WO2011040387A1 - 蓄熱給湯空調機 - Google Patents
蓄熱給湯空調機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011040387A1 WO2011040387A1 PCT/JP2010/066767 JP2010066767W WO2011040387A1 WO 2011040387 A1 WO2011040387 A1 WO 2011040387A1 JP 2010066767 W JP2010066767 W JP 2010066767W WO 2011040387 A1 WO2011040387 A1 WO 2011040387A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- path
- supply
- heat medium
- heat storage
- Prior art date
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 321
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- MCYYJHPHBOPLMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S MCYYJHPHBOPLMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGPIGKCOQYBCJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;acetic acid;hydroxide Chemical compound O.[Na+].CC([O-])=O DGPIGKCOQYBCJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0096—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater combined with domestic apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
- F24F2005/0025—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using heat exchange fluid storage tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
- F24F2221/18—Details or features not otherwise provided for combined with domestic apparatus
- F24F2221/183—Details or features not otherwise provided for combined with domestic apparatus combined with a hot-water boiler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
- F24F2221/54—Heating and cooling, simultaneously or alternatively
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat storage hot water supply air conditioner (heat storage device) that performs hot water supply and air conditioning (cooling or heating) with heat stored using, for example, a heat pump mechanism.
- heat storage device heat storage device
- air conditioning cooling or heating
- Patent Document 1 With this heat storage device, an improvement in heat transfer between the heat storage body and the heat medium in the heat storage tank and a decrease in the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heat storage tank can be obtained at the same time, without operating the heat source device. In addition, a large amount of heat per unit time can be supplied to the load device.
- Patent Document 2 a heat storage system including a plurality of heat storage tanks that store a heat medium heated by a heat source according to a use and a heat exchange unit that transfers heat between the plurality of heat storage tanks.
- the heating storage tank and the heat source are connected via a circulation circuit, and the warm water for heating from the heat source is stored in the heating storage tank.
- the heating circuit with a radiator is connected to the circulation circuit for heating. Heating is performed with hot water for heating from the heat storage tank, and a hot water supply heat exchange circuit with a hot water supply heat exchanger and a bathtub heat exchange circuit with a bathtub heat exchanger are connected to the circulation circuit.
- the hot water supply heat exchanger is connected to a hot water supply circulation circuit interposing a hot water supply heat storage tank, and hot water for hot water supply is stored in the hot water supply heat storage tank, and the hot water supply circuit is connected to the hot water supply circulation circuit for hot water supply.
- the bathtub circuit is connected to the bathtub heat exchanger to boil the hot water in the bathtub, and the shortage of the hot water for the hot water storage tank is consumed by the heating water from the heating storage tank.
- this heat storage system can compensate for the amount of heat by means of heat exchange even if the heat amount of each heat storage tank is insufficient, and the heat storage tank can be made smaller by avoiding the enlargement of each heat storage tank. It can be installed in a small place and the initial cost can be reduced.
- Prior Art 1 is a configuration in which heat from a heat source device is temporarily stored in a heat storage tank, and heat stored in the heat storage tank is supplied to a load device that uses the heat.
- this prior art 1 (patent document 1), when warm heat is accumulated in the heat storage tank, cold heat cannot be supplied to the load device (cooling is not possible).
- the load device when cold heat is accumulated in the heat storage tank, the load device cannot be supplied with warm heat (cannot be heated).
- the heat utilization by the load device is either only the heat utilization or only the cold utilization, and even if there are a plurality of load devices in parallel, the hot water supply and the cold use cooling are used. There is a problem that convenience cannot be used at the same time, and convenience is low.
- Patent Document 2 The basic configuration of the prior art 2 (Patent Document 2) is the same as that of the prior art 1. However, if it is impossible to operate, heat is temporarily stored in the heat storage tank for heating, and heat is stored in the heat storage tank for hot water supply by heat exchange. And hot water supply by the hot water storage tank can be performed at the same time. However, there is a problem that waste of energy for switching the heat once stored in the heat storage tank for heating to cooling is large, and there is a problem that cooling and bath remedy cannot be used at the same time. In addition, depending on the quality of the water supply, hot water storage tanks have a problem that low-temperature heat storage promotes germ growth and high-temperature heat storage promotes scale generation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a regenerative hot water supply air conditioner that can provide “hot water supply and cooling at the same time” or “hot water supply and heating at the same time” and at different temperatures and heat quantities.
- This heat storage hot water supply air conditioner greatly enhances convenience, especially by operating the heat pump mechanism efficiently at a heating temperature that is lower than hot water supply or heat storage, and suppressing the growth of bacteria and scales in the heat storage tank during hot water supply
- An object of the present invention is to provide a heat storage hot water supply air conditioner.
- the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner of this invention is A first supply heat exchanger that heats or cools the second heat medium by heat exchange between the first heat demand section that requires hot or cold heat and the first heat medium that has been heated or cooled; A first path connecting the second heat medium from the first supply heat exchanger to the first heat demand section and a return path connecting the second heat medium from the first heat demand section to the first supply heat exchanger.
- a supply path for branching the second heat medium heated by the first supply heat exchanger from the forward path of the first circulation path by the first heat medium having a high temperature is connected, and the first circulation path
- the distribution of the second heat medium that reaches the first heat demand section from the first supply heat exchanger and the distribution of the second heat medium that branches from the forward path of the first circulation path to the supply path are changed.
- a first switching unit that The first heat storage tank and the second heat demand part that requires heat are provided from the first heat storage tank to the second heat demand part. It is characterized by comprising a second circulation path connected by a forward path to which the second heat medium travels and a return path from which the second heat medium travels to the first heat storage tank from the second heat demand section.
- heat storage hot water supply air conditioner of the present invention it is possible to provide “hot water supply and cooling simultaneously” or “hot water supply and heating simultaneously”, and at different temperatures and heat quantities.
- air conditioning such as heating or cooling
- energy saving, suppression of germ propagation, and scale generation can be achieved at the same time.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a flow of the second heat medium 10 during “cooling or heating” in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows a flow of second heat medium 10 during “hot water supply” in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows the flow of the 2nd heat medium 10 at the time of the thermal storage in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. The figure which shows the flow of the 2nd heat medium 10 in case heat storage in Embodiment 1 is enough.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a flow of the first heat medium 3 of the A method of the heat pump mechanism 2-1 in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a flow of a first heat medium 3 of a B system of the heat pump mechanism 2-1 in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a flow of a C-type first heat medium 3 of the heat pump mechanism 2-1 in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 100 is an example of a first circulation path 14, a first heat storage tank 16, a heat storage switching valve 19, which is an example of a first switching unit, a second circulation path 23, a return path 18, and a second switching unit.
- An exhaust heat switching valve 20 and a control device 50 for controlling a control target such as a pump, a valve, and a compressor are provided.
- the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 100 includes a heat pump mechanism 2 (also called a heat pump device) as a heat source.
- the heat pump mechanism 2 includes a heat pump circuit 4, a compressor 5, a circulation switching valve 6, an expansion valve 7, an outside air heat exchanger 9, and a first supply heat exchanger 11.
- the heat pump circulation path 4 circulates while compressing and expanding the first heat medium 3 that can be gas-liquid two-phase within a use temperature and pressure range such as hydrocarbon system and carbon dioxide.
- the compressor 5 pumps the first heat medium 3 in a gas phase to increase the temperature and pressure.
- the circulation switching valve 6 changes the pressure feeding direction of the compressor 5, that is, the circulation direction of the first heat medium 3 in the heat pump circulation path 4.
- the expansion valve 7 expands the high-pressure liquid-phase first heat medium 3 to the gas-liquid mixed phase to lower the temperature and pressure.
- the outside air heat exchanger 9 exchanges heat between the outside air blown by the fan 8 and the first heat medium 3.
- the first supply heat exchanger 11 exchanges heat between the second heat medium 10 and the first heat medium 3, which are antifreeze liquids in which glycerin or the like is mixed with water so as not to be solidified to a low temperature.
- the heat pump mechanism 2 radiates heat absorbed from either the outside air or the second heat medium 10 to the other using the condensation and vaporization of the first heat medium 3 in the heat pump circuit 4.
- the heat pump mechanism 2 moves heat between the outside air and the second heat medium 10 via the first heat medium 3 more efficiently than the power required for compression of the compressor 5.
- the 1st heat medium 3 and the 2nd heat medium 10 are the structures which are not mixed only by heat-exchanging.
- the circulation switching valve 6 is a four-way valve. In the four-way valve, four connection paths A, B, C, and D are connected, and the connection path A and the connection path B, and the connection path C and the connection path D circulate, and the connection path A and The connection path C and the state in which the connection path B and the connection path D are in circulation can be changed.
- First circuit 14 a first circulation in which the second heat medium 10 is circulated by the first pump 13 between the first supply heat exchanger 11 and the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 as the first heat demand unit 401.
- a path 14 is formed. That is, the first circulation path 14 is a path of the first supply heat exchanger 11, the heat storage switching valve 19, the air conditioning heat exchanger 12, the first pump 13, and the first supply heat exchanger 11.
- the forward path 14 a of the first circulation path is a path of the first supply heat exchanger 11, the heat storage switching valve 19, and the air conditioning heat exchanger 12.
- the return path 14 b of the first circulation path is a path of the air conditioning heat exchanger 12, the first pump 13, and the first supply heat exchanger 11.
- the use of the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 is for cooling or heating indoor air.
- the first circulation path forward path 14 a flows from the first supply heat exchanger 11 to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12.
- the supply path 15 is branched from the middle, and the other end of the supply path 15 is connected to the upper part of the first heat storage tank 16.
- a discharge path 17 is connected to the lower part of the first heat storage tank 16 on the side opposite to the position where the supply path 15 is connected.
- the other end of the discharge path 17 joins in the middle of the return path 14b of the first circulation path through which the second heat medium 10 flows from the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 to the first supply heat exchanger 11.
- (2. First heat storage tank 16) The first heat storage tank 16 is sealed with respect to the outside, and a predetermined amount of the second heat medium 10 is always accommodated. As the second heat medium 10 is supplied from the supply path 15, it is pushed out from the first heat storage tank 16 to the discharge path 17 and discharged.
- (3. Return path 18) A return path 18 is branched from the middle of the discharge path 17, and the other end of the return path 18 is between the position branched to the supply path 15 (installation position of the heat storage switching valve 19) and the air conditioning heat exchanger 12. To the forward path 14a of the first circulation path.
- Air conditioning heat exchanger 12 The air conditioning heat exchanger 12 is provided in an indoor unit for cooling or heating. In the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12, heat is transferred between the room air and the second heat medium 10 circulating in the first circulation path 14, and when the second heat medium 10 circulates warm heat, Is heated, and when the second heat medium 10 circulates cold, the room is cooled. By providing a fan (not shown) that blows indoor air to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12, heat exchange efficiency can be further increased.
- the cooling and heating by the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 may be based on radiation without providing a fan or the like.
- the first pump 13 is provided between the position where the discharge path 17 joins the return path 14 b of the first circulation path and the first supply heat exchanger 11. There is one first pump 13. (1) The first pump 13 includes the first supply heat exchanger 11 during the air-conditioning operation (heating operation or cooling operation) in the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 by the forward path 14a of the first circulation path and the return path 14b of the first circulation path. The second heat medium 10 is circulated between the air conditioner heat exchanger 12 and the air conditioner heat exchanger 12.
- the 1st pump 13 is the 1st supply heat exchanger 11 and the 1st heat storage tank 16 at the time of the heat storage driving
- the second heat medium 10 is circulated between the two.
- the first pump 13 is operated in the heat storage operation to the first heat storage tank 16 in the route of the supply path 15, the first heat storage tank 16, the discharge path 17, and the return path 18 and in the air conditioning operation in the air conditioning heat exchanger 12.
