WO2010067751A1 - 塩素の製造方法 - Google Patents
塩素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010067751A1 WO2010067751A1 PCT/JP2009/070334 JP2009070334W WO2010067751A1 WO 2010067751 A1 WO2010067751 A1 WO 2010067751A1 JP 2009070334 W JP2009070334 W JP 2009070334W WO 2010067751 A1 WO2010067751 A1 WO 2010067751A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- hydrogen chloride
- diffusion
- chlorine
- water
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 219
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 17
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 isocyanate amine Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 7
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 6
- DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrate;hydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007785 strong electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910001362 Ta alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001872 inorganic gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004063 acid-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- ACXCKRZOISAYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular chlorine hydrate Chemical compound O.ClCl ACXCKRZOISAYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/03—Preparation from chlorides
- C01B7/04—Preparation of chlorine from hydrogen chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/07—Purification ; Separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/07—Purification ; Separation
- C01B7/0743—Purification ; Separation of gaseous or dissolved chlorine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing chlorine.
- chlorine is useful as a raw material for vinyl chloride, phosgene and the like, and is obtained by oxidation of hydrogen chloride in a raw material gas containing hydrogen chloride.
- a copper-based catalyst conventionally called Deacon catalyst is said to have excellent activity, and copper chloride and potassium chloride.
- Many catalysts have been proposed in which various compounds are added as a third component.
- a raw material gas containing hydrogen chloride a gas by-produced in a pyrolysis reaction or combustion reaction of a chlorine compound, a phosgenation reaction or a chlorination reaction of an organic compound is often used.
- Such source gas contains impurities derived from the source process in addition to hydrogen chloride.
- organic compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbonyl sulfide, orthodichlorobenzene, monochlorobenzene, and impurities such as nitrogen Is contained in the raw material gas.
- impurities contained in the raw material gas have problems such as a decrease in the activity of the catalyst, clogging of the piping of the product gas processing process system after the reaction, accumulation in unreacted recycled oxygen, etc. .
- chlorine-containing gas obtained by oxidizing hydrogen chloride is contacted with water or hydrochloric acid to remove unreacted hydrogen chloride, and chlorine and oxygen are the main components.
- a gas is obtained, and the gas is dried and purified.
- unreacted hydrogen chloride is generally used again as a raw material for producing chlorine.
- unreacted hydrogen chloride is recovered as a solution (hydrogen chloride aqueous solution) containing hydrogen chloride and water as main components and is supplied for recycling.
- an aqueous hydrogen chloride solution forms an azeotrope, so that it is difficult to separate and recover the components, hydrogen chloride and water, only by simple distillation.
- a method for separating and recovering hydrogen chloride and water from such an aqueous hydrogen chloride solution a method is known in which a strong electrolyte such as sulfuric acid or calcium chloride is added to the aqueous hydrogen chloride solution as a third component and the azeotropic state is changed to perform distillation. It has been.
- a strong electrolyte is added to distill the solution in a state where the activity of water in the solution is lowered, and a gas mainly composed of hydrogen chloride is diffused and recovered.
- the strong electrolyte aqueous solution remaining in the first stage is distilled to distill water.
- the strong electrolyte aqueous solution concentrated in the second stage can be reused as an additive in the first stage.
- this method has a problem that a third component must be added and that an expensive device material is required.
- sulfuric acid is added as the third component
- the concentration of sulfuric acid added in the first stage is sufficient to change the azeotropic state, and the sulfuric acid concentrated in the second stage is returned to the first stage before returning to the first stage.
- the flow rate be at least 80% by weight.
- sulfuric acid of such concentration is added, the distillation in the first stage is in a state where hydrogen chloride, water and sulfuric acid coexist, and the boiling point of the solution also rises. Therefore, the resin-impregnated carbon often used for distillation of hydrogen chloride aqueous solution It is difficult to use an inexpensive material such as
- the dehydration in the second stage is generally performed under reduced pressure because the operating temperature is 200 ° C. or higher under atmospheric pressure.
- the operating pressure is too low, it is difficult to condense the evaporated water. Therefore, there is a limit to lowering the operating temperature by reducing the operating pressure in the dehydration process. For this reason, an apparatus for dehydration usually requires the use of an expensive corrosion-resistant material such as tantalum.
- an apparatus for dehydration usually requires the use of an expensive corrosion-resistant material such as tantalum.
- calcium chloride is added as the third component, scaling due to solid precipitation may occur during the second stage of dehydration.
- a step of absorbing impurities contained in the source gas and post-dispersing the solution obtained, and a step of absorbing a solution containing hydrogen chloride obtained after the oxidation reaction and then releasing the solution are performed.
- Methods for producing chlorine containing chlorine have been studied (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-034105 (Patent Document 2), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-139305 (Patent Document 3), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-219369 (Patent Document 4), etc. ).
- the production efficiency of chlorine is improved by carrying out the diffusion step derived from the source gas and the diffusion step after the oxidation reaction using separate diffusion towers.
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-2006-219369
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to remove impurities other than hydrogen chloride in a raw material gas in a method for producing chlorine by oxidizing hydrogen chloride. Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a novel chlorine production method with improved production efficiency, which can efficiently recover unreacted hydrogen chloride after the oxidation reaction.
- the chlorine production method of the present invention includes an oxidation step of obtaining a gas containing chlorine by oxidizing hydrogen chloride in a raw material gas containing hydrogen chloride and impurities with oxygen, and the gas containing chlorine obtained in the oxidation step is treated with water. Or a step of contacting with hydrochloric acid water to recover unreacted hydrogen chloride as a solution containing hydrogen chloride and water as main components and obtaining a gas containing chlorine and oxygen as main components.
- the gas obtained in at least one of the diffusion step and the second diffusion step is included, and the source gas is after the step of at least one of the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step, and the oxidation step It is characterized by passing through a step of removing moisture and a step of compressing before being subjected to.
- the first diffusion step the raw material gas is absorbed in water or hydrochloric acid, and the solution obtained in the raw material gas absorption step is separated into a solution mainly containing hydrogen chloride and water and a gas mainly containing impurities.
- the second diffusion step is a step of obtaining a gas mainly containing hydrogen chloride by dissipating the solution obtained in the absorption step.
