WO2009153892A1 - ゲイン制御を行なう増幅器および光モジュール - Google Patents
ゲイン制御を行なう増幅器および光モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009153892A1 WO2009153892A1 PCT/JP2008/070594 JP2008070594W WO2009153892A1 WO 2009153892 A1 WO2009153892 A1 WO 2009153892A1 JP 2008070594 W JP2008070594 W JP 2008070594W WO 2009153892 A1 WO2009153892 A1 WO 2009153892A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/04—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/08—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only controlled by light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G1/00—Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
- H03G1/0005—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal
- H03G1/0017—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal the device being at least one of the amplifying solid state elements of the amplifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G1/00—Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
- H03G1/0005—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal
- H03G1/0088—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal using discontinuously variable devices, e.g. switch-operated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/20—Automatic control
- H03G3/30—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
- H03G3/3084—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices in receivers or transmitters for electromagnetic waves other than radiowaves, e.g. lightwaves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an amplifier and an optical module, and more particularly to an amplifier and an optical module that perform gain control.
- the optical signal from the home side device is detected by the light receiving element, and the output of this light receiving element
- a TIA transimpedance amplifier
- a preamplifier for amplifying the detected current is provided in the station side device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses the following configuration. That is, the output current of the avalanche photodiode that changes due to optical input is output as an output voltage through a preamplifier, and the output voltage of the preamplifier is saturated in an optical receiver circuit that controls this output voltage by an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) circuit.
- Patent Document 2 discloses the following configuration. That is, in an optical reception preamplifier that amplifies a current signal from a light receiving element, a feedback amplifier circuit that varies a gain phase characteristic by a first control signal according to the magnitude of the current signal, and an output of the feedback amplifier circuit as a reference And a large input control circuit that outputs a first control signal to the feedback amplifier circuit in comparison with the voltage.
- a feedback amplifier circuit amplifies the current signal, a buffer circuit that buffers the output of the amplifier, a first resistor and a second resistor for feedback that switch the gain of the amplifier, and a phase that performs phase compensation of the amplifier It comprises a compensation capacitor, and a first switch element and a second switch element that perform a gain and phase compensation switching operation.
- Patent Document 3 discloses the following configuration. That is, an inverting amplifier circuit to which a burst signal is input, a first feedback circuit disposed between an input node and an output node of the inverting amplifier circuit, and a second feedback circuit disposed in parallel with the first feedback circuit, A burst period determining unit that determines a duration of the burst signal based on the output of the inverting amplifier circuit and outputs a first signal indicating the off timing of the burst signal; and an amplitude of the burst signal based on the output of the inverting amplifier circuit. A gain switching signal generation unit that determines and outputs a second signal indicating that the amplitude exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the second feedback circuit includes a phase compensation capacitor and a switch whose opening / closing is controlled based on the first signal and the second signal, and the gain is controlled by opening / closing the switch.
- JP 63-151205 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-8563 JP 2006-101223 A
- the preamplifier described in Patent Document 1 detects the saturation of the output voltage with a saturation voltage detection circuit, and diverts the output current of the avalanche photodiode according to the output of the saturation voltage detection circuit. In this configuration, the current to the amplifier circuit is reduced by a predetermined amount.
- it is difficult to adjust the partial flow rate That is, if the partial flow rate is set too small, the preamplifier cannot be saturated when the level of the optical input signal is relatively high, and the dynamic range of the preamplifier becomes narrow.
- the flow rate is set too large, there is a problem that the S / N (Signal to Noise) ratio deteriorates.
- the output voltage of the preamplifier that performs inverting amplification is compared with the reference voltage Vref.
- the reference voltage Vref When the level of the input current signal to the preamplifier is high, the output voltage of the preamplifier is The output current of the avalanche photodiode is shunted below the reference voltage Vref. Setting the reference voltage Vref is difficult, and if the reference voltage Vref is set too small, the flow rate becomes small and the dynamic range of the preamplifier becomes narrow.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the preamplifiers described in Patent Documents 2 and 3.
- the preamplifiers described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 are configured to change the gain by switching the resistance value of feedback resistor RF.
- the gain of the amplifier circuit 51 is A
- the resistance value of the feedback resistor RF is RF
- the input capacitance such as the parasitic capacitance of the light receiving element PD is Cin
- the DC gain ZT and -3 dB band f-3 dB of this preamplifier is Is represented by the following equation.
- the frequency characteristic of the amplifier circuit 51 is ignored in order to simplify the explanation, that is, the gain A is a fixed value.
- the bandwidth of the amplifier circuit 51 becomes smaller than the bandwidth of the feedback loop formed by the feedback resistor RF, the phase margin is lowered and the feedback loop becomes unstable.
- the amplifier circuit 51 needs a band about ⁇ 2 times the feedback loop.
- the feedback resistance value is switched to be small when the optical input signal level is large, the DC gain ZT is reduced and the bandwidth of the feedback loop is increased. As a result, the bandwidth of the amplifier circuit 51 becomes insufficient, and the phase margin decreases.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an amplifier and an optical module capable of expanding a dynamic range and stably amplifying a broadband signal.
