WO2011118597A1 - 温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板 - Google Patents
温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength TRIP (strain-induced transformation) steel sheet excellent in warm workability. Specifically, in the ultrahigh strength region of 840 to 1380 MPa class, the elongation of the TRIP steel sheet is remarkably improved by warm working. It relates to a strength steel plate.
- TRIP strain-induced transformation
- TRIP steel plate effectively utilizes the property that ductility is improved by generating retained austenite ( ⁇ R) in the structure, and this ⁇ R is induced transformation (strain-induced transformation: TRIP) during work deformation (for example, patents). Reference 1).
- the TRIP steel sheet has a problem that it is inferior in workability [particularly stretch flangeability (hole expandability)] for facilitating processing into a complicated shape.
- Stretch flangeability is a characteristic particularly required for steel plates used as parts around automobiles, etc., and in promoting the application to parts around the legs where the lightening effect of TRIP steel sheets can be most expected, Improvement of stretch flangeability has been eagerly desired.
- a high-strength steel sheet is obtained, and a patent application has already been filed for the invention completed on the basis of this finding (hereinafter referred to as “prior invention”, and the high-strength steel sheet according to the prior invention is referred to as “prior invention steel sheet”). (See Patent Document 2).
- the prior invention steel sheet is in mass%, C: 0.05 to 0.6% Si + Al: 0.5-3%, Mn: 0.5 to 3%, P: 0.15% or less (excluding 0%), S: 0.02% or less (including 0%) And containing
- the parent phase structure contains bainitic ferrite and / or granular bainitic ferrite having an average hardness of 240 Vv or more in terms of Vickers hardness, with a space factor of 70% or more with respect to the entire structure.
- the second phase structure contains 5-30 % of retained austenite as a space factor with respect to the entire structure, and the C concentration (C ⁇ R ) in the retained austenite is 1.0% by mass or more, Furthermore, it is a high-strength steel plate that may contain bainite and / or martensite.
- C ⁇ R C concentration contained in ⁇ R
- the plastic stability of ⁇ R itself is the highest, particularly in the temperature range of 100 to 400 ° C. (preferably 150 to 250 ° C.). It was thought that good characteristics could be exhibited (see paragraph [0023] of the same document).
- the prior invention steel sheet must have a C concentration (C ⁇ R ) in ⁇ R of 1.0 mass% or more, and the C ⁇ R It is said that the higher the content of, the better (see paragraph [0030] of the same document).
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above circumstances, and its object is to provide a high-strength steel plate that can maximize the TRIP effect in warm working and can be made more ductile than the steel plate of the prior invention. It is in.
- the invention described in claim 1 % By mass (hereinafter the same for chemical components) C: 0.05 to 0.4%, Si + Al: 0.5-3%, Mn: 0.5 to 3%, P: 0.15% or less (excluding 0%), S: 0.02% or less (including 0%) And the balance has a component composition consisting of iron and impurities, Containing 45-80% area ratio of martensite and / or bainitic ferrite in total amount to the whole structure, Polygonal ferrite is included in an area ratio of 5-40% with respect to the whole structure, The residual austenite is included in an area ratio of 5 to 20% with respect to the entire structure, and the C concentration (C ⁇ R ) in the residual austenite is 0.6% by mass or more and less than 1.0% by mass, Furthermore, it is a high-strength steel sheet excellent in warm workability characterized by having a structure that may contain bainite.
- composition further Mo: 1% or less (excluding 0%), Ni: 0.5% or less (excluding 0%), Cu: 0.5% or less (excluding 0%),
- Ingredient composition further Ti: 0.1% or less (excluding 0%), Nb: 0.1% or less (excluding 0%), V: 0.1% or less (excluding 0%),
- Ingredient composition further Ca: 0.003% or less (not including 0%) and / or REM: 0.003% or less (not including 0%)
- Ingredient composition further Ca: 0.003% or less (not including 0%) and / or REM: 0.003% or less (not including 0%)
- the high-strength steel sheet having excellent warm workability according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
- the total amount of martensite and / or bainitic ferrite is 45 to 80% with respect to the entire structure, and the polygonal ferrite is 5 to 40% with respect to the entire structure.
- Including residual austenite in an area ratio of 5 to 20% with respect to the entire structure, and the C concentration (C ⁇ R ) in the residual austenite is 0.6 mass% or more and less than 1.0 mass%. It has become possible to maximize the effect of improving ductility by processing, and to provide a high-strength steel sheet that can be made even more ductile than the steel sheet of the prior invention.
- the inventors of the present invention have the same bainitic ferrite having a substructure with a high dislocation density as in the steel sheet of the prior invention (however, in Patent Document 2, bainitic ferrite and / or granular bay). Focusing on TRIP steel sheets containing nitrite (ferrite) and retained austenite ( ⁇ R), further studies have been made to further improve the ductility by warm working. As a result, the C concentration (C ⁇ R ) in ⁇ R is lowered to 0.6% by mass or more and less than 1.0% by mass, which is a range lower than the specified range (1.0% by mass or more) of the preceding invention.
