WO2010110412A1 - Ti-Nb系酸化物焼結体スパッタリングターゲット、Ti-Nb系酸化物薄膜及び同薄膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
Ti-Nb系酸化物焼結体スパッタリングターゲット、Ti-Nb系酸化物薄膜及び同薄膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Ti—Nb-based oxide sintered sputtering target capable of forming a thin film having a high refractive index and a low extinction coefficient at high speed, a Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film, and a method for producing the thin film.
- CD-RW which appeared in 1977 as a rewritable CD
- the CD-RW is rewritten about 1000 times.
- DVD-RW has been developed and commercialized for DVD use, but the layer structure of this disc is basically the same as or similar to CD-RW.
- the number of rewrites is about 1000 to 10,000. These are used to record, reproduce, and add information by irradiating a light beam to cause optical changes such as transmittance and reflectance of the recording material. is there.
- a phase change optical disk used for CD-RW, DVD-RW, or the like is formed on both sides of a recording thin film layer such as Ag-In-Sb-Te system or Ge-Sb-Te system with a high level of ZnS / SiO 2 or the like. It has a four-layer structure sandwiched between protective layers of melting point dielectrics and further provided with a reflective film of silver, silver alloy or aluminum alloy. In order to increase the number of repetitions, an interface layer is added between the memory layer and the protective layer as necessary.
- the reflective layer and the protective layer are required to have an optical function to increase the difference in reflectance between the amorphous portion and the crystalline portion of the recording layer, and also have a moisture resistance of the recording thin film and a function to prevent deformation due to heat.
- a function called thermal condition control is required (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 a single-sided dual-layer optical recording medium has been proposed in order to enable high-capacity and high-density recording.
- this Patent Document 1 there are a first information layer formed on the substrate 1 and a second information layer formed on the substrate 2 from the incident direction of the laser beam, and these are mutually information films via an intermediate layer. They are attached to face each other.
- the first information layer includes a recording layer and a first metal reflective layer
- the second information layer includes a first protective layer, a second protective layer, a recording layer, and a second metal reflective layer.
- layers such as a hard coat layer and a heat diffusion layer for protecting from scratches, dirt and the like may be arbitrarily formed.
- Various materials have been proposed for these protective layers, recording layers, reflective layers, and the like.
- the protective layer made of a high-melting-point dielectric is resistant to repeated thermal stresses caused by heating and cooling, and further prevents these thermal effects from affecting the reflective film and other parts. Thin, low reflectivity and toughness that does not change is required. In this sense, the dielectric protective layer has an important role.
- the recording layer, the reflective layer, the interference film layer, etc. are equally important in the sense that they perform their respective functions in the electronic parts such as CD and DVD described above. Don't hesitate.
- Each thin film of these multilayer structures is usually formed by sputtering.
- a substrate composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode is opposed to a target, and an electric field is generated by applying a high voltage between the substrate and the target in an inert gas atmosphere. Electrons that have been ionized and an inert gas collide to form a plasma. The cations in the plasma collide with the target (negative electrode) surface and knock out target constituent atoms, and the substrate that the ejected atoms face. This is based on the principle that a film is formed on the surface.
- a target using titanium oxide (TiO x ) has been proposed as a sputtering target for forming a heat ray reflective film and an antireflection film (see Patent Document 2).
- the specific resistance value is set to 0.35 ⁇ cm or less, DC sputtering is enabled, and a high refractive index film can be obtained.
- the transmissivity of the membrane is lowered, a measure is taken to further introduce oxygen and make the oxygen content 35% by weight or more.
- Patent Document 3 a technique for forming a film made of titanium oxide and niobium oxide or tantalum oxide as a high refractive index dielectric film has been proposed (see Patent Document 3).
- it is formed by sputtering (reactive) in an oxygen gas-containing atmosphere using an alloy or mixture of titanium and niobium as a target.
- the refractive index of the obtained high refractive index dielectric film is 2.5 or less.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 describe a number of combinations of oxides in thin films for optical recording media.
