WO2011030853A1 - 高強度ボルト - Google Patents
高強度ボルト Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011030853A1 WO2011030853A1 PCT/JP2010/065617 JP2010065617W WO2011030853A1 WO 2011030853 A1 WO2011030853 A1 WO 2011030853A1 JP 2010065617 W JP2010065617 W JP 2010065617W WO 2011030853 A1 WO2011030853 A1 WO 2011030853A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- less
- bolt
- strength
- strength bolt
- steel
- Prior art date
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 46
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 37
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
- F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
- F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0093—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for screws; for bolts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength bolt having a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or more.
- the mechanical properties required for bolt materials are (1) easy molding and processing, (2) excellent delayed fracture resistance, and (3) no material deterioration due to environmental influences. (4) It has excellent impact resistance. However, these characteristics are in a trade-off relationship with increasing strength.
- Delayed fracture is an abbreviation of time-delayed fracture, which is a breakdown that occurs as a result of hydrogen being generated by atmospheric corrosion and entering the steel material to cause the steel material to become brittle. Hydrogen that diffuses and accumulates in steel at room temperature is the cause of delayed fracture. Because of this delayed fracture, until about 30 years until the development of ultra high strength bolts with a tensile strength of 1400 MPa in the latter half of the 1990s, the strength of high strength bolts for civil engineering and construction has reached a peak with a tensile strength of up to 1100 MPa. (For example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 2 it is disclosed that a high strength steel for mechanical structure having a tensile strength of 1800 MPa or more and excellent in delayed fracture can be obtained by defining the addition amount of C, Si, Mn, Cr, and Mo and tempering conditions. Has been.
- Patent Document 2 a manufacturing method and mechanical characteristics of an ultra high strength bolt using the 1800 MPa class high strength steel for mechanical structure have been reported (Patent Document 2).
- Such high-strength steel materials are difficult to soften the material, and it is difficult to form the head by cold heading.
- delayed fracture has not yet been completely overcome. This is also pointed out (Non-patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 3 discloses that low-temperature toughness is improved by applying a tensile stress below the elastic limit to the bolt after bolt formation and performing heat treatment therewith.
- wt% is synonymous with mass%.
- JP 2006-328473 A Japanese Patent No. 3861137 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-48618 PCT / 2006/323248
- the present invention has been made by paying attention to such circumstances, and the object thereof is excellent in ductility and delayed fracture characteristics while being a high-strength bolt having a tensile strength of 1200 MPa (1.2 GPa) or more. And it is providing the thing which has the outstanding impact resistance which was not obtained conventionally.
- the high-strength bolt of the invention 1 is characterized in that K in the following (Formula 1) is 0.8 or more and Ho ⁇ Hs.
- (Formula 1) (Ao ⁇ Ho) / (As ⁇ Hs) K Ao: Effective cross-sectional area of the lower neck cylindrical portion having a diameter larger than that of the screw portion Ho: Hardness of the Ao measurement portion As: Effective cross-sectional area of the screw portion Hs: Hardness of the screw portion
- Invention 2 is the high-strength bolt of Invention 1, in which C is less than 0.7 wt%, and if included, Si is 3 wt% or less, Mn is 3 wt% or less, Cr is 3 wt% or less, and Al is 0.5 wt% or less. , O is 0.3 wt% or less, N is 0.3 wt% or less, Mo is 5.0 wt% or less, Ni is 10 wt% or less, Cu is 2.0 wt% or less, Nb is 1.0 wt% or less, and the balance is It consists essentially of Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Invention 3 is characterized in that the high-strength bolt of Invention 1 or 2 has a particle-dispersed fibrous structure.
- the schematic diagram which shows the hardness and distribution of a characteristic in a volt
- the hardness (strength) of steel materials and properties such as delayed fracture characteristics, toughness, ductility, and formability are in a trade-off relationship. That is, the present invention adjusts the hardness as shown in FIG. 1 based on the knowledge that the delayed fracture characteristics, toughness, ductility, and formability are improved as the hardness (strength) is lowered. , Fracture properties, toughness, ductility, and formability could be improved.
