート溶液S01を膜厚が各3μmのスキンA層およびスキンB層になるように、それぞれ流延した。得られたウェブ(フィルム)をバンドから剥離し、クリップに挟み、フィルム全体の質量に対する残留溶媒量が20~5%の状態のときにテンターを用いて140℃で1.3倍横延伸した。その後にフィルムからクリップを外して130℃で20分間乾燥させ、本発明の偏光板保護フィルム410を作製した。
なお、残留溶媒量は下記の式にしたがって求めた。
残留溶媒量(質量%)={(M-N)/N}×100
ここで、Mはウェブの任意時点での質量、NはMを測定したウェブを120℃で2時間乾燥させた時の質量である。
実施例421において、低置換度層用セルロースアシレート溶液に加える疎水化剤の種類および/あるいは、水素結合性化合物の種類を表16の内容に変更した以外は実施例421と同様にして、実施例422~430の偏光板保護フィルム421~430、および比較例521、522の偏光板保護フィルム521、522を作製した。
アセトグアナミン10g(32mmol)のピリジン50mL溶液に、ベンゾイルクロライド9.9g(70mmol)を加え、8時間加熱還流させた。反応系の温度を室温に戻し、酢酸エチル及び水を加えて分液し、有機層を1N塩酸水、水の順に水洗した。有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、溶媒を減圧留去しカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し化合物(3-1)を得た。
得られた化合物(3-1)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.50(3H、s)
7.45-7.55(4H、m)
7.60-7.65(2H、m)
7.90-8.00(4H、m)
11.20(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからo-メチル安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-2)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:CDCl3、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.50(6H、s)
2.60(3H、s)
7.20-7.30(4H、m)
7.35-7.45(2H、m)
7.50-7.60(2H、m)
8.55(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからp-メチル安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-3)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.35(6H、s)
2.50(3H、s)
7.30(4H、d)
7.85(4H、d)
11.10(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからp-メトキシ安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-4)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.50(3H、s)
3.80(6H、s)
7.00(4H、d)
7.95(4H、d)
11.00(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからm-メトキシ安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-5)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.50(3H、s)
3.80(6H、s)
7.10-7.20(2H、m)
7.35-7.45(2H、m)
7.50-7.60(4H、m)
11.20(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからp-tert-ブチル安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-6)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
1.30(18H、s)
2.50(3H、s)
7.55(4H、d)
7.95(4H、d)
11.10(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからm-メチル安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-7)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:CDCl3、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.40(6H、s)
2.65(3H、s)
7.35-7.45(4H、m)
7.70-7.80(4H、m)
8.80(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからp-クロロ安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-8)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:CDCl3、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.60(3H、s)
7.40-7.50(4H、m)
7.90-8.00(4H、m)
9.10(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからo-クロロ安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-9)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:CDCl3、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.50(3H、s)
7.30-7.50(6H、m)
7.60-7.70(2H、m)
8.95(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからm-クロロ安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-10)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.50(3H、s)
7.55(2H、m)
7.70(2H、m)
7.90(2H、m)
8.00(2H、s)
11.35(2H、s)
出発原料をベンゾイルクロライドからo-メトキシ安息香酸クロライドに変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-11)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.40(3H、s)
3.80(6H、s)
7.00-7.20(4H、m)
7.55(2H、m)
7.65(2H、m)
10.70(2H、s)
原料の酸クロライドを変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。目的物はMSスペクトルで確認した。
原料の酸クロライドを変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。目的物はMSスペクトルで確認した。
原料の酸クロライドを変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-14)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.40(3H、s)
4.00(4H、s)
7.20-7.30(10H、m)
10.90(2H、s)
原料の酸クロライドを変更した他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-15)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2.40(3H、s)
3.80(3H、s)
7.15(1H、m)
7.35-7.55(5H、m)
7.75(2H、m)
11.10(1H、s)
11.20(1H、s)
原料にベンゾグアナミンとp-tert-ブチル安息香酸クロライドを用いた他は化合物(3-1)と同様に合成を行った。
得られた化合物(3-16)のNMRスペクトルは以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(溶媒:重DMSO、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
1.35(18H、s)
7.50-7.60(7H、m)
7.90-8.00(4H、m)
7.30(2H、m)
11.20(2H、s)
化合物(3-17)と同様に合成を行い、目的物はMSスペクトルで確認した。
1H-NMR(溶媒:CDCl3、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
1H-NMR(溶媒:CDCl3、基準:テトラメチルシラン)δ(ppm):
2-クロロ-4,6-ジアミノ-1,3,5-トリアジン27gにメタノール300ml、水酸化ナトリウム16gを加え5時間加熱還流を行った。室温に冷却後、反応液に水を加え結晶を濾取した。この結晶を水で洗浄し、乾燥することで中間体(13-1)を17g得た。N-エチルピロリドン200mlに中間体(13-1)17g、2-メチル安息香酸メチル38g、ナトリウムメトキシド33gを加え40℃で8時間攪拌した。室温に冷却後、反応液に1N塩酸水、酢酸エチル、ヘキサンを加え、析出した結晶を濾取した。この結晶をイソプロパノールで再結晶し、乾燥することで目的物を20g得た。
2 上側偏光板吸収軸の方向
3 液晶セル上電極基板
4 上基板の配向制御方向
5 液晶層
6 液晶セル下電極基板
7 下基板の配向制御方向
8 下側偏光板
9 下側偏光板吸収軸の方向
10 液晶表示装置
Claims (14)
- 下記(A)~(C)の要件を満たす水素結合性化合物と、多価アルコールエステル系疎水化剤、重縮合エステル系疎水化剤および炭水化物誘導体系疎水化剤の中から選ばれる少なくとも一つの疎水化剤を含むことを特徴とするセルロースアシレートフィルム。
(A)1分子内に水素結合ドナー部と水素結合アクセプター部の双方を有する。
(B)分子量を水素結合ドナー数と水素結合アクセプター数の合計数で除した値が30以上65以下。
(C)芳香環構造の総数が1以上3以下。 - 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(C-1)で表される化合物である、請求項1に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
- 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(D-1)で表される化合物である、請求項1に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
- 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(E-1)で表される化合物である請求項1に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
一般式(Q)
- 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(F-1)で表される化合物である請求項1に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
- 前記水素結合性化合物が下記一般式(H-1)で表される化合物である請求項1に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