- An amplifier includes a first conduction electrode to which a current is input, a control electrode coupled to the first conduction electrode, and a second conduction electrode coupled to a fixed voltage source.
- a second transistor having a transistor, a first conduction electrode, a second conduction electrode coupled to a fixed voltage source, and a control electrode coupled to a control electrode of the first transistor, and control of the second transistor
- a feedback resistor coupled to the electrode for feeding back the output of the second transistor to the control electrode of the second transistor, and flowing from the first conducting electrode of the first transistor to the control electrode and the feedback resistor of the second transistor
- a variable resistance element for controlling a ratio between a current and a current flowing from the first conduction electrode of the first transistor to the second conduction electrode;
- variable resistance element is connected between the second conduction electrode of the first transistor and the fixed voltage source.
- variable resistance element is a third transistor having a first conduction electrode coupled to the second conduction electrode of the first transistor and a second conduction electrode coupled to the fixed voltage source, and an amplifier. Further comprises a fourth transistor having a first conduction electrode coupled to the second conduction electrode of the second transistor and a second conduction electrode coupled to the fixed voltage source.
- the ratio between the size of the first transistor and the size of the second transistor is substantially equal to the ratio of the size of the third transistor and the size of the fourth transistor.
- variable resistance element is connected between the control electrode of the first transistor, the first conduction electrode of the first transistor, and the control electrode of the second transistor.
- the first transistor and the second transistor have the same structure
- the amplifier further includes a resistor coupled to the first conduction electrode of the second transistor and formed of the same material as the feedback resistor.
- the amplifier further includes a current source that supplies a constant current to the first conduction electrode of the first transistor.
- the amplifier includes a plurality of sets of first transistors and variable resistance elements, and the first conduction electrode and the control electrode of each first transistor are commonly coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor.
- the amplifier further includes a control circuit that controls the resistance value of the variable resistance element in three or more stages based on the output of the second transistor.
- a current from a light receiving element used in the passive optical network is input to the first conduction electrode of the first transistor.
- An optical module is an optical module used in a passive optical network including an optical fiber, and includes a light receiving element optically coupled to the optical fiber, and a first coupled to the light receiving element.
- a first transistor having a conduction electrode, a control electrode coupled to the first conduction electrode, and a second conduction electrode coupled to the fixed voltage source; a first conduction electrode; and a first transistor coupled to the fixed voltage source.
- a second transistor having a two conduction electrode and a control electrode coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor; and a second transistor coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor, wherein the output of the second transistor is coupled to the second transistor.
- a feedback resistor for returning to the control electrode, a current flowing from the first conducting electrode of the first transistor to the control electrode and the feedback resistor of the second transistor, and the first transistor Comprising a variable resistor element for controlling the ratio of the current flowing from the first conducting electrode of the capacitor to the second conductive electrode, and a terminal for receiving a control signal for controlling the resistance value of the variable resistor element.
- the dynamic range can be expanded and a wideband signal can be stably amplified.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a preamplifier according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a state where an N-channel MOS transistor M1 is turned on and an N-channel MOS transistor M11 is turned off in the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the preamplifier which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a state where N-channel MOS transistors M0 and M1 are turned on and an N-channel MOS transistor M11 is turned off in a preamplifier according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the preamplifier which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a state where an N-channel MOS transistor M1 is turned on and an N-channel MOS transistor M11 is turned off in a preamplifier according to a third embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the preamplifier which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a state where an N-channel MOS transistor M1 is turned on in a preamplifier according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows schematically the structure of the preamplifier described in patent documents 2 and 3.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical network according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- an optical network 501 is, for example, a GE-PON, and includes home side devices 401A, 401B, 401C, and 401D, a station side device 402, and splitters SP1 and SP2.
- the home side devices 401A, 401B, 401C, 401D and the station side device 402 are connected via the splitters SP1 and SP2 and the optical fiber OPTF, and transmit / receive optical signals to / from each other.
- the home-side device 401D and the station-side device 402 are connected via the splitter SP2 and the optical fiber OPTF, and transmit / receive optical signals to / from each other.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the station side apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the station side device 402 includes an optical module 301, a PON receiving unit 302, a PON transmitting unit 303, a communication control unit 304, an upper network receiving unit 305, and an upper network transmitting unit 306.
- the optical module 301 includes an optical receiver 51, an optical transmitter 52, a multiplexing / demultiplexing unit 53, and terminals T1 to T3.
- the optical receiver 51 includes a lens 201, a light receiving element PD, and a preamplifier 101.
- the optical transmission unit 52 includes a lens 202 and a light emitting element 203.
- the PON receiving unit 302 includes a post-amplifier 54 and a clock / data recovery unit 55.
- the frame from the upper network 502 is received by the upper network receiver 305 and sent to the communication controller 304.
- the communication control unit 304 outputs the frame to the terminal T3 of the optical module 301 via the PON transmission unit 303.