- power for flowing the second heat medium 10 between the first supply heat exchanger 11 and the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 via the first heat storage tank 16 is provided.
- a heat storage switching valve 19 that is a three-way valve is provided as a first switching unit at a portion that branches from the forward path 14 a of the first circulation path to the supply path 15.
- the three-way valve is connected to three connection paths A, B, and C, and changes whether the connection path A and the connection path B are circulated or the connection path A and the connection path C are circulated.
- the flow amount in two directions is exclusively changed so that the flow in one direction is fully opened and the flow in the other direction is fully closed.
- the heat storage switching valve 19 determines the flow rate of the second heat medium 10 that branches to the supply path 15 and the flow rate of the second heat medium 10 that flows to the forward path 14 a of the first circulation path without branching to the supply path 15. Can be changed exclusively. That is, the first switching unit distributes the second heat medium 10 reaching the first heat demand unit 401 from the first supply heat exchanger 11, and the second branching from the forward path 14 a of the first circulation path 14 to the supply path 15. The distribution of the heat medium 10 is changed.
- an exhaust heat switching valve 20 that is a three-way valve is provided at a portion where the return path 18 branches from the exhaust path 17.
- the exhaust heat switching valve 20 has a circulation amount of the second heat medium 10 that merges from the first heat storage tank 16 to the return path 14b of the first circulation path, and a second heat that merges in the return path 18 to the outbound path 14a of the first circulation path.
- the distribution amount of the medium 10 can be changed exclusively.
- the second switching unit distributes the second heat medium 10 that flows through the return path 18 and the second heat medium that merges from the first heat storage tank 16 via the discharge path 17 to the return path 14b of the first circulation path 14. 10 distribution is changed.
- the 2nd heat medium 10 circulates with the 2nd pump 22 between the 1st heat storage tank 16 and the 2nd heat demand part 501 and the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 for hot water supply.
- a second circulation path 23 is formed.
- the forward path 23a of the second circulation path connects the upper part of the first heat storage tank 16 to which the supply path 15 is connected to the hot water supply heat exchanger 21, and the return path 23b of the second circulation path is
- the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 is connected to the lower part of the first heat storage tank 16 to which the discharge path 17 is connected.
- a hot water supply path 24 for supplying tap water and a hot water supply path 25 for hot water supply are connected to the hot water supply heat exchanger 21.
- the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 the second heat medium 10 circulated in the second circulation path 23 and the tap water supplied in the water supply path 24 are heat-exchanged, and the tap water supplied in the water supply path 24 is heated. Hot water is supplied to a desired place through the hot water supply path 25.
- the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 has a configuration in which the second heat medium 10 in the second circulation path 23 and the tap water supplied in the water supply path 24 are only mixed by heat exchange.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the flow of the second heat medium 10 during the heat storage operation.
- the broken line a shows the flow of the second heat medium 10 during the heat storage operation.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the flow of the second heat medium 10 during the “heat storage and heating” operation. In the figure, the broken line b indicates the flow of the second heat medium 10 during “heat storage and heating”.
- the second heat medium 10 still depends on having a temperature that can be provided for heating.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of the second heat medium 10 during the “heating or cooling” operation.
- the broken line c indicates the flow of the second heat medium 10 during the “heating or cooling operation”. This will be described with reference to FIG.
- the heat storage switching valve 19 is fully closed to the supply path 15 side and the exhaust heat switching valve 20 is fully closed or fully opened to the return path 18 side, the following occurs.
- the entire amount of the second heat medium 10 heated or cooled by the first supply heat exchanger 11 is supplied to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 and is not stored in the first heat storage tank 16, and is heated by the air conditioning heat exchanger 12. It becomes the state of operation or cooling operation.
- the exhaust heat switching valve 20 is in an intermediate state that is not fully opened or fully closed to the return path 18 side, the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 is bypassed and the forward path 14a of the first circulation path is passed through the return path 18.
- the second heat medium 10 flows backward to the return path 14b of the first circulation path. For this reason, it is possible not to make such an open / closed state, or to provide a check valve in the return path 18 to prevent backflow.
- the second heat medium 10 that has just been switched from the heat storage operation to the heating operation (the temperature is lower than that of the heat storage operation) using the backflow of the return path 18 is transient so as not to be supplied to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12. It may be used to adjust automatically.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the flow of the second heat medium 10 during the “hot water supply” operation.
- a broken line d indicates the flow of the second heat medium 10 during the hot water supply operation.
- An example of the hot water supply operation will be described with reference to FIG.
- the low-temperature (for example, 20 ° C.) water supplied from the water supply channel 24 to the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 is heated by heat exchange with the second heat medium 10 and is heated to the hot water supply temperature (for example 45 ° C.). Hot water is supplied through. Therefore, as long as heat is stored in the first heat storage tank 16, a hot water supply operation is possible regardless of cooling or heating in the air conditioning heat exchanger 12.
- the second heat medium 10 having a low temperature (for example, 35 ° C.) is returned from the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 to the lower portion of the first heat storage tank 16 through the return path 23b of the second circulation path.
- the above temperature may take various temperature patterns depending on the temperature, flow rate, specific heat, and the like of the second heat medium 10 of the second circulation path 23 and the water supplied from the water supply path 24. In this case, it is possible to easily control the hot water supply temperature from the hot water supply passage 25 by operating the rotational frequency of the second pump 22 or the like.
- the heat storage amount gradually decreases in the first heat storage tank 16.
- the low temperature region of the second heat medium 10 gradually increases from the lower side, and the high temperature region on the upper side gradually decreases.
- the second heat medium 10 of the first heat storage tank 16 becomes a low temperature region up to the upper part, it means that the amount of heat storage is lost, and naturally, hot water supply at a hot water supply temperature (for example, 45 ° C.) can be performed. Disappear.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the flow of the second heat medium 10 during heat storage (heat storage operation performed before the first heat storage tank 16 runs out of heat storage).
- the flow of the second heat medium 10 is the same as that in FIG.
- the heat storage operation performed before the heat storage amount of the 1st heat storage tank 16 runs out is demonstrated.
- the control device 50 detects a decrease in the heat storage amount.
- the control device 50 drives the heat pump mechanism 2, and the control device 50 supplies the first heat medium 3 compressed by the compressor 5 to a high temperature to the first supply heat exchanger 11.
- the control device 50 drives the first pump 13
- the second heat medium 10 is supplied to the first supply heat exchanger 11 through the first circulation path 14, and the second heat medium 10 is heat-exchanged with the first heat medium 3. Heated.
- the heating temperature of the second heat medium 10 is adjusted to be higher (for example, 55 ° C.) than during the heating operation.
- the heating temperature of the second heat medium 10 is adjusted by adjusting the temperature and flow rate of the first heat medium 3 supplied to the first supply heat exchanger 11 by the heat pump mechanism 2.
- the heating temperature of the second heat medium 10 can be adjusted by the flow rate of the second heat medium 10 circulated by the first pump 13. If the heat storage switching valve 19 is fully opened to the supply path 15 side, the second heat medium 10 heated by the first supply heat exchanger 11 is supplied to the upper part of the first heat storage tank 16 by the supply path 15, and the first The heat storage tank 16 stores heat. At this time, if the heating operation in the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 is not required simultaneously with the heat storage operation, the exhaust heat switching valve 20 is fully closed to the return path 18 side (the case of FIG. 6 is applicable).
- the second heat medium 10 discharged from the lower portion of the first heat storage tank 16 through the discharge path 17 joins the return path 14b of the first circulation path.
- the second heat medium 10 discharged from the lower part of the first heat storage tank 16 at 35 ° C. is returned to the first supply heat exchanger 11.
- the heat storage operation to the first heat storage tank 16 is performed.
- the exhaust heat switching valve 20 is fully opened to the return path 18 side. This is the case described with the route of the broken line b described in FIG.
- the second heat medium 10 discharged from the lower part of the first heat storage tank 16 through the discharge path 17 joins to the forward path 14 a of the first circulation path via the return path 18.
- the second heat medium 10 discharged from the lower portion of the first heat storage tank 16 is supplied to the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 at 35 ° C. and heat-exchanged, and returned to the first supply heat exchanger 11 at 25 ° C., for example. .
- the second heat medium 10 is repeatedly circulated along this path (broken line b), so that the first heat storage tank 16 continues to store heat, and at the same time, the heating operation in the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 is continued.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the flow of the second heat medium 10 when heat storage in the first heat storage tank 16 is sufficient.
- the path of the second heat medium 10 is a path indicated by a broken line c in FIG.
- the second heat medium 10 heated by the first supply heat exchanger 11 may be at a low temperature of about 35 ° C., for example.
- the heat storage switching valve 19 is fully closed on the supply path 15 side, and the exhaust heat switching valve 20 is either fully closed or fully open on the return path side, and the second heat medium is supplied from the supply path 15 to the first heat storage tank 16. The state that does not flow to. In this way, the first heat storage tank 16 is completely separated from the first circulation path 14.
- the second heat medium 10 heated by the first supply heat exchanger 11 is supplied to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12, and the heating operation in the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 is possible. It becomes. Further, unlike the warm heat stored in the first heat storage tank 16, it may be cooled by the second heat medium 10 in the first circulation path 14. Therefore, not only the heating operation but also the cooling operation in the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 can be performed by supplying the second heat medium 10 cooled by the first supply heat exchanger 11 to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12. it can.
- the first outlet of the first supply heat exchanger 11 is changed. 2
- the temperature of the heat medium 10 be the first temperature T1.
- the second temperature T2 is lower than the first temperature T1 not only during the cooling operation but also during the heating operation. That is, T1> T2 It is.
- the temperature of the second heat medium 10 at the outlet of the first supply heat exchanger 11 is the first temperature T1 when heat storage is involved, and the temperature lower than the first temperature T1 during cooling and heating without heat storage.
- the temperature T2 is relatively defined to be 2.
- Each of the first temperature T1 and the second temperature T2 may not be a single temperature (fixed value).
- the first temperature T1 of the second heat medium 10 may be set higher than usual.
- the second temperature T2 may be set higher than normal, and when it is desired to increase the cooling capacity, it may be set lower than normal. In this way, by changing the first temperature T1 and the second temperature T2, the heat storage capacity and the air conditioning capacity can be set more freely.
- the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 100 of the first embodiment With the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 100 of the first embodiment, with one heat pump mechanism 2, supply of heat or cold to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 (for heating or cooling) and supply of hot heat to the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 ( Hot water supply) at the same time and separately at different suitable heat amounts and temperatures. Therefore, convenience is greatly improved.
- the temperature of the second heat medium 10 at the outlet of the first supply heat exchanger 11 is set to the first temperature T1 during the heat storage operation or the “heat storage and heating” operation. The operation is distinguished from the second temperature T2, which is lower than the first temperature T1, during the heating operation.
- the heat pump mechanism 2 can be operated more efficiently by generating the second heat medium 10 having the second temperature T2 that is lower than the first temperature T1. Further, since the heat storage operation is not always required, in the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 100 that performs both the heating operation and the heat storage operation, the second heat medium 10 is set to one temperature (the first temperature that is the highest temperature required). Compared with the case of generating in T1), less power is required, that is, the necessary heat can be supplied efficiently.
- the use is limited to hot water supply and additional heat can be stored at any time, it is not necessary to secure an excessive amount of heat storage in the first heat storage tank 16, and the first heat storage tank 16 can be downsized. Further, since heat storage at a relatively low temperature (55 ° C. in the above) is sufficient, power of the heat pump mechanism 2 for storing heat can be reduced, and heat radiation can be suppressed without strengthening heat insulation.