- the chlorine production method of the present invention undergoes the water removal step and the compression step after the first diffusion step or the second diffusion step and before being subjected to the oxidation step, the first diffusion step and / or Alternatively, the diffusion in the second diffusion step can be performed at a low pressure, and the operating temperature can be lowered. Therefore, the degree of freedom of the material of the device that performs the diffusion increases, and an inexpensive device can be used.
- these gas pressures when subjected to the oxidation process can be set higher by a compressor using general equipment materials, the heat removal and temperature control performance of the reactor used in the oxidation process is improved. There is an advantage that
- the raw material gas absorption step and the first diffusion step when the raw material gas absorption step and the first diffusion step are included, impurities contained in the raw material gas can be efficiently removed, thereby maintaining the stable activity of the catalyst used in the oxidation step. As chlorine, it can be stably obtained in a high yield.
- the raw material gas absorption step and the first diffusion step when the raw material gas absorption step and the first diffusion step are included, complicated separation of the generated chlorine and unreacted oxygen and many kinds of impurities in the raw material gas can be simplified or omitted, so that the catalyst cost is reduced.
- chlorine can be produced very easily from the viewpoints of equipment cost and operation cost.
- the aqueous hydrogen chloride solution after the oxidation step which is difficult to separate and recover, can be efficiently added without adding a third component.
- the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step are included, at the start of a series of processes for producing chlorine, there is no liquid to be processed in the diffusion tower used in the second diffusion step, so that the first It is necessary to generate gas mainly composed of hydrogen chloride only in the diffusion tower used in the diffusion process. Since the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step are performed separately without using the same equipment, the process of the process is compared with the case where the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step are performed using the same equipment. Start up can be done easily. In addition, by performing the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step separately without using the same equipment, the first diffusion step and the second emission step are performed in accordance with the change in the raw material gas flow rate or the reaction conversion rate change in the oxidation step. The conditions of the stripping process can be controlled separately, and there is also an advantage that they are not easily affected by process variations.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram including a first diffusion step
- FIG. 2 is a second emission
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram in the case of including the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step.
- the present invention presupposes a method for producing chlorine by oxidizing hydrogen chloride in a source gas containing hydrogen chloride and impurities with oxygen.
- any gas containing hydrogen chloride generated in a pyrolysis reaction or combustion reaction of a chlorine compound, a phosgenation reaction or chlorination reaction of an organic compound, combustion in an incinerator, etc. should be used. Can do.
- a hydrogen chloride concentration in the raw material gas is preferably 10% by volume or more, more preferably 50% by volume or more, and still more preferably 80% by volume or more.
- concentration of hydrogen chloride in the source gas is less than 10% by volume, more hydrogen chloride is removed together with impurities in the source gas absorption step described later, and it is difficult to keep hydrogen chloride loss small. It tends to become.
- concentration of hydrogen chloride in the raw material gas is smaller than 10% by volume, the concentration of oxygen in the gas mainly composed of unreacted oxygen obtained in the purification step described later becomes low, and the circulation step described later There is also a risk that the amount of the gas supplied to the reaction process may have to be reduced.
- the upper limit of the concentration of hydrogen chloride in the raw material gas is not particularly limited, and usually contains several volume% of impurities as described later.
- Examples of impurities other than hydrogen chloride contained in the source gas include chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons such as orthodichlorobenzene and monochlorobenzene, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and benzene, and chlorination such as methyl chloride and ethyl chloride.
- Examples include hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons such as methane, acetylene, ethylene, and propylene, and inorganic gases such as nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, phosgene, hydrogen, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide.
- the method for producing chlorine according to the present invention comprises [1] an oxidation step, [2] an absorption step, [3] a first diffusion step, and [4] a second emission step, [5] removing moisture. And [6] a step of compressing at least.
- the oxidation step in the present invention is a step of obtaining a gas containing chlorine by oxidizing hydrogen chloride in a raw material gas with oxygen.
- the raw material gas used in the oxidation step includes a gas obtained in at least one of [3] first diffusion step and [4] second diffusion step described later.
- a gas containing oxygen is used for the oxidation of hydrogen chloride in the oxidation step, and oxygen or air is used as the gas containing oxygen.
- the concentration of oxygen in the gas containing oxygen is preferably 80% by volume or more, more preferably 90% by volume or more. In the above, when the concentration of oxygen is less than 80% by volume, the oxygen concentration in the gas mainly composed of unreacted oxygen obtained in the purification step described later is low, and the oxygen concentration is supplied to the oxidation step in the circulation step described later. There is a risk that the amount of gas must be reduced.
- a gas containing oxygen having an oxygen concentration of 80% by volume or more can be obtained by an ordinary industrial method such as an air pressure swing method or a cryogenic separation. Examples of components other than hydrogen chloride in the gas containing oxygen include nitrogen (N 2 ) and argon (Ar).
- the theoretical molar amount of oxygen with respect to 1 mol of hydrogen chloride is 0.25 mol, but the reaction proceeds more efficiently when oxygen is added in excess of the stoichiometric ratio with respect to hydrogen chloride. It is known to supply more than the theoretical amount, and more preferably 0.25 to 2 mol of oxygen per 1 mol of hydrogen chloride. If the amount of oxygen is too small, the conversion rate of hydrogen chloride may be low. On the other hand, if the amount of oxygen is excessive, it may be difficult to separate generated chlorine and unreacted oxygen.
- unreacted oxygen is generally recycled to the reaction after separation from chlorine.
- inert gases such as nitrogen, argon, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are also removed from hydrogen chloride used in the oxidation reaction, and carbon monoxide and other gases such as carbon dioxide due to combustion of organic compounds are removed. There is no generation. Therefore, when oxygen is used excessively with respect to hydrogen chloride in the oxidation reaction, the gas after separation of unreacted hydrogen chloride and generated water from the reaction gas as hydrochloric acid water contains other than oxygen and chlorine. There are almost no impurities, and unreacted oxygen can be separated and recycled very easily as compared with the prior art.
- a known catalyst known as a catalyst for producing chlorine by oxidizing hydrogen chloride can be used.
- a catalyst in which various compounds are added as a third component to copper chloride and potassium chloride a catalyst mainly composed of chromium oxide, a catalyst mainly composed of a ruthenium compound such as ruthenium metal or ruthenium oxide And so on.
