WO2010047230A1 - 発酵ホエイ調製物およびその製造法 - Google Patents
発酵ホエイ調製物およびその製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010047230A1 WO2010047230A1 PCT/JP2009/067559 JP2009067559W WO2010047230A1 WO 2010047230 A1 WO2010047230 A1 WO 2010047230A1 JP 2009067559 W JP2009067559 W JP 2009067559W WO 2010047230 A1 WO2010047230 A1 WO 2010047230A1
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- lactic acid
- fermentation
- fermented
- whey
- acid fermentation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C21/00—Whey; Whey preparations
- A23C21/02—Whey; Whey preparations containing, or treated with, microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C21/026—Whey; Whey preparations containing, or treated with, microorganisms or enzymes containing, or treated only with, lactic acid producing bacteria, bifidobacteria or propionic acid bacteria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C21/00—Whey; Whey preparations
- A23C21/02—Whey; Whey preparations containing, or treated with, microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C21/023—Lactose hydrolysing enzymes, e.g. lactase, B-galactosidase
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C21/00—Whey; Whey preparations
- A23C21/08—Whey; Whey preparations containing other organic additives, e.g. vegetable or animal products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C3/00—Preservation of milk or milk preparations
- A23C3/02—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating
- A23C3/03—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/66—Proteins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fermented whey preparation having a unique sourness and natural sweetness obtained by fermentation, a fermented whey preparation having a refreshing and refreshing flavor and a good texture, and its It relates to the manufacturing method.
- the present invention also relates to beverages comprising such whey preparations and methods for their production.
- Whey produced as a by-product during production of cheese and the like contains a large amount of various essential amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and sugars, and is known to have high nutritional value.
- whey has a bad taste when it is simply dried, and is not sufficient for food as it is.
- various attempts have been made to produce foods that utilize the nutritional value of whey.
- aqueous solution of whey protein As a beverage.
- the aqueous whey protein solution is sterilized at a high temperature, the protein is heated and aggregated, and the quality is significantly deteriorated.
- an aqueous whey protein solution is prepared to a high concentration of 10% by weight or more and then pH is made weak acid of 6.5 or less and then pasteurized at 90 ° C. or higher, huge aggregates are produced.
- the agglomerates cannot be sufficiently dispersed in tanks and pipes, and adhesion and deposition on tanks, pipes and valves become significant, which may cause contamination.
- it fermented after making pH of aqueous whey protein solution 6.0 or less it became difficult to show functions, such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and it was difficult to obtain the unique and favorable flavor by fermentation.
- JP-A 61-170341 relates to a method for producing a whey fermented beverage.
- JP 62-040248 relates to a whey sour base manufacturing method.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 07-051046 relates to a method for producing a fermented whey powder (these publications are all filed by the present applicant). In these publications, the concentration of solids in the aqueous whey solution is adjusted to about 2 to 20% by weight (that is, the concentration of whey protein is about 1 to 13% by weight), for example, at relatively low temperature conditions such as 90 ° C. for 10 minutes. And then fermenting with lactic acid bacteria to produce a fermented whey preparation.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-238614 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-238614 (Japanese Patent No. 3417513) relates to a method for preparing whey, in which the concentration of solids in a whey aqueous solution is about 0.1 to 10% by weight (ie, whey protein After adjusting the pH to 5.5 to 6.5), sterilize (high temperature sterilization) at a high temperature of 90 ° C or higher such as 120 ° C for 2 seconds.
- whey protein is made into micelles (colloidal particles having a particle size of 20 to 600 ⁇ m) to produce a white whey preparation having excellent thermal stability.
- the solid content concentration of the whey aqueous solution should be 10% by weight or less (that is, the whey protein concentration should be 1.2% by weight or less), and the pH should be weakly acidic from 5.5 to 6.5.
- Mandatory These conditions are said to be necessary for micelleization of whey protein and white whey. Therefore, it is not assumed here that the solid content concentration of the whey aqueous solution is higher than 10% by weight or the pH is higher than 6.5. There is no suggestion of how to ensure stability. Moreover, it is not assumed here that it is fermented with lactic acid bacteria or yeast.
- Japanese Patent No. 3389377 discloses a method for producing fermented milk by decomposing lactose.
- milk itself is used as a raw material, and an aqueous whey protein solution is not used as in the present invention, and the flavor, physical properties, texture, etc. of the obtained fermented product are those of The improvement is not considered at all and is different from that of the present invention.
- the present inventors have recently sterilized an aqueous whey protein solution having a solid content concentration of 11 to 35% by weight and a pH adjusted to 6.5 to 8.0 to obtain an aqueous solution containing aggregates.
- this is fermented with lactic acid as it is and the resulting fermentation broth is homogenized, it is unexpectedly possible to obtain a good fermented whey preparation having an unprecedented excellent flavor and texture. did it.
- a whey preparation was successfully obtained.
- lactose lactose
- This flavor emphasizes natural sweetness compared to the case where lactose is not decomposed by an enzyme (lactase), and the fermented whey preparation is even better due to the excellent balance between such sweetness and sourness from fermentation. It had a nice flavor. Moreover, the obtained fermented whey preparation had excellent thermal stability while having a smooth texture and a suitable viscosity. Moreover, since this fermented whey preparation was subjected to a high-temperature sterilization treatment, it did not contain miscellaneous bacteria such as high-temperature bacteria and was excellent in terms of hygiene. Furthermore, when this beverage was prepared using this fermented whey preparation as a raw material for a fruit juice beverage or the like, a beverage having excellent flavor and physical properties could be obtained. The present invention is based on such knowledge.