- the stored water (hot water) since the stored water (hot water) is not supplied, it is possible to avoid mixing in hot water by breeding of germs and the like that are likely to occur at low temperatures, and the hygiene of the hot water can be maintained. Moreover, since a higher temperature operation is temporarily not required for sterilization, the heat pump mechanism 2 is not operated inefficiently. Or since the operation which makes it high temperature not with the heat pump mechanism 2 temporarily but with an electric heater is required for sterilization, electric power consumption can be reduced and it is energy saving. In addition, since the stored water (hot water) is not supplied, new water is not supplied to the portion where the water (hot water) is stored by the hot water supply, that is, a component that is the basis of the scale contained in the supplied water Therefore, scale generation is suppressed.
- the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 100 includes a return path 18.
- the second heat medium 10 is supplied from the supply path 15 to the first heat storage tank 16 to store heat during the heat storage operation to the first heat storage tank 16 whose amount of heat storage has been reduced by the hot water supply. Simultaneously with this heat storage, the supply of heat (heating) to the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12, which may be at a lower temperature than during the heat storage operation to the first heat storage tank 16, utilizes the exhaust heat from the first heat storage tank 16 through the return path 18. Is possible.
- the temperature of the second heat medium 10 returned to the first supply heat exchanger 11 during the heat storage operation can be lowered by passing through the air conditioning heat exchanger 12, and the temperature difference between the input and output at the first supply heat exchanger 11 Therefore, the heat pump mechanism 2 can be operated with higher efficiency.
- the second heat medium 10 is an antifreeze liquid, but temperature management is required to prevent freezing, but water may be used.
- the flow direction of the second heat medium 10 that circulates in the first circulation path 14 is the same whether the second heat medium 10 is cooled or heated by the first supply heat exchanger 11. It was shown to be. However, it may be circulated in the opposite direction between the case of heating (heating operation and heat storage operation) and the case of cooling (cooling operation). In order to do so, the direction of rotation of the first pump 13 is reversed, or a switching valve and a pipe similar to that between the switching valve 6 and the compressor 5 in the heat pump mechanism 2 are provided and reversed. Good.
- the circulation direction of the second heat medium 10 is opposite to that during heating, and the forward path 14a of the first circulation path is a return path,
- the return path 14b of the first circulation path is the forward path.
- the circulation direction of the first heat medium 3 is reversed during heating and cooling
- the direction of circulation of the second heat medium 10 is also reversed during heating and cooling when heating and cooling. Both can be counter flow. Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency in the 1st supply heat exchanger 11 can be maintained highly.
- the circulation direction of the second heat medium 10 in the first circulation path 14 is reversed between when the second heat medium 10 is heated and when it is cooled by the first supply heat exchanger 11, as follows. May be.
- a piping and a switching valve are provided that cross from the forward path 14a of the first circulation path to the return path 14b of the first circulation path, and from the return path 14b of the first circulation path to the forward path 14a of the first circulation path.
- the direction which supplies the 2nd heat carrier 10 to the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 which is the 1st heat demand part 401 may be made not to change with the time of cooling operation and the time of heating operation.
- Air conditioning heat exchanger 12 Air conditioning heat exchanger 12
- the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 may be provided in parallel with a configuration in which the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 is branched from the forward path 14a of the first circulation path and merges with the return path 14b of the first circulation path.
- the first heat demand unit 401 may be not only the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 but also so-called floor heating that warms indoor air from the floor surface.
- the first switching unit may not be a three-way valve provided in a portion branched to the supply path 15 like the heat storage switching valve 19.
- the two valves may be provided separately. In this way, since the opening degree of the valve can be changed (adjusted) independently and independently, there is no exclusivity of the flow rate, and the flow rate can be changed over a wider range than in the case of a three-way valve.
- any of the valves including the three-way valve may be a two-position opening / closing valve that is open and closed with respect to the flow direction.
- the second switching unit may not be a three-way valve provided in a portion branching to the return path like the exhaust heat switching valve 20.
- the valve provided in the return path 18 and the valve provided in the discharge path 17 after branching to the return path 18 may be separately provided. In this way, since the opening degree of the valve can be changed (adjusted) independently and independently, there is no exclusivity of the flow rate, and the flow rate can be changed over a wider range than in the case of a three-way valve. If the valve is not a three-way valve, the return path 18 may not be branched from the discharge path 17 but may be directly connected to the lower portion of the first heat storage tank 16.
- any of the valves including the three-way valve may be a two-position opening / closing valve that is open and closed with respect to the flow direction.
- the valve provided in the discharge path 17 may be shared by the 1st switching part and the 2nd switching part.
- the first heat storage tank 16 At the time of operation (at the time of heat storage operation) in which at least a part of the second heat medium 10 having the first temperature T1 is supplied to the first heat storage tank 16 via the supply path 15, the first heat storage tank 16
- the temperature T16 of the second heat medium 10 discharged from the air is lower than the second temperature T2, and the temperature T12 of the return path 14b of the first circulation path at the outlet of the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 of the first heat demand section 401.
- That means T2>T16> T12
- the heat storage switching valve 19 that is the first switching unit is configured to be capable of continuously adjusting the opening, thereby enabling the flow rate to be adjusted.
- a temperature lower than the second temperature T2 flowing through the return path 18 (the temperature T16 of the second heat medium 10 discharged from the first heat storage tank 16) and the first temperature T1
- the temperature of the second heat medium 10 supplied to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 can be controlled to the second temperature T2. If it does in this way, the 2nd heat carrier 10 of the 1st temperature T1 can be supplied to the 1st heat storage tank 16 at the time of heat storage operation, and the 1st heat demand is used for the 2nd heat carrier 10 at the time of heating operation in heat storage heating simultaneous operation.
- the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 that is the unit 401 can be reliably supplied at the second temperature T2. Moreover, although it is heat-stored in the 1st heat storage tank 16, the temperature which is low and cannot be used for hot water supply can be utilized to the maximum for heating. In addition, since the heat that is not used in the first heat storage tank 16 and merges with the return path 14b of the first circulation path can be minimized, the first return to the first supply heat exchanger 11 through the return path 14b of the first circulation path. 2 An increase in temperature of the heat medium 10 can be suppressed. Therefore, since the temperature difference between the second heat medium 10 entering and exiting the first supply heat exchanger 11 can be maintained large, the heat pump mechanism 2 can be operated with high efficiency and energy saving can be achieved.
- the forward path 23 a of the second circulation path and the return path 23 b of the second circulation path are directly connected to the first heat storage tank 16.
- the forward path 23 a of the second circulation path may be branched from the supply path 15, and the return path 23 b of the second circulation path may join the discharge path 17.
- a pump (not shown) may be provided in the water supply path 24 or the hot water supply path 25.
- the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 for hot water supply is shown as the second heat demand unit 501, but another second heat demand unit 501 may be used.
- the second pump 22, and the second circulation path 23 instead of heating tap water, additional heat for heating the bathtub water circulated from the bathtub by a pump (not shown).
- the exchanger may be the second heat demand unit 501.
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a regenerative hot water supply air conditioner 200 according to the second embodiment. Differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- the second heat demand unit 501 is connected to the first heat storage tank 16 by the forward path 23a of the second circulation path and the return path 23b of the second circulation path, similarly to the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 100. It has a hot water supply heat exchanger 21 (first heating unit).
- the second heat demand section 501 has a memorial heat exchanger 27 (in the middle of the memorial path 26 (branch path) branched from the forward path 23a of the second circulation path and joined to the return path 23b of the second circulation path.
- a second heating unit was provided.
- the remedy heat exchanger 27 is for heating the tub water circulating through the tub water circulation path 29 between the tub 28 by the remedy pump 30 by the second heat medium 10 flowing through the remedy path 26. .
- the bath water and the second heat medium 10 are merely mixed in the memory heat exchanger 27 and are not mixed.
- a part of the hot water supply path 25 is branched and merged into the bathtub water circulation path 29 so that hot water can be supplied from the bathtub water circulation path 29 to the bathtub 28.
- a shut-off valve (not shown) that opens when hot water is supplied to the bathtub 28 and closes when hot water is not supplied is provided in the middle of the route that branches from the hot water supply passage 25 and joins the bathtub water circulation passage 29.
- a memorial switching valve 31 as a third switching unit is provided at a portion where the memorial path 26 merges with the return path 23b of the second circulation path.
- the memorial switching valve 31 is a three-way valve, and the flow amount of the second heat medium 10 branched from the forward path 23a of the second circulation path and circulated through the memorial path 26 to the memorial heat exchanger 27; The flow rate of the second heat medium 10 flowing through the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 can be exclusively changed.
- the control device 50 drives the second pump 22 and switches the remedy switching valve 31 so as to be fully closed toward the remedy passage 26, so that the second heat medium 10 of the first heat storage tank 16 is switched. Is circulated from the forward path 23a of the second circulation path through the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 to the return path 23b of the second circulation path. The water supplied from the water supply passage 24 is heated by the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 by exchanging heat with the second heat medium 10 in the second circulation passage 23 and supplied from the hot water supply passage 25.
- the hot water supply operation is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the memory switching valve 31 is operated.
- the control device 50 causes the chasing pump 30. And tub water is circulated in the bathtub water circulation path 29 between the bathtub 28 and the memory heat exchanger 27. At the same time, the control device 50 drives the second pump 22 and switches the follow-up switching valve 31 to the follow-up passage 26 side so as to be fully opened, so that the second heat medium 10 of the first heat storage tank 16 is connected to the second circulation passage. From the forward path 23 a, it passes through the memorial path 26 and flows to the return path 23 b of the second circulation path, and is supplied to the memorial heat exchanger 27.
- Heat is exchanged from the second heat medium (for example, 55 ° C.) to the bath water in the memory heat exchanger 27, and by continuing this chasing operation, the bath water in the bath 28 is chased to a predetermined temperature (for example, 42 ° C.). Be whispered.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 42 ° C.
- Be whispered the temperature of the bathtub water in the bathtub water circulation path 29 entering the remedy heat exchanger 27 from the tub 28 is detected by the temperature sensor 58, and if the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, the remedy operation is terminated.
- the memorial operation may be terminated upon request by a person.
- the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 200 is configured as described above, and in addition to the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 connected to the second circulation path as the second heat demand unit 501, the memorial heat path 26 and the memorial heat exchange. Since the container 27 and the renewal switching valve 31 are provided, the hot water supply operation and the bath water renewal operation can be performed by the single second pump 22.
- the third switching unit is not a three-way valve provided in a portion where the memorial path 26 merges with the return path 23b of the second circulation path like the memorial switching valve 31, but the memorial path from the forward path 23a of the second circulation path.
- a three-way valve provided at a portion branched to 26 may be used.
- the third switching unit branches to the return path 23b of the second circulation path or the memorial path 26 until the valve provided in the memorial path 26, the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 and the memorial path 26 merge. It may be divided into two valves, a valve provided on either one of the forward path 23a of the second circulation path between the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 and the hot water supply heat exchanger 21. In this way, since the opening degree of the valve can be individually changed, the flow rate is not exclusive, and the flow rate can be changed over a wider range than in the case of a three-way valve.
- any of the valves including the three-way valve may be a two-position opening / closing valve that is open and closed with respect to the flow direction. If it does in this way, it will become possible to carry out hot water supply operation and memorial operation simultaneously with one second pump 22.
- FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 300 according to the third embodiment. Differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- the heat pump mechanism 2 of the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 100 and the heat pump mechanism of the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 300 have different configurations. For this reason, the sign of the heat pump mechanism of the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 300 is changed as the heat pump mechanism 2-1.
- the first supply heat exchanger 11 is a heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the first heat medium 3 to heat or cool the second heat medium 10.
- the first supply heat exchanger 11 exchanges heat with the first heat medium 3 to “a heat exchanger only for heating the second heat medium 10”. It was. Further, the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 300 exchanges heat with the first heat medium 3 separately from the first supply heat exchanger 11 to “the second supply heat exchanger 32 only for cooling the second heat medium 10”. It has.
- the heat pump mechanism 2-1 includes a first supply heat exchanger bypass path 33 (shown by a broken line in FIG. 9), a second supply heat An exchanger circulation path 34 (shown by a dotted line in FIG. 9) and circulation switching valves 6a, 6b, 6c were provided.