- the above (Expression 1) means that the neck portion of the neck is softer than the screw portion, and its K is 0.8 or more, preferably 0.9 or more, more preferably 1. It is desirable to do.
- the bolt breaks not at the threaded portion but at the neck portion below the neck. Further, if K becomes too large, the diameter of the cylindrical portion under the neck of the bolt becomes too large and the function as a bolt cannot be sufficiently exhibited, so the upper limit is naturally obvious.
- the bolt shape conforming to the JIS standard is preferable, and the K value in that case is preferably 1.3 or less.
- Such a structure can be obtained by processing a hardened material or a tempered material according to the following procedure.
- the threaded portion is rolled at a temperature lower than the heating temperature of the head.
- the screw rolling temperature may be room temperature although it depends on the formability of the steel material.
- the Ac1 point is A material 795 ° C. and B material 740 ° C. based on a well-known empirical formula (Non-Patent Document 3).
- the Ac1 point tends to shift to a higher temperature side than the above-mentioned calculated Ac1 point.
- the above is the temperature in line with the actual situation. Since the present invention is not limited to the compositions shown in Table 1, it is obvious that the composition is not limited to the above temperature as long as it has a composition suitable for the present purpose. It can also be easily learned from the empirical formula.
- the following is desirable as the composition of the steel material that can be made into the high-strength bolt of the present invention by such processing.
- the C content is less than 0.7 wt%
- Si is 3 wt% or less
- Mn is 3 wt% or less
- Cr is 3 wt% or less
- Al is 0.5 wt% or less
- O is 0.3 wt% or less
- N is 0. .3 wt% or less
- Mo is 5.0 wt% or less
- Ni is 10 wt% or less
- Cu is 2.0 wt% or less
- Nb is preferably 1.0 wt% or less.
- C forms carbide particles and is the most effective component for increasing the strength. However, if it exceeds 0.70 wt%, the toughness is deteriorated, so the content is set to less than 0.70 wt%. In order to sufficiently expect an increase in strength, it is preferable to contain 0.08 wt% or more, more preferably 0.15 wt% or more.
- Si is an element effective in deoxidizing and dissolving in ferrite to increase the strength of steel and finely disperse cementite. Therefore, it is preferable that the content is 0.05 wt% or more including those added as a deoxidizer and remaining in the steel.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited for increasing the strength, but it is preferably 2.5 wt% or less in consideration of the workability of the steel material.
- Mn is an element effective in reducing the austenitizing temperature and making the austenite finer, and also effective in suppressing the coarsening of the cementite by hardening into the cementite and cementite. If it is less than 0.05 wt%, it is difficult to obtain a desired effect. More preferably, 0.2 wt% or more is contained.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited for increasing the strength, but considering the toughness of the obtained steel material, it is preferably 3.0 wt% or less.
- Cr is an element effective for improving hardenability, and has a strong effect of delaying the growth of cementite by dissolving in cementite.
- Al is an element effective for deoxidizing and forming an intermetallic compound with elements such as Ni to increase the strength of the steel. However, excessive addition reduces toughness, so it was made 0.5 wt% or less. In the case where an intermetallic compound of Al and another element, Al nitride, oxide, or the like is not used as the second phase dispersed particles, it is 0.02 wt% or less, and more specifically 0.01 wt% or less. It is preferable.
- O oxygen
- the oxide can be finely and uniformly dispersed as an oxide, it effectively acts not as an inclusion but as a grain growth suppressing or dispersion strengthening particle. However, if excessively contained, the toughness is lowered, so the content was made 0.3 wt% or less.
- the oxide is not used as the second phase dispersed particles, the content is preferably 0.01 wt% or less.
- N nitrogen
- N nitrogen
- the toughness is lowered, so the content was made 0.3 wt% or less.
- the content is preferably 0.01 wt% or less.
- W, V, Ti, Nb and Ta also showed the same effect as Mo, and the upper limit addition amount was determined for each. Furthermore, the combined addition of these elements is effective in finely dispersing the dispersion strengthening particles.