- the present invention is a good flavor imparted with a unique sourness and natural sweetness by fermentation, at the same time, has a refreshing and refreshing flavor, and has a smooth texture to the touch,
- the object is to provide a fermented whey preparation which is also excellent in heat stability and safety.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing such a fermented whey preparation.
- the fermented whey preparation according to the present invention is prepared by subjecting an aqueous whey protein solution having a solid content concentration of 11 to 35% by weight and a pH adjusted to 6.5 to 8.0 to high temperature sterilization, followed by lactic acid fermentation, A fermented whey preparation obtained by homogenizing the obtained fermentation broth, wherein lactose contained in the aqueous whey protein solution after high-temperature sterilization is used before lactic acid fermentation, during lactic acid fermentation, and / or after lactic acid fermentation.
- the sweetness is enhanced by enzymatic degradation with lactase.
- the fermented whey preparation is obtained by performing enzymatic decomposition of lactose with lactase before or during lactic acid fermentation or during lactic acid fermentation.
- the lactic acid fermentation is to produce lactic acid by fermentation using lactic acid bacteria or yeast.
- the high temperature sterilization is performed under conditions of 91 ° C. to 99 ° C. for 5 to 15 minutes, or 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. for 1 to 30 seconds.
- the pH of the aqueous whey protein solution is adjusted to 6.6 to 7.6.
- the particle size is 2 to 100 ⁇ m, and the aqueous solution is directly subjected to a lactic acid fermentation step.
- the beverage according to the invention comprises a fermented whey preparation according to the invention.
- the beverage according to the present invention is obtained by adding a beverage additive component to the fermented whey preparation according to the present invention and subjecting it to a high temperature sterilization treatment at 100 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 30 seconds.
- the method for producing a fermented whey preparation according to the present invention comprises a high-temperature sterilization of an aqueous whey protein solution having a solid content of 11 to 35% by weight and a pH adjusted to 6.5 to 8.0, and then lactic acid.
- a method comprising fermenting and obtaining a fermented whey preparation by homogenizing the obtained fermentation broth, wherein the lactose contained in the aqueous whey protein solution after high temperature sterilization is subjected to lactic acid fermentation before lactic acid fermentation. It is characterized in that sweetness is enhanced by enzymatic degradation with lactase during and / or after lactic acid fermentation.
- the enzymatic decomposition of lactose with lactase is performed before lactic acid fermentation and during lactic acid fermentation or during lactic acid fermentation. More preferably, the production method adjusts the acidity produced by lactic acid fermentation and the sweetness produced by enzymatic degradation by lactase, respectively, by adjusting the fermentation time, thereby adjusting the flavor of the whole whey preparation. Comprising.
- the high temperature sterilization is performed at 91 ° C. to 99 ° C. for 5 to 15 minutes, or the high temperature sterilization is performed at 100 ° C. to 150 ° C., 1 to 30 minutes. In seconds.
- the aqueous whey protein solution to be sterilized at high temperature is adjusted to pH 6.6 to 7.6.
- the method preferably comprises subjecting the aqueous solution to a lactic acid fermentation step as it is when the aqueous solution after high-temperature sterilization contains agglomerates, the particle size thereof is 2 to 100 ⁇ m.
- an additive component for beverage is added to the fermented whey preparation obtained above, and this is added to 100 ° C to 150 ° C for 1 to 30 seconds. And performing a high temperature sterilization treatment to obtain a beverage.
- lactic acid fermentation is carried out with the agglomerates still included, and homogenization is carried out to obtain an unprecedented flavor. It is possible to obtain a fermented whey preparation and a beverage thereby having a good texture, heat stability and safety.
- the fermented whey preparation according to the present invention emphasizes the natural sweetness associated with the decomposition of lactose and, as described above, has a good flavor imparted with a unique sourness and natural sweetness by fermentation, and at the same time, is refreshing. It has a refreshing flavor and a smooth texture, and it has excellent thermal stability and safety.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the production process of a fermented whey preparation according to the invention. The example of the manufacturing process of the drink by this invention is shown.
- Fermented whey preparation comprises, as described above, an aqueous whey protein solution having a solid content of 11 to 35% by weight and a pH adjusted to 6.5 to 8.0.
- a fermentation whey preparation obtained by lactic acid fermentation after pasteurization at high temperature and homogenizing the obtained fermentation broth, and lactose contained in the aqueous whey protein solution after pasteurization at high temperature, before lactic acid fermentation, The sweetness is enhanced by enzymatic degradation with lactase during and / or after lactic acid fermentation.
- the solid content concentration of the aqueous whey protein solution is made higher than 10% by weight and sterilized at a temperature higher than 90 ° C.
- it is fermented with lactic acid bacteria or yeast to obtain a fermented whey preparation.
- UHT ultra-high temperature
- the whey protein aggregates by heating and the quality is remarkably deteriorated.
- a whey protein aqueous solution is prepared at a high concentration, then the pH is made weakly acidic at 6.5 or lower and sterilized at a temperature higher than 90 ° C., a huge aggregate is generated.
- FIG. 1 The production process of the fermented whey preparation according to the present invention will be described.
- the thing of FIG. 1 can be mentioned as an example of the process drawing of a manufacturing process.
- whey protein means a whey stock solution, a concentrated solution, and a reducing solution such as whey powder.
- Whey proteins that can be used include whey protein concentrate (WPC (Whey Protein Concentrate)), whey protein isolate (WPI (Whey Protein Isolate)), sweet whey powder, desalted whey powder, and skim milk powder. Included, and these may be used in combination. Moreover, these may use a commercial item.