- the first supply heat exchanger bypass 33 prevents the first heat medium 3 from circulating to the first supply heat exchanger 11.
- the second supply heat exchanger circuit 34 circulates the first heat medium 3 to the second supply heat exchanger 32.
- the circulation switching valves 6a, 6b, and 6c are provided at a branching or joining portion with the heat pump circulation path 4, and variously change the path for circulating the first heat medium 3.
- the circulation switching valves 6a and 6b are four-way valves, and the circulation switching valve 6c is a three-way valve.
- the number of valves and paths is not limited, similar switching is possible even with other combinations of valves and paths. .
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the flow of the first heat medium 3 in the first method (referred to as “A method”) of the heat pump mechanism 2-1.
- a method the first heat medium 3 can be circulated in various ways (A method to C method).
- a method to C method the outside air heat exchanger 9 to the circulation switching valve 6a, the circulation switching valve 6, the compressor 5, the circulation switching valve 6, the first supply heat exchanger 11, the circulation switching valve 6c, the expansion valve 7, and the circulation switching.
- the first heat medium 3 is circulated through a path (broken line A) returning to the outside heat exchanger 9 via the valve 6b.
- the outside air heat exchanger 9 absorbs heat from outside air and the first supply heat exchanger 11 dissipates heat, and the second heat medium 10 of the first supply heat exchanger 11 is heated.
- the circulation by the heat pump circulation path 4 is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the outside air heat exchanger 9 radiates heat to the outside air, absorbs heat by the first supply heat exchanger 11, and the second heat of the first supply heat exchanger 11.
- the medium 10 is cooled.
- Embodiment 3 such an operation is not assumed except during the defrosting operation outside the outside air heat exchanger 9.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the flow of the first heat medium 3 in the second method (referred to as “B method”) of the heat pump mechanism 2-1.
- a broken line B indicates the flow of the first heat medium 3 in the B system.
- the first heat medium 3 is transferred from the second supply heat exchanger 32 to the second supply heat exchanger circuit 34, the circulation switching valve 6a, the circulation switching valve 6, the compressor 5, the circulation switching valve 6, and the first supply heat exchanger. 11, the circulation switching valve 6c, the expansion valve 7, the circulation switching valve 6b, the second supply heat exchanger circuit 34, and the second supply heat exchanger 32 are circulated through a route (broken line B).
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the flow of the first heat medium 3 in the third method (referred to as C method) of the heat pump mechanism 2-1.
- a broken line C indicates the flow of the first heat medium 3 in the C system.
- the first heat medium 3 is transferred from the second supply heat exchanger 32 to the second supply heat exchanger circuit 34, the circulation switching valve 6a, the circulation switching valve 6, the compressor 5, the circulation switching valve 6, the first Supply heat exchanger bypass 33, circulation switching valve 6a, outside air heat exchanger 9, circulation switching valve 6b, first supply heat exchanger bypass 33, circulation switching valve 6c, expansion valve 7, circulation switching valve 6b, second It is made to circulate by the path
- FIG. If it does so, it will absorb heat from the 2nd heat medium 10 of the 2nd supply heat exchanger 32, and it will radiate heat with the outside air heat exchanger 9, and the 2nd heat medium 10 of the 2nd supply heat exchanger 32 will be cooled.
- the outside air heat exchanger 9 absorbs heat from the outside air, dissipates heat in the second supply heat exchanger 32, and the second supply heat exchanger 32 2
- the heating medium 10 is heated.
- this operation is not assumed in the third embodiment.
- the first heat demand section 401 includes a second heat storage tank in which the forward path 14a of the first circulation path is connected to the upper part and the return path 14b of the first circulation path is connected to the lower part. 35. And as for the 1st heat demand part 401, between the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 and the 2nd heat storage tank 35 is connected by the 3rd circulation way 36, and the 2nd heat carrier 10 of the 2nd heat storage tank 35 is the 3rd.
- the pump 37 can circulate between the air conditioning heat exchanger 12.
- the forward path 36 a of the third circulation path is connected to the upper part of the second heat storage tank 35, and the return path 36 b of the third circulation path is connected to the lower part of the second heat storage tank 35.
- the 3rd pump 37 is provided in the return path 36b of the 3rd circulation path, the 2nd heat carrier 10 is supplied to the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 from the upper part of the 2nd heat storage tank 35, and the 2nd heat carrier 10 is air-conditioning heat exchange. It returns to the lower part of the 2nd heat storage tank 35 from the container 12.
- bypass path 38 Further, in the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 300, a bypass path 38 is provided.
- the bypass path 38 branches off from the forward path 14 a of the first circulation path between the branch portion to the supply path 15 and the second heat storage tank 35. And the bypass path 38 merges with the return path 14b of the 1st circulation path between the confluence
- the bypass passage 38 is provided with a second supply heat exchanger 32 and a fourth pump 39.
- the second heat medium 10 is supplied to the second heat storage tank 35 (in the case of FIG. 11 or FIG. 12).
- a bypass switching valve 40 is provided as a fourth switching unit at the junction of the discharge path 17 and the return path 14b of the first circulation path.
- the bypass switching valve 40 is a three-way valve, and the flow rate of the second heat medium 10 circulated from the discharge path 17 to the first supply heat exchanger 11 and the first supply heat exchanger 11 from the first heat demand unit 401. It is possible to change (adjust) the flow rate of the second heat medium 10 that circulates.
- bypass switching valve 40 when the bypass switching valve 40 is switched so as to flow from the discharge passage 17 to the first supply heat exchanger 11, it is as follows. That is, the second heat medium 10 cannot flow from the first heat demand unit 401 to the first supply heat exchanger 11, and at the same time, the second heat medium 10 communicates with the first heat demand unit 401 via the bypass 38. It becomes possible to circulate between the second supply heat exchanger 32. That is, the bypass switching valve 40 circulates the second heat medium 10 between the first heat storage tank 16 and the first supply heat exchanger 11 by the first pump 13 (path of the broken line a shown in FIG. 11), The fourth pump 39 is configured to circulate the second heat medium 10 between the first heat demand section 401 and the second supply heat exchanger 32 (the path indicated by the broken line e shown in FIG. 11).
- Heating operation A method
- Heating operation is performed by the air conditioning heat exchanger 12, from the first supply heat exchanger 11 connected by the first circulation path 14, and when the heat storage operation is further used, via the first heat storage tank 16 and the return path 18.
- the heat is transferred to the first heat demand unit 401 by the second heat medium 10 as in the first embodiment.
- the second heat medium 10 does not circulate directly between the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 that is the first heat demand unit 401 of the first embodiment.
- the warm heat is once circulated and supplied to the second heat storage tank 35 by the second heat medium 10, and the warm heat is supplied to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 from the second heat storage tank 35 by the third circulation path 36 and the third pump 37. . Therefore, the amount of heat required for hot water supplied to the hot water supply heat exchanger 21 by the first heat storage tank 16 and the amount of heat required for storing heat from the first supply heat exchanger 11 to the first heat storage tank 16 are separated. ing. Similarly, the amount of heat required for heating supplied to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 by the second heat storage tank 35 and the second heat storage tank via the first supply heat exchanger 11 or the first heat storage tank 16 and the return path 18. The amount of heat necessary for storing heat in 35 is completely separated.
- the heat pump mechanism 2-1 is operated from the outside air heat exchanger 9. This is an operation (A-type operation) in which heat is transferred to the first supply heat exchanger 11 by the first heat medium 3.
- the case of the cooling operation in the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 will be described. For example, this is a case of the B method and the C method in FIGS.
- the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 performs a cooling operation, as described in the description of FIG. 11, the first circulation path 14 other than the bypass path 38 and the bypass path 38 from the second supply heat exchanger 32 is provided.
- the second heat medium 10 cold heat is supplied to the second heat storage tank 35 (path of the broken line e).
- the second heat medium 10 was supplied to the upper part of the second heat storage tank 35.
- the second heat medium 10 is supplied to the lower part of the second heat storage tank 35.
- the layer is separated into a high temperature part that is likely to be stored in the upper part and a low temperature part that is likely to be accumulated in the lower part in the second heat storage tank 35 in both cases of warm heat and cold heat, and the stored heat is effectively used. Because.
- the low-temperature second heat medium 10 flows out from the lower portion of the second heat storage tank 35 into the third circulation path 36. Then, the low-temperature second heat medium 10 is supplied to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 and returned to the upper portion of the second heat storage tank 35, thereby cooling the room with the cold heat supplied to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12.
- the heat to the first heat storage tank 16 is heated.
- an operation (C-type operation) in which heat is transferred from the first supply heat exchanger 11 to the outside air heat exchanger 9 by the first heat medium 3 can be performed.
- the operation can be performed such that heat is transferred from the second supply heat exchanger 32 to the first supply heat exchanger 11 by the first heat medium 3. (B mode operation).
- the above heat storage hot water supply air conditioner 300 has the same effect as that of the first embodiment, but also has the following effect.
- the cooling operation in the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 and the heat storage operation in the first heat storage tank 16 cannot be performed simultaneously.
- the single heat pump mechanism 2-1 can simultaneously store the heat stored in the first heat storage tank 16 and supply the cold heat (cooling) to the first heat demand unit 401 at different temperatures. It is possible with heat quantity. Particularly at the same time, one heat pump mechanism 2-1 can simultaneously generate hot and cold.
- the heat pump mechanism 2-1 can be operated with high efficiency, and the heat absorption / release with the outside (outside air) in operating the heat pump mechanism 2-1 is reduced, and the temperature fluctuation of the outside (outside air) is suppressed, The impact on the surrounding environment can be reduced.
- the 3rd circulation path 36 which circulates the 2nd heat medium 10 between the 2nd heat storage tank 35, the 2nd heat storage tank 35, and the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12, and the 3rd pump 37, was established. For this reason, heat can be stored in the second heat storage tank 35 for heating or cooling, and the heating or cooling load required for the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 and the load that stores heat in the second heat storage tank 35 can be separated. Therefore, stable operation in the heat pump mechanism 2-1 is possible, and inefficient operation due to load fluctuations can be avoided.
- the second heat storage tank 35 stores the cold energy for future cooling. Can do.
- the opportunity for operating the heat pump mechanism 2-1 with high efficiency can be increased by simultaneously generating hot and cold heat.
- the rotation direction of the third pump 37 is reversed during the cooling operation and the heating operation, and the circulation direction of the second heat medium 10 in the third circulation path 36 is reversed.
- the switching valve and the same piping between the switching valve 6 and the compressor 5 in the heat pump mechanism 2-1 may be provided and reversed.
- the direction in which the second heat medium 10 is supplied to the air-conditioning heat exchanger 12 by providing a pipe and a switching valve that cross from the outward path of the third circulation path 36 to the return path, and from the return path of the third circulation path 36 to the outbound path. It may be possible not to change between the time and the heating operation.
- the first heat demand section 401 is shown as having the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 on the second heat storage tank 35, the third circulation path 36, the third pump 37, and the third circulation path 36. It was.
- the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 may be directly connected to the first circulation path 14 as in the first embodiment.
- the second heat storage tank 35 by providing the second heat storage tank 35, the effect of leveling the load during the cooling operation or the heating operation, the heat storage operation of the warm heat to the first heat storage tank 16, and the heat storage of the cold heat to the second heat storage tank 35
- the effect of improving the efficiency of the heat pump mechanism by simultaneous use of operation cannot be obtained.
- other effects can be obtained in the same manner, for example, high efficiency of the heat pump mechanism can be obtained by simultaneous use of the heat storage operation of the warm heat to the first heat storage tank 16 and the cooling operation of the cold heat to the air conditioning heat exchanger 12, for example.