- the steel sheet of the present invention is based on the structure of TRIP steel as in the case of the steel sheet of the previous invention.
- the steel sheet contains a predetermined amount of polygonal ferrite and has a C concentration (C ⁇ R ) in the retained austenite. Is controlled to be 0.6 mass% or more and less than 1.0 mass%, unlike the above-described prior invention steel plate that does not contain polygonal ferrite and C ⁇ R is controlled to 1.0 mass% or more. Yes.
- “Bainitic ferrite” in the present invention has a substructure having a lath-like structure with a high dislocation density in the bainite structure and is free of carbides in the structure. It is clearly different, and is also different from the polygonal ferrite structure having a substructure with little or no dislocation density, or a quasi-polygonal ferrite structure having a substructure such as fine subgrains (Japan Iron and Steel Institute Fundamental Study Group) (See the publication “Steel Bainite Photobook-1”). This structure exhibits an acicular shape when observed with an optical microscope or SEM, and is difficult to distinguish. Therefore, in order to determine a clear difference from a bainite structure or a polygonal / ferrite structure, the structure of the lower structure by TEM observation is determined. Identification is necessary.
- the structure of the steel sheet according to the present invention has martensite and / or bainitic ferrite as the main structure, so that the periphery of ⁇ R is constrained and the effect of improving ductility by the strain-induced transformation effect of ⁇ R can be effectively exhibited. Can do.
- the total amount of the martensite and / or bainitic ferrite structure is 45 to 80% (preferably 50 to 80%, more preferably 53 to 60%) in terms of area ratio with respect to the entire structure. It is necessary to be. This is because the effect of the martensite and / or bainitic ferrite structure is effectively exhibited.
- the amount of the martensite and / or bainitic ferrite structure is determined by the balance with ⁇ R, and it is recommended that the amount be appropriately controlled so as to exhibit desired characteristics.
- ⁇ R residual austenite
- the area ratio is 5% or more (preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more) with respect to the whole structure. It is necessary to.
- the stretch flangeability deteriorates too much when present in large amounts, so the upper limit was set to 20%.
- C ⁇ C concentration in the retained austenite ( ⁇ R) (C ⁇ R): less than 0.6 mass% to 1.0 mass%> Furthermore, the C concentration (C ⁇ R ) in the ⁇ R is 0.6 mass% or more and less than 1.0 mass%.
- C ⁇ R greatly affects the characteristics of TRIP (strain-induced transformation processing).
- it is essential that the content of C ⁇ R is 1.0% by mass or more as in the case of the prior invention steel sheet. The more the content of, the more preferable.
- the temperature lower than that of the steel sheet of the prior invention which is in the range of 0.6% by mass or more and less than 1.0% by mass, reduces the driving force for stress-induced transformation during deformation. It is possible to maximize the ductility by maximizing the TRIP effect in the interval (100 to 250 ° C.). Preferably they are 0.7 mass% or more and 0.9 mass% or less.
- the steel sheet of the present invention may be composed only of the above structure (mixed structure of martensite and / or bainitic ferrite, polygonal ferrite and ⁇ R), but within the range not impairing the function of the present invention.
- bainite may be included.
- this structure can inevitably remain in the manufacturing process of the steel sheet of the present invention, the smaller the number, the better. It is recommended to control the area ratio to 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less with respect to the entire structure. Is done.
- the area ratio of the structure in the steel sheet was determined by observing the steel sheet with repeller corrosion, identifying the structure by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM; magnification 1500 times), and then measuring the area ratio of the structure by optical microscope observation (magnification 1000 times).
- the area ratio of ⁇ R and the C concentration in ⁇ R (C ⁇ R ) were measured by X-ray diffractometry after grinding to a thickness of 1/4 of the steel plate and then chemical polishing (ISIJ Int. Vol. 33, (1933), No. 7, p. 776).
- Component composition of the steel sheet of the present invention C: 0.05 to 0.4% C is an essential element for obtaining a desired main structure (martensite and / or bainitic ferrite + ⁇ R) while ensuring high strength, and 0 for effectively exhibiting such an action. 0.05% or more (preferably 0.10% or more, more preferably 0.15% or more) needs to be added. However, if it exceeds 0.4%, it is not suitable for welding.
- Si + Al are elements that effectively suppress the generation of carbides by decomposition of ⁇ R.
- Si is useful as a solid solution strengthening element.
- the upper limit is made 3%.
- Mn 0.5 to 3.0%
- Mn also exerts an effect of promoting transformation and promoting the formation of martensite and / or bainitic ferrite structure.
- it is an element necessary for stabilizing ⁇ and obtaining a desired ⁇ R.