- the light emitting element 203 converts a frame that is an electrical signal received from the PON transmission unit 303 into an optical signal, and transmits the optical signal to the home device via the lens 202 and the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit 53. To do.
- the optical signal transmitted from the home side device to the station side device is received by the optical receiving unit 51 via the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit 53.
- the light receiving element PD is optically coupled to the optical fiber OPTF via the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit 53 and the lens 201.
- the light receiving element PD outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the amount of light received from the optical fiber OPTF.
- the preamplifier 101 amplifies the electrical signal received from the light receiving element PD and outputs the amplified signal to the PON receiving unit 302 via the terminal T1.
- the post-amplifier 54 amplifies the electrical signal received from the pre-amplifier 101 and outputs the amplified signal to the clock / data recovery unit 55.
- Clock / data recovery unit 55 recovers the clock and data based on the electrical signal received from post-amplifier 54.
- the communication control unit 304 decodes the data received from the clock / data reproduction unit 55 and restores the data frame and the control frame.
- the communication control unit 304 transmits the frame to the upper network 502 via the upper network transmission unit 306 based on the restored frames.
- the communication control unit 304 manages the start timing and end timing of the burst signal from the home side device and transmits the burst signal so that the optical signal transmitted from each home side device does not compete in time. A window indicating a good period is notified to the home device as a control frame. Since the home side apparatus transmits the burst signal in the assigned window, the communication control unit 304 sends the reset signal RST to the terminal T2 at the start or end of the burst signal based on the managed timing. Output to the preamplifier 101.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- preamplifier 101 includes gain control circuit 1, inverting amplification circuit 2, differential conversion circuit 3, output buffer circuit 4, NPN transistor N1, and N-channel MOS transistors M1, M11. And a capacitor C1 and an inverter INV.
- the inverting amplifier circuit 2 includes NPN transistors N0 and NF, a feedback resistor RF, a resistor RL, and a current source IS1.
- the NPN transistor N1 has a collector and a base connected to the anode of the light receiving element PD, and an emitter connected to the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor M1 and the first end of the capacitor C1.
- the N-channel MOS transistor M1 has a gate that receives the gain switching signal GSW from the gain control circuit 1, and a source connected to the ground voltage source PS2 and the second end of the capacitor C1.
- the N-channel MOS transistor M11 has a gate connected to the output of the inverter INV, a drain connected to the fixed voltage source PS4, and a source connected to the first end of the capacitor C1.
- the NPN transistor N0 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor N1 and the base connected to the first end of the feedback resistor RF, the collector connected to the first end of the resistor RL and the base of the NPN transistor NF, and the ground voltage source PS2.
- NPN transistor NF has a collector connected to fixed voltage source PS3 and the second end of resistor RL, and an emitter connected to the second end of feedback resistor RF and the first end of current source IS1.
- the second end of the current source IS1 is connected to the ground voltage source PS2.
- the cathode of the light receiving element PD is connected to the fixed voltage source PS1.
- the differential conversion circuit 3 converts the output voltage VAMP of the inverting amplifier circuit 2, that is, the emitter voltage of the NPN transistor NF, into a differential signal, and outputs the differential signal to the terminal T1 through the output buffer circuit 4.
- the feedback resistor RF is provided to feed back the output voltage VAMP, that is, the output of the NPN transistor N0, to the base of the NPN transistor N0.
- N-channel MOS transistor M1 controls the ratio between the current flowing from light receiving element PD to NPN transistor N0 and feedback resistor RF and the current flowing from light receiving element PD to ground voltage source PS2 through the collector and emitter of NPN transistor N1. It is provided for.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a state where the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is turned on and the N-channel MOS transistor M11 is turned off in the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the gain control circuit 1 generates and outputs a gain switching signal GSW based on the output voltage VAMP. More specifically, the gain control circuit 1 outputs a logic low level gain switching signal GSW at the head of the optical input signal that is a burst signal, and starts receiving the optical input signal. Thereafter, an average value of the level of the output voltage VAMP in a period corresponding to a plurality of bits of the optical input signal is calculated. When the average value of the output voltage VAMP of the inverting amplifier circuit 2 is less than a predetermined value, that is, when the level of the optical input signal is large, the gain control circuit 1 outputs a logic high level gain switching signal GSW to The channel MOS transistor M1 is turned on.
- the emitter potential of the NPN transistor N1 decreases and the NPN transistor N1 is turned on.
- bypass current ibps flows from light receiving element PD to ground voltage source PS2 through NPN transistor N1 and N channel MOS transistor M1. That is, the detection current ipd from the light receiving element PD is divided into the input current iin and the bypass current ibps to the inverting amplifier circuit 2.
- the NPN transistors N0 and N1 since the emitters of the NPN transistors N0 and N1 are respectively coupled to the ground voltage source PS2, the NPN transistors N0 and N1 operate like a current mirror circuit, and a current corresponding to the bypass current ibps is applied to the NPN transistor. It flows from the collector of N0 to the emitter.
- “coupled” is not limited to the state in which the circuit elements are directly connected to each other, but includes cases in which other circuit elements are connected between the circuit elements.