- the refractive index of the thin film for optical recording media should be important is not mentioned at all. Even if a large number of combinations are conceivable, the refractive index varies depending on the composition, and it is assumed that sufficient studies have not been made.
- these literatures seem to produce the thin film using a sputtering target, the property of a thin film is strongly influenced by the component composition of a target, and the property of the target.
- these documents have no disclosure, and are merely an enumeration of the composition, and their technical contents are not sufficiently disclosed as reference materials.
- JP 2006-79710 A Japanese Patent No. 3836163 JP 2002-277630 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-13201 JP 2004-158145 A JP 2009-157990 A
- the present invention mainly aims to improve the film formation rate of a Ti-based oxide sintered sputtering target, and using this improved target, a Ti-based oxide thin film is sputtered on a substrate.
- a Ti-based oxide thin film is sputtered on a substrate.
- it is a problem to obtain a thin film having a high refractive index, a low extinction coefficient, excellent transmittance, little decrease in reflectance, and useful as an interference film or a protective film of an optical information recording medium
- it can be applied to a glass substrate, that is, used as a heat ray reflective film, an antireflection film, or an interference filter.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research. As a result, it is extremely effective to add niobium oxide to titanium oxide, thereby sputtering the Ti-based oxide sintered target. It is possible to obtain a material capable of greatly improving the speed, maintaining the transmittance and preventing the decrease in the reflectance without impairing the characteristics as an interference film or a protective film of the optical information recording medium. I got the knowledge that I can do it.
- the present application also provides the following invention. 3) Titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), the balance being oxygen and inevitable impurities, the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79, 400 to 410 nm
- Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film characterized by having a refractive index in the wavelength region of more than 2.5 and an extinction coefficient of 0.01 or less.
- Ti Titanium
- Nb niobium
- the balance is oxygen and inevitable impurities
- the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.46 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79, 400 to 410 nm
- a Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film characterized by having a refractive index in the wavelength region of more than 2.5 and an extinction coefficient of 0.01 or less.
- Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film characterized by having a refractive index in the wavelength region of more than 2.5 and an extinction coefficient of 0.01 or less.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film having a high refractive index and a low extinction coefficient. Sputtering has an excellent characteristic that the film formation rate can be improved.
- the thin film obtained by the present invention has a great effect as a film / layer of an optical information recording medium.
- the thin film of the present invention is particularly useful as an interference film or a protective film of an optical information recording medium because it has excellent transmittance and little decrease in reflectance.
- the high-melting-point dielectric protective layer must be resistant to repeated thermal stresses caused by heating and cooling, and the thermal effects of these layers should not affect the reflective film or other parts.
- the Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film of the present invention has characteristics applicable to such a material.
- the Ti—Nb-based oxide sintered sputtering target of the present invention comprises titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), the balance consisting of oxygen and inevitable impurities, and an intermediate compound TiNb 2 O 7 of TiO 2 and Nb 2 O 5.
- the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79.
- titanium is made of TiO 2 and niobium is made of Nb 2 O 5 , and these molar ratios are adjusted to produce a target having the above atomic ratio.
- TiNb 2 O 7 which is an intermediate compound of both oxides to produce. Therefore, the oxygen content is a component ratio in these target manufacturing stages. Oxygen deficiency may occur in the target manufacturing stage, but these cause a decrease in specific resistance, which is a preferable mode. However, it is natural that the component ratio is not expected.
- Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film having substantially the same composition. That is, titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), the balance is made of oxygen and inevitable impurities, and the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79.
- An oxide thin film can be obtained.
- argon gas added with oxygen is usually used as a sputtering gas, the composition of the target and the composition of the thin film may be slightly different, but this is not an essential problem.
- the proportions of the component compositions of titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) are complementary to each other, and the same characteristics can be obtained when any of them is the main component. That is, it is possible to provide a function as a thin film used for a part of the constituent layer of the optical interference film, the protective film or the optical recording medium.
- the lower limit value of Nb / (Ti + Nb) is set to 0.39
- the upper limit value is set to 0.79.