- it is necessary to add 0.5% or more.
- it is 0.7% or more, More preferably, it is 1% or more.
- it is 2.5% or less, More preferably, it is 2% or less.
- P 0.15% or less (excluding 0%) P is an element effective for securing a desired ⁇ R. In order to effectively exhibit such an action, it is recommended to add 0.03% or more (more preferably 0.05% or more). However, if it exceeds 0.15%, the secondary workability deteriorates. More preferably, it is 0.1% or less.
- S 0.02% or less (including 0%) S is an element that forms sulfide-based inclusions such as MnS and degrades workability as a starting point of cracking. Therefore, it is made 0.02% or less. Preferably it is 0.015% or less.
- the steel of the present invention basically contains the above components, and the balance is substantially iron and unavoidable impurities, but the following allowable components can be added as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. .
- Mo 1% or less (excluding 0%), Ni: 0.5% or less (excluding 0%), Cu: 0.5% or less (excluding 0%), Cr: 1% or less (excluding 0%) 1 type or 2 types or more
- Mo 0.05% or more (more preferably 0.1% or more), Ni: 0.05% or more (more preferably 0.1% or more), Cu : 0.05% or more (more preferably 0.1% or more) and Cr: 0.05% or more (more preferably 0.1% or more) are recommended.
- Mo and Cr are added in excess of 1% and Ni and Cu are added in excess of 0.5%, the above effects are saturated, which is economically wasteful. More preferably, Mo is 0.8% or less, Ni is 0.4% or less, Cu is 0.4% or less, and Cr is 0.8% or less.
- Ti 0.1% or less (excluding 0%), Nb: 0.1% or less (excluding 0%), V: 0.1% or less (excluding 0%), Zr: one or more of 0.1% or less (not including 0%)
- These elements have precipitation strengthening and microstructure refinement effects, and are useful elements for increasing the strength.
- Ti: 0.01% or more (more preferably 0.02% or more), Nb: 0.01% or more (more preferably 0.02% or more), V : 0.01% or more (more preferably 0.02% or more) and Zr: 0.01% or more (more preferably 0.02% or more) are recommended to be added. However, if any element is added in an amount exceeding 0.1%, the above effect is saturated, which is economically useless. More preferably, Ti is 0.08% or less, Nb is 0.08% or less, V is 0.08% or less, and Zr is 0.08% or less.
- Ca and REM are elements that control the form of sulfides in steel and are effective in improving workability.
- examples of rare earth elements used in the present invention include Sc, Y, and lanthanoids.
- it is recommended to add 0.0003% or more (more preferably 0.0005% or more). However, even if added over 0.003%, the above effect is saturated, which is economically useless. More preferably, it is 0.0025% or less.
- a steel satisfying the above component composition is heated to an austenite + ferrite ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) two-phase region temperature, soaking [specifically, 750 ° C. or higher (preferably 780 ° C. or higher), lower than 850 ° C. (preferably 840 ° C.). After heating for 100 to 1000 seconds (preferably 300 to 600 seconds)], and then 30 ° C./s or more (preferably 40 ° C./s or more, more preferably 50 ° C./s or more, particularly preferably 70 ° C. / S) at an average cooling rate of 150 ° C. or higher (preferably 200 ° C. or higher) and 350 ° C. or lower (preferably 300 ° C.
- the prior invention steel sheet is manufactured by a process of soaking, quenching, and austempering at a ⁇ single phase temperature.
- the strength increases as the austemper temperature decreases, but C ⁇ R also increases. This is due to the following reason.
- the austemper temperature decreases, the strength of the generated bainitic ferrite increases because the hardness thereof increases.
- C ⁇ R is determined by the degree of C concentration on the austenite side accompanying the formation of bainitic ferrite that hardly dissolves C, but the austenite with higher C concentration becomes more stable as the temperature becomes lower.
- C ⁇ R increases as the austempering temperature decreases. For this reason, in the steel sheet of the prior invention, in order to obtain a high tensile strength of 840 MPa or more, it is necessary to perform austempering treatment at a low temperature of 450 ° C. or less, and C ⁇ R is inevitably 1% by mass or more.
- the steel sheet of the present invention is manufactured by the steps of soaking, undercooling, reheating, and austempering at a ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) two-phase region temperature as described above.
- a desired amount of polygonal ferrite is generated, and before the austempering treatment, it is once supercooled to a predetermined temperature range, and then reheated to the austempering temperature.
- austempering Te holds a predetermined time, it is possible to establish a high tensile strength of at least 840MPa, and the introduction of polygonal ferrite ductile, less than 1.0 wt% and a low C [gamma] R simultaneously.