- WPC Whey Protein Concentrate
- WPI Whey Protein Isolate
- sweet whey powder desalted whey powder
- skim milk powder desalted whey powder
- skim milk powder whey protein concentrate
- the main component composition of whey is, as a typical example, WPC has, for example, a solid content of 95.5%. At this time, protein is 76.0%, lactose is 12.0%, and ash content is 2. 5%.
- the solid content is 94.1%, and at this time, protein is 90.0%, lactose is 1.7%, and ash content is 1.8%.
- the solid content is 97.0%, and at this time, the protein is 12.0%, lactose is 75.5%, and the ash content is 8.5%.
- desalted whey powder for example, the solid content is 98.1%, and at this time, protein is 11.8%, lactose is 79.7%, and ash content is 5.6%.
- solid content is 95.5%, for example, protein is 34.0%, lactose 53.5%, and ash content 8.0%.
- the amount (concentration) of protein can be easily measured by a conventional method / apparatus such as Kjeldahl method, Raleigh method, etc., if necessary.
- the whey protein to be used is preferably WPC, sweet whey powder, desalted whey powder, or a mixture thereof, more preferably a mixture of sweet whey powder and WPC.
- the mixing ratio (by weight) is preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1, more preferably 1: 1 to 2: 1.
- the solid concentration is preferably adjusted to 11 to 35% by weight, more preferably 13 to 30% by weight, and still more preferably 15 to 25% by weight.
- the whey protein concentration is preferably 1.3 to 4.5% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 4% by weight, and still more preferably 1.7 to 3% by weight. Such a range is preferable from the viewpoint of denaturing the whey protein to form an aggregate having an appropriate particle size.
- the temperature may be adjusted to about 40 to 60 ° C. if necessary, and a power blender, homomixer, high-speed stirrer, etc. may be used as necessary.
- the solid content concentration is often about 5 to 15% by weight. This takes into account the avoidance of problems such as adhesion in the manufacturing process, and the viewpoints of flavor and texture.
- the present invention by increasing the solid content concentration of the aqueous whey protein solution, increasing the milk component to a high concentration, and fermenting with lactic acid bacteria or yeast, it was possible to enhance the unique and good flavor by fermentation. At this time, it is also important from the viewpoint of production characteristics in an actual product to prevent the formation of excessive agglomerates, but in the present invention, the size of the agglomerates is suppressed to an appropriate size. By using it as it was, it succeeded in obtaining a whey fermentation preparation with good flavor.
- the solid content concentration in the aqueous solution can be easily determined by a conventional method / apparatus such as a simple moisture measurement method or a mixed sand method.
- the aqueous whey protein solution used has a pH of 6.5 to 8.0, preferably 6.6 to 7.8, more preferably 6.6 to 7.6, and even more preferably 6 prior to the high temperature sterilization treatment. Adjust to 0.8 to 7.4, even more preferably 6.8 to 7.2, and most preferably about 7.0.
- the pH adjustment is preferably performed using a pH adjuster.
- the usable pH adjusting agent is not particularly limited as long as it can adjust the pH in the above-mentioned region and has safety that can be used as food, but typically, sodium hydroxide, water Selected from the group consisting of potassium oxide, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. These may be used in combination.
- the pH adjuster is sodium hydroxide.
- the amount used is appropriately changed according to the type of pH adjuster to be used, the target pH value to be increased, the state of the aqueous solution to be added (for example, its temperature, pH, etc.), etc.
- the amount used is defined as a concentration, and is typically 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0. 3% by weight.
- an aqueous whey protein solution having a solid content of 11 to 35% by weight and a pH adjusted to 6.5 to 8.0 is subjected to high-temperature sterilization treatment.
- the heating conditions in the high-temperature sterilization treatment correspond to normal sterilization treatment conditions.
- beverages containing milk and whey are sterilized by various methods before shipping as a product.
- the high-temperature heat sterilization conditions here are regarded as an aspect of such normal sterilization treatment. Means the condition. Accordingly, the heating conditions for the high-temperature sterilization treatment in the present invention can be used without particular limitation as long as they are conventional heat-sterilization treatment conditions in the field of beverages and foods. Use conditions.
- This condition is a condition that can cause heat denaturation of the protein.
- miscellaneous bacteria such as high-temperature bacteria can be sufficiently killed, so that the hygiene is improved and contamination and the like in fermentation in the subsequent process are easily suppressed.
- the pasteurization treatment is performed at, for example, 91 ° C. to 99 ° C. for about 5 to 15 minutes, preferably 92 to 98 ° C. for about 7 to 13 minutes, more preferably 93 to 97. C. for about 8 to 12 minutes, particularly preferably about 95 ° C. for about 10 minutes.
- the pasteurization treatment is performed at, for example, 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. for about 1 to 30 seconds, preferably 110 to 140 ° C. for about 1 to 20 seconds, more preferably 115 to 135 ° C.
- the reaction time is about 1 to 10 seconds, more preferably 120 to 130 ° C.
- the treated aqueous solution is cooled if necessary.
- the cooling temperature can be set based on the fermentation temperature in the next fermentation step, and is, for example, about 30 to 50 ° C.
- a pressure may be further applied to the aqueous solution during the high-temperature sterilization treatment.
- the sterilization pressure is set to about 1 to 10 kg / cm 2 for the purpose of preventing the aqueous solution from boiling.