- the lower limit value is less than 0.39, the film formation rate decreases and the effect of addition is small.
- the upper limit exceeds 0.79, the refractive index of the sputtered film becomes low, and a thin film having the desired characteristics cannot be obtained.
- the deposition rate tends to improve as the Nb amount increases.
- the Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film of the present invention is composed of titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), the balance being oxygen and inevitable impurities,
- the atomic ratio of Nb is preferably in the range of 0.46 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79.
- the lower limit is less than 0.46, the amount of change in refractive index is large, and the effect of addition is small.
- the upper limit value exceeds 0.79, the refractive index of the sputtered film decreases, so that a thin film having desired characteristics cannot be obtained.
- the refractive index variation tends to improve as the Nb amount increases.
- titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), the balance is oxygen and unavoidable impurities, and the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.57 ⁇ ( Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.75 is preferable.
- the target to be used can be obtained by sputtering using a target having the same component composition. The reason why the amorphous stability of the thin film is thus improved is not necessarily clear, but it is considered that the intermediate compound TiNb 2 O 7 is not easily crystallized easily. In order to improve the amorphous stability of the thin film, the presence of the intermediate compound TiNb 2 O 7 in the target is important.
- a thin film having an extinction coefficient in the wavelength range of 400 to 410 nm of 0.005 or less, and further having an extinction coefficient of 0.001 or less can be obtained.
- the wavelength region of 400 to 410 nm is the wavelength region of the blue laser. In this wavelength region, the refractive index exceeds 2.5 as described above, but this refractive index is preferably higher.
- the extinction coefficient can be 0.01 or less, 0.005 or less, and further 0.001 or less. The lower the extinction coefficient, the more suitable for multilayering.
- This Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film is useful as an interference film or a protective film, and particularly useful as an optical recording medium.
- Sputtering in this case can be adjusted to introduce oxygen into the sputtering gas, whereby a thin film having a low extinction coefficient can be obtained.
- a Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film it is desirable to perform sputtering using a mixed sputtering gas composed of argon and oxygen mixed with 0.5 to 5% oxygen.
- a Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film having a lower extinction coefficient can be formed on the substrate.
- the sintered compact target of the present invention approximates the component composition of the thin film, but may not be the same.
- the difference in the component composition between the target and the thin film is slight, and a Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film in which the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79 can be obtained.
- a Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film in which the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79 can be obtained.
- it can be set as the thin film which shows the characteristic of this invention.
- the conductivity of the target is necessary.
- the target of the present invention has this condition, and DC (direct current) sputtering is possible. If the TiNb 2 O 7 phase present in the sintered sputtering target is uniformly dispersed as fine particles, the effect of preventing cracks can be exhibited. It can be said that the average particle size is desirably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- sputtering can be performed in an argon gas atmosphere containing 0.5 to 5% oxygen to form a Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film on the substrate.
- the raw material has high purity (usually 4N or more), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m or less (preferably an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less) and high purity (usually 4N or more). It is desirable to use niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) powder having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m or less (preferably an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m or less). These are mixed so that it may become the composition ratio of this invention. Next, these component-adjusted powders are mixed using a wet ball mill or a dry blender (mixer).
- a carbon die After mixing, a carbon die is filled and then hot pressing is performed.
- the hot pressing conditions can be changed depending on the composition components, but are usually in the range of 900 to 1300 ° C. and the surface pressure in the range of 100 to 500 kgf / cm 2 . However, this condition shows a typical condition, and the selection is arbitrary and is not particularly limited.
- the sintered body After sintering, the sintered body is machined to finish the target shape.
- the target thus produced can have a relative density of 90% or more.
- Example 5 As raw materials, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) having a high purity (4N) and an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m and niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) powder having a high purity (4N) and an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m are prepared. It prepared so that it might become a composition ratio shown in a table
- a sputtered film was formed on the glass substrate using the sputtering target thus produced.
- DC sputtering was performed in an Ar gas-O 2 (0.5 to 5%) gas atmosphere with a gas pressure of 0.5 Pa, a gas flow rate of 50 sccm, and a sputtering power of 500 to 1000 w. did.