- the fourth switching unit is the three-way bypass switching valve 40 provided at the junction of the discharge path 17 and the return path 14b of the first circulation path. However, it may be a three-way valve provided at the junction of the bypass path 38 and the return path 14b of the first circulation path, or a three-way valve provided at the branch section from the forward path 14a of the first circulation path to the bypass path 38. .
- the fourth switching unit is not a three-way valve such as the bypass switching valve 40, but may be configured by a plurality of on-off valves provided before and after merging or branching of the bypass passage 38 and the first circulation passage 14. Good.
- the second heat storage tank 35, the third circulation path 36, the third pump 37, and the air conditioning heat exchanger 12 may be provided on the third circulation path 36.
- the generation of cold and the generation of warm heat cannot be performed at the same time. Therefore, the high heat pump mechanism by simultaneous use of the heat storage operation for warm heat to the first heat storage tank 16 and the heat storage operation for cold heat to the second heat storage tank 35 is performed. The effect of efficiency cannot be obtained. However, the effect of leveling the load during the cooling operation or the heating operation by providing the second heat storage tank 35 can be obtained.
- the “latent heat storage material” in which the “latent heat storage material” that solidifies and melts within the operating temperature range of the second heat medium 10 is hermetically housed in the container is the first heat storage tank 16 or the second heat storage tank. 35 may be housed and provided together with the second heat medium.
- the “latent heat storage material” include “paraffin, sodium acetate hydrate, sodium thiosulfate hydrate, etc.”.
- Examples of the “latent heat storage body” include “a hollow sphere or flat plate that accommodates a latent heat storage material therein”.
- the 1st heat storage tank 16 or the 2nd heat storage tank 35 which accommodated the latent-heat heat storage body can suppress a heat storage volume, hold
- the size can be further reduced, or the amount of stored heat can be increased if the accumulated volume is the same.
- the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner has been described, but the operation of the heat storage hot water supply air conditioner can also be grasped as a hot water supply method or a heat storage method.
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Abstract
Description
従来、熱源装置からの温熱や冷熱を熱媒によって蓄熱槽に蓄えて、温熱や冷熱を利用する負荷装置へ蓄熱槽に蓄えられた温熱や冷熱を熱媒を介して供給するようにした蓄熱装置が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
この特許文献1の請求項1には、
「潜熱を利用して蓄熱する蓄熱用物質をカプセル内に封入した蓄熱体を収容し、温熱や冷熱を蓄積する蓄熱槽と、熱源装置から蓄熱槽へ温熱や冷熱を持つ熱媒を供給する受熱用の熱媒供給路と、蓄熱槽から負荷装置へ熱媒を介して温熱や冷熱を供給する給熱用の熱媒供給路と、給熱用の熱媒供給路を介して負荷装置へ通流する熱媒が蓄熱槽の内部を通流する際の通流方向と一致する方向で蓄熱槽の内部に熱媒を通流するとともに、負荷装置をバイパスして熱媒を通流する熱媒用のバイパス循環路と、このバイパス循環路に熱媒循環用のポンプ装置とを備えた蓄熱装置」が記載されている。特許文献1では、この蓄熱装置により、蓄熱槽内の蓄熱体と熱媒との熱伝達の向上と、蓄熱槽に流入する熱媒温度の低下とが同時に得られ、熱源装置を運転すること無しに、負荷装置に多量な単位時間当たりの熱量を供給できる、としている。
また従来、熱源により加熱された熱媒体を用途に応じて蓄える複数の蓄熱槽と、複数の蓄熱槽間で熱の授受を行う熱交換手段とを備えた蓄熱システムが知られている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
この特許文献2の場合は、その要約にあるように、
「暖房用蓄熱槽と熱源とを循環回路を介して接続し、熱源からの暖房用温水を暖房用蓄熱槽に貯める。循環回路に、放熱器を介装した暖房用回路を接続し、暖房用蓄熱槽からの暖房用温水により暖房を行う。循環回路に、給湯用熱交換器を介装した給湯用熱交換回路と、浴槽用熱交換器を介装した浴槽用熱交換回路とを接続し、給湯用熱交換器に、給湯用蓄熱槽を介装した給湯用循環回路を接続し、給湯用温水を給湯用蓄熱槽に貯める。給湯用循環回路に給湯回路を接続し、給湯を行う。浴槽用熱交換器に浴槽用回路を接続し、浴槽内の湯を沸かす。また、給湯用蓄熱槽の給湯用温水を消費した場合の不足分を暖房用蓄熱槽からの暖房用温水の熱でバックアップする。」というものである。この特許文献2では、この蓄熱システムにより、個々の蓄熱槽の熱量不足が生じても、熱交換手段により熱量を補うことができ、個々の蓄熱槽の大型化を回避して蓄熱槽を小型化でき、狭小場所への設置やイニシャルコストを低減できる、としている。
また逆に蓄熱槽に冷熱が蓄積されている場合、負荷装置へは温熱の供給はできない(暖房はできない)構成である。この従来技術では、負荷装置による熱利用は、温熱利用のみか、あるいは冷熱利用のみかの何れか一方であり、負荷装置が並列に複数あってとしても、温熱利用の給湯用と冷熱利用の冷房用とを同時利用するということはできず、利便性が低いという課題があった。
また給湯用蓄熱槽には給水水質によっては低温蓄熱では雑菌繁殖が促進され、高温蓄熱ではスケール生成が促進される課題があった。
温熱または冷熱を必要とする第1熱需要部と、高温化または低温化された第1熱媒体との熱交換によって第2熱媒体を加熱または冷却する第1供給熱交換器とを、前記第1供給熱交換器から前記第1熱需要部に前記第2熱媒体が向かう往路と前記第1熱需要部から前記第1供給熱交換器に前記第2熱媒体が向かう復路とで接続する第1循環路と、
高温化された前記第1熱媒体によって前記第1供給熱交換器で加熱された前記第2熱媒体を前記第1循環路の往路から分岐する供給路が接続されると共に、前記第1循環路の復路に合流する前記第2熱媒体の排出路が接続され、前記供給路から前記第1供給熱交換器で加熱された前記第2熱媒体を収容する第1蓄熱槽と、
前記第1供給熱交換器から前記第1熱需要部に到達する前記第2熱媒体の流通と、前記第1循環路の往路から前記供給路に分岐する前記第2熱媒体の流通とを変更する第1切替部と、
前記第1循環路とは独立して循環可能に設けられると共に、前記第1蓄熱槽と温熱を必要とする第2熱需要部とを、前記第1蓄熱槽から前記第2熱需要部に前記第2熱媒体が向かう往路と前記第2熱需要部から前記第1蓄熱槽に前記第2熱媒体が向かう復路とで接続する第2循環路と
を備えたことを特徴とする。
また給湯のために蓄熱する時と暖房または冷房などの空調をする時に、省エネと雑菌繁殖抑制とスケール生成抑制とを同時に達成できる。
図1~7を参照して実施の形態1を説明する。図1は実施の形態1に係る蓄熱給湯空調機100の構成図である。蓄熱給湯空調機100は、第1循環路14、第1蓄熱槽16、第1切替部の一例である蓄熱切替弁19、第2循環路23、リターン路18、第2切替部の一例である排熱切替弁20、及びポンプ、弁、圧縮機などの制御対象を制御する制御装置50等を備えている。
蓄熱給湯空調機100は、熱源としてヒートポンプ機構2(ヒートポンプ装置とも呼ばれる)を備えている。ヒートポンプ機構2は、ヒートポンプ循環路4と、圧縮機5と、循環切替弁6と、膨張弁7と、外気熱交換器9と、第1供給熱交換器11とを備えている。
(1)ヒートポンプ循環路4は、炭化水素系や二酸化炭素など使用温度圧力範囲内で気液2相化可能な第1熱媒体3を圧縮と膨張とをさせながら循環させる。
(2)圧縮機5は、第1熱媒体3を気相の状態で圧送して高温高圧化する。
(3)循環切替弁6は、圧縮機5の圧送方向、すなわちヒートポンプ循環路4での第1熱媒体3の循環方向を変更する。
(4)膨張弁7は、高圧の液相の第1熱媒体3を気液混合相へ膨張させて低温低圧化する。
(5)外気熱交換器9は、ファン8で送風された外気と第1熱媒体3とを熱交換する。
(6)第1供給熱交換器11は、グリセリン等を水に混ぜて低温まで凝固しないようにした不凍液である第2熱媒体10と第1熱媒体3とを熱交換する。
ヒートポンプ機構2は、ヒートポンプ循環路4内の第1熱媒体3の凝縮と気化とを利用して外気と第2熱媒体10との何れか一方から吸熱した熱を他方へ放熱する。ヒートポンプ機構2は、圧縮機5の圧縮に要する動力に比して効率良く、第1熱媒体3を介して外気と第2熱媒体10との間で熱を移動させる。勿論、第1供給熱交換器11では、第1熱媒体3と第2熱媒体10とは熱交換するだけで混合されない構成である。
なお、第2熱媒体10を冷却する際は、膨張弁7から第1供給熱交換器11へ気液2相化された低温低圧の第1熱媒体3が流れる(方向52)。一方、第2熱媒体10を加熱する際は、圧縮機5から第1供給熱交換器11へ高温高圧の気相の第1熱媒体3が流れる(方向51)。このように、ヒートポンプ循環路4の第1熱媒体3の循環方向は加熱時と冷却時では反転する。