- P and S are not particularly defined, but P and S are elements that should be removed as much as possible in order to reduce the grain boundary strength, and are each preferably 0.03 wt% or less. In addition, it is permissible for elements other than those described above to be contained in various elements as long as the effects of the present invention are not reduced.
- the screw part is formed by screw rolling in a temperature range lower than that of the head so that the fibrous structure is not lost.
- the ductility, delayed fracture, and toughness of the threaded portion could be greatly increased.
- Si is 3 wt% or less
- Mn is 3 wt% or less
- Cr is 3 wt% or less
- Al is 0.5 wt% or less
- O is 0.00%. It is preferable that 3 wt% or less, N is 0.3 wt% or less, Mo is 5.0 wt% or less, Ni is 10 wt% or less, Cu is 2.0 wt% or less, and Nb is 1.0 wt% or less.
- Table 1 shows the steel components used for the bolt material.
- a material has the steel component excellent in the delayed fracture characteristic relevant to patent document 2.
- FIG. Material B corresponds to JIS-SCM440 steel.
- the tempered material a bar having a cross-sectional area of about 2 cm 2 was prepared. The materials A and B were quenched from 950 ° C. and 920 ° C., respectively, and then tempered at 500 ° C. and 400 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the particle-dispersed fibrous tissue material first, a square material having a cross-sectional area of 9 cm 2 is prepared, and the A material and the B material are quenched from 950 ° C.
- the V-notch Charpy impact absorption energy shows a sufficiently high value of 100 J or more even when the tensile strength is 1500 MPa or more.
- the end of the steel material was heated to the temperature shown in Table 3 for the obtained bar, and the head was formed. Subsequently, the bolts were each heated to the tempering temperature so as not to impair the properties of the material, and the threaded portion was produced by rolling to obtain a screw standard bolt of JIS-M12.
- Table 3 shows the obtained bolt characteristics.
- the hardness of the bolt is determined by using a Vickers hardness tester according to the test method specified in JIS Z 2244 for the sample cross section after the bolt is cut along the long axis and the cut surface is mirror-finished by buffing. The load was 1 kg and the holding time was 15 s.
- the tensile properties of the bolt products were evaluated by a tensile test using a wedge (wedge angle 4 °) according to JIS B 1186.
- Table 3 SNos. 1, 4, 5, 7, 9 to 13, 16 are examples of the present invention, and the others are comparative examples.