- the sterilization treatment in the present invention such pressure may be applied in addition to heating.
- the high-temperature sterilization apparatus include a plate heat exchanger, a tube heat exchanger, a steam injection sterilizer, a steam infusion sterilizer, and an electric heating sterilizer.
- the aqueous solution obtained contains aggregates.
- the particle size of the agglomerates is not huge and is an appropriate size that does not precipitate immediately.
- the aqueous solution may contain aggregates having a particle size in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 to 60 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- SALD-2100 laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer SALD-2100 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- lactic acid fermentation means that an aqueous solution of whey protein is fermented under predetermined fermentation conditions as described later using a predetermined microorganism to produce organic acids (lactic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, etc.), particularly lactic acid. Say what you do.
- a microorganism that can be used for lactic acid fermentation it is preferable to use either lactic acid bacteria or yeast.
- whether or not an organic acid, particularly lactic acid, is produced in the fermentation can be confirmed by measuring the acidity (%) of the target solution.
- acidity is determined according to “5. Method of measuring acidity of milk and dairy products” on page 56 of the Milk Related Laws and Regulations (Daily Association for Hygiene and Communication (Japan), March 2004). Can be sought. Specifically, 10 ml of a sample is diluted by adding the same amount of water not containing carbon dioxide gas, 0.5 ml of phenolphthalein solution is added as an indicator, and 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution is added for 30 seconds. Titration is performed up to the point where the faint red color does not disappear, and the percent amount of lactic acid per 100 g of the sample is determined from the titration amount, and this is defined as acidity (%).
- lactic acidity When determining the acidity of lactic acid, this is called “lactic acidity” (%).
- 1 ml of 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution is equivalent to 9 mg of lactic acid.
- 1 g of phenolphthalein is dissolved in 50% ethanol to make 100 ml.
- lactic acid bacteria is not particularly limited as long as it can be used in whey fermentation, for example, Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus) genus Streptococcus (Streptococcus) genus Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium) genus and the like used Specific examples thereof include lactic acid strains Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus .
- yeast is not particularly limited as long as it can be used in whey fermentation, for example, Candida (Candida) spp, Kuruberomisesu (Kluveromyces) genus or the like can be used, specific examples include yeast Candida Kefyr , Kluyveromyces Marxianus, etc. are mentioned.
- lactic acid fermentation in addition to the case where lactic acid fermentation is performed using lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid fermentation can be performed using yeast.
- yeast By performing lactic acid fermentation using yeast, it is possible to obtain a different flavor from the case of using lactic acid bacteria, and it is possible to obtain good and diverse whey preparations.
- the amount of bacteria to be added is, for example, such an amount that the concentration of lactic acid bacteria (or yeast) in the aqueous solution is about 10 9 cfu / mL, and preferably, the whey protein aqueous solution after sterilization
- the amount is about 0.1 to 3% by weight with respect to the weight, and is 2% by weight as a specific example.
- the conditions for fermentation with lactic acid bacteria are, for example, 30 to 50 ° C. and 1 to 40 hours, preferably 35 to 45 ° C. and 2 to 20 hours, more preferably 37 to 43 ° C. and 3 to 10 hours. It is.
- the fermentation conditions with yeast are, for example, 20 to 40 ° C. and 1 to 72 hours, preferably 25 to 35 ° C. and 12 to 60 hours, and more preferably 27 to 33 ° C. and 24 to 48 hours. It is.
- lactose contained in the aqueous whey protein solution after high-temperature sterilization is converted into an enzyme (lactase) before lactic acid fermentation, during lactic acid fermentation, and / or after lactic acid fermentation.
- lactose contained in the aqueous whey protein solution after high-temperature sterilization
- lactose is converted into an enzyme (lactase) before lactic acid fermentation, during lactic acid fermentation, and / or after lactic acid fermentation.
- lactase used here is not particularly limited as long as lactose contained in the aqueous whey protein solution can be decomposed into glucose and galactose.
- lactose contained in the aqueous whey protein solution can be decomposed into glucose and galactose.
- those derived from bacteria or yeast can be used.
- the optimum pH of the lactase that can be used in the present invention can be in the range of 5.5 to 7.5, for example, and the optimum temperature can be 25 to 50 ° C.
- the enzyme reaction is allowed to proceed with the fermentation treatment of lactic acid fermentation of the aqueous whey protein solution, and the lactase is selected so that the enzyme reaction can proceed under the fermentation conditions in lactic acid fermentation. It is desirable. If necessary, an enzyme treatment process for advancing the enzyme reaction may be provided separately from the lactic acid fermentation treatment, but from the viewpoint of simplification of the process, the same conditions as the lactic acid fermentation or conditions immediately before and after It is desirable that the enzymatic reaction with lactase also proceeds.
- lactase is selected that has an optimum temperature that is equivalent to the fermentation temperature at which lactic acid fermentation is carried out in the present invention, and has an optimum pH that can be taken by an aqueous whey protein solution after high-temperature sterilization. It is desirable to do. Accordingly, considering the case where the aqueous whey protein solution is sterilized at high temperature and during or before and after the lactic acid fermentation, the optimum pH and optimum temperature of the lactase to be used are 6.0 to 7. It is preferably 0, 35 to 45 ° C.
- lactase examples include Kluyveromyces Lacits , Kluveromyces Fragilis , Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus oryzae, and the like.
- the lactase used for lactose decomposition can be inactivated at pH around 5.0 to 5.5 or less.
- lactase having such a property of being inactivated according to pH is used, the pH of the aqueous whey protein solution gradually decreases with the progress of lactic acid fermentation.