また、循環切替弁6は4方弁である。4方弁は、4つの接続路A、B、C、Dが接続されており、接続路Aと接続路B、および接続路Cと接続路Dが流通している状態と、接続路Aと接続路C、および接続路Bと接続路Dが流通している状態とを変更できるようになっている。
(1.第1循環路14)
また蓄熱給湯空調機100には、第1供給熱交換器11と第1熱需要部401としての空調熱交換器12との間で第1ポンプ13によって第2熱媒体10が循環する第1循環路14が形成されている。すなわち第1循環路14は、第1供給熱交換器11、蓄熱切替弁19、空調熱交換器12、第1ポンプ13、第1供給熱交換器11の経路である。第1循環路の往路14aは、第1供給熱交換器11、蓄熱切替弁19、空調熱交換器12の経路である。第1循環路の復路14bは、空調熱交換器12、第1ポンプ13、第1供給熱交換器11の経路である。空調熱交換器12の用途は、室内空気を冷房または暖房することである。第2熱媒体10が第1供給熱交換器11で加熱される際には、第1供給熱交換器11から空調熱交換器12へ第2熱媒体10が流れる第1循環路の往路14aの途中から供給路15が分岐され、供給路15の他端は第1蓄熱槽16の上部に接続されている。供給路15が接続された位置との対向側である第1蓄熱槽16の下部には排出路17が接続されている。この排出路17の他端は、空調熱交換器12から第1供給熱交換器11へ第2熱媒体10が流れる第1循環路の復路14bの途中に合流している。
(2.第1蓄熱槽16)
第1蓄熱槽16は外部に対して密閉されて所定量の第2熱媒体10が常に収容されている。第2熱媒体10は供給路15から供給されるに応じて第1蓄熱槽16から排出路17へ押し出されて排出される。
(3.リターン路18)
排出路17の途中からはリターン路18が分岐されており、リターン路18の他端は、供給路15へ分岐した位置(蓄熱切替弁19の設置位置)と、空調熱交換器12との間の第1循環路の往路14aへ合流している。
空調熱交換器12は、冷房あるいは暖房用の室内機に設けられている。空調熱交換器12では、室内空気と、第1循環路14を循環している第2熱媒体10との間で熱が移動し、第2熱媒体10が温熱を循環している場合は室内が暖房され、第2熱媒体10が冷熱を循環している場合は室内が冷房される。室内空気を空調熱交換器12に対して送風するファン(図示していない)を設けることで熱交換効率をより高くできる。
空調熱交換器12による冷暖房は、ファンなど設けずに、輻射によるものであっても良い。
第1ポンプ13は、第1循環路の復路14bに排出路17が合流する位置と、第1供給熱交換器11との間に設けられている。第1ポンプ13は1台である。
(1)第1ポンプ13は、第1循環路の往路14aと第1循環路の復路14bとによって空調熱交換器12での空調運転(暖房運転や冷房運転)時に第1供給熱交換器11と空調熱交換器12との間で第2熱媒体10を循環する役割を持つ。
(2)また、第1ポンプ13は、供給路15、第1蓄熱槽16、排出路17の経路において第1蓄熱槽16への蓄熱運転時に第1供給熱交換器11と第1蓄熱槽16との間で第2熱媒体10を循環させる。
(3)さらに第1ポンプ13は、供給路15、第1蓄熱槽16、排出路17、リターン路18の経路において第1蓄熱槽16への蓄熱運転時かつ空調熱交換器12での空調運転時に、第1蓄熱槽16を経由して第1供給熱交換器11と空調熱交換器12との間で第2熱媒体10を流動するための動力を提供する。
実施の形態1では、第1切替部として、第1循環路の往路14aから供給路15へ分岐する部分に、3方弁である蓄熱切替弁19が設けられている。3方弁は、3つの接続路A、B、Cが接続されており、接続路Aと接続路Bとを流通させるか、接続路Aと接続路Cとを流通させるか、を変更する。また3方弁は一方向の流通が全開となれば、他方向の流通は全閉となるように、2方向の流通量が排他的に変更される。蓄熱切替弁19は、供給路15へ分岐する第2熱媒体10の流通量と、供給路15に分岐されずに第1循環路の往路14aへ流通する第2熱媒体10の流通量とを、排他的に変更できるようになっている。すなわち第1切替部は、第1供給熱交換器11から第1熱需要部401に到達する第2熱媒体10の流通と、第1循環路14の往路14aから供給路15に分岐する第2熱媒体10の流通とを変更する。
また第2切替部として、排出路17からリターン路18が分岐する部分に3方弁である排熱切替弁20が設けられている。排熱切替弁20は、第1蓄熱槽16から第1循環路の復路14bへ合流する第2熱媒体10の流通量と、リターン路18で第1循環路の往路14aへ合流する第2熱媒体10の流通量とを排他的に変更できるようになっている。すなわち第2切替部は、リターン路18を流通する第2熱媒体10の流通と、第1蓄熱槽16から排出路17を経由して第1循環路14の復路14bへ合流する第2熱媒体10の流通とを変更する。
また、この実施の形態1では、第1蓄熱槽16と、第2熱需要部501であり給湯のための給湯熱交換器21との間を、第2ポンプ22で第2熱媒体10が循環する第2循環路23が形成されている。第2循環路23は、第2循環路の往路23aが、供給路15が接続された第1蓄熱槽16の上部と給湯熱交換器21とを接続し、第2循環路の復路23bが、給湯熱交換器21と、排出路17が接続された第1蓄熱槽16の下部とを接続している。給湯熱交換器21には、第2循環路の往路23aと第2循環路の復路23bとに加え、水道水が給水される給水路24と、給湯のための給湯路25とが接続されている。給湯熱交換器21では、第2循環路23で循環される第2熱媒体10と給水路24で給水された水道水とが熱交換され、給水路24で給水された水道水が加熱されて給湯路25を通って所望の場所へ給湯される。勿論、給湯熱交換器21は、第2循環路23の第2熱媒体10と給水路24で給水された水道水とは熱交換するだけで混合されない構成である。
次に、蓄熱切替弁19と排熱切替弁20との切り替え制御に基づく熱媒体の流れを説明する。蓄熱切替弁19と排熱切替弁20とは連動して作動するが、制御装置50によってこれらを制御するのは下記のとおりである。
(2)図3は「蓄熱及び暖房」運転時の第2熱媒体10の流れを示す図である。図中、破線bが「蓄熱及び暖房」時の第2熱媒体10の流れを示している。図3を参照して、蓄熱切替弁19が供給路15側へ全開、かつ、排熱切替弁20がリターン路18側へ全開の場合(蓄熱及び暖房運転時)を説明する。排熱切替弁20がリターン路18側へ全開であると、第1蓄熱槽16の下部から排出路17を通って排出された第2熱媒体10は全量がリターン路18へ流通して第1循環路の往路14aへ合流して空調熱交換器12へ供給されて第1供給熱交換器11へ戻される。
このような運転状態は、第1蓄熱槽16への蓄熱運転と同時に、空調熱交換器12で室内を暖房運転する状態となる。このようにできるのは、次の理由からである。第1蓄熱槽16の蓄熱量が無くなった際に上記の蓄熱運転がなされるが、暖房より高い温度が必要な給湯用の蓄熱量がなくなっただけであり、第1蓄熱槽16から排出される第2熱媒体10はまだ暖房用には供与できる温度を持っていることに依る。
図6は、蓄熱時(第1蓄熱槽16に蓄熱がなくなる前に行う蓄熱運転)の第2熱媒体10の流れを示す図である。図中、第2熱媒体10の流れは図2と同じであるので、破線aとして示した。図6を参照して、第1蓄熱槽16の蓄熱量が無くなる前に行う蓄熱運転について説明する。
上記の蓄熱運転時および「蓄熱および暖房」運転時、すなわち第1蓄熱槽16へ加熱された第2熱媒体10を供給する時(蓄熱運転時)における第1供給熱交換器11の出口の第2熱媒体10の温度を第1の温度T1とする。また、冷房運転時あるいは蓄熱なしの暖房運転時、すなわち第1蓄熱槽16へ加熱された第2熱媒体10を供給しない時における第1供給熱交換器11の出口の第2熱媒体10の温度を第2の温度T2とする。このとき、冷房運転時はもとより、暖房運転時でも第2の温度T2は、第1の温度T1より低温である。
すなわち、
T1>T2
である。
なお、上記では第1供給熱交換器11の出口の第2熱媒体10の温度を、蓄熱を伴う場合は第1の温度T1、蓄熱を伴わない冷暖房時は第1の温度T1より低温の第2の温度T2とするように相対的に規定するものである。第1の温度T1と第2の温度T2とは、それぞれ単一の温度(固定値)ではなくてもよい。たとえば蓄熱容量を大きくしたい時には、第2熱媒体10の第1の温度T1を通常よりも高温としてもよい。また暖房能力を上げたい時は、第2の温度T2を通常より高く設定し、冷房能力を上げたい時は通常より低く設定するようにしてもよい。このように第1の温度T1や第2の温度T2を変更することによって、蓄熱能力や冷暖房能力をより自在に設定することが可能となる。
また実施の形態1の蓄熱給湯空調機100では、第1供給熱交換器11の出口の第2熱媒体10の温度を、蓄熱運転時または「蓄熱および暖房」運転時における第1の温度T1と、第1の温度T1よりも低温な、暖房運転時における第2の温度T2とに区別して運転している。一般的に第1の温度T1よりも低温な第2の温度T2の第2熱媒体10を生成する方が効率よくヒートポンプ機構2を運転できる。また、常時蓄熱運転を要するわけではないので、暖房運転と蓄熱運転の両方を行う蓄熱給湯空調機100では、第2熱媒体10を1つの温度(必要となる最も高い温度である第1の温度T1)で生成する場合に比べて動力少なく、すなわち効率よく必要な温熱を供給できる。
あるいは、殺菌のため一時的にヒートポンプ機構2ではなく電気ヒーターによって高温にする運転を要しないので、電力消費を削減でき、省エネである。また、溜めた水(湯)を給湯していないため、給湯による水(湯)を溜める部分への新たな水の供給はされず、すなわち供給される水に含有されるスケールの基となる成分の新たな供給もされないので、スケール生成が抑制される。またいつでも蓄熱運転できることから蓄熱の熱容量を大きくするために必要以上に高温でなくてもよいので、また熱交換して低温(45℃程度)の給湯をするだけであるので、高温で生じやすいスケール生成を抑制できる。
以下に実施の形態1の変形例を示す。
実施の形態1では、第2熱媒体10は不凍液としたが、凍結しないよう温度の管理を必要とするが、水であってもよい。
実施の形態1では、リターン路18および排熱切替弁20を備えた形態で示したが、それらは備えていなくても良い。少なくともリターン路18を設けたことによる効果、たとえば蓄熱運転と暖房運転を同時にして第1供給熱交換器11での第2熱媒体10の入出温度差を拡大してヒートポンプ機構2を効率よく運転できる効果や利便性が向上するなどの効果は得られないが、それ以外の効果は同様に得られる。
また、この実施の形態1では、第1循環路14を循環する第2熱媒体10の流通方向は、第1供給熱交換器11で第2熱媒体10を冷却する場合も加熱する場合も同じであるように示した。しかし、加熱される場合(暖房運転、蓄熱運転)と冷却される場合(冷房運転)とは反対方向へ循環するようにしても良い。そのようにするために、第1ポンプ13の回転方向を反転するか、切替弁とヒートポンプ機構2における切替弁6と圧縮機5との間と同様な配管とを設けて反転するようにしてもよい。なお、第2熱媒体10が第1供給熱交換器11で冷却される場合、第2熱媒体10の循環方向は加熱時と逆となり、上記における第1循環路の往路14aは復路であり、第1循環路の復路14bは往路となる。このようにすると、第1熱媒体3の循環方向は加熱時と冷却時で反転しているので、第2熱媒体10の循環方向も加熱時と冷却時で反転した方が加熱時と冷却時ともに対向流とできる。よって第1供給熱交換器11での熱交換効率を高く維持できる。またさらに、第1供給熱交換器11で第2熱媒体10を加熱する際と冷却する際とで第1循環路14の第2熱媒体10の循環方向を反転する場合に、次の様にしてもよい。第1循環路の往路14aから第1循環路の復路14bへ、第1循環路の復路14bから第1循環路の往路14aへクロスする配管と切替弁を設ける。そして第1熱需要部401である空調熱交換器12へ第2熱媒体10を供給する方向は冷房運転時と暖房運転時とで変えないようにしていても良い。