- a catalyst in which a ruthenium compound such as ruthenium metal or ruthenium oxide is supported on a metal oxide support By using a catalyst in which a ruthenium compound such as ruthenium metal or ruthenium oxide is supported on a metal oxide support in a fixed bed reactor, the influence of catalyst poison can be reduced. In addition, by using ruthenium compounds such as metal ruthenium or ruthenium oxide, there is no clogging trouble of the piping due to volatilization or scattering of the catalyst component, and there is no need for a treatment process of the volatilized or scattered catalyst component, and it is balanced. Since chlorine can be produced at an advantageous temperature, the process of recovering unreacted hydrogen chloride and water, the process of separating chlorine and unreacted oxygen, and the process of supplying unreacted oxygen to the reaction process are simplified. In addition, the operating cost can be kept low.
- the content of a ruthenium compound such as ruthenium metal or ruthenium oxide in the catalyst is preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight. This is because when the content of the ruthenium compound such as ruthenium metal or ruthenium oxide in the catalyst is less than 0.1% by weight, the catalytic activity tends to be low and the conversion rate of hydrogen chloride tends to be low. This is because if the content of the ruthenium compound such as metal ruthenium or ruthenium oxide exceeds 20% by weight, the catalyst price tends to increase.
- the particle size of the ruthenium compound such as ruthenium metal or ruthenium oxide is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 nm to 10 nm.
- the particle diameter refers to a value measured by observation with an electron microscope, for example.
- the metal oxide carrier in the catalyst examples include carriers formed of metal oxides such as ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, rutile type titania, anatase type titania, silica, zirconia and the like. Among them, it is preferable to use a metal oxide support formed of ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, rutile-type titania, and anatase-type titania because of its high reaction activity and resistance to decrease.
- the ruthenium oxide content described in JP-A-10-338502 is 1 to 20% by weight, and the center diameter of ruthenium oxide is 1 Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, a supported ruthenium oxide catalyst or a ruthenium oxide composite oxide type catalyst having a thickness of 0.0 nm to 10.0 nm.
- the shape of the catalyst may be a spherical shape, a cylindrical pellet shape, an extruded shape, a ring shape, a honeycomb shape, or a granular shape having a size that is pulverized and classified after molding.
- the catalyst diameter is preferably 5 mm or less. This is because if the catalyst diameter exceeds 5 mm, the activity may decrease.
- the lower limit of the catalyst diameter is not particularly limited, but if it is excessively small, the pressure loss in the catalyst packed bed increases, so that a catalyst having a diameter of 0.5 mm or more is usually used.
- the catalyst diameter here means the diameter of a sphere in a spherical shape, the diameter of a cross section in a cylindrical pellet shape, and the maximum diameter of a cross section in other shapes.
- a fixed bed gas phase circulation method using a fixed bed reactor is applied.
- a reactor in which temperature control of at least two reaction zones among the reaction zones is performed by a heat exchange method by a method described in, for example, JP-A-2000-272907 may be used.
- two first-stage reaction zones are prepared. Before the second and subsequent stages are poisoned, the first stage is switched alternately. If used, problems can be substantially avoided.
- preparing two expensive reactors is also disadvantageous from the viewpoint of cost.
- Examples of the fixed bed reactor include a single fixed bed or a plurality of fixed bed reaction tubes connected in series and having a jacket portion outside the reaction tube.
- the temperature in the reaction tube is controlled by the heat medium in the jacket portion.
- the reaction heat generated by the reaction can be recovered by generating steam through a heat medium.
- Examples of the heat medium include a molten salt, an organic heat medium, and a molten metal, but a molten salt is preferable from the viewpoints of thermal stability and ease of handling.
- Examples of the composition of the molten salt include a mixture of 50% by weight of potassium nitrate and 50% by weight of sodium nitrite, and a mixture of 53% by weight of potassium nitrate, 40% by weight of sodium nitrite and 7% by weight of sodium nitrate.
- Examples of the material used for the reaction tube include metal, glass, and ceramic.
- Examples of the metal material include Ni, SUS316L, SUS310, SUS304, Hastelloy B, Hastelloy C, and Inconel. Among them, Ni is preferable, and Ni having a carbon content of 0.02% by weight or less is particularly preferable.
- the reaction temperature of the oxidation reaction in the oxidation step is not particularly limited as long as it is within the temperature range usually selected in the oxidation reaction of hydrogen chloride, but is preferably in the range of 100 ° C to 500 ° C. More preferably, the temperature is in the range of from 0 to 400 ° C. If the reaction temperature is less than 100 ° C., the required reaction rate may not be obtained, and the reaction rate may be very low. If the reaction temperature exceeds 500 ° C., catalyst sintering and This is because the activity tends to decrease due to volatilization.
- the reaction pressure of the oxidation reaction is preferably in the range of 0.1 MPa to 5 MPa so that the reaction rate is moderate and the equipment cost is not excessive.
- the absorption step in the present invention is a step of recovering unreacted hydrogen chloride and obtaining a gas mainly composed of chlorine and oxygen from the gas containing chlorine obtained in the oxidation step.
- the gas containing chlorine obtained in the oxidation step contains water, unreacted hydrogen chloride, unreacted oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon and the like in addition to chlorine.
- the chlorine-containing gas is brought into contact with water or hydrochloric acid water, and further cooled, in some cases, so that unreacted hydrogen chloride is absorbed in water or hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen chloride and water are the main components. And gas containing chlorine and oxygen as main components is separated.
- the aspect which uses for the 2nd diffusion process mentioned later the solution which has the hydrogen chloride and water which were obtained at the absorption process as a main component is also included.
- the temperature at which the chlorine-containing gas is brought into contact with water or hydrochloric acid is not particularly limited, but does not impair the absorption of hydrogen chloride into water, and the gas component into the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. From the viewpoint of avoiding the dissolution of as much as possible, the temperature is preferably 0 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the pressure at the time of the contact is 0.05 MPa to 1.0 MPa from the viewpoint of preventing the absorption of hydrogen chloride in water and avoiding the dissolution of the gas component in the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution as much as possible.
- the raw material gas may contain a gas obtained in the first diffusion step.
- the raw material gas is absorbed in water or hydrochloric acid, and the solution obtained in the raw material gas absorption step is separated into a solution mainly containing hydrogen chloride and water and a gas mainly containing impurities. It is a step of obtaining a gas mainly composed of hydrogen chloride by being diffused.