- DC sputtering could be carried out without any problem, and it was confirmed that this target was conductive.
- a sputtered film of 1 ⁇ m was formed on a glass substrate.
- Table 1 shows the film formation rate and the composition of the film analyzed by EPMA. The refractive index and extinction coefficient of this sputtered film were measured. The refractive index and extinction coefficient were measured with an ellipsometer using a light wavelength of 405 nm. The amount of change in refractive index was determined from the difference in refractive index before and after storing the sample sputter-deposited on the glass substrate for 200 hours in an environment of 80 ° C. and 80%. These results are also shown in Table 1.
- both the target composition and the thin film composition have an atomic ratio of Ti and Nb of 0.39, and fall within the range of 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79 of the present invention. Is the lower limit.
- the specific resistance was as low as 0.5 ⁇ cm and the film formation rate was 2.1 ⁇ / sec / kW, which was a sputtering target suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
- the refractive index of the thin film is as high as 2.57, the refractive index fluctuation amount is slightly unstable as 0.012, and the extinction coefficient is as high as 0.005. It was possible to form a film or the like.
- the target composition and the thin film composition both have an atomic ratio of Ti and Nb of 0.57, and within the range of 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79 of the present invention. there were.
- the specific resistance was as low as 0.01 ⁇ cm and the film formation rate was as high as 2.6 ⁇ / sec / kW, which was a sputtering target suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
- the refractive index of the thin film is as high as 2.56, the refractive index fluctuation amount is stable as 0.007, the extinction coefficient is as low as 0.0001, and a suitable interference film or protective film of an optical recording medium can be used. It was possible to form.
- Example 3 the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.67 for the target composition, and the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.66 for the thin film composition, and 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb) of the present invention. )) ⁇ 0.79.
- the specific resistance was as low as 0.02 ⁇ cm and the film formation rate was as high as 2.7 ⁇ / sec / kW, which was a sputtering target suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
- the refractive index of the thin film is as high as 2.55, the refractive index fluctuation amount is stable as 0.005, the extinction coefficient is as low as 0.0001, and a suitable interference film or protective film of an optical recording medium can be used. It was possible to form.
- the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.75 for the target composition, and the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.75 for the thin film composition, and 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb) of the present invention. )) ⁇ 0.79.
- the specific resistance was as low as 0.05 ⁇ cm
- the film formation rate was as high as 2.9 ⁇ / sec / kW
- the sputtering target was suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
- the refractive index of the thin film is as high as 2.55, the refractive index fluctuation amount is stable as 0.005, the extinction coefficient is as low as 0.0001, and a suitable interference film or protective film of an optical recording medium can be used. It was possible to form.
- the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.79 for the target composition
- the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.79 for the thin film composition
- the specific resistance was as low as 0.03 ⁇ cm
- the film formation rate was as high as 2.7 ⁇ / sec / kW, which was a sputtering target suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
- the refractive index of the thin film is as high as 2.54, the refractive index fluctuation amount is stable as 0.004, the extinction coefficient is as low as 0.0001, and a suitable interference film or protective film of an optical recording medium can be used. It was possible to form.
- the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.46 for the target composition
- the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.46 for the thin film composition
- the specific resistance was as low as 0.1 ⁇ cm
- the film formation rate was as high as 2.3 ⁇ / sec / kW, which was a sputtering target suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
- the refractive index of the thin film is as high as 2.56, the refractive index fluctuation amount is stable as 0.01, the extinction coefficient is as low as 0.0001, and a suitable interference film or protective film of an optical recording medium can be used. It was possible to form.
- a sputtered film was formed on the glass substrate using the sputtering target thus produced.
- DC sputtering was performed in an Ar gas-O 2 (2%) gas atmosphere at a gas pressure of 0.5 Pa, a gas flow rate of 50 sccm, and a sputtering power of 500 to 1000 w as shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 shows that although DC sputtering was possible, there was a film with a very slow film formation rate.