- the dislocation density is originally high, the dislocation density is still higher than that of bainitic ferrite produced during austempering treatment, that is, by maintaining high hardness, soaking was carried out without overcooling ⁇ austempering treatment. Sufficient strength is ensured even at higher austempering temperatures. Since C ⁇ R decreases as the austempering temperature increases, high strength and low C ⁇ R can be achieved at the same time by processing in such a process.
- the part with high dislocation density generated during supercooling has a structure similar to that of bainitic ferrite during austempering treatment, that is, a structure having a lath-like substructure and no carbide in the structure.
- bainitic ferrite Since it changes, it cannot be distinguished with a normal microscope (optical microscope, SEM, TEM). Therefore, in the present invention, both are collectively referred to as bainitic ferrite. If the supercooling temperature is too low, the martensitic transformation proceeds, and carbon is not sufficiently discharged to the austenite side during the austemper treatment after reheating, so that a necessary amount of retained austenite cannot be secured. On the other hand, if it is too high, the difference from the austempering temperature becomes small, so C ⁇ R cannot be lowered. Further, if the holding time at the supercooling temperature is too long, the martensitic transformation proceeds, so that a necessary amount of retained austenite cannot be ensured as described above. The holding time may be short, but from the viewpoint of reproducibility of temperature control in actual operation, it is preferable to provide a holding time of a certain time (5 seconds or more).
- the cooling process of soaking in the ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) two-phase region ⁇ supercooling is particularly important for obtaining a desired main structure unlike the steel plate of the prior invention, and as described above, in the ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) two-phase region.
- desired martensite and / or bainitic ferrite main structure
- the average cooling rate has a great influence on the form of ⁇ R, so it is extremely important.
- a predetermined form of ⁇ R is generated between laths of martensite and / or bainitic ferrite structure. It becomes possible to make it.
- the upper limit of the average cooling rate is not particularly limited, and the larger the better, the better. However, it is recommended that the average cooling rate be appropriately controlled in relation to the actual operation level.
- the austemper treatment after supercooling ⁇ reheating is tempered by the high dislocation density structure generated during supercooling, the formation of bainitic ferrite, the concentration of C in the austenite phase, and the generation of these. It is extremely important for suppressing the decomposition of ⁇ R into carbides. By limiting the holding time of the austempering treatment to the above range, decomposition into ⁇ R ⁇ carbide can be effectively suppressed. If the austempering temperature is too high, ⁇ R is easily decomposed into carbides, and a predetermined amount of ⁇ R cannot be obtained.
- a bainite structure may be generated as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- plating or further alloying treatment may be performed within a range that does not impair the function of the present invention without significantly degrading a desired structure.
- the warm working means warm forming at 100 to 250 ° C. (preferably 120 to 200 ° C., most preferably around 150 ° C.), and the entire steel sheet is in the temperature range. What is necessary is just to soak suitably.
- the tensile strength (TS) at room temperature is the same by warm-working the steel sheet of the present invention as compared to the case of warm-working the conventional prior-art steel sheet.
- the elongation (EL) is about 40%, and is an index that represents the balance between tensile strength (TS) at room temperature and elongation (EL) at room temperature.
- EL has a remarkable improvement effect that it rises by about 30 to 40% (Comparison Steel No. 1 with Steel No. 13 or Steel No. 15 in Table 5 below).
- the steel sheet of the present invention when the steel sheet of the present invention is warm-worked, since the forming limit is high, the steel sheet of the present invention is a part having a complicated shape, such as a part constituting a center pillar or a part constituting a front pillar. It can be suitably used for processing.
- the warm-formed parts obtained by warm-working the steel sheet of the present invention are characterized by high yield stress and large maximum load during deformation because they contain a large amount of bainitic ferrite as the structure. For this reason, it is expected to exhibit high load-bearing characteristics. Therefore, for example, it can be suitably used for a component such as a component constituting a side sill or a component constituting a roof rail.
- the processing temperature is not as high as hot processing, it is difficult for scales to occur and the paintability is considered to be relatively good.
- it can be applied to parts such as parts that make up a floor cloth and parts that make up a roof panel. It can be used suitably.
- the elongation characteristics are good after work and the work hardening coefficient is also good. Since it can be in a large state, it can be expected to have characteristics that it is difficult to break even when used as a part and that the absorbed energy is large. For example, it can be suitably used for parts such as parts constituting the front side member and parts constituting the rear side member.
- Example 1 [Examination of component composition]
- the influence of mechanical properties when the component composition was changed was investigated. Specifically, the test steel having the composition shown in Table 1 was vacuum-melted to obtain an experimental slab (the thickness of the hot-rolled sheet was 2.0 mm), and then the slab was manufactured under the manufacturing conditions shown in Table 2. And heat treated.
- the processing temperature (tensile temperature) was varied from 20 ° C. to 350 ° C., and the tensile strength (TS), YS [under Yield point (yield stress)] and elongation [total elongation (EL)] were measured respectively.
- the tensile test used JIS No. 5 test piece and measured TS, YS, and EL.