- the source gas absorption step is a step in which hydrogen chloride in the source gas is absorbed by water or hydrochloric acid and separated into a solution mainly containing hydrogen chloride and water and a gas mainly containing impurities.
- impurities inorganic gases such as carbonyl sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phosgene, hydrogen, nitrogen and argon which are hardly soluble in hydrochloric acid water are effectively removed.
- the water or hydrochloric acid for absorbing hydrogen chloride may be used as a mixture thereof.
- water or hydrochloric acid used for absorbing hydrogen chloride may be referred to as an absorber.
- hydrochloric acid When hydrochloric acid is used in the raw material gas absorption process, unsaturated hydrochloric acid is used, and the concentration is not particularly limited as long as it is less than the saturated concentration under the temperature and pressure at which absorption is performed. It is preferably 25% by weight or less, and preferably 20% by weight or less. This is because, when hydrochloric acid exceeding 25% by weight is used, the absorption rate is low, and it tends to be difficult to completely absorb hydrogen chloride contained in the raw material gas.
- the absorption temperature in the raw material gas absorption step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 ° C. to 120 ° C., and preferably 35 ° C. to 100 ° C. If the absorption temperature is less than 0 ° C., there is a risk of freezing, and the amount of heat removal is large, which is uneconomical. If the absorption temperature exceeds 120 ° C., hydrogen chloride is added to water. This is because the solubility is low and there is a tendency that sufficient absorption cannot be performed.
- the absorption pressure in the raw material gas absorption step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 MPa to 1 MPa, more preferably 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa. This is because when the absorption pressure is less than 0.05 MPa, the solubility of hydrogen chloride in water tends to be low and sufficient absorption cannot be performed, and when the absorption pressure exceeds 1 MPa, the raw material gas is absorbed. This is because a great deal of cost is required to increase the pressure resistance of the absorber used in the process.
- the absorption pressure in this invention means the internal pressure of the absorber used for a source gas absorption process.
- Absorption of hydrogen chloride in the raw material gas absorption process can be performed at low temperatures and low pressures, so inexpensive acid-resistant materials can be used. Especially, since it has a boiling point close to hydrogen chloride, liquefaction, re-evaporation and adsorption of hydrogen chloride, etc. This method has a feature that a compound such as carbonyl sulfide which is difficult to remove completely can be selectively removed.
- the first diffusion step is a step of obtaining a gas containing hydrogen chloride as a main component by diffusing the solution obtained in the raw material gas absorption step.
- a solution of hydrogen chloride-containing water or hydrochloric acid is stripped, and a gas containing hydrogen chloride as a main component is taken out from the top of the tower as a stripped gas, and a bottom liquid is taken out from the tower bottom.
- the solution after separating the hydrogen chloride is taken out.
- the diffusion pressure in the first diffusion step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.03 to 1 MPa, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.35 MPa. If the release pressure is less than 0.03 MPa, there may be a problem that the hydrogen chloride gas after the release cannot be supplied to the subsequent reaction step, and if the release pressure exceeds 1 MPa, This is because a great deal of cost is required to increase the pressure resistance of the diffusion tower used in the first diffusion step.
- Examples of the lining material of the inner wall of the diffusion tower that can withstand such a diffusion pressure include a lining made of tantalum. In the present invention, since the compression step described later is provided, the diffusion pressure in the first diffusion step can be set to 0.35 MPa or less.
- the diffusion temperature in the first diffusion step (the temperature at the bottom of the diffusion tower) can be set lower than before, for example, 100 ° C. to 140 ° C. Therefore, an inexpensive resin can be used as the inner wall material of the diffusion tower. It is preferable because a lining made of a material can be applied.
- the resin material a material having corrosion resistance to a solution containing hydrogen chloride and water under operating conditions, for example, resin-impregnated carbon, fluorinated ethylene resin, etc. can be used, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene is used.
- the diffusion temperature can be set to 140 ° C.
- a gas containing hydrogen chloride as a main component in which the concentration of hydrogen chloride excluding moisture is preferably 95% by volume or more, more preferably 98% by volume or more, and particularly preferably 99% by volume or more. I can do it.
- the gas mainly composed of hydrogen chloride thus obtained may be included in the raw material gas in the oxidation step.
- the hydrochloric acid concentration in the bottoms may exceed the hydrochloric acid concentration of the highest azeotrope of hydrogen chloride and water at the operating pressure and not more than the hydrochloric acid concentration of the solution obtained in the raw material gas absorption step.
- the concentration of hydrochloric acid is close to the maximum azeotropic mixture.
- the structure of the diffusion tower used in the first diffusion step may be a structure including only a heater that can give heat necessary for diffusion, but a large amount of hydrogen chloride in the solution obtained in the raw material gas absorption step is recovered.
- the emitted gas obtained requires less energy when the moisture concentration contained in the gas is small, and when it is dried with concentrated sulfuric acid before being subjected to the oxidation step, the amount of concentrated sulfuric acid used is small.
- a tower having at least 1 theoretical plate, preferably 3 to 9 theoretical plates, is provided on the heater (reboiler) so as to increase the difference between the hydrogen chloride concentration in the emitted gas and the hydrochloric acid concentration in the bottoms. Is more preferable. Steam is preferably used as a heat source for the stripping tower.
- the structure of the radiation tower used in the first radiation process a packed tower and a plate tower can be exemplified.
- an auxiliary device such as a reboiler may be provided.
- the device material of the auxiliary device is a material having corrosion resistance to a solution containing hydrogen chloride and water under operating conditions (for example, resin-impregnated carbon, Fluoroethylene resin, metal lining or coated with fluorinated ethylene resin, tantalum or tantalum alloy, metal lining or coated with tantalum or tantalum alloy, etc.) can be suitably used.
- the diffusion temperature and pressure can be lowered, so that a lining composed of a resin material can be applied as the inner wall material of the diffusion tower and the incidental equipment.
- a resin material a material having corrosion resistance to a solution containing hydrogen chloride and water under operating conditions, for example, a resin impregnated carbon, a fluorinated ethylene resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like can be used.
- the heat of dissolution during absorption of hydrogen chloride in the raw material gas absorption step described above can be effectively used as a preheating source for the solution before being subjected to the first diffusion step. Heat recovery can also be performed from the bottoms after the diffusion.
- the raw material gas may contain a gas obtained in the second diffusion step.