また空調熱交換器12は、第1循環路の往路14aから分岐され、第1循環路の復路14bに合流する構成で、複数が並列に設けられていても良い。また第1熱需要部401としては、空調熱交換器12だけでなく、床面から室内の空気を暖める、いわゆる床暖房であっても良い。
また第1切替部は、蓄熱切替弁19のように供給路15へ分岐する部分に設けた3方弁ではなくても良い。例えば供給路15へ分岐後リターン路18が合流する迄の間の第1循環路の往路14aに設けた弁と、供給路15か排出路17かの何れか一方の途中に設けた弁と、の2つの弁に分けて備えても良い。このようにすると弁の開度を個別に独立して変更(調整)できるので流通量の排他性はなく、3方弁である場合よりも広範囲に流通量を変更することができる。また3方弁も含めて何れの弁も、流通方向に対して開か閉かの2位置の開閉弁であっても良いが、途中の開度で停止できる調節弁であればなお良い。
また第2切替部も第1切替部と同様に、排熱切替弁20のようにリターン路へ分岐する部分に設けた3方弁ではなくても良い。例えば、リターン路18に設けた弁と、リターン路18に分岐後の排出路17に設けた弁と、の2つの弁に分けて備えても良い。このようにすると弁の開度を個別に独立して変更(調整)できるので流通量の排他性はなく、3方弁である場合よりも広範囲に流通量を変更することができる。また3方弁でなければ、リターン路18は排出路17から分岐するのではなく、第1蓄熱槽16の下部に直接接続されていても良い。また3方弁も含めて何れの弁も、流通方向に対して開か閉かの2位置の開閉弁であっても良いが、途中の開度で停止できる調節弁であればなお良い。また、第1切替部と第2切替部とがともに2つの弁に分けて備えている場合、排出路17に設ける弁は第1切替部と第2切替部とで共用していても良い。
また第1の温度T1の第2熱媒体10の少なくとも一部が供給路15を経由して第1蓄熱槽16へ供給される運転の時(蓄熱運転時)であって、第1蓄熱槽16から排出される第2熱媒体10の温度T16が、第2の温度T2より低温で、かつ、第1熱需要部401の空調熱交換器12の出口の第1循環路の復路14bの温度T12より高温である時に、
つまり、
T2>T16>T12
である時に、
以下の様に制御する。
すなわち、
第1切替部である蓄熱切替弁19を、連続的に開度調節の可能な構成とすることで流量調節可能とする。また第2切替部である排熱切替弁20によって第1蓄熱槽16から排出される第2熱媒体10の全量が、リターン路18を流通するように切り替えておく。これによって、第1供給熱交換器11から供給路15を経由せずに直接空調熱交換器12へ供給される第2熱媒体10の流通量と、供給路15、第1蓄熱槽16およびリターン路18を流通して第1循環路の往路14aへ合流する第2熱媒体10の流通量との混合比率を変えることができる。この混合比率を変えることによって、リターン路18を流通する第2の温度T2より低い温度(第1蓄熱槽16から排出される第2熱媒体10の温度T16)と、第1の温度T1との範囲で、空調熱交換器12へ供給される第2熱媒体10の温度を調節することが可能になる。。たとえば、空調熱交換器12へ供給される第2熱媒体10の温度を、第2の温度T2に制御することができる。このようにすると、蓄熱運転時に第1の温度T1の第2熱媒体10を第1蓄熱槽16へ供給できると同時に、蓄熱暖房同時運転における暖房運転時に、第2熱媒体10を第1熱需要部401である空調熱交換器12へ第2の温度T2で確実に供給できる。また第1蓄熱槽16に蓄熱されているが、給湯用としては温度が低くて利用できない温熱を暖房用として最大限利用できる。また第1蓄熱槽16で利用されずに第1循環路の復路14bへ合流する温熱を最小限にできるので、第1循環路の復路14bを流通して第1供給熱交換器11へ戻る第2熱媒体10の温度の上昇を抑制できる。よって、第1供給熱交換器11の入出の第2熱媒体10の温度差を大きく維持できるので、ヒートポンプ機構2を高効率に運転でき、省エネとなる。
またこの実施の形態1では第2循環路の往路23aと第2循環路の復路23bとを直接第1蓄熱槽16に接続している。しかし、それぞれ第2循環路の往路23aは供給路15から分岐され、第2循環路の復路23bは排出路17に合流する構成でも良い。また、給湯熱交換器21へ給水路24で給水される水道水に充分な給水圧力が無い場合は、給水路24や給湯路25にポンプ(図示しない)を設けておけばよい。
またこの実施の形態1では第2熱需要部501として給湯用の給湯熱交換器21を示したが別の第2熱需要部501であっても良い。たとえば、給湯熱交換器21、第2ポンプ22、第2循環路23と同様な構成で、水道水を加熱する代わりに、浴槽からポンプ(図示しない)によって循環する浴槽水を加熱する追焚熱交換器を第2熱需要部501としても良い。また給湯熱交換器と追焚熱交換器とをそれぞれ別の第2循環路や第2ポンプとともに複数の第2熱需要部501として設けるようにしても良い。
またこの実施の形態1では、第1蓄熱槽16の上部と下部に供給路15と排出路17とが接続された構成であるが、供給路15と排出路17の接続先は第1蓄熱槽16の上部と下部以外であっても良い。第2熱媒体10が供給される側と排出される側は対向位置にあって第1蓄熱槽16内で高温部と低温部に層が分離されるような位置であれば良い。
図8は実施の形態2に係る蓄熱給湯空調機200の構成図である。実施の形態1と異なる点について説明する。
また追焚路26が第2循環路の復路23bへ合流する部分には、第3切替部である追焚切替弁31が設けられている。追焚切替弁31は、3方弁であり、第2循環路の往路23aから分岐されて追焚路26を通って追焚熱交換器27へ流通する第2熱媒体10の流通量と、給湯熱交換器21を流通する第2熱媒体10の流通量とを排他的に変更できるようになっている。
次に動作について説明する。
給湯運転の場合は、制御装置50は第2ポンプ22を駆動し、追焚切替弁31を追焚路26側へ全閉にするように切り替えて、第1蓄熱槽16の第2熱媒体10を第2循環路の往路23aから給湯熱交換器21を通って第2循環路の復路23bへ流通させる。給水路24から供給された水は、給湯熱交換器21で第2循環路23の第2熱媒体10と熱交換されて加熱され、給湯路25から給湯される。給湯運転は、追焚切替弁31を操作する以外は実施の形態1と同様である。
また浴槽水を追い焚き加熱する追焚運転(開始は人が要求するか、あるいは浴槽28の温度を検知して自動で開始すればよい。)の場合には、制御装置50は追焚ポンプ30を駆動し、浴槽28と追焚熱交換器27との間の浴槽水循環路29に浴槽水を循環する。同時に制御装置50は第2ポンプ22を駆動し、追焚切替弁31を追焚路26側へ全開にするように切り替えて、第1蓄熱槽16の第2熱媒体10を第2循環路の往路23aから追焚路26を通って第2循環路の復路23bへ流通させ、追焚熱交換器27へ供給する。
追焚熱交換器27内で第2熱媒体(たとえば55℃)から浴槽水へ熱交換され、この追焚運転を継続することで、浴槽28の浴槽水が所定温度(たとえば42℃)まで追い焚きされる。なお、浴槽28から追焚熱交換器27へ入る浴槽水循環路29の浴槽水の温度を温度センサ58で検知して、所定の温度に達していれば追焚運転を終了する。勿論、人が要求して追焚運転を終了させても良い。
第3切替部は、追焚切替弁31のように追焚路26が第2循環路の復路23bへ合流する部分に設けた3方弁ではなく、第2循環路の往路23aから追焚路26に分岐する部分に設けた3方弁であっても良い。
図9は実施の形態3に係る蓄熱給湯空調機300の構成図である。実施の形態1と異なる点について説明する。蓄熱給湯空調機100のヒートポンプ機構2と蓄熱給湯空調機300のヒートポンプ機構とは構成が異なっている。このため、蓄熱給湯空調機300のヒートポンプ機構は、ヒートポンプ機構2-1として符号を変えた。
前述の実施の形態1では、第1供給熱交換器11は第1熱媒体3と熱交換して第2熱媒体10を加熱または冷却するための熱交換器であった。これに対して実施の形態3の蓄熱給湯空調機300では、第1供給熱交換器11は第1熱媒体3と熱交換して「第2熱媒体10を加熱するためだけの熱交換器」とした。そして、蓄熱給湯空調機300は、第1供給熱交換器11とは別に、第1熱媒体3と熱交換して「第2熱媒体10を冷却するためだけの第2供給熱交換器32」を備えている。
図10は、ヒートポンプ機構2-1の第1の方式(A方式と呼ぶこととする)における第1熱媒体3の流れを示す図である。図中、破線AがA方式における第1熱媒体3の流れを示す。ヒートポンプ機構2-1では、第1熱媒体3を様々に循環させることができる(A方式~C方式)。例えば、A方式は、外気熱交換器9から循環切替弁6a、循環切替弁6、圧縮機5、循環切替弁6、第1供給熱交換器11、循環切替弁6c、膨張弁7、循環切替弁6bを経由して外気熱交換器9へ戻る経路(破線A)で第1熱媒体3を循環させる。そうすると、外気熱交換器9で外気から吸熱して第1供給熱交換器11で放熱し、第1供給熱交換器11の第2熱媒体10が加熱される。この場合、実施の形態1と同様なヒートポンプ循環路4による循環である。循環切替弁6によって第1熱媒体3の循環方向を反転すると、外気熱交換器9で外気へ放熱して第1供給熱交換器11で吸熱し、第1供給熱交換器11の第2熱媒体10が冷却される。しかし、実施の形態3では、外気熱交換器9の外部の霜取り運転時以外、このような運転は想定していない。
図11はヒートポンプ機構2-1の第2の方式(B方式と呼ぶこととする)における第1熱媒体3の流れを示す図である。図中、破線BがB方式における第1熱媒体3の流れを示す。第1熱媒体3を、第2供給熱交換器32から第2供給熱交換器循環路34、循環切替弁6a、循環切替弁6、圧縮機5、循環切替弁6、第1供給熱交換器11、循環切替弁6c、膨張弁7、循環切替弁6b、第2供給熱交換器循環路34、第2供給熱交換器32に戻る経路(破線B)で循環させる。そうすると、第2供給熱交換器32の第2熱媒体10から吸熱して第1供給熱交換器11の第2熱媒体10へ放熱し、第1供給熱交換器11の第2熱媒体10が加熱されると同時に、第2供給熱交換器32の第2熱媒体10が冷却される。なお、循環切替弁6によって第1熱媒体3の循環方向を反転すると、第1供給熱交換器11の第2熱媒体10が冷却されると同時に、第2供給熱交換器32の第2熱媒体10が加熱されるが、本実施の形態3ではこのような運転は想定していない。
図12は、ヒートポンプ機構2-1の第3の方式(C方式と呼ぶこととする)における第1熱媒体3の流れを示す図である。図中、破線CがC方式における第1熱媒体3の流れを示す。C方式は、第1熱媒体3を、第2供給熱交換器32から第2供給熱交換器循環路34、循環切替弁6a、循環切替弁6、圧縮機5、循環切替弁6、第1供給熱交換器バイパス路33、循環切替弁6a、外気熱交換器9、循環切替弁6b、第1供給熱交換器バイパス路33、循環切替弁6c、膨張弁7、循環切替弁6b、第2供給熱交換器循環路34、第2供給熱交換器32に戻る経路(破線C)で循環させる。そうすると、第2供給熱交換器32の第2熱媒体10から吸熱して外気熱交換器9で放熱し、第2供給熱交換器32の第2熱媒体10が冷却される。なお、循環切替弁6によって第1熱媒体3の循環方向を反転すると、外気熱交換器9で外気から吸熱して第2供給熱交換器32で放熱し、第2供給熱交換器32の第2熱媒体10が加熱される。しかし、本実施の形態3ではこのような運転は想定していない。
蓄熱給湯空調機300では、図9に示すように、第1熱需要部401は、第1循環路の往路14aが上部に、第1循環路の復路14bが下部に接続された第2蓄熱槽35を備える。そして、第1熱需要部401は、空調熱交換器12と第2蓄熱槽35との間が第3循環路36で接続されており、第2蓄熱槽35の第2熱媒体10が第3ポンプ37で空調熱交換器12との間で循環可能である。第3循環路の往路36aが第2蓄熱槽35の上部に、第3循環路の復路36bが第2蓄熱槽35の下部に接続されている。そして、第3ポンプ37は第3循環路の復路36bに設けられ、第2蓄熱槽35の上部から第2熱媒体10が空調熱交換器12へ供給され、第2熱媒体10は空調熱交換器12から第2蓄熱槽35の下部へ戻される。