- the gain control circuit 1 outputs the logic low level gain switching signal GSW, thereby causing the N-channel MOS transistor M1 to Turn off. Then, the emitter potential of NPN transistor N1 rises and NPN transistor N1 is turned off. As a result, the detection current ipd from the light receiving element PD does not flow but flows to the inverting amplifier circuit 2 as the input current iin.
- the gain control circuit 1 detects the bottom value of the output voltage VAMP in a period corresponding to a plurality of bits of the optical input signal at the head of the optical input signal that is a burst signal, instead of the average value of the level of the output voltage VAMP.
- the logic level of the gain switching signal GSW may be determined based on the bottom value.
- the inverter INV inverts the logic level of the gain switching signal GSW received from the gain control circuit 1 and outputs it to the gate of the N-channel MOS transistor M11.
- the gain control circuit 1 receives the reset signal RST from the communication control unit 304 for each burst signal, and turns on the N-channel MOS transistor M11. As a result, charges are injected from the fixed voltage source PS4 into the capacitor C1, so that the emitter potential of the NPN transistor N1 can be quickly raised.
- the output voltage of the fixed voltage source PS4 may be a voltage higher than the base-emitter voltage of the NPN transistor N1.
- the output voltage of the fixed voltage source PS4 is close to the base-emitter voltage of the NPN transistor N1 in order to shorten the time for extracting the charge from the capacitor C1. A voltage is preferred.
- the gain control circuit 1 receives the reset signal RST from the communication control unit 304 for each burst signal, and clears the average value of the output voltage VAMP.
- the light intensity of the burst signal may vary greatly depending on the home device. By clearing the average value of the output voltage VAMP for each burst signal, the level of the output voltage VAMP can be accurately detected for a newly received burst signal without being affected by the previously received burst signal.
- the gain switching signal GSW can be generated.
- the gain control circuit 1 is not limited to the configuration that receives the reset signal RST from the communication control unit 304, and is a configuration that detects the start or end of the burst signal by itself and returns the logic level of the gain switching signal GSW to the initial value. Also good. Further, when the station side device 402 receives a continuous signal instead of a burst signal, the reset signal RST may not exist.
- the mutual conductance of the NPN transistor N0 is gm0
- the gain of the inverting amplifier circuit 2 is A
- the resistance value of the feedback resistor RF is RF
- the resistance value of the resistor RL is RL.
- the AC impedance ZRF of the feedback resistor RF viewed from the input node of the preamplifier 101, that is, the connection node between the light receiving element PD and the NPN transistor N1 is expressed by the following equation.
- the base current of the NPN transistor N0 is ib0
- the base voltage is vb0
- the current gain is hfe0.
- the AC impedance Z0 of the NPN transistor N0 viewed from the input node of the preamplifier 101 is expressed by the following equation.
- the base current of the NPN transistor N1 is ib1
- the base voltage is vb1
- the mutual conductance is gm1
- the intrinsic emitter resistance is re1
- the current gain is hfe1.
- the AC impedance Z1 of the path of the bypass current ibps viewed from the input node of the preamplifier 101 is expressed by the following equation.
- the detection current ipd from the light receiving element PD is all the input current iin.
- the detection current ipd is based on the ratio of the impedance ZRF expressed by the formula (1) and the impedance Z1 expressed by the formula (3) as follows: Thus, the current is divided into the input current iin and the bypass current ibps.
- NPN transistors N0 and N1 are transistors having the same structure. Thereby, gm1 / gm0 becomes a value determined by the size ratio of the NPN transistors N0 and N1, and becomes a stable value with respect to manufacturing variations and temperature fluctuations.
- transistor size means the structural size that determines the mutual conductance of the transistor.
- NPN transistor has emitter width ⁇ emitter length
- N-channel MOS transistor has gate width / gate length.
- the size is the sum of the sizes of the transistors connected in parallel.
- RF / RL becomes a stable value against manufacturing variations and temperature fluctuations.
- the input current iin can be effectively suppressed by the NPN transistor N1 having the same size as the NPN transistor N0.
- the resistance value of the feedback resistor RF is 1000 ⁇
- the resistance value of the resistor RL is 200 ⁇
- the input current iin can be suppressed to 1/6 by turning on the N-channel MOS transistor M1 as compared with the case where the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is off, the strong input of the preamplifier 101 is reduced. Resistance can be increased 6 times.
- the gain ZT of the preamplifier 101 when the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is off is expressed by the following equation.
- the gain ZT of the preamplifier 101 when the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is on is expressed by the following equation.
- the shunt ratio of the detection current ipd from the light receiving element PD that is, the ratio between the input current iin and the bypass current ibps is set. Control.
- the bypass current ibps is determined by the ratio to the detection current ipd, and the amount of the bypass current ibps can be increased when the input is strong, and the amount of the bypass current ibps can be decreased when the input is weak.
- the shunt ratio of the detection current ipd is a stable value with respect to manufacturing variations and temperature fluctuations determined by the resistance ratio and the transconductance ratio of the transistor, and parameter adjustment is easy.