- the gas obtained in the second diffusion step and the gas obtained in the first diffusion step may be mixed and included in the source gas.
- the second diffusion step in the present invention is a step of obtaining a gas containing hydrogen chloride as a main component by dispersing the solution containing hydrogen chloride and water obtained in the absorption step.
- the first diffusion step is included, the solution containing hydrogen chloride and water obtained in the absorption step is diffused separately from the first step.
- the solution containing hydrogen chloride and water diffused in the second stripping process usually contains more hydrogen chloride than the azeotropic composition of hydrogen chloride and water under pressure during the second stripping process.
- the composition of such a solution containing hydrogen chloride and water is usually 25 to 40% by weight of hydrogen chloride and 60 to 75% by weight of water.
- the pressure during the second stripping step (pressure at the top of the stripping tower) is higher than the pressure during the water stripping step when performing the water stripping step described later following the second stripping step.
- it is selected from 0.03 MPa to 1.0 MPa, but in the present invention, since the compression step is provided after the water removal step, the upper limit of the diffusion pressure in the second diffusion step is set to the first diffusion step. It can be 0.35 MPa or less similarly to the diffusion pressure in.
- the temperature in the second stripping step (the temperature at the bottom of the stripping tower) is determined by the pressure and the composition of the solution containing hydrogen chloride and water to be stripped in the second stripping step.
- the upper limit can be set to 140 ° C. because it is a water removal step and a compression step. Steam is preferably used as a heating source in the stripping tower.
- the radiation in the second radiation step is performed separately from the first radiation step described above, in other words, using a separate facility (a separate radiation tower).
- a packed tower and a plate tower can be exemplified.
- an auxiliary device such as a reboiler may be provided, and in this case, the material of the stripping tower and the auxiliary device is a material (for example, resin) that has corrosion resistance to a solution containing hydrogen chloride and water under operating conditions. Impregnated carbon, fluorinated ethylene resin, metal lining or coated with fluorinated ethylene resin, tantalum or tantalum alloy, metal lining or coated with tantalum or tantalum alloy, or the like can be suitably used.
- the diffusion temperature and pressure can be lowered, and therefore, as in the first diffusion step, a lining composed of a resin material is applied as the inner wall material of the diffusion tower and the auxiliary equipment.
- a resin material a material having corrosion resistance to a solution containing hydrogen chloride and water under operating conditions, for example, a resin impregnated carbon, a fluorinated ethylene resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like can be used.
- a gas mainly composed of high-concentration hydrogen chloride is obtained from the top of the stripping tower.
- the gas containing hydrogen chloride as a main component thus obtained is subjected to the water removal step and the compression step or the water removal step and the compression step after the water removal step and the compression step, as described above. It is mixed with the gas obtained in the first diffusion process that has undergone the above and is subjected to the oxidation process. Or after mixing with the gas which has the hydrogen chloride obtained by the said 1st diffusion process as a main component, it is provided to an oxidation process through a moisture removal process and a compression process.
- the gas mainly composed of hydrogen chloride obtained in the second stripping step contains a little water, but this is cooled, and a condensation operation is performed to return the condensed hydrogen chloride aqueous solution to the stripping tower. Thus, moisture contained in the gas can be reduced.
- a part or all of the hydrochloric acid water recovered from the bottom of the stripping tower can be recycled as an absorption liquid in the raw material gas absorption step or the absorption step.
- the source gas is water after at least one of the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step and before being subjected to the oxidation step.
- a step of removing water moisture removal step. That is, when the chlorine production method of the present invention includes the first emission step, after the emission step, when the second emission step is included, after the second emission step, the first emission step and the second emission step. In the case of including a diffusion step, a water removal step is provided after these diffusion steps.
- the raw material gas used in the oxidation step is preferably supplied at a high pressure, but in order to supply the raw material gas at such a high pressure, it is necessary to increase the diffusion pressure in the diffusion step. .
- an expensive material such as tantalum must be applied as the device material.
- the present invention is configured such that the diffusion pressure in the diffusion process is as low as possible, and the pressure of the gas supplied to the oxidation process is increased by including a compression process, which will be described later, so that the apparatus material in the diffusion process is as described above. It becomes possible to widen the selection range.
- the present invention includes a water removal step after at least one of the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step.
- the water removal step is a step of removing water contained in the gas obtained in the first diffusion step or the second diffusion step.
- the gas obtained in the first diffusion step or the second diffusion step is cooled to, for example, ⁇ 70 ° C. to 40 ° C., and water and a part of hydrogen chloride in the gas are condensed.
- the deep-cooled condensation method for reducing the concentration of water in the gas, the gas obtained in the first emission process or the second emission process, or the uncondensed gas after cooling the gas is further mixed with sulfuric acid (or concentrated sulfuric acid), chloride Dry gas can be obtained by a method in which moisture is removed by contact with a compound such as calcium, magnesium perchlorate, or zeolite. Such a water removal step may be performed under a pressure of 0.03 MPa to 1 MPa.
- the moisture in the dry gas is preferably 0.5 mg / L or less, and more preferably 0.1 mg / L or less.
- sulfuric acid (or concentrated sulfuric acid) is preferable because it is easy to discharge after use among the compounds that remove moisture in the gas.
- concentration of sulfuric acid used is preferably 90% by weight or more. If the sulfuric acid concentration is less than 90% by weight, moisture in the gas may not be sufficiently removed.
- the contact temperature is 0 ° C. to 80 ° C., and the pressure is 0.05 MPa to 1 MPa. When sulfuric acid is used as the desiccant, it is preferable to remove sulfuric acid mist described later immediately after the drying step.
- the sulfuric acid mist may be removed by providing a step of bringing the dry gas into contact with an organic solvent.
- organic solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and benzene, and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons such as monochlorobenzene and orthodichlorobenzene.
- the dry gas can be brought into contact with the organic solvent by, for example, a method using a known packed tower, plate tower, bubble tower or the like.
- sulfuric acid mist can be collected and removed by a known mist removing material such as a filter or a cyclone.
- the gas obtained in the first diffusion step or the second diffusion step is compressed after the above [5] water removal step and before the oxidation step.
- the compression step is a step of making the gas obtained in the first diffusion step or the second diffusion step higher than the diffusion pressure.