- the strain rate in the tensile test was 1 mm / s.
- Nos. 1 to 13 and 17 are invention steels obtained by warm-working steel sheets manufactured under recommended production conditions using steel types that satisfy the range of the component composition of the present invention.
- a high-strength steel sheet with a good balance of elongation (TS at room temperature ⁇ EL at warm temperature) was obtained.
- Steel No. No. 14 is an example in which the amount of C is small. Since the amount of polygonal ferrite produced is excessive and the amount of ⁇ R produced is insufficient, the EL at room temperature TS ⁇ warm does not satisfy the criterion.
- Steel No. 15 is an example in which the total amount of (Si + Al) is small, and almost no desired ⁇ R is generated. Therefore, the EL in the warm is low for the low intensity, and the EL in the TS ⁇ the warm at the room temperature is judged. Does not meet the criteria.
- No. No. 16 is an example in which the amount of Mn is small, and since the amount of ⁇ R produced is insufficient, the EL at warm is low, and the TS at room temperature ⁇ EL at warm does not satisfy the criterion.
- Example 2 [Examination of manufacturing conditions]
- the steel type No After manufacturing the steel plate under each condition shown in Table 4 using the experimental slab of No. 9 (the thickness of the hot-rolled plate is 2.0 mm), the processing temperature (tensile temperature) was variously changed from 20 ° C. to 350 ° C., The influence of the processing temperature on the mechanical properties was investigated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the above steel types are steels that satisfy the component composition specified in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are graphs showing the relationship between the processing temperature and TS or EL.
- Each of Nos. 1 to 12 is an invention steel obtained by warm-working a steel sheet manufactured under the recommended production conditions using a steel type that satisfies the range of the component composition of the present invention, and has tensile strength at room temperature and elongation at warm temperature.
- a high-strength steel sheet having a good balance (TS at room temperature ⁇ EL at warm temperature) was obtained.
- steel no. No. 13 is an example in which austempering is performed immediately after soaking without performing subcooling ⁇ reheating, and is an example substantially equivalent to the conventional prior invention steel except that the soaking temperature range is different. Since ⁇ R is 1% by mass or more, TS at room temperature ⁇ EL at warm temperature does not satisfy the criterion.
- Steel No. 14 is an example where the soaking temperature is lower than the ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) two-phase region, and since the area ratio of polygonal ferrite becomes excessive, it is determined that both the TS at room temperature and the EL at room temperature x TS Does not meet the criteria.
- Steel No. 15 is an example in the ⁇ single-phase region where the soaking temperature is higher than the ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) two-phase region, and is an example substantially equivalent to the conventional prior invention steel except that the supercooling ⁇ reheating is performed after soaking. Since the area ratio of bainitic ferrite is insufficient, both the TS at room temperature and the TS at room temperature ⁇ EL at the warm temperature do not satisfy the criterion.
- Steel No. No. 16 is an example where the supercooling temperature is low. Since the area ratio of ⁇ R is insufficient, the EL at the warm is inferior, and the TS at the room temperature ⁇ the EL at the warm does not satisfy the criterion.
- Steel No. 17 is an example in which the supercooling holding time is long, and since ⁇ R decomposes into carbides and the area ratio of ⁇ R is insufficient, EL at warm is inferior, and TS at room temperature ⁇ EL at warm is a criterion. Does not meet.
- Steel No. 18 is an example in which the reheating rate is small, and ⁇ R decomposes into carbides and the area ratio of ⁇ R is insufficient, so that the EL in the warm is inferior, and the TS in the room temperature ⁇ the EL in the warm is a criterion. Do not meet.
- Steel No. 20 is an example in which the austempering temperature is high, and C ⁇ R is insufficient. Therefore , EL at room temperature ⁇ TS EL does not satisfy the criterion.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 1 and steel No. 1 in Table 5 which is a comparative steel plate.
- the steel plate shows a slight EL increase effect although the TS slightly decreases in the warm working temperature range, but the steel plate of the present invention has a markedly higher EL increase than the comparative steel plate. It is done.