- it becomes possible to stop the enzymatic reaction that is, it is possible to adjust the progress and termination of the lactic acid fermentation and the enzymatic reaction only by adjusting the amount of the enzyme used and the fermentation time of the lactic acid fermentation.
- a commercially available lactase (enzyme) that can be inactivated by the pH value can be used.
- the timing of adding lactase to the pasteurized aqueous whey protein solution may be any as long as it is after pasteurization and before the production of the fermented whey preparation is completed. Therefore, for example, lactase may be added to the aqueous whey protein solution at a stage where the aqueous whey protein solution has been appropriately cooled after high-temperature sterilization and before lactic acid fermentation.
- the enzyme reaction accompanied by lactose decomposition can be allowed to proceed immediately after lactase is introduced and before the start of lactic acid fermentation, and further, the enzyme reaction can be allowed to proceed even after lactic acid fermentation is started. it can.
- lactase may be added to the aqueous whey protein solution at the same time as the start of lactic acid fermentation, immediately before or after it, in other words, at the same time as the start of lactic acid bacteria as a starter, or immediately before or after the input.
- lactase may be added to the aqueous whey protein solution after the introduction of lactic acid bacteria and before the end of lactic acid fermentation. In these cases, lactose contained in the aqueous whey protein solution can be decomposed by an enzymatic reaction in parallel with lactic acid fermentation.
- Lactase can be added to the aqueous whey protein solution, and at which time the lactase is added, as appropriate in consideration of the desired degree of enzymatic degradation, the amount of enzyme input, the desired enzyme reaction time, etc. Can be selected. Therefore, according to one preferable aspect of the present invention, the enzymatic decomposition of lactose by lactase can be performed before lactic acid fermentation and during lactic acid fermentation, or can be performed during lactic acid fermentation.
- lactase can be added to the whey protein aqueous solution after lactic acid fermentation.
- an enzyme reaction step for causing the enzymatic reaction to proceed separately from the lactic acid fermentation fermentation step by adding lactase after the lactic acid fermentation step.
- the enzyme reaction process may be performed immediately after the process of lactic acid fermentation, but may be provided, for example, after the homogenization treatment of the aqueous whey protein solution.
- the pH of the aqueous solution and the reaction temperature may be further appropriately adjusted in consideration of the optimum pH and temperature conditions of lactase at the start of this step.
- the amount of lactase used is, for example, 10,000 to 100,000 IU / g, preferably 30,000 to 70,000 IU / g, more preferably 40,000 to 60,000 IU / g.
- the enzymatic degradation of lactose by lactase is performed before lactic acid fermentation and during lactic acid fermentation, or when performed during lactic acid fermentation, by adjusting the fermentation time
- the acidity produced and the sweetness produced by enzymatic degradation with lactase can be adjusted to adjust the flavor of the whole whey preparation. That is, if the lactic acid fermentation time is too short, the fermentation itself is not sufficient, and the progress of the enzymatic reaction is insufficient. On the other hand, if the lactic acid fermentation time is too long, the lactic acid fermentation proceeds compared to the enzymatic reaction. It will be too much, and the acidity by lactic acid will become too strong. For this reason, it is desirable to set the lactic acid fermentation time so that the acidity produced by lactic acid fermentation and the sweetness produced by enzymatic degradation by lactase are maintained in an appropriate balance.
- a deactivation treatment for example, heat treatment
- a deactivation treatment step for deactivating the enzyme may be further provided as necessary.
- homogenization treatment is performed on the obtained fermentation broth.
- the aggregate contained in a fermentation liquid can be atomized.
- homogenizing the fermentation broth it is carried out while containing the lactic acid bacteria (or yeast) and metabolites contained therein. That is, the fermentation broth is homogenized as it is.
- Homogenization as it is is important from the viewpoint of imparting an appropriate viscosity (viscosity) and stability to the fermentation liquid, that is, excellent texture and flavor and stable storage stability.
- the viscosity of the fermentation broth is, for example, 10 to 300 cp, preferably 15 to 250 cp, and more preferably 20 to 200 cp.
- an appropriate viscosity can be imparted to the beverage under the influence of the viscosity of the fermentation broth. If the viscosity of the fermentation broth or beverage is too high, handling may be difficult in actual production. It may be changed or the viscosity of the fermentation broth may be adjusted after it is obtained.
- the homogenization treatment can be performed, for example, at about 10 to 60 ° C. under conditions of about 10 to 50 MPa and about 100 to 1000 L / h, preferably 12 to 25 MPa. If necessary, the process may be performed multiple times with different conditions.
- the homogenization treatment there may be mentioned a condition in which the first stage is performed at 8 MPa and the second stage is performed at 4 MPa at about 20 ° C.
- a beverage comprising a fermented whey preparation according to the present invention.
- the desired beverage may be produced by optionally adding additional ingredients to the fermented whey preparation according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 can be given as an example of a process diagram of a beverage production process according to the present invention.
- an additive component for beverages containing a stabilizer is dissolved in raw water (for example, deionized water), and this is mixed with the fermented whey preparation. After mixing, if necessary, it is further emulsified and subjected to high-temperature sterilization.
- the conditions at this time are high-temperature sterilization conditions conventionally applied to beverages and the like, for example, performed at 100 to 150 ° C. for about 1 to 30 seconds.
- the beverage is further pasteurized at 100-150 ° C. for about 1-30 seconds by adding further beverage additives to the fermented whey preparation according to the invention. It is obtained by doing.