- the gas obtained in the stripping process is hydrogen chloride gas containing moisture, so that hydrochloric acid water is formed below the dew point. Therefore, in order to compress hydrogen chloride gas containing such moisture, an expensive material such as tantalum is required as a compressor. However, it is not realistic to manufacture a compressor that requires mechanical strength and has a complicated apparatus structure with an expensive material.
- carbon steel, stainless steel is used as a compressor used in the compression step by using the gas obtained in the first diffusion step or the second diffusion step from which water has been removed in the moisture removal step in the compression step.
- General metal materials such as can be applied.
- the gas pressure for use in the oxidation step can be set to a high pressure, and as a result, the efficiency of the entire manufacturing method can be improved.
- the pressure of the dry gas that has passed through the moisture removal step is increased so that the pressure at room temperature (25 ° C.) is higher than the diffusion pressure, for example, 0.35 MPa to 5 MPa.
- boosting can be performed using a known compressor (compressor), for example, a turbo compressor such as a centrifugal compressor, a volumetric compressor such as a reciprocating compressor, a rotary compressor, etc. Can do.
- the step [5] removing moisture and the step [6] compressing include the first diffusion step as shown in FIG. In position, it can be performed on the gas obtained in the first diffusion step.
- the moisture removing step and the compressing step can be respectively performed at the position shown by C in FIG. And may be subjected to an oxidation step.
- the water removal step and the compression step may be performed on each of the gases obtained in the second diffusion step, and then mixed to be used for the oxidation step.
- the first at the position indicated by B in FIG. The gas obtained in the diffusion process and the second diffusion process may be mixed, the moisture removal process and the compression process may be performed on these mixed gases, and then subjected to the oxidation process.
- the method for producing chlorine according to the present invention comprises [1] an oxidation step, [2] an absorption step, [3] a first diffusion step, and [4] a second emission step, [5] removing moisture.
- an oxidation step [2] an absorption step, [3] a first diffusion step, and [4] a second emission step, [5] removing moisture.
- impurities other than hydrogen chloride in the raw material gas can be removed, and unreacted hydrogen chloride after the oxidation reaction can be efficiently recovered.
- the raw material gas absorption step and the first diffusion step when the raw material gas absorption step and the first diffusion step are included, impurities contained in the raw material gas can be efficiently removed, thereby maintaining the stable activity of the catalyst used in the oxidation step. As chlorine, it can be stably obtained in a high yield.
- the raw material gas absorption step and the first diffusion step when the raw material gas absorption step and the first diffusion step are included, complicated separation of the generated chlorine and unreacted oxygen and many kinds of impurities in the raw material gas can be simplified or omitted, so that the catalyst cost is reduced.
- chlorine can be produced very easily from the viewpoints of equipment cost and operation cost.
- the aqueous hydrogen chloride solution after the oxidation step which is difficult to separate and recover, can be efficiently added without adding a third component.
- the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step are included, at the start of a series of processes for producing chlorine, there is no liquid to be processed in the diffusion tower used in the second diffusion step, so that the first It is necessary to generate gas mainly composed of hydrogen chloride only in the diffusion tower used in the diffusion process. Since the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step are performed separately without using the same equipment, the process of the process is compared with the case where the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step are performed using the same equipment. Start up can be done easily. In addition, by performing the first diffusion step and the second diffusion step separately without using the same equipment, the first diffusion step and the second emission step are performed in accordance with the change in the raw material gas flow rate or the reaction conversion rate change in the oxidation step. The conditions of the stripping process can be controlled separately, and there is also an advantage that they are not easily affected by process variations.
- the manufacturing method of the chlorine of this invention is after a 1st stripping process or a 2nd stripping process, and passes through a water removal process and a compression process before being provided to an oxidation process, the 1st stripping process and In addition, it is possible to perform the diffusion in the second diffusion step at a low pressure, and the operating temperature can be lowered. Therefore, the degree of freedom of the material of the device that performs the diffusion increases, and an inexpensive device can be used. In addition, since these gas pressures when subjected to the oxidation process can be set higher by a compressor using general equipment materials, the heat removal and temperature control performance of the reactor used in the oxidation process is improved. There is an advantage that
- the hydrogen chloride aqueous solution after separation of the gas containing hydrogen chloride as the main component is subjected to the [7] dehydration step, and into hydrochloric acid and waste water.
- the hydrochloric acid separated and recovered is preferably recycled to the absorption step.
- hydrogen chloride obtained in the second stripping process is used under a pressure lower than that of the second stripping process using a separate stripping tower from the stripping tower used in the first stripping process and the second stripping process. Disperse the aqueous solution.
- the aqueous hydrogen chloride solution contains more water than the azeotropic composition of hydrogen chloride and water at the pressure in the dehydration process.
- the hydrogen chloride aqueous solution is diffused, water is collected from the top of the stripping tower, and hydrochloric acid separated from the water is collected from the bottom of the stripping tower.
- the pressure during the dehydration step may be set lower than the pressure during the second diffusion step described above, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.005 MPa to 0.05 MPa.
- the temperature during the dehydration step is appropriately determined depending on the pressure and the composition of the aqueous hydrogen chloride solution to be used for diffusion, but is usually 50 to 90 ° C. Since this temperature is lower than the temperature of the dehydration step when a strong electrolyte such as sulfuric acid is added as the third component, the heating source to be used can be selected from a wider range, and the equipment material of the equipment is also selected. However, relatively inexpensive materials such as glass lining and glass fiber-containing resins can be used. Further, steam is preferably used as the heating source.
- the stripping tower used in the dehydration process there are no particular restrictions on the form of the stripping tower used in the dehydration process, and examples include packed towers and tray towers, but a concentrating section above the raw material supply stage so that water can be efficiently concentrated on the top side of the tower. It is desirable to provide a system that condenses all the gas from the top of the column and returns a portion of the condensate to the top.
- composition of the aqueous hydrogen chloride solution subjected to the dehydration step is usually 15% to 21% by weight of hydrogen chloride and 79% to 85% by weight of water.
- concentration of water is higher than the azeotropic composition of hydrogen chloride and water, the relative volatility of water with respect to hydrogen chloride is large, so that high concentration water can be easily separated and recovered from the top of the column.
- the chlorine production method of the present invention includes [8] drying step, [9] purification step, [10] circulation step, [11] It is a matter of course that a known appropriate process usually included in the chlorine production method such as a detoxification process may optionally be included. Hereinafter, each of these steps will be described.