- the output signal VOUT is monitored, and when the level of the optical input signal is high, the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is turned on. Accordingly, a part of the detection current ipd from the light receiving element PD is bypassed to the ground as a bypass current ibps, and the input current iin to the inverting amplifier circuit 2 is reduced, so that the gain of the preamplifier 101 is apparently reduced. .
- there is no need to switch the resistance value of the feedback resistor so that the characteristics of the feedback loop are not changed before and after gain switching, and phase margin control can be made unnecessary.
- the input impedance that is, the resistance value of the feedback resistor is set smaller than that of the low frequency TIA. Therefore, in the case of the preamplifier 101 shown in FIG. 3, it is necessary to reduce the resistance component of the path of the bypass current ibps, that is, to reduce the on-resistance of the N-channel MOS transistor M1.
- the on-resistance of the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is a parameter that is difficult to control due to large manufacturing variations and temperature fluctuations. To reduce this on-resistance to a negligible level, the size of the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is increased. There is a need to. At this time, if the parasitic capacitance at the input node of the preamplifier increases, high-frequency operation becomes difficult.
- the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is connected between the emitter of the NPN transistor N1 and the ground voltage source PS2.
- the parasitic capacitance of the N-channel MOS transistor M1 cannot be seen from the input node of the preamplifier.
- the larger the parasitic capacitance of the N channel MOS transistor M1 the stronger the emitter of the NPN transistor N1 is grounded in the high frequency region. That is, the on-resistance of the N channel MOS transistor M1 can be reduced and the operation of the NPN transistor N1 in the high frequency region can be stabilized.
- the base-emitter capacitance of the NPN transistor N0 is Cbe0 and the base-collector capacitance is Cbc0
- a capacitance of Cbe0 + (1 + A) ⁇ Cbc0 can be seen from the input node.
- (1 + A) is due to the mirror effect.
- the capacitance of the NPN transistor N1 viewed from the input node only needs to consider the base-emitter capacitance Cbe1. Therefore, the influence of the NPN transistor N1 on the input capacitance of the preamplifier 101 can be suppressed.
- the preamplifier described in Patent Document 1 is configured to switch whether or not to shunt the output current of the avalanche photodiode for each bit of the optical input signal. For this reason, since a high-speed control loop is required, it is difficult to increase the bandwidth.
- the gain control circuit 1 calculates the average value of the level of the output voltage VAMP in the period of a plurality of bits of the optical input signal at the head of the burst signal. calculate. Then, the gain control circuit 1 generates the gain switching signal GSW based on the average value of the output voltage VAMP. In the subsequent burst signal section, the gain switching signal GSW may be fixed, and the control loop does not operate. Such a configuration eliminates the need for a high-speed control loop, and can easily achieve a wide band.
- NPN transistors N0 and N1 may be transistors other than bipolar transistors, and can be replaced with, for example, N-channel MOS transistors.
- the capacitor C1 may not be provided if the parasitic capacitance of the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is sufficient.
- the present embodiment relates to a preamplifier having improved circuit matching as compared with the preamplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a preamplifier according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a state in which N-channel MOS transistors M0 and M1 are on and N-channel MOS transistor M11 is off in the preamplifier according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the preamplifier 102 further includes an N-channel MOS transistor M0 and a capacitor C0 as compared with the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- N-channel MOS transistor M0 has a drain connected to the emitter of NPN transistor N0 and the first end of capacitor C0, a source connected to the second end of ground voltage source PS2 and capacitor C0, and a gate.
- a voltage for turning on the N-channel MOS transistor M0 is always supplied to the gate of the N-channel MOS transistor M0.
- the on-resistance can be reduced to some extent by increasing the size of the N-channel MOS transistor M1, but the on-resistance of the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is small. Thus, a potential difference is generated between the emitter of the NPN transistor N0 and the emitter of the NPN transistor N1.
- circuit matching is improved by inserting the N-channel MOS transistor M0 between the emitter of the NPN transistor N0 and the ground.
- the potential difference between the emitter of NPN transistor N0 and the emitter of NPN transistor N1 can be reduced, and fluctuations in characteristics due to variations in on-resistance of N-channel MOS transistor M0 can be suppressed.
- the present embodiment relates to a preamplifier in which the arrangement of gain switching transistors is changed as compared with the preamplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of a preamplifier according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a state where the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is on and the N-channel MOS transistor M11 is off in the preamplifier according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- N channel MOS transistor M1 for gain switching is arranged at the base node of NPN transistor N1. That is, the N-channel MOS transistor M1 includes a source connected to the base of the NPN transistor N1, a collector of the NPN transistor N1, a base connected to the base of the NPN transistor N0, and a first terminal of the feedback resistor RF, and a gain control circuit. 1 and a gate for receiving the gain switching signal GSW from 1.
- N-channel MOS transistor M11 has a drain connected to the source of N-channel MOS transistor M1 and the base of NPN transistor N1, and a source connected to ground voltage source PS2.