- the high-strength steel plate of the present invention is useful as a steel plate that is used by being press-formed in automobiles, industrial machines, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
C:0.05~0.6%、
Si+Al:0.5~3%、
Mn:0.5~3%、
P:0.15%以下(0%を含まない)、
S:0.02%以下(0%を含む)
を含有し、且つ、
母相組織は、平均硬度がビッカース硬度で240Hv以上であるベイニティック・フェライト及び/又はグラニュラー・ベイニティック・フェライトを全組織に対して占積率で70%以上含有し、
第2相組織は、残留オーステナイトを全組織に対して占積率で5~30%含有し、該残留オーステナイト中のC濃度(CγR)は1.0質量%以上であり、
更にベイナイトおよび/またはマルテンサイトを含有してもよい高強度鋼板である。
質量%で(以下、化学成分について同じ。)、
C:0.05~0.4%、
Si+Al:0.5~3%、
Mn:0.5~3%、
P:0.15%以下(0%を含まない)、
S:0.02%以下(0%を含む)
を含み、残部が鉄および不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
マルテンサイトおよび/またはベイニティック・フェライトを合計量で全組織に対して面積率で45~80%含み、
ポリゴナル・フェライトを全組織に対して面積率で5~40%含み、
残留オーステナイトを全組織に対して面積率で5~20%含み、該残留オーステナイト中のC濃度(CγR)は0.6質量%以上1.0質量%未満であり、
さらに、ベイナイトを含んでもよい組織を有する
ことを特徴とする温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板である。
成分組成が、さらに、
Mo:1%以下 (0%を含まない)、
Ni:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、
Cu:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、
Cr:1%以下 (0%を含まない)の1種または2種以上
を含むものである請求項1に記載の温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板である。
成分組成が、さらに、
Ti:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)、
Nb:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)、
V:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)、
Zr:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)の1種または2種以上
を含むものである請求項1または2に記載の温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板である。
成分組成が、さらに、
Ca:0.003%以下(0%を含まない)、および/または
REM:0.003%以下(0%を含まない)
を含むものである請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板である。
上述したとおり、本発明鋼板は、上記先行発明鋼板と同じくTRIP鋼の組織をベースとするものであるが、特に、ポリゴナル・フェライトを所定量含有するとともに、残留オーステナイト中のC濃度(CγR)が0.6質量%以上1.0質量%未満に制御されている点で、ポリゴナル・フェライトを含有せずCγRが1.0質量%以上に制御されている上記先行発明鋼板と相違している。
本発明における「ベイニティック・フェライト」とは、ベイナイト組織が転位密度の高いラス状組織を持った下部組織を有しており、組織内に炭化物を有していない点で、ベイナイト組織とは明らかに異なり、また、転位密度がないかあるいは極めて少ない下部組織を有するポリゴナル・フェライト組織、あるいは細かいサブグレイン等の下部組織を持った準ポリゴナル・フェライト組織とも異なっている(日本鉄鋼協会 基礎研究会 発行「鋼のベイナイト写真集-1」参照)。この組織は、光学顕微鏡観察やSEM観察するとアシキュラー状を呈しており、区別が困難であるため、ベイナイト組織やポリゴナル・フェライト組織等との明確な違いを判定するには、TEM観察による下部組織の同定が必要である。
このように、組織中にポリゴナル・フェライトを所定量含有させることで、伸びフランジ性は若干犠牲としつつも、後記γRのTRIP作用と相俟って全伸びをさらに高めることができる。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、全組織に対して面積率で5%以上(好ましくは10%以上、より好ましくは20%以上)存在することが必要である。一方、多量に存在すると伸びフランジ性が劣化しすぎるので、上限を40%に定めた。
γRは全伸びの向上に有用であり、このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、全組織に対して面積率で5%以上(好ましくは10%以上、より好ましくは15%以上)存在することが必要である。一方、多量に存在すると伸びフランジ性が劣化しすぎるので、上限を20%に定めた。
さらに、上記γR中のC濃度(CγR)は0.6質量%以上1.0質量%未満とする。前述したとおり、CγRは、TRIP(歪誘起変態加工)の特性に大きく影響するものであるが、従来は上記先行発明鋼板のように1.0質量%以上とすることを必須とし、CγRの含有量は多いほど好ましいとしていた。しかしながら、本発明鋼板では、該先行発明鋼板よりも低い範囲である、0.6質量%以上1.0質量%未満の範囲とすることで、変形時の応力誘起変態の駆動力が小さくなる温間(100~250℃)でTRIP効果を最大限に発揮させてより高延性化させることができる。好ましくは0.7質量%以上0.9質量%以下である。
本発明の鋼板は、上記組織のみ(マルテンサイトおよび/またはベイニティック・フェライト、ポリゴナル・フェライトならびにγRの混合組織)からなっていてもよいが、本発明の作用を損なわない範囲で、他の異種組織として、ベイナイトを有していてもよい。この組織は本発明鋼板の製造過程で必然的に残存し得るものであるが、少なければ少ない程よく、全組織に対して面積率で5%以下、より好ましくは3%以下に制御することが推奨される。
ここで、各相の面積率、および、γR中のC濃度(CγR)の各測定方法について説明する。
C:0.05~0.4%
Cは、高強度を確保しつつ、所望の主要組織(マルテンサイトおよび/またはベイニティック・フェライト+γR)を得るために必須の元素であり、このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには0.05%以上(好ましくは0.10%以上、より好ましくは0.15%以上)添加する必要がある。ただし、0.4%超では溶接に適さない。
SiとAlは、γRが分解して炭化物が生成するのを有効に抑制する元素である。特にSiは、固溶強化元素としても有用である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、SiとAlを合計で0.5%以上添加する必要がある。好ましくは0.7%以上、より好ましくは1%以上である。ただし、上記元素を合計で3%を超えて添加すると、マルテンサイトおよび/またはベイニティック・フェライト組織の生成が阻害される他、熱間変形抵抗が高くなって溶接部の脆化を起こしやすくなり、さらには鋼板の表面性状にも悪影響を及ぼすので、その上限を3%とする。好ましくは2.5%以下、より好ましくは2%以下である。なお、Siは2.0%以下、Alは1.5%以下の各範囲とするのが推奨される。また、Si、Alは、ともに0%超である。