- Table 1 shows the film formation rate and the composition of the film analyzed by EPMA. Furthermore, the refractive index and extinction coefficient of this sputtered film were measured. The refractive index and extinction coefficient were measured with an ellipsometer using a light wavelength of 405 nm. These results are also shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 1 is a titanium oxide target that does not contain niobium (Nb), but the specific resistance of this target increases to> 100 ⁇ cm, and the film formation rate decreases significantly to 0.85 ⁇ / sec / kW.
- the sputtering target was not suitable for the purpose.
- Comparative Example 2 the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.01, which deviates from the range of 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79 of the present invention.
- the specific resistance was as high as 80 ⁇ cm
- the film formation rate was as low as 0.88 ⁇ / sec / kW
- the sputtering target was not suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
- Comparative Example 3 the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.95, which departs from the range of 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79 of the present invention.
- the specific resistance was 1 ⁇ cm and the film formation rate was slightly high, 3.2 ⁇ / sec / kW, the refractive index decreased to 2.48, so that the sputtering target was not suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
- Comparative Example 4 the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb is 0.1, which deviates from 0.39 ⁇ (Nb / (Ti + Nb)) ⁇ 0.79 of the present invention.
- the specific resistance was 1.5 ⁇ cm, the deposition rate was as low as 1.2 ⁇ / sec / kW, and the sputtering target was not suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a Ti—Nb-based oxide sintered sputtering target and a Ti—Nb-based oxide thin film formed by sputtering using this target.
- the thin film obtained by the present invention has a high refractive index and It has a low extinction coefficient and can be used as a film / layer of an optical information recording medium such as an electronic component such as a Blu-Ray disc (registered trademark).
- the thin film of the present invention is also particularly useful as a thin film used for a part of a constituent layer of an interference film, a protective film, or an optical recording medium of an optical information recording medium, having excellent transmittance and little decrease in reflectance. is there.
- the protective layer of refractory dielectric is resistant to repeated thermal stresses caused by heating and cooling, and further prevents these thermal effects from affecting the reflective film and other parts, and it is also thin. It is useful as a dielectric protective layer that requires low reflectivity and toughness that does not deteriorate. Furthermore, the material having such characteristics can be used for architectural glass, automotive glass, CRT, and flat display, that is, a heat ray reflective film, an antireflection film, and an interference filter.
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Abstract