- the drying step is a step of obtaining a dried gas by removing moisture in the gas mainly composed of chlorine and unreacted oxygen obtained in the absorption step.
- the moisture in the gas after the drying step is 0.5 mg / L or less, preferably 0.1 mg / L or less.
- the compound that removes moisture in the gas include sulfuric acid, calcium chloride, magnesium perchlorate, zeolite, and the like. Among them, sulfuric acid is preferable because it can be easily discharged after use.
- Examples of the method for removing moisture in the gas include a method in which the gas obtained mainly from chlorine and unreacted oxygen obtained in the absorption step is brought into contact with sulfuric acid.
- the concentration of sulfuric acid used in the drying step is preferably 90% by weight or more. If the sulfuric acid concentration is less than 90% by weight, moisture in the gas may not be sufficiently removed.
- the contact temperature is 0 ° C. to 80 ° C., and the pressure is 0.05 MPa to 1 MPa.
- sulfuric acid it is preferable to remove the sulfuric acid mist immediately after the drying step.
- a blink eliminator or a method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-181235 can be applied.
- Purification step chlorine is obtained by separating the dried gas obtained in the above-described drying step into a liquid or gas mainly containing chlorine and a gas mainly containing unreacted oxygen. It is a process.
- a method of separating the liquid or gas mainly containing chlorine and the gas mainly containing unreacted oxygen a method of compressing and / or cooling and / or a known method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-262514, JP-A-11-500954).
- a liquid containing chlorine as a main component is separated from a gas containing unreacted oxygen as a main component.
- the liquefaction of chlorine is carried out to the extent that chlorine specified by pressure and temperature can exist in a liquid state.
- the compression pressure and cooling temperature take into account the optimal economic conditions within this range. Can be decided.
- the compression pressure for chlorination is 0.5 MPa to 5 MPa
- the cooling temperature is ⁇ 70 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- the obtained liquid containing chlorine as a main component can be used as a raw material for vinyl chloride, phosgene or the like as it is or after partially or completely vaporizing.
- heat exchange of the gas obtained in the drying step is performed to obtain a part of the heat necessary for vaporization and at the same time, the chlorine in the gas obtained in the drying step. It is possible to reduce the cooling load due to the external refrigerant necessary for liquefaction. Similarly, it can be used for pre-cooling liquid chlorofluorocarbons or for cooling a reflux liquid such as a chlorine distillation column.
- Circulation step is a step of supplying a part or all of the gas mainly composed of unreacted oxygen obtained in the purification step described above to the oxidation step.
- a gas containing unreacted oxygen as a main component is circulated in the reaction step, sulfuric acid mist is removed by washing the gas with water.
- the sulfur component concentration at the inlet of the reactor is preferably 1000 volppb or less.
- the detoxification process includes a gas mainly composed of unreacted oxygen obtained in the purification process described above, or a gas not supplied to the oxidation process in the circulation process described above. This is a process of removing the chlorine, and then discharging it out of the system.
- the gas may be an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, an aqueous solution of an alkali metal thiosulfate, an aqueous solution in which an alkali metal sulfite and an alkali metal carbonate are dissolved, or an alkali metal sulfite.
- the method for producing chlorine of the present invention preferably has all the steps described above, so that it does not cause trouble of blockage of piping due to volatilization or scattering of catalyst components, does not require a treatment step, and has a high activity.
- the step of recovering unreacted hydrogen chloride and water, the step of separating chlorine and unreacted oxygen, and supplying unreacted oxygen to the oxidation reaction The process can be simplified, and thus a chlorine production method that is particularly excellent in terms of equipment cost and operation cost can be realized.