Mnは、固溶強化元素として有効に作用する他、変態を促進してマルテンサイトおよび/またはベイニティック・フェライト組織の生成を促進する作用も発揮する。さらにはγを安定化し、所望のγRを得るために必要な元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、0.5%以上添加することが必要である。好ましくは0.7%以上、より好ましくは1%以上である。ただし、3%を超えて添加すると、鋳片割れが生じる等の悪影響が見られる。好ましくは2.5%以下、より好ましくは2%以下である。
Pは、所望のγRを確保するのに有効な元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、0.03%以上(より好ましくは0.05%以上)添加することが推奨される。ただし、0.15%を超えて添加すると二次加工性が劣化する。より好ましくは0.1%以下である。
Sは、MnS等の硫化物系介在物を形成し、割れの起点となって加工性を劣化させる元素である。従って、0.02%以下とする。好ましくは0.015%以下である。
Ni:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、
Cu:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、
Cr:1%以下 (0%を含まない)の1種または2種以上
これらの元素は、鋼の強化元素として有用であるとともに、γRの安定化や所定量の確保に有効な元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、Mo:0.05%以上(より好ましくは0.1%以上)、Ni:0.05%以上(より好ましくは0.1%以上)、Cu:0.05%以上(より好ましくは0.1%以上)、Cr:0.05%以上(より好ましくは0.1%以上)を、それぞれ添加することが推奨される。ただし、MoおよびCrはそれぞれ1%、NiおよびCuはそれぞれ0.5%を超えて添加しても上記効果が飽和してしまい、経済的に無駄である。より好ましくはMo:0.8%以下、Ni:0.4%以下、Cu:0.4%以下、Cr:0.8%以下である。
Nb:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)、
V:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)、
Zr:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)の1種または2種以上
これらの元素は、析出強化および組織微細化効果があり、高強度化に有用な元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、Ti:0.01%以上(より好ましくは0.02%以上)、Nb:0.01%以上(より好ましくは0.02%以上)、V:0.01%以上(より好ましくは0.02%以上)、Zr:0.01%以上(より好ましくは0.02%以上)を、それぞれ添加することが推奨される。ただし、いずれの元素もそれぞれ0.1%を超えて添加すると上記効果が飽和してしまい、経済的に無駄である。より好ましくはTi:0.08%以下、Nb:0.08%以下、V:0.08%以下、Zr:0.08%以下である。
REM:0.003%以下(0%を含まない)
CaおよびREM(希土類元素)は、鋼中硫化物の形態を制御し、加工性向上に有効な元素である。ここで、本発明に用いられる希土類元素としては、Sc、Y、ランタノイド等が挙げられる。上記作用を有効に発揮させるためには、それぞれ0.0003%以上(より好ましくは0.0005%以上)添加することが推奨される。ただし、0.003%を超えて添加しても上記効果が飽和してしまい、経済的に無駄である。より好ましくは0.0025%以下である。
まず、上記成分組成を満足する鋼を、オーステナイト+フェライト(γ+α)2相域温度まで加熱し、均熱[具体的には750℃以上(好ましくは780℃以上)850℃未満(好ましくは840℃以下)の温度で100~1000秒間(好ましくは300~600秒間)加熱]した後、30℃/s以上(好ましくは40℃/s以上、より好ましくは50℃/s以上、特に好ましくは70℃/s以上)の平均冷却速度で、150℃以上(好ましくは200℃以上)350℃以下(好ましくは300℃以下)の温度域まで冷却(過冷)し、当該過冷温度で60秒間以下(好ましくは5~50秒間)保持した後、2℃/s以上(好ましくは10℃/s以上)の平均加熱速度で、上記過冷温度より高く、かつ、300℃以上(好ましくは350℃以上、より好ましくは400℃以上)480℃以下(好ましくは450℃以下)の温度域まで再加熱し、当該温度域で60秒以上(好ましくは300秒以上)1000秒以下(好ましくは600秒以下)保持する(オーステンパ処理)。
なお、上記過冷温度は低すぎるとマルテンサイト変態が進行してしまい、再加熱後のオーステンパ処理時にオーステナイト側への炭素の吐き出しが十分に行われないため、必要量の残留オーステナイトが確保できない。一方高すぎるとオーステンパ処理温度との差が小さくなるため、CγRを低下できない。また、上記過冷温度における保持時間は長すぎるとマルテンサイト変態が進行してしまうため、上記と同様に必要量の残留オーステナイトが確保できない。またこの保持時間は短くてもかまわないが、実操業における温度制御の再現性の観点からは、一定時間(5秒以上)の保持時間を設けることが好ましい。
〔成分組成の検討〕
本実施例では、成分組成を変化させた場合における機械的特性の影響について調査した。具体的には、表1に示す成分組成からなる供試鋼を真空溶製し、実験用スラブとした(熱延板の板厚は2.0mm)後、当該スラブを表2に示す製造条件で熱処理を施した。
〔製造条件の検討〕
本実施例では、鋼種No.9の実験用スラブを用い、表4に示す各条件で鋼板を製造した(熱延板の板厚は2.0mm)後、加工温度(引張温度)を20℃から350℃まで種々変化させ、加工温度による機械的特性に及ぼす影響を実施例1と同様にして調査した。ちなみに上記の鋼種は、本発明で特定する成分組成を満足する鋼である。
本出願は、2010年3月24日出願の日本特許出願(特願2010-068477)、2011年2月3日出願の日本特許出願(特願2011-021596)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (4)
- 質量%で(以下、化学成分について同じ。)、
C:0.05~0.4%、
Si+Al:0.5~3%、
Mn:0.5~3%、
P:0.15%以下(0%を含まない)、
S:0.02%以下(0%を含む)
を含み、残部が鉄および不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
マルテンサイトおよび/またはベイニティック・フェライトを合計量で全組織に対して面積率で45~80%含み、
ポリゴナル・フェライトを全組織に対して面積率で5~40%含み、
残留オーステナイトを全組織に対して面積率で5~20%含み、該残留オーステナイト中のC濃度(CγR)は0.6質量%以上1.0質量%未満であり、
さらに、ベイナイトを含んでもよい組織を有する
ことを特徴とする温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板。 - 成分組成が、さらに、
Mo:1%以下(0%を含まない)、
Ni:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、
Cu:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、
Cr:1%以下(0%を含まない)の1種または2種以上
を含むものである請求項1に記載の温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板。 - 成分組成が、さらに、