Description
また、DVD用としてDVD-RWが開発され商品化されているが、このディスクの層構造は基本的にCD-RWと同一又は類似するものである。この書き換え回数は1000~10000回程度である。
これらは、光ビームを照射することにより、記録材料の透過率、反射率などの光学的な変化を生じさせて、情報の記録、再生、追記を行うものであり、急速に普及した電子部品である。
反射層と保護層は、記録層のアモルファス部と結晶部との反射率の差を増大させる光学的機能が要求されるほか、記録薄膜の耐湿性や熱による変形の防止機能、さらには記録の際の熱的条件制御という機能が要求される(非特許文献1参照)。
この場合、第一情報層は記録層と第1金属反射層からなり、第二情報層は第1保護層、第2保護層、記録層、第2金属反射層から構成されている。この他に、傷、汚れ等から保護するハードコート層、熱拡散層等の層を任意に形成しても良いとされている。また、これらの保護層、記録層、反射層などに、多様な材料が提案されている。
1)チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなりTiO2とNb2O5の中間化合物TiNb2O7を含み、TiとNbの原子比が0.39≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.79であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物焼結体スパッタリングターゲット。
2)チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなりTiO2とNb2O5の中間化合物TiNb2O7を含み、TiとNbの原子比が0.57≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.75であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物焼結体スパッタリングターゲット。
3)チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなり、TiとNbの原子比が0.39≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.79であり、400~410nmの波長域における屈折率が2.5を超え、かつ消衰係数が0.01以下であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
4)チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなり、TiとNbの原子比が0.46≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.79であり、400~410nmの波長域における屈折率が2.5を超え、かつ消衰係数が0.01以下であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
5)チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなり、TiとNbの原子比が0.57≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.75であり、400~410nmの波長域における屈折率が2.5を超え、かつ消衰係数が0.01以下であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
6)屈折率変動が0.012以下、消衰係数が0.01以下であることを特徴とする上記3)~5)のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
7)屈折率変動が0.01以下、消衰係数が0.001以下であることを特徴とする上記3)~5)のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
8)光干渉膜、保護膜又は光記録媒体の構成層の一部に使用する薄膜であることを特徴とする上記3)~7)のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
9)酸素を0.5~5%混合したアルゴンと酸素からなる混合スパッタリングガスを用いてスパッタリングすることにより基板上に成膜することを特徴とする上記3)~8)のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜の製造方法。
高融点誘電体の保護層は、昇温と冷却による熱の繰返しストレスに対して耐性が必要であり、さらにこれらの熱影響が反射膜や他の箇所に影響を及ぼさないようにし、かつそれ自体も薄く、低反射率でかつ変質しない強靭さが必要であるが、本願発明のTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜は、このような材料に適用できる特性を備えている。
ターゲットの製造段階では、チタンはTiO2として、ニオブはNb2O5として、これらのモル比を調整して上記原子比率のターゲットを作製する。そして両酸化物の中間化合物であるTiNb2O7を生成させる。したがって、酸素含有量は、これらのターゲット製作段階における成分比率となる。ターゲット製造段階で、酸素欠損が生じる場合があるが、これらは比抵抗を下げる要因となり、好ましい形態ではある。しかし、これを期待した成分比率ではないことは当然である。
スパッタリングに際しては、通常スパッタガスとして、酸素を付加したアルゴンガスを使用するので、ターゲットの組成と薄膜の組成は、若干の相違がある場合があるが、それは本質的な問題ではない。すなわちチタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなり、TiとNbの原子比が0.39≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.79であるTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜が得られれば、本願発明の特性を示す薄膜とすることができる。
本願発明のTi-Nb系酸化物スパッタリングターゲットは、Nb/(Ti+Nb)の下限値を0.39とし、上限値を0.79とする。下限値が0.39未満では成膜速度が低下して、添加効果が少ない。また、上限値が0.79を超えると、スパッタ膜の屈折率が低くなり、目的とする特性を備えた薄膜が得られないからである。成膜速度は、Nb量が増加するにしたがって向上する傾向がある。
下限値が0.46未満では、屈折率の変動量が大きくなり、添加効果が少ない。また、上限値が0.79を超えると、スパッタ膜の屈折率が低下するため、目的とする特性を備えた薄膜が得られないからである。屈折率の変動は、Nb量が増加するにしたがって向上する傾向がある。
このように薄膜の非晶質安定性が向上する理由は、必ずしも明確でないが、中間化合物TiNb2O7が容易に結晶化し難いことが原因と考えられる。薄膜の非晶質安定性が向上させるためには、ターゲット中の中間化合物TiNb2O7の存在が重要である。