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Abstract
Description
図1、図2および図3は、本発明の塩素の製造方法の好ましい一例を模式的に示すフロー図であり、図1は第1放散工程を含む場合のフロー図、図2は第2放散工程を含む場合のフロー図、図3は第1放散工程および第2放散工程を含む場合のフロー図である。本発明は、塩化水素および不純物を含む原料ガス中の塩化水素を酸素で酸化して塩素を製造する方法を前提とする。
本発明における酸化工程は、原料ガス中の塩化水素を酸素で酸化することにより塩素を含むガスを得る工程である。ここで、酸化工程に供される原料ガスは、後述する〔3〕第1放散工程および〔4〕第2放散工程の少なくともいずれかの工程で得られるガスを含む。
本発明における吸収工程は、上記酸化工程で得られた塩素を含むガスから、未反応塩化水素を回収するとともに、塩素および酸素を主成分とするガスを得る工程である。酸化工程で得られた塩素を含むガスは、塩素以外に、水、未反応塩化水素、未反応酸素、二酸化炭素、窒素およびアルゴン等を含む。吸収工程では、この塩素を含むガスを、水または塩酸水と接触させ、場合によってはさらに冷却することにより、未反応塩化水素を水または塩酸に吸収させて塩化水素および水を主成分とする溶液とし、塩素および酸素を主成分とするガスを分離する。本発明では、吸収工程で得られた塩化水素および水を主成分とする溶液を、後述する第2放散工程に供する態様も含む。
本発明においては、図1に示すように上記原料ガスに第1放散工程で得られるガスを含む場合がある。なお、本発明においては、第1放散工程で得られるガスと、後述する第2放散工程で得られるガスを混合して上記原料ガスに含める態様としてもよい(図3)。第1放散工程は、原料ガスを水または塩酸に吸収させて、塩化水素および水を主成分とする溶液と、不純物を主成分とするガスとに分離する原料ガス吸収工程で得られた溶液を放散させて塩化水素を主成分とするガスを得る工程である。上記原料ガス吸収工程は、原料ガス中の塩化水素を水または塩酸に吸収させて、塩化水素および水を主成分とする溶液と、不純物を主成分とするガスとに分離する工程である。この原料ガス吸収工程により、不純物の中でも、塩酸水に対して難溶である硫化カルボニル、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、ホスゲン、水素、窒素およびアルゴンなどの無機ガスが効果的に除去される。なお、上記塩化水素を吸収させるための水また塩酸は、これらを混合して用いてもよい。以下において、これら塩化水素を吸収するために用いる水または塩酸を吸収体という場合がある。
本発明においては、図2に示すように上記原料ガスに第2放散工程で得られるガスを含む場合がある。なお、本発明においては、図3に示すように、第2放散工程で得られるガスと、上記第1放散工程で得られるガスを混合して上記原料ガスに含める態様としてもよい。
本発明においては、原料ガスは、第1放散工程および上記第2放散工程の少なくともいずれかの工程の後であって、上記酸化工程に供される前に、水分を除去する工程(水分除去工程)を経る。すなわち、本発明の塩素の製造方法に第1放散工程を含む場合は、該放散工程の後、第2放散工程を含む場合は、第2放散工程の後、また、第1放散工程と第2放散工程とを含む場合は、これらの放散工程の後に水分除去工程を備える。
本発明において、上記〔5〕水分を除去する工程の後であって、酸化工程の前に、上記第1放散工程または上記第2放散工程で得られたガスは圧縮する工程(圧縮工程)を経る。圧縮工程は、上記第1放散工程または上記第2放散工程で得られたガスを放散圧力よりも高圧にする工程である。
本発明の塩素の製造方法では、第2放散工程で、塩化水素を主成分とするガスを分離後の塩化水素水溶液を、〔7〕脱水工程に供し、塩酸と廃水とに分離し、回収された塩酸を上記吸収工程にリサイクルすることが好ましい。
乾燥工程は、上記吸収工程で得られた塩素および未反応酸素を主成分とするガス中の水分を除去することにより、乾燥したガスを得る工程である。乾燥工程後のガス中の水分は0.5mg/L以下、好ましくは0.1mg/L以下である。ガス中の水分を除去する化合物としては、硫酸、塩化カルシウム、過塩素酸マグネシウム、ゼオライトなどが挙げられるが、中でも使用後の排出が容易であることから、硫酸が好ましい。ガス中の水分を除去する方法としては、上記吸収工程で得られた塩素と未反応酸素を主成分とするガスを硫酸と接触させる方法が挙げられる。
精製工程は、上述した乾燥工程で得られた乾燥したガスを、塩素を主成分とする液体またはガスと未反応酸素を主成分とするガスとに分離することにより塩素を得る工程である。塩素を主成分とする液体またはガスと未反応酸素を主成分とするガスとに分離する方法としては、圧縮および/または冷却する方法、および/または公知の方法(特開平3-262514号公報、特表平11-500954号公報)が挙げられる。たとえば、乾燥工程で得たガスを圧縮および/または冷却することによって、塩素を主成分とする液体が未反応酸素を主成分とするガスと分離される。塩素の液化は、圧力と温度で規定される塩素が液体状態で存在し得る範囲で実施される。その範囲で低温にすればするほど、圧縮圧力が低くなるために圧縮動力は小さくできるが、工業的には設備などの問題から、圧縮圧力と冷却温度はこの範囲内の最適な経済条件を考慮して決められる。通常の運転においては、塩素液化の圧縮圧力は0.5MPa~5MPa、冷却温度は-70℃~40℃で行われる。
循環工程は、上述した精製工程で得られた未反応酸素を主成分とするガスの一部または全部を酸化工程へ供給する工程である。本発明の製造方法においては、未反応酸素を主成分とするガスを反応工程に循環させるに際し、このガスを水で洗浄するなどして硫酸ミストを除去する。このような操作により、反応器の入口部における硫黄成分濃度は、1000volppb以下とされることが好ましい。
除害工程とは、上述した精製工程で得られた未反応酸素を主成分とするガス、または上述した循環工程で酸化工程へ供給されなかったガスを該ガス中に含まれる塩素を除去した後、系外に排出する工程である。塩素を除害する方法としては、ガスをアルカリ金属水酸化物の水溶液、またはアルカリ金属チオ硫酸塩の水溶液、またはアルカリ金属亜硫酸塩とアルカリ金属炭酸塩を溶解させた水溶液、またはアルカリ金属亜硫酸塩とアルカリ金属炭酸塩を溶解させた水溶液、またはアルカリ金属水酸化物とアルカリ金属亜硫酸塩を溶解させた水溶液と接触させて除害する方法、ガス中の塩素を分離回収する公知の方法(特開平3-262514号公報、特開平10-25102号公報、特表平11-500954号公報)が挙げられる。
Claims (5)
- 塩化水素および不純物を含む原料ガス中の塩化水素を酸素で酸化することにより塩素を含むガスを得る酸化工程と、
前記酸化工程で得られた塩素を含むガスを水または塩酸水と接触させ塩化水素および水を主成分とする溶液として未反応塩化水素を回収するとともに、塩素および酸素を主成分とするガスを得る吸収工程とを含む塩素の製造方法であって、
前記原料ガスは、第1放散工程および第2放散工程の少なくともいずれかの工程で得られるガスを含み、
前記第1放散工程は、原料ガスを水または塩酸に吸収させて、塩化水素および水を主成分とする溶液と、不純物を主成分とするガスとに分離する原料ガス吸収工程で得られた溶液を放散させて塩化水素を主成分とするガスを得る工程であり、
前記第2放散工程は、前記吸収工程で得られた溶液を放散させて塩化水素を主成分とするガスを得る工程であり、
前記原料ガスは、前記第1放散工程および前記第2放散工程の少なくともいずれかの工程の後であって、前記酸化工程に供される前に、水分を除去する工程と、圧縮する工程とを経ることを特徴とする、塩素の製造方法。 - 前記水分を除去する工程は、濃硫酸に接触させることにより水分を除去して乾燥ガスを得る工程である、請求の範囲1に記載の塩素の製造方法。
- 前記水分を除去する工程は、前記乾燥ガスを有機溶媒に接触させる工程をさらに含む請求の範囲2に記載の塩素の製造方法。
- 前記第1放散工程と前記第2放散工程とはそれぞれ放散塔で行なわれ、
前記放散塔の内壁は樹脂材料で構成され、内圧が0.35MPa以下である請求の範囲1に記載の塩素の製造方法。 - 前記酸化工程における酸化には、金属ルテニウムまたはルテニウム化合物を含む触媒を用いる請求の範囲1に記載の塩素の製造方法。
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CN2009801493874A CN102245501A (zh) | 2008-12-09 | 2009-12-03 | 氯的制造方法 |
BRPI0922324A BRPI0922324A2 (pt) | 2008-12-09 | 2009-12-03 | processo para a produção de cloro |
US13/133,561 US20110243833A1 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2009-12-03 | Method for producing chlorine |
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US20110315230A1 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2011-12-29 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for acid gas compression |
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