Ti:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)、
Nb:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)、
V:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)、
Zr:0.1%以下(0%を含まない)の1種または2種以上
を含むものである請求項1または2に記載の温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板。 - 成分組成が、さらに、
Ca:0.003%以下(0%を含まない)、および/または
REM:0.003%以下(0%を含まない)
を含むものである請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板。
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CN2011800079709A CN102741442A (zh) | 2010-03-24 | 2011-03-22 | 温热加工性优异的高强度钢板 |
KR1020127024655A KR20120123146A (ko) | 2010-03-24 | 2011-03-22 | 온간 가공성이 우수한 고강도 강판 |
EP11759402.8A EP2551365A4 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2011-03-22 | HIGH-RESISTANCE STEEL PLATE WITH EXCELLENT HEAT-PROCESSABILITY |
US13/634,614 US8932414B2 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2011-03-22 | High-strength steel sheet with excellent warm workability |
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JP2011021596A JP5671359B2 (ja) | 2010-03-24 | 2011-02-03 | 温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板 |
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US (1) | US8932414B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2551365A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5671359B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20120123146A (ja) |
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CN103857819A (zh) * | 2011-10-04 | 2014-06-11 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 高强度钢板及其制造方法 |
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JP5662902B2 (ja) | 2010-11-18 | 2015-02-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 成形性に優れた高強度鋼板、温間加工方法、および温間加工された自動車部品 |
JP5667472B2 (ja) | 2011-03-02 | 2015-02-12 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 室温および温間での深絞り性に優れた高強度鋼板およびその温間加工方法 |
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EP2840159B8 (de) * | 2013-08-22 | 2017-07-19 | ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Stahlbauteils |
JP6348435B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-06-27 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 高強度高延性鋼板 |
KR101917469B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-11-09 | 주식회사 포스코 | 재질편차가 적고 표면품질이 우수한 고강도 열연강판 및 그 제조방법 |
JP7167648B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-13 | 2022-11-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 鋼板の製造方法 |
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CN103857819A (zh) * | 2011-10-04 | 2014-06-11 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 高强度钢板及其制造方法 |
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WO2013129049A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-06 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 温間成形性に優れた高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 |
JP2013181184A (ja) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-12 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 温間成形性に優れた高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20120123146A (ko) | 2012-11-07 |
CN102741442A (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
JP5671359B2 (ja) | 2015-02-18 |
EP2551365A4 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
US8932414B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
EP2551365A1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
US20130022490A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
JP2011219859A (ja) | 2011-11-04 |
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