上記400~410nmの波長領域は、青色レーザーの波長領域であり、この波長領域において、上記の通り屈折率が2.5を超えるが、この屈折率は高い方が良い。また、消衰係数が0.01以下、0.005以下、さらには0.001以下を達成できるが、この消衰係数が低いほど、多層化により適している。このTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜は、干渉膜又は保護膜として有用であり、特に光記録媒体として有用である。
このように、アルゴンのスパッタガス中に酸素を導入してスパッタリングするので、本発明の焼結体ターゲットは、薄膜の成分組成に近似するが同一ではない場合がある。しかしながら、ターゲットと薄膜の成分組成の相異は僅かであり、TiとNbの原子比が0.39≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.79であるTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜が得られれば、本願発明の特性を示す薄膜とすることができる。
焼結体スパッタリングターゲット中に存在するTiNb2O7相は微細粒として均一に分散する方が割れ防止の効果を発揮できる。平均粒径は20μm以下であることが望ましいと言える。この焼結体スパッタリングターゲットを使用し、0.5~5%の酸素を含有するアルゴンガス雰囲気中でスパッタリングし、基板上にTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜を形成することができる。
原料として、高純度(4N)であり、平均粒径1μmの酸化チタン(TiO2)及び高純度(4N)であり、平均粒径3μmの酸化ニオブ(Nb2O5)粉を用意し、下記表に示す組成比となるように調合した。次に、成分調整したこれらの粉末を、乾式ブレンダーを用いて混合した後、1000°Cで仮焼した。この後、さらに湿式ボールミルで20時間程度処理して、粒径1μmまで微粉砕してスラリーを作製した。
以上によって、表1に示す所定組成のTi-Nb系酸化物焼結体スパッタリングターゲットを得ることができた。表1に示すように、ターゲットの比抵抗は0.01~0.5Ωcmであった。本焼結体より採取したサンプルのXRD測定により、TiNb2O7相が存在していることを確認した。
この結果、DCスパッタリングが問題なく実施でき、このターゲットに導電性があることが確認できた。また、スパッタリング中の異常放電は無かった。
このスパッタ膜の屈折率及び消衰係数を測定した。屈折率及び消衰係数は、光波長:405nmを用い、エリプソメーターにより測定した。
また、屈折率変動量は、ガラス基板上にスパッタ成膜したサンプルを80℃、80%環境下で200時間保管し、その環境保管前後の屈折率の差により求めた。
これらの結果を、同様に表1に示す。
この結果、比抵抗が0.02Ωcmと低く、成膜速度が2.7Å/sec/kWと高くなり、本願発明の目的に適合したスパッタリングターゲットであった。また、薄膜の屈折率は2.55と高く、屈折率変動量は0.005と安定しており、消衰係数は0.0001と低く、好適な光記録媒体の干渉膜又は保護膜等を形成することが可能であった。
この結果、比抵抗が0.05Ωcmと低く、成膜速度が2.9Å/sec/kWと高くなり、本願発明の目的に適合したスパッタリングターゲットであった。また、薄膜の屈折率は2.55と高く、屈折率変動量は0.005と安定しており、消衰係数は0.0001と低く、好適な光記録媒体の干渉膜又は保護膜等を形成することが可能であった。
この結果、比抵抗が0.03Ωcmと低く、成膜速度が2.7Å/sec/kWと高くなり、本願発明の目的に適合したスパッタリングターゲットであった。また、薄膜の屈折率は2.54と高く、屈折率変動量は0.004と安定しており、消衰係数は0.0001と低く、好適な光記録媒体の干渉膜又は保護膜等を形成することが可能であった。
この結果、比抵抗が0.1Ωcmと低く、成膜速度が2.3Å/sec/kWと高くなり、本願発明の目的に適合したスパッタリングターゲットであった。また、薄膜の屈折率は2.56と高く、屈折率変動量は0.01と安定しており、消衰係数は0.0001と低く、好適な光記録媒体の干渉膜又は保護膜等を形成することが可能であった。
原料として、実施例1と同様に、高純度(4N)であり、平均粒径1μmの酸化チタン(TiO2)及び高純度(4N)であり、平均粒径3μm)の酸化ニオブ(Nb2O5)粉を用意し、下記表に示す組成比となるように調合した。
次に、成分調整したこれらの粉末を、乾式ブレンダーを用いて混合した後、1000°Cで仮焼した。この後、さらに湿式ボールミルで20時間程度処理して、粒径1μmまで微粉砕してスラリーを作製した。
以上によって、表1に示す所定組成のTi-Nb系酸化物焼結体スパッタリングターゲットを得ることができた。表1に示すように、ターゲットの比抵抗は1~100(超)Ωcmであった。
上記実施例と比較例を対比すると、本願発明の範囲にあるものは、いずれも屈折率が高く安定的であり、消衰係数が小さくなった。同様に、スパッタリングターゲットの各成分が本願発明の条件にあるものは、ターゲットの比抵抗がいずれも100Ωcm以下となり、成膜速度が高く、膜の非晶質性が安定であるという良好な結果となった。
また、本発明の薄膜は、同時に透過率に優れ、反射率の低下が少なく、光情報記録媒体の干渉膜、保護膜又は光記録媒体の構成層の一部に使用する薄膜として、特に有用である。高融点誘電体の保護層は昇温と冷却による熱の繰返しストレスに対して耐性をもち、さらに、これらの熱影響が反射膜や他の箇所に影響を及ぼさないようにし、かつそれ自体も薄く、低反射率でかつ変質しない強靭さが必要である誘電体保護層として有用である。
さらに、このような特性をもつ材料は、建築用ガラス、自動車用ガラス、CRT用、フラットディスプレイ用への適用、すなわち熱線反射膜、反射防止膜、干渉フィルタとして使用することも可能である。
Claims (9)
- チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなりTiO2とNb2O5の中間化合物TiNb2O7を含み、TiとNbの原子比が0.39≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.79であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物焼結体スパッタリングターゲット。
- チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなりTiO2とNb2O5の中間化合物TiNb2O7を含み、TiとNbの原子比が0.57≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.75であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物焼結体スパッタリングターゲット。
- チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなり、TiとNbの原子比が0.39≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.79であり、400~410nmの波長域における屈折率が2.5を超え、かつ消衰係数が0.01以下であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
- チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなり、TiとNbの原子比が0.46≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.79であり、400~410nmの波長域における屈折率が2.5を超え、かつ消衰係数が0.01以下であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
- チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、残部が酸素及び不可避的不純物からなり、TiとNbの原子比が0.57≦(Nb/(Ti+Nb))≦0.75であり、400~410nmの波長域における屈折率が2.5を超え、かつ消衰係数が0.01以下であることを特徴とするTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
- 屈折率変動が0.012以下、消衰係数が0.01以下であることを特徴とする請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
- 屈折率変動が0.01以下、消衰係数が0.001以下であることを特徴とする請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
- 光干渉膜、保護膜又は光記録媒体の構成層の一部に使用する薄膜であることを特徴とする請求項3~7のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜。
- 酸素を0.5~5%混合したアルゴンと酸素からなる混合スパッタリングガスを用いてスパッタリングすることにより基板上に成膜することを特徴とする請求項3~8のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb系酸化物薄膜の製造方法。
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US13/258,137 US8758497B2 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-03-26 | Sputtering target of sintered Ti—Nb based oxide, thin film of Ti—Nb based oxide, and method of producing the thin film |
JP2011506136A JP5349583B2 (ja) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-03-26 | Ti−Nb系酸化物焼結体スパッタリングターゲット、Ti−Nb系酸化物薄膜及び同薄膜の製造方法 |
EP10756208.4A EP2412844A4 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-03-26 | SPUTTERING TARGET OF A SINTERED TI-NB OXID BODY, TI-NB OXID THIN LAYER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE THIN LAYER |
CN201080014062.8A CN102365385B (zh) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-03-26 | Ti-Nb系氧化物烧结体溅射靶、Ti-Nb系氧化物薄膜及该薄膜的制造方法 |
US14/034,879 US20140023868A1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2013-09-24 | Sputtering Target of Sintered Ti-Nb Based Oxide, Thin Film of Ti-Nb Based Oxide, and Method of Producing The Thin Film |
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US14/034,879 Division US20140023868A1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2013-09-24 | Sputtering Target of Sintered Ti-Nb Based Oxide, Thin Film of Ti-Nb Based Oxide, and Method of Producing The Thin Film |
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JP2016510304A (ja) * | 2013-02-06 | 2016-04-07 | コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ | 三価金属を含むチタン及びニオブの混合酸化物 |
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JP2019137575A (ja) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-22 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | カバー部材及びその製造方法 |
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US20140023868A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
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JPWO2010110412A1 (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
JP5349583B2 (ja) | 2013-11-20 |
TW201035347A (en) | 2010-10-01 |
US8758497B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
US20120024192A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
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