- 前記水素結合性化合物の分子量が100~1000であることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルムを含むことを特徴とする位相差フィルム。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルムまたは請求項12に記載の位相差フィルムを含んでなる偏光板。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載のセルロースアシレートフィルム、請求項12に記載の位相差フィルムまたは請求項13に記載の偏光板を含んでなる液晶表示装置。
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PCT/JP2010/066951 WO2011040468A1 (ja) | 2009-09-29 | 2010-09-29 | セルロースアシレートフィルム、位相差フィルム、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
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US (2) | US8906475B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101627122B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102666704B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011040468A1 (ja) |
Cited By (8)
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US20110262661A1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-27 | Fujifilm Corporation | Optical performance humidity dependency improving agent for cellulose acylate film |
JP2012203284A (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-22 | Fujifilm Corp | 偏光板、及びそれを有する液晶表示装置 |
JP2012226060A (ja) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-11-15 | Fujifilm Corp | セルロースエステルフィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2013020223A (ja) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-01-31 | Fujifilm Corp | 高分子フィルム、セルロースエステルフィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2013061465A (ja) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-04-04 | Konica Minolta Advanced Layers Inc | 光学フィルム、それを含む偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
JP2013088612A (ja) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-05-13 | Konica Minolta Advanced Layers Inc | 光学フィルム、偏光板、および液晶表示装置 |
US20140363588A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2014-12-11 | Fujifilm Corporation | Polymer film, retardation film, polarizing plate, liquid crystal display, and compound |
JP2015134938A (ja) * | 2010-12-01 | 2015-07-27 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 高分子フィルム、位相差フィルム、偏光板、液晶表示装置、及び化合物 |
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JP2014059547A (ja) * | 2012-08-23 | 2014-04-03 | Fujifilm Corp | 偏光板及び液晶表示装置 |
TWI572600B (zh) * | 2013-01-10 | 2017-03-01 | Konica Minolta Inc | 樹脂組成物、三唑化合物、光學薄膜、偏光板、光學透鏡、圓偏光板、及圖像顯示裝置 |
JP6219338B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-10 | 2017-10-25 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学フィルム、偏光板、および液晶表示装置 |
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- 2010-09-29 US US13/498,865 patent/US8906475B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-29 KR KR1020127011095A patent/KR101627122B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-29 CN CN201080053972.7A patent/CN102666704B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-29 WO PCT/JP2010/066951 patent/WO2011040468A1/ja active Application Filing
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2014
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JP2009173818A (ja) * | 2008-01-28 | 2009-08-06 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | セルロースエステルフィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20110262661A1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-27 | Fujifilm Corporation | Optical performance humidity dependency improving agent for cellulose acylate film |
US9145417B2 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2015-09-29 | Fujifilm Corporation | Optical performance humidity dependency improving agent for cellulose acylate film |
US20140363588A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2014-12-11 | Fujifilm Corporation | Polymer film, retardation film, polarizing plate, liquid crystal display, and compound |
JP2015134938A (ja) * | 2010-12-01 | 2015-07-27 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 高分子フィルム、位相差フィルム、偏光板、液晶表示装置、及び化合物 |
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US9656969B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2017-05-23 | Fujifilm Corporation | Polymer film, retardation film, polarizing plate, liquid crystal display, and compound |
JP2012203284A (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-22 | Fujifilm Corp | 偏光板、及びそれを有する液晶表示装置 |
JP2012226060A (ja) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-11-15 | Fujifilm Corp | セルロースエステルフィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2013020223A (ja) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-01-31 | Fujifilm Corp | 高分子フィルム、セルロースエステルフィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2013061465A (ja) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-04-04 | Konica Minolta Advanced Layers Inc | 光学フィルム、それを含む偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
JP2013088612A (ja) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-05-13 | Konica Minolta Advanced Layers Inc | 光学フィルム、偏光板、および液晶表示装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120180697A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
CN102666704A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
KR20120083892A (ko) | 2012-07-26 |
US8906475B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 |
KR101627122B1 (ko) | 2016-06-03 |
US9151883B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
US20140318413A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
CN102666704B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
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