- the pasteurization treatment in the beverage production process can be a conventional heating condition well known to those skilled in the art, preferably by heating at 110 to 140 ° C. for about 1 to 20 seconds. Done. At this time, it is more preferably 115 to 135 ° C. for about 1 to 10 seconds, further preferably 120 to 130 ° C. for 1 to 5 seconds, and particularly preferably 120 ° C. for about 3 seconds.
- usable additive components are not particularly limited as long as they are conventionally used as additive components for beverages.
- examples of such components include stabilizers such as pectin, soybean polysaccharide, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), sugar, granulated sugar, liquid sugar (eg, glucose fructose liquid sugar), casein, crystalline cellulose, and proteases.
- Flavors for example, orange flavor, apple flavor, yogurt flavor
- fruit juice for example, apple juice
- fruit or puree for example, apple puree
- acidulant for example, citric acid
- the amount of the additive component used is, for example, about 20 to 40% by weight for sugar and fruit juice, and about several percent by weight for flavors and sours, etc. with respect to the fermented whey preparation. This amount is advantageous in preparing a beverage that maintains the original flavor and texture of the fermented whey preparation.
- the obtained beverage may be further homogenized if necessary.
- homogenization may be performed using a homogenizer under conditions of 80 to 85 ° C. and 25 MPa (first stage: 20 MPa, second stage: 5 MPa).
- the beverage according to the present invention can be obtained through a cooling step (for example, cooling to about 25 ° C.).
- the beverage obtained according to the present invention is a beverage excellent in flavor and the like, and may contain particles having a particle size of, for example, about 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the beverage according to the present invention may contain such fine particles, but in this case, the sedimentation rate is preferably 2% or less even after centrifugation. This is a property (physical property) that does not substantially cause precipitation.
- Example 1 Preparation of fermented whey preparation (when lactic acid bacteria and lactase are used)
- whey protein 140 g of sweet whey powder (manufactured by Meiji Dairies Co., Ltd.) is prepared and dissolved in deionized water to prepare a whey protein aqueous solution (whey aqueous solution) having a solid concentration of 14% by weight, and further pH The pH was adjusted to about 7.0 using sodium hydroxide as a regulator.
- the aqueous whey protein solution was sterilized by heating at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes using a hot water bath. When the aqueous solution was observed after sterilization, aggregated particles of less than 100 ⁇ m (average particle size of 3 ⁇ m) were contained. The resulting aqueous solution was cooled to 43 ° C.
- a freeze concentrate of lactic acid bacteria starter isolated from “Bulgaria Yogurt” (product name) manufactured by Meiji Dairies Co., Ltd.
- lactase GODO-TNL, manufactured by Godo Sakesei Co., Ltd.
- the concentration (g / L) was measured.
- the taste of the aqueous whey protein solution at each point was subjected to sensory evaluation by five specialist panelists.
- the acidity here refers to “5 Milk and dairy product acidity” on page 56 of the Milk-related Laws and Regulations (Daily Association of Sanitation Association (Japan), March 2004). It was determined according to “Measurement Method”. Specifically, 10 ml of a sample is diluted by adding the same amount of water not containing carbon dioxide gas, 0.5 ml of phenolphthalein solution is added as an indicator, and 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution is added for 30 seconds. Titration was performed up to the point where the faint red color did not disappear, and the percent amount of lactic acid per 100 g of the sample was determined from the titration amount, and this was defined as acidity (%).
- fermented whey preparations (Examples) had the desired flavor and physical properties (texture) according to the present invention and were excellent in hygiene.
- Example 2 (comparative example): Preparation of fermented whey preparation (without lactase) The test and evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that lactase (lactose degrading enzyme) was not added during lactic acid fermentation. The results were as shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 (comparative example): Preparation of fermented whey preparation (when lactic acid bacteria are not used) During the lactic acid fermentation, tests and evaluations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the predetermined lactic acid bacteria were not added (lactase was added). The results were as shown in Table 3.
- beverage examples of beverages are produced by using the fermented whey preparation (hereinafter referred to as whey fermented milk) obtained in Example 1 and producing according to the method of the present invention using the following composition:
- the product can be manufactured .