- the gain control circuit 1 calculates the average value of the level of the output voltage VAMP of the inverting amplifier circuit 2 over a period corresponding to a plurality of bits of the optical input signal.
- the gain control circuit 1 outputs the logic high level gain switching signal GSW to turn on the N-channel MOS transistor M1.
- the base potential of the NPN transistor N1 rises and the NPN transistor N1 is turned on.
- the bypass current ibps flows from the light receiving element PD to the ground voltage source PS2 through the NPN transistor N1.
- the detection current ipd from the light receiving element PD is divided into the input current iin to the inverting amplifier circuit 2 and the bypass current ibps.
- the NPN transistors N0 and N1 operate close to a current mirror circuit, and a current corresponding to the bypass current ibps flows from the collector of the NPN transistor N0 to the emitter.
- the gain control circuit 1 outputs a logic low level gain switching signal GSW to turn off the N-channel MOS transistor M1 and The MOS transistor M11 is turned on. Then, the base potential of NPN transistor N1 becomes the ground potential, and NPN transistor N1 is turned off. As a result, the detection current ipd from the light receiving element PD does not flow but flows to the inverting amplifier circuit 2 as the input current iin.
- the gain control circuit 1 detects the bottom value of the output voltage VAMP in a period corresponding to a plurality of bits of the optical input signal at the head of the optical input signal that is a burst signal, instead of the average value of the level of the output voltage VAMP.
- the logic level of the gain switching signal GSW may be determined based on the bottom value.
- the impedance Z1 of the bypass path viewed from the input node of the preamplifier 103 is expressed by the following equation.
- the base node of the NPN transistor N1 is a high-frequency line and is sensitive to parasitic capacitance. For this reason, it is difficult to increase the size of the N-channel MOS transistor M1.
- the on-resistance RON1 is 1 / (hfe1 + 1), and generally hfe1> 100.
- 1 / gm1 >> RON1 / (1 + hfe1) is satisfied, which can be approximated as Z1 to 1 / gm1. That is, since Equation (8) can be approximated to Equation (3), an effect close to that of the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention can be achieved.
- the N channel MOS transistor M1 when the N channel MOS transistor M1 is off, the N channel MOS transistor M11 is separated from the signal line of the preamplifier 103, that is, the path of the detection current ipd. The characteristics of the preamplifier 103 are not affected.
- the parasitic capacitance of the N-channel MOS transistor M11 affects the signal line of the preamplifier 103.
- the N-channel MOS transistor M11 can be a small size, this influence can be minimized.
- the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is turned on, the level of the optical input signal is large. Therefore, even if the band of the pre-amplifier 103 is reduced by the parasitic capacitance of the N-channel MOS transistor M11, the pre-amplifier 103 The effect on the characteristics of is small.
- the present embodiment relates to a preamplifier having an increased DC bias current as compared with the preamplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of a preamplifier according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the preamplifier 104 further includes a current source IS2 as compared with the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the current source IS2 is connected between the fixed voltage source PS5 and the collector of the NPN transistor N1.
- the current source IS2 receives the logic high level gain switching signal GSW and supplies a constant current Idc to the collector of the NPN transistor N1.
- the NPN transistor N1 in the preamplifiers 101 to 103 requires a DC bias current Ibias in the on state.
- the DC bias current Ibias is provided by the detection current ipd and the inverting amplifier circuit 2.
- the DC bias current of the NPN transistor N1 can be covered by the detection current ipd when the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is turned on and the gain of the preamplifier is switched to the lower one.
- the current source IS2 to the collector of the NPN transistor N1 Is supplied with a constant current Idc.
- the present embodiment relates to a preamplifier that enables multistage gain switching as compared with the preamplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of a preamplifier according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- preamplifier 105 includes gain control circuit 11 instead of gain control circuit 1, and N channel MOS transistor M1 similar to the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention. And a plurality of sets of capacitors C1. That is, preamplifier 105 includes gain control circuit 11, inverting amplifier circuit 2, NPN transistors N1 to Nn, N channel MOS transistors M1 to Mn, and capacitors C1 to Cn.
- the collectors of NPN transistors N1 to Nn are commonly connected to the anode of light receiving element PD, the base is commonly connected to the base of NPN transistor N0 and the first end of feedback resistor RF, and the emitters are N-channel MOS transistors M1 to Mn and Among capacitors C1 to Cn, the drain of the corresponding N-channel MOS transistor and the first end of the corresponding capacitor are connected.
- preamplifier 105 a plurality of bypass paths are provided, and multi-stage gain switching is possible.
- the gain control circuit 11 generates gain switching signals GSW1 to GSWn based on the output voltage VAMP, and outputs them to the gates of the N-channel MOS transistors M1 to Mn, respectively.
- N channel MOS transistors M1 to Mn flow bypass currents ibps1 to ibpsn, respectively, when on.
- multistage gain switching can be performed.
- the gain can be easily adjusted by adjusting the sizes of the NPN transistors N1 to Nn as compared with the configuration in which the multistage gain switching is performed by providing a plurality of feedback resistors connected in parallel.