また、蓄熱給湯空調機300では、バイパス路38が設けられている。バイパス路38は、供給路15への分岐部と第2蓄熱槽35との間の第1循環路の往路14aから分岐する。そして、バイパス路38は、排出路17の合流部と第2蓄熱槽35との間の第1循環路の復路14bに合流して、第1供給熱交換器11と第1ポンプ13と、および第1蓄熱槽16とをバイパスする。バイパス路38には、第2供給熱交換器32と第4ポンプ39とが設けられている。バイパス路38とバイパス路38でバイパスした以外の第1循環路14の経路により、ヒートポンプ機構2-1により冷却された第1熱媒体3との熱交換によって第2供給熱交換器32で冷却された第2熱媒体10が、第2蓄熱槽35へ供給(図11あるいは図12の場合)されるようになっている。排出路17と第1循環路の復路14bとの合流部には、第4切替部としてバイパス切替弁40が設けられている。バイパス切替弁40は、3方弁であり、排出路17から第1供給熱交換器11へ循環する第2熱媒体10の流通量と、第1熱需要部401から第1供給熱交換器11へ循環する第2熱媒体10の流通量とを変更(調整)できるようになっている。またバイパス切替弁40が排出路17から第1供給熱交換器11へ流通するように切り替えた場合は次の様である。すなわち、第2熱媒体10は、第1熱需要部401から第1供給熱交換器11には流通できなくなると同時に、第2熱媒体10が、バイパス路38経由で第1熱需要部401と第2供給熱交換器32との間を流通できるようになる。すなわちバイパス切替弁40は、第1ポンプ13により第1蓄熱槽16と第1供給熱交換器11との間で第2熱媒体10を循環すると同時に(図11に示した破線aの経路)、第4ポンプ39により第1熱需要部401と第2供給熱交換器32との間で第2熱媒体10を循環(図11に示した破線eの経路)できるようにしている。
空調熱交換器12での暖房運転の場合を説明する。たとえば図10のA方式の場合である。図10を参照して説明する。空調熱交換器12で暖房運転する場合は、第1循環路14で接続された第1供給熱交換器11から、さらに蓄熱運転を併用している場合は第1蓄熱槽16及びリターン路18経由(図3)で第1熱需要部401へ第2熱媒体10で温熱が移動するのは実施の形態1と同様である。しかし実施の形態3では、実施の形態1の第1熱需要部401である空調熱交換器12との間で第2熱媒体10が直接循環するのではない。
第2蓄熱槽35へ第2熱媒体10によって温熱が一旦循環供給され、空調熱交換器12へは第2蓄熱槽35から第3循環路36と第3ポンプ37により温熱が供給されるのである。したがって、第1蓄熱槽16によって給湯熱交換器21へ供給される給湯に必要な熱量と、第1供給熱交換器11から第1蓄熱槽16へ蓄熱する際に必要な熱量とは、分離されている。これと同様に、第2蓄熱槽35によって空調熱交換器12へ供給される暖房に必要な熱量と、第1供給熱交換器11または第1蓄熱槽16およびリターン路18経由で第2蓄熱槽35へ蓄熱する際に必要な熱量とは、完全に分離されている。なお、暖房運転時すなわちこの実施の形態3では第2蓄熱槽35への蓄熱運転時あるいは第1蓄熱槽16への温熱の蓄熱運転時は、ヒートポンプ機構2-1は、外気熱交換器9から第1供給熱交換器11へ第1熱媒体3によって熱を運ぶ運転(A方式の運転)である。
空調熱交換器12での冷房運転の場合を説明する。たとえば図11、図12のB方式、C方式の場合である。空調熱交換器12で冷房運転する場合は、図11の説明で述べたように、第2供給熱交換器32からバイパス路38とバイパス路38でバイパスした以外の経路の第1循環路14を通って第2熱媒体10により冷熱が第2蓄熱槽35へ供給される(破線eの経路)。温熱の場合、第2熱媒体10を第2蓄熱槽35の上部へ供給していた。これに対して冷熱の場合、第2熱媒体10を第2蓄熱槽35の下部へ供給するようにしている。これは、温熱の場合も冷熱の場合も第2蓄熱槽35内で上部に貯まり易い高温部と下部に溜まり易い低温部とに層が分離されるようにし、蓄熱された熱を有効に使用するためである。また第3ポンプ37の回転方向を暖房運転時とは反転することで、第2蓄熱槽35の下部から低温の第2熱媒体10が第3循環路36に流出する。そして、この低温の第2熱媒体10が空調熱交換器12へ供給されて第2蓄熱槽35の上部に戻されることで、空調熱交換器12へ供給された冷熱で室内を冷房する。このとき、ヒートポンプ機構2-1では、空調熱交換器12での冷房運転時、すなわちこの実施の形態3では第2蓄熱槽35への冷熱の蓄熱運転時において、第1蓄熱槽16への温熱の蓄熱運転が同時には不要時には、第1供給熱交換器11から外気熱交換器9へ第1熱媒体3によって熱を運ぶ運転(C方式の運転)とすることができる。また一方、第1蓄熱槽16への温熱の蓄熱運転が同時に必要時には、第2供給熱交換器32から第1供給熱交換器11へ第1熱媒体3によって熱を運ぶ運転とすることもできる(B方式の運転)。
この実施の形態3では、冷房運転時と暖房運転時とで第3ポンプ37の回転方向を反転して第3循環路36の第2熱媒体10の循環方向を反転した。しかし、切替弁とヒートポンプ機構2-1における切替弁6と圧縮機5との間と同様な配管とを設けて反転するようにしてもよい。また第3循環路36の往路から復路へ、第3循環路36の復路から往路へクロスする配管と切替弁を設けて、空調熱交換器12へ第2熱媒体10を供給する方向は冷房運転時と暖房運転時とで変えないようにしていても良い。
また実施の形態3では、第4切替部として、排出路17と第1循環路の復路14bとの合流部に設けた3方弁のバイパス切替弁40とした。しかし、バイパス路38と第1循環路の復路14bの合流部に設けた3方弁や、第1循環路の往路14aからバイパス路38への分岐部に設けた3方弁であってもよい。また第4切替部は、バイパス切替弁40のような3方弁ではなく、バイパス路38や第1循環路14の合流前後や分岐前後に設けた複数の開閉弁で構成したものであってもよい。
また逆に、実施の形態1において、第2蓄熱槽35と第3循環路36と第3ポンプ37と第3循環路36上に空調熱交換器12とを備えるようにしても良い。実施の形態1では、冷熱の生成と温熱の生成を同時にはできないので、第1蓄熱槽16への温熱の蓄熱運転と第2蓄熱槽35への冷熱の蓄熱運転の同時使用によるヒートポンプ機構の高効率化の効果は得られない。しかし、第2蓄熱槽35を備えることによる、冷房運転時や暖房運転時の負荷を平準化する効果は得られる。
各実施の形態において、第2熱媒体10の使用温度範囲内で凝固および融解する「潜熱蓄熱材」を容器内に密閉収容した「潜熱蓄熱体」を第1蓄熱槽16内または第2蓄熱槽35内に第2熱媒体とともに収容して備えるようにしても良い。「潜熱蓄熱材」としては、例えば「パラフィンや酢酸ナトリウム水和物やチオ硫酸ナトリウム水和物など」が挙げられる。「潜熱蓄熱体」としては、例えば「中空の球形や平板状で、内部に潜熱蓄熱材を収容するもの」が挙げられる。このようにすると、潜熱蓄熱体を収容した第1蓄熱槽16または第2蓄熱槽35は、所定の蓄熱量を保持したまま蓄熱容積を抑制でき、第1蓄熱槽16または第2蓄熱槽35をより一層小型化できるか、または同じ蓄積容積であれば蓄熱量を大きくできる。
Claims (9)
- 温熱または冷熱を必要とする第1熱需要部と、高温化または低温化された第1熱媒体との熱交換によって第2熱媒体を加熱または冷却する第1供給熱交換器とを、前記第1供給熱交換器から前記第1熱需要部に前記第2熱媒体が向かう往路と前記第1熱需要部から前記第1供給熱交換器に前記第2熱媒体が向かう復路とで接続する第1循環路と、
高温化された前記第1熱媒体によって前記第1供給熱交換器で加熱された前記第2熱媒体を前記第1循環路の往路から分岐する供給路が接続されると共に、前記第1循環路の復路に合流する前記第2熱媒体の排出路が接続され、前記供給路から前記第1供給熱交換器で加熱された前記第2熱媒体を収容する第1蓄熱槽と、
前記第1供給熱交換器から前記第1熱需要部に到達する前記第2熱媒体の流通と、前記第1循環路の往路から前記供給路に分岐する前記第2熱媒体の流通とを変更する第1切替部と、
前記第1循環路とは独立して循環可能に設けられると共に、前記第1蓄熱槽と温熱を必要とする第2熱需要部とを、前記第1蓄熱槽から前記第2熱需要部に前記第2熱媒体が向かう往路と前記第2熱需要部から前記第1蓄熱槽に前記第2熱媒体が向かう復路とで接続する第2循環路と
を備えたことを特徴とする蓄熱給湯空調機。 - 前記第1切替部は、
前記第1供給熱交換器から前記第1熱需要部に到達する前記第2熱媒体の流通量と、前記第1循環路の往路から前記供給路へ流通する前記第2熱媒体の流通量とを調整可能であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の蓄熱給湯空調機。 - 前記蓄熱給湯空調機は、さらに、
前記第1蓄熱槽の前記排出路の途中から前記供給路の分岐後の前記第1循環路の往路に接続するリターン路と、
前記リターン路を流通する前記第2熱媒体の流通と、前記第1蓄熱槽から前記排出路を経由して前記第1循環路の復路へ合流する前記第2熱媒体の流通とを変更する第2切替部と
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の蓄熱給湯空調機。 - 前記第2切替部は、
前記リターン路を流通する前記第2熱媒体の流通量と、前記第1蓄熱槽から前記排出路を経由して前記第1循環路の復路へ合流する前記第2熱媒体の流通量とを調整可能であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の蓄熱給湯空調機。 - 前記第2熱需要部は、
前記第1蓄熱槽に前記第2循環路の往路と復路とで接続され、前記第2循環路を循環する前記第2熱媒体と給湯時に給水された水とを熱交換して前記水を加熱する熱交換器である給湯熱交換器と、
前記第2循環路の往路から分岐して前記第2循環路の復路へ合流する分岐路の途中に設けられ、前記分岐路を流通する前記第2熱媒体と追焚時に浴槽との間で循環する浴槽水とを熱交換して前記浴槽水を加熱する熱交換器である追焚熱交換器と、
前記給湯熱交換器への前記第2熱媒体の流通量と、前記追焚熱交換器への前記第2熱媒体の流通量とを調整可能な第3切替部と
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の蓄熱給湯空調機。 - 前記第1熱需要部は、
前記第1循環路の往路が接続されると共に復路が接続され前記第2熱媒体を収容する第2蓄熱槽と、
前記第1循環路とは独立して循環可能に設けられ、前記第2蓄熱槽の前記第2熱媒体が循環する第3循環路と、
前記第3循環路の途中に設けられ、前記第3循環路を循環する前記第2熱媒体と大気との熱交換によって前記大気を加熱あるいは冷却する空調熱交換器と
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の蓄熱給湯空調機。 - 前記蓄熱給湯空調機は、さらに、
前記供給路の分岐後の前記第1循環路の往路から分岐して前記排出路の合流前の前記第1循環路の復路に合流することにより、前記第1循環路を流れる前記第2熱媒体の少なくとも一部を前記第1供給熱交換器からバイパスするバイパス路と、
前記バイパス路の途中に設けられ、低温化された前記第1熱媒体との熱交換によって前記バイパス路を流通する前記第2熱媒体を冷却する第2供給熱交換器と、
前記第1供給熱交換器と前記第1熱需要部との間を流通する前記第2熱媒体の流通量と、前記第2供給熱交換器と前記第1熱需要部との間を流通する前記第2熱媒体の流通量とを変更する第4切替部と
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の蓄熱給湯空調機。 - 前記第2熱媒体を前記第2循環路に流通させるときの前記第2熱媒体の温度を、前記第2熱媒体を前記第1循環路に流通させるときの前記第2熱媒体の温度より高くするようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の蓄熱給湯空調機。
- 前記第2熱媒体が前記第1蓄熱槽に温熱として蓄熱されている際には、前記第2循環路によって前記第1蓄熱槽から前記第2熱需要部へ温熱としての前記第2熱媒体を循環するのとは独立して、前記第1循環路によって前記第1供給熱交換器から前記第1熱需要部へ冷熱または温熱の何れか一方としての前記第2熱媒体を循環することを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の蓄熱給湯空調機。
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