- a ratio or% means a ratio or% based on weight unless otherwise specified.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、発酵による独特の酸味と自然な甘味とが付与された発酵ホエイ調製物であって、スッキリとした爽やかな風味と、良好な食感を有する発酵ホエイ調製物、およびその製造法に関する。本発明はまた、そのようなホエイ調製物を含む飲料およびその製造法に関する。
チーズ等の製造時に副生するホエイは、各種の必須アミノ酸、タンパク質、ビタミン類、糖類を多量に含んでおり、栄養価の高いことが知られている。一方で、ホエイは、単に乾燥させただけでは風味が悪く、そのままでは食用としては不十分である。そこで、従来、ホエイの栄養価を利用する食品の製造が種々試みられてきた。
これら公報には、ホエイ水溶液の固形分濃度を2~20重量%程度(すなわち、ホエイタンパク質の濃度を1~13重量%程度)に調整し、例えば90℃、10分間の様な比較的低温条件で殺菌した後に、乳酸菌で発酵させて、発酵ホエイ調製物を製造することが開示されている。これらでは比較的低温条件での殺菌(低温殺菌)を必須としている。これは、この条件よりも高温条件であると、タンパク質の熱変性(熱凝固)による凝集物が生じて、製品の品質上、望ましくないと考えられるからである。また、低温殺菌は殺菌効率として、必ずしも満足のいくものとは言えなかった。
したがって、ここでは、ホエイ水溶液の固形分濃度を10重量%より大きくしたり、pHを6.5より大きくしたりする場合については想定されておらず、当然ながら、このような場合に良好な熱安定性を確保する方法は示唆されていない。また、乳酸菌や酵母等で発酵させることも、ここでは想定されていない。
このとき、乳酸菌を用いて乳酸発酵する場合だけでなく、酵母を用いて乳酸発酵を行っても同様に良好はホエイ調製物を得ることができた。さらに、乳酸発酵を行う前、乳酸発酵を行っている際中、または乳酸発酵を行った後に、高温殺菌した後のホエイタンパク質水溶液へラクターゼを加えることによって、乳酸発酵中もしくはそれと前後して、該水溶液中の乳糖(ラクトース)をグルコースとガラクトースとに酵素分解することを試みたところ、酵素反応が乳酸発酵を阻害するような傾向は見られず、得られた発酵ホエイ調製物は、発酵による独特の酸味と自然な甘味とが付与された、従来にない、発酵物には珍しい、スッキリとして爽やかな風味のものとすることができ、発酵ホエイ調製物の風味のさらなる改善に成功した。この風味は、酵素(ラクターゼ)による乳糖分解を行わない場合に比べて、自然な甘味が強調されており、そのような甘味と発酵による酸味との優れたバランスによって、発酵ホエイ調製物はさらに良好な風味を呈していた。また、得られた発酵ホエイ調製物は、舌触りが滑らかで好適な粘性もありながら、熱安定性にも優れるものであった。また、この発酵ホエイ調製物は、高温殺菌処理を経るため、高温菌等の雑菌を含まずに衛生面でも優れたものであった。さらに、この発酵ホエイ調製物を果汁系の飲料等の原料として用いて、飲料を調製すると、風味と物性の優れた飲料を得ることができた。本発明は、このような知見に基づくものである。
好ましくは、本発明による飲料は、本発明による発酵ホエイ調製物へ、飲料用の添加成分を加え、これを100℃~150℃、1~30秒間の高温殺菌処理を行うことによって得られる。
本発明による発酵ホエイ調製物は、前記したように、固形分濃度が11~35重量%で、かつ、pHが6.5~8.0に調整された、ホエイタンパク質水溶液を、高温殺菌した後、乳酸発酵させ、得られた発酵液を均質化することによって得られる、発酵ホエイ調製物であって、高温殺菌した後のホエイタンパク質水溶液中に含まれる乳糖を、乳酸発酵前、乳酸発酵中、および/または乳酸発酵後に、ラクターゼにより酵素分解することによって、甘味が増強されてなるものである。
ここで、pH調整は好ましくは、pH調整剤を使用して行う。ここで、使用可能なpH調整剤は、上記の領域にpHを調整でき、かつ、食品として使用可能な安全性を有するものであれば特に限定されないが、典型的には、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウムおよび炭酸ナトリウムからなる群より選択される。そして、これらは組み合わせて使用しても良い。本発明の好ましい態様によれば、pH調整剤は水酸化ナトリウムである。
冷却する温度は、次の発酵工程での発酵温度に基づいて設定することができ、例えば30~50℃程度である。
このように凝集物は、直ぐには沈殿しないような寸法であるため、そのまま、ここに乳酸菌もしくは酵母を加えて、次の乳酸発酵処理に付すことができる。
なお、凝集物の粒径は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置SALD-2100(株式会社島津製作所製)などを利用することにより測定することができる。
このようなpHに応じて失活する性質を有するラクターゼを使用すると、乳酸発酵の進行に伴い、ホエイタンパク質水溶液のpHは次第に低下するため、ある程度まで乳酸発酵が進行した段階で自動的に酵素が失活し、その結果として酵素反応を停止させることが可能となる。すなわち、酵素の使用量と、乳酸発酵の発酵時間を調節するのみで、乳酸発酵と、酵素反応の進行および停止を調節することが可能となる。このようにpH値によって、失活し得るラクターゼ(酵素)は、例えば市販のものを入手して利用することができる。
本発明の別の態様によれば、本発明による発酵ホエイ調製物を含んでなる飲料が提供される。したがって、本発明による発酵ホエイ調製物へ、任意に添加成分を加えることによって所望の飲料を製造しても良い。
ホエイタンパク質として、甘性ホエイ粉(明治乳業株式会社製)を140g用意し、これを脱イオン水に溶解して、固形分濃度14重量%のホエイタンパク質水溶液(ホエイ水溶液)を調製し、さらにpH調整剤として水酸化ナトリウムを用いて、pHを約7.0に調整した。次いで、湯煎を用いて、該ホエイタンパク質水溶液を95℃、10分間で加熱殺菌した。殺菌した後、水溶液を観察したところ、100μm未満(平均粒径3μm)の凝集物粒子が含まれていた。この得られた水溶液を、43℃まで冷却した。
またラクトース濃度、グルコース濃度およびガラクトース濃度はそれぞれ、HPLC(カラム;昭和電工株式会社製、Shodex 糖分析用順相カラム Asahipak NH2P-50(4.6×250mm)、移動相;アセトニトリル:超純水=3:1、検出器;Jaco 830-RI、測定温度;40℃)により測定した。
官能評価の結果から、発酵時間(反応時間)に応じて、甘味と酸味を任意に調整できることが分かった。
これらの得られた発酵ホエイ調製物(実施例)は、本発明での所望の風味と物性(食感)とを有し、かつ衛生面でも優れた調製物であった。
乳酸発酵の際に、ラクターゼ(乳糖分解酵素)を加えない以外は、例1と同様にして試験および評価を行った。
結果は、表2に示される通りであった。
乳酸発酵の際に、所定の乳酸菌を加えない以外(ラクターゼを加えた)は、例1と同様にして試験および評価を行った。
結果は、表3に示される通りであった。
前記例1で得られた発酵ホエイ調製物(以下においてホエイ発酵乳という)を使用し、下記のような配合を用いて本発明の方法に従って製造することによって、本発明に従う下記飲料製品を製造することができる。
なお、以下において比率もしくは%は、特に断りの無い限り、重量基準での比率もしくは%を意味する。
Claims (16)
- 固形分濃度が11~35重量%で、かつ、pHが6.5~8.0に調整された、ホエイタンパク質水溶液を、高温殺菌した後、乳酸発酵させ、得られた発酵液を均質化することによって得られる、発酵ホエイ調製物であって、
高温殺菌した後のホエイタンパク質水溶液に含まれる乳糖を、乳酸発酵前、乳酸発酵中、および/または乳酸発酵後に、ラクターゼにより酵素分解することによって、甘味が増強されてなる、発酵ホエイ調製物。 - ラクターゼによる乳糖の酵素分解を、乳酸発酵前と乳酸発酵中に行うか、または、乳酸発酵中に行うことによって得られたものである、請求項1に記載の発酵ホエイ調製物。