- the preamplifier 105 includes a plurality of matching N-channel MOS transistors M0 corresponding to the N-channel MOS transistors M1 to Mn similar to the preamplifier according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Also good. Further, similarly to the preamplifier according to the third embodiment of the present invention, it may be configured to include a current source IS2 for supplying a DC bias current.
- the present embodiment relates to a preamplifier capable of continuously changing the resistance value of the bypass path as compared with the preamplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a preamplifier according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a state where the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is on in the preamplifier according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the preamplifier 106 includes a gain control circuit 12 instead of the gain control circuit 1 as compared with the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the gain control circuit 1, the gain control circuit 12 does not receive the reset signal RST. Further, the preamplifier 106 does not include the N-channel MOS transistor M11 and the inverter INV as compared with the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the gain control circuit 12 generates a gain control signal GCNT based on the average value of the output voltage VAMP and outputs it to the gate of the N channel MOS transistor M1 and the gate of the N channel MOS transistor M11. More specifically, the gain control circuit 12 continuously controls the on-resistance of the N-channel MOS transistor M1 by controlling the voltage value of the gain control signal GCNT continuously, that is, in three stages or more, based on the output voltage VAMP. To control. That is, as shown in FIG. 12, the N-channel MOS transistor M1 functions as a variable resistor.
- the emitter potential of the NPN transistor N1 that is, the base-emitter voltage can be controlled continuously, the mutual conductance gm1 can be controlled continuously.
- the preamplifiers 101 to 105 when the gain is switched, the DC potential of the output node changes. Due to this, if a reception error occurs during gain switching during communication signal reception, the preamplifiers 101 to 105 are not suitable for a communication system in which continuous signals are transmitted and received. On the other hand, it is suitable when the optical input signal is a burst signal and the power of the optical input signal can be different for each home-side device, such as a station-side device in a passive network. Since the gain can be determined and fixed at the start of burst signal reception for each burst signal, the gain is not switched during reception of the communication signal, and no reception error occurs.
- the preamplifier according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention in the state where the N-channel MOS transistor M1 is completely turned on, the same as the preamplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Amplification characteristics.
- the gain of the preamplifier 106 can be continuously changed by continuously controlling the gate voltage value of the N-channel MOS transistor M1, that is, the level of the gain control signal GCNT. Thereby, a continuous signal can be received satisfactorily. Further, by monitoring the level of the output node and forming a feedback loop for controlling the gain control signal GCNT, that is, the gate voltage of the N-channel MOS transistor M1 according to the level of the optical input signal, the characteristics of the N-channel MOS transistor M1 are formed.
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Abstract
Description
図13を参照して、特許文献2および3に記載の前置増幅器は、帰還抵抗RFの抵抗値を切り替えることにより利得を変更する構成である。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る光ネットワークの構成を示す図である。
図2を参照して、局側装置402は、光モジュール301と、PON受信部302と、PON送信部303と、通信制御部304と、上位ネットワーク受信部305と、上位ネットワーク送信部306とを備える。光モジュール301は、光受信部51と、光送信部52と、合分波部53と、端子T1~T3とを含む。光受信部51は、レンズ201と、受光素子PDと、前置増幅器101とを含む。光送信部52は、レンズ202と、発光素子203とを含む。PON受信部302は、後置増幅器54と、クロック/データ再生部55とを含む。
図3を参照して、前置増幅器101は、利得制御回路1と、反転増幅回路2と、差動変換回路3と、出力バッファ回路4と、NPNトランジスタN1と、NチャネルMOSトランジスタM1,M11と、コンデンサC1と、インバータINVとを備える。反転増幅回路2は、NPNトランジスタN0,NFと、帰還抵抗RFと、抵抗RLと、電流源IS1とを含む。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る前置増幅器と比べて回路のマッチングを改善した前置増幅器に関する。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る前置増幅器と比べて利得切り替え用のトランジスタの配置を変更した前置増幅器に関する。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る前置増幅器と比べてDCバイアス電流を増強した前置増幅器に関する。
図9を参照して、前置増幅器104は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る前置増幅器と比べて、さらに、電流源IS2を備える。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る前置増幅器と比べて多段階の利得切り替えを可能とした前置増幅器に関する。
図10を参照して、前置増幅器105は、利得制御回路1の代わりに利得制御回路11を備え、かつ本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る前置増幅器と同様のNチャネルMOSトランジスタM1およびコンデンサC1の組を複数備える。すなわち、前置増幅器105は、利得制御回路11と、反転増幅回路2と、NPNトランジスタN1~Nnと、NチャネルMOSトランジスタM1~Mnと、コンデンサC1~Cnとを備える。
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態に係る前置増幅器と比べてバイパス経路の抵抗値を連続的に変化させることを可能とした前置増幅器に関する。
Claims (11)
- 電流が入力される第1導通電極と、前記第1導通電極に結合された制御電極と、固定電圧源に結合された第2導通電極とを有する第1のトランジスタ(N1)と、