- the sample described as “screw part” as the fracture part is a sample fractured at the screw part, and the sample described as “cylindrical part” as the fracture part is a sample fractured at the cylinder part under the neck.
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Abstract
Description
(式1)
(Ao×Ho)/(As×Hs)=K
Ao:ネジ部より大径の首下円筒部の有効断面積
Ho:前記Ao測定部分の硬さ
As:ネジ部の有効断面積
Hs:ネジ部の硬さ
これは、HoをHsより小さくし、前記(式1)のKを上記範囲にすることで、圧造が困難であった高強度ボルトの頭部を既存のボルト製造機を用いた温間成形プロセスでネジ部よりも高温で圧造できるようになった。また、ネジ部に対して、ボルト首下円筒部および頭部の硬さを傾斜的に低くすることで硬さの上昇とはトレードオフの関係にある延性、耐衝撃性、遅れ破壊特性を首下円筒部および頭部で高めることができたことによるものである。
前記(式1)は、ネジ部よりも首下円筒部が軟質な組織となっていることを意味しており、そのKが0.8以上、好ましくは0.9以上、より好ましくは1とするのが望ましい。Kがこの値未満ではボルトがネジ部でなく首下円筒部で破断してしまう。
またKが大きくなりすぎるとボルトの首下円筒部の径が大きくなりすぎてボルトとしての機能が十分に発揮できなくなるので、その上限は自ずと明らかである。ボルトの汎用性を考慮するとJIS規格に準じたボルト形状が好ましく、その場合のK値は1.3以下とするのが好ましい。
まずボルトの頭部となる素材の端部を350℃以上Ac1点(オーステナイト相の析出開始温度)+20℃以下の温度域に加熱し、頭部形状に圧造する。ついで頭部の加熱温度よりも低い温度でネジ部を転造する。なお、ネジ転造温度は鋼材の成形性にもよるが室温としても問題ない。
なお、Ac1点は、例えば、表1に示す組成からすれば、従来周知の経験式(非特許文献3)に基づき,A材795℃、B材740℃となる。しかし、高周波加熱装置を用いて素材を急速に加熱した場合などではAc1点は前述の算定Ac1点より高温側にずれる傾向にあることが従来より知られており、このことを考慮した場合は、上記のようにするのが実態に即した温度である。
なお、本発明は、表1に示す組成のものに限らないのであるから、本趣旨に適合する組成のものであれば、上記温度に限るものではないことは明らかであり、また従来周知のAc1実験式より、容易に知り得るものでもある。
C量が0.7wt%未満とする場合は、Siが3wt%以下、Mnが3wt%以下、Crが3wt%以下、Alが0.5wt%以下、Oが0.3wt%以下、Nが0.3wt%以下、Moが5.0wt%以下、Niが10wt%以下、Cuが2.0wt%以下、Nbが1.0wt%以下含有するのが好ましい。
制限は無いが、高価な元素であるため、9wt%以下とすることが好ましい。
なお、上記以外の元素についても、本発明の効果を下げない範囲で各種の元素が含有されることが許容される。
本発明においても以下のようにすることで、このような粒子分散型繊維状結晶粒組織を有するボルトを創製することが可能である。
ボルト成形前に調質処理を行い、これを350℃以上、鋼のAc1点の20℃以下の温度範囲で、減面率30%以上の温間加工により長手方向に繊維化させる。その後、頭部を圧造が可能な温間域で成形する。ネジ部は繊維状組織が消失しないように頭部よりも低い温度域でネジ転造により成形する。これによりネジ部の延性、遅れ破壊性、靭性を大幅に高めることが出来た。その結果、高強度でありながらかつ壊れにくい高強度ボルトが実現できた。
本発明では、様々な成分を有した鋼を用いて、圧延とボルト製造条件による効果の相違を観察した結果、とくに良好な靭性を得るためには、C量を0.7wt%未満、好ましくは0.6wt%以下、より好ましくは0.5wt%以下とするのが望ましい。また、焼入性や焼戻軟化抵抗を上げて高強度化を図るにはSiが3wt%以下、Mnが3wt%以下、Crが3wt%以下、Alが0.5wt%以下、Oが0.3wt%以下、Nが0.3wt%以下、Moが5.0wt%以下、Niが10wt%以下、Cuが2.0wt%以下、Nbが1.0wt%以下を含有することが好ましい。
なお、表3のSNo.1、4、5、7、9から13、16は本発明の実施例であり、その他は比較例である。
破断部位として「ネジ部」と記載しているサンプルはネジ部で破断したサンプルであり、破断部位として「円筒部」と記載しているサンプルは首下円筒部で破断したサンプルを示す。
Claims (3)
- 引張強度が1.2GPa以上で、ネジ部と首下円筒部を有する高強度ボルトであって、下記(式1)のKが0.8以上とし、かつ、Ho<Hsであることを特徴とする高強度ボルト。
(式1)
(Ao×Ho)/(As×Hs)=K
Ao:ネジ部より大径の首下円筒部の有効断面積
Ho:前記Ao測定部分の硬さ
As:ネジ部の有効断面積
Hs:ネジ部の硬さ - 請求項1に記載の高強度ボルトにおいて、Cが0.7wt%未満、Siが3wt%以下、Mnが3wt%以下、Crが3wt%以下、Alが0.5wt%以下、Oが0.3wt%以下、Nが0.3wt%以下、Moが5.0wt%以下、Niが10wt%以下、Cuが2.0wt%以下、Nbが1.0wt%以下含有し、残部は実質的にFe及び不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする高強度ボルト。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の高強度ボルトにおいて、粒子分散型繊維状組織を有することを特徴とする高強度ボルト。
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