- 乳酸発酵が、乳酸菌または酵母を用いた発酵によって乳酸を生成するものである、請求項1または2に記載のホエイ調製物。
- 高温殺菌が、91℃~99℃、5~15分間の条件で行われるか、または、100℃~150℃、1~30秒間の条件で行われる、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の発酵ホエイ調製物。
- ホエイタンパク質水溶液のpHが6.6~7.6に調整されている、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の発酵ホエイ調製物。
- 高温殺菌後の水溶液が凝集物を含む場合、その粒径が2~100μmの大きさであり、かつ、この水溶液をそのまま乳酸発酵工程に付すことを含んでなる、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の発酵ホエイ調製物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の発酵ホエイ調製物を含んでなる、飲料。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の発酵ホエイ調製物へ、飲料用添加成分を加え、これを100℃~150℃、1~30秒間の高温殺菌処理を行うことによって得られる、飲料。
- 固形分濃度が11~35重量%で、かつ、pHが6.5~8.0に調整された、ホエイタンパク質水溶液を、高温殺菌した後、乳酸発酵させ、得られた発酵液を均質化することによって発酵ホエイ調製物を得ることを含んでなる、発酵ホエイ調製物の製造方法であって、
高温殺菌した後のホエイタンパク質水溶液に含まれる乳糖を、乳酸発酵前、乳酸発酵中、および/または乳酸発酵後に、ラクターゼにより酵素分解することによって、甘味を増強することを特徴とする、発酵ホエイ調製物の製造方法。 - ラクターゼによる乳糖の酵素分解を、乳酸発酵前と乳酸発酵中に行うか、または、乳酸発酵中に行う、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 発酵時間を調節することによって、乳酸発酵により生ずる酸味と、ラクターゼによる酵素分解により生ずる甘味とをそれぞれ調整し、ホエイ調製物全体の風味を調整することを含んでなる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 乳酸発酵が、乳酸菌または酵母を用いた発酵によって乳酸を生成するものである、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 高温殺菌を、91℃~99℃、5~15分間の条件で行うか、または、100℃~150℃、1~30秒間の条件で行う、請求項9~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ホエイタンパク質水溶液のpHが6.6~7.6に調整されている請求項9~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 高温殺菌後の水溶液が凝集物を含む場合、その粒径が2~100μmの大きさであり、かつ、この水溶液をそのまま乳酸発酵工程に付すことを含んでなる、請求項9~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項9~15のいずれか一項に記載の方法により得られた発酵ホエイ調製物へ、飲料用添加成分を加えて、これを100℃~150℃、1~30秒間で高温殺菌処理を行い、飲料を得ることを含んでなる、飲料の製造方法。
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US9894911B2 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2018-02-20 | Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing modified whey composition |
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JP2021151233A (ja) * | 2014-11-14 | 2021-09-30 | アーラ フーズ エエムビエArla Foods amba | ホエータンパク質ベースの高タンパク質ヨーグルト様製品、その製造に適した成分、および製造方法 |
JP2017051142A (ja) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-16 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 発酵乳の苦味のマスキング方法、発酵乳およびその製造方法 |
JP2017221156A (ja) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-21 | 株式会社明治 | ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス発酵促進剤 |
WO2017217533A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-21 | 株式会社明治 | ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス発酵促進剤 |
CN109563467A (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2019-04-02 | 株式会社明治 | 嗜热链球菌发酵促进剂 |
CN109563467B (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2022-04-26 | 株式会社明治 | 嗜热链球菌发酵促进剂 |
JP2019176781A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-17 | 株式会社明治 | 発酵乳及び発酵乳の製造方法 |
JP7213020B2 (ja) | 2018-03-30 | 2023-01-26 | 株式会社明治 | 発酵乳及び発酵乳の製造方法 |
JP2018183191A (ja) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-11-22 | 株式会社明治 | ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス発酵促進剤 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110212222A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
EP2351489A4 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
CN102264238A (zh) | 2011-11-30 |
EP2351489A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
JP5667447B2 (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
SG10201704771TA (en) | 2017-07-28 |
CA2741679A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
JPWO2010047230A1 (ja) | 2012-03-22 |
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