第1導通電極と、前記固定電圧源に結合された第2導通電極と、前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の制御電極に結合された制御電極とを有する第2のトランジスタ(N0)と、
前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の制御電極に結合され、前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の出力を前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の制御電極に帰還するための帰還抵抗(RF)と、
前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第1導通電極から前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の制御電極および前記帰還抵抗(RF)へ流れる電流と、前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第1導通電極から第2導通電極へ流れる電流との比率を制御するための可変抵抗素子(M1)とを備える増幅器。 - 前記可変抵抗素子(M1)は、前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第2導通電極と前記固定電圧源との間に接続されている請求の範囲第1項に記載の増幅器。
- 前記可変抵抗素子(M1)は、前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第2導通電極に結合された第1導通電極と、前記固定電圧源に結合された第2導通電極とを有する第3のトランジスタ(M1)であり、
前記増幅器は、さらに、
前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の第2導通電極に結合された第1導通電極と、前記固定電圧源に結合された第2導通電極とを有する第4のトランジスタ(M0)を備える請求の範囲第2項に記載の増幅器。 - 前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)のサイズおよび前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)のサイズの比と、前記第3のトランジスタ(M1)のサイズおよび前記第4のトランジスタ(M0)のサイズの比とが略等しい請求の範囲第3項に記載の増幅器。
- 前記可変抵抗素子(M1)は、前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の制御電極と前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第1導通電極および前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の制御電極との間に接続されている請求の範囲第1項に記載の増幅器。
- 前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)および前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)は同じ構造であり、
前記増幅器は、さらに、
前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の第1導通電極に結合され、前記帰還抵抗(RF)と同じ材料で形成された抵抗(RL)を備える請求の範囲第1項に記載の増幅器。 - 前記増幅器は、さらに、
前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第1導通電極に定電流を供給する電流源を備える請求の範囲第1項に記載の増幅器。 - 前記増幅器は、前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)および前記可変抵抗素子(M1)の組を複数備え、各前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第1導通電極および制御電極が前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の制御電極に共通に結合されている請求の範囲第1項に記載の増幅器。
- 前記増幅器は、さらに、
前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の出力に基づいて、前記可変抵抗素子(M1)の抵抗値を3段階以上に制御する制御回路(12)を備える請求の範囲第1項に記載の増幅器。 - 前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第1導通電極には、受動的光ネットワーク(501)において用いられる受光素子(PD)からの電流が入力される請求の範囲第1項に記載の増幅器。
- 光ファイバを備えた受動的光ネットワーク(501)において用いられる光モジュールであって、
前記光ファイバと光学的に結合された受光素子(PD)と、
前記受光素子(PD)に結合された第1導通電極と、前記第1導通電極に結合された制御電極と、固定電圧源に結合された第2導通電極とを有する第1のトランジスタ(N1)と、
第1導通電極と、前記固定電圧源に結合された第2導通電極と、前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の制御電極に結合された制御電極とを有する第2のトランジスタ(N0)と、
前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の制御電極に結合され、前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の出力を前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の制御電極に帰還するための帰還抵抗(RF)と、
前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第1導通電極から前記第2のトランジスタ(N0)の制御電極および前記帰還抵抗(RF)へ流れる電流と、前記第1のトランジスタ(N1)の第1導通電極から第2導通電極へ流れる電流との比率を制御するための可変抵抗素子(M1)と、
前記可変抵抗素子(M1)の抵抗値を制御するための制御信号を受ける端子(T2)とを備える光モジュール。
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JP4470744B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-20 | 2010-06-02 | パナソニック株式会社 | 高周波信号受信装置とこれを用いた電子機器 |
DE102005044679A1 (de) * | 2005-09-19 | 2007-03-22 | Vishay Semiconductor Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung zur Versorgung einer Photodiode mit einer Vorspannung |
US20080007343A1 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-01-10 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Tuning A Trans-Impedance Amplifier |
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2008
- 2008-06-17 JP JP2008158289A patent/JP5320841B2/ja active Active
- 2008-11-12 CN CN200880129926.3A patent/CN102067445B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-12 KR KR1020107028970A patent/KR20110038637A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-11-12 CA CA2727980A patent/CA2727980C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-12 US US12/999,010 patent/US8248165B2/en active Active
- 2008-11-12 WO PCT/JP2008/070594 patent/WO2009153892A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-11-12 EP EP08874708.4A patent/EP2290814A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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2009
- 2009-06-16 TW TW098120008A patent/TWI451691B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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JP2000305644A (ja) * | 1992-03-09 | 2000-11-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電流発生装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102067445A (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
CN102067445B (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
CA2727980C (en) | 2015-04-28 |
KR20110038637A (ko) | 2011-04-14 |
US8248165B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
US20110129224A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
JP5320841B2 (ja) | 2013-10-23 |
JP2009303159A (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
TW201008113A (en) | 2010-02-16 |
EP2290814A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
EP2290814A4 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
CA2727980A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
TWI451691B (zh) | 2014-09-01 |
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