WO2009140835A1 - 使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混凝土及其制造方法 - Google Patents

使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混凝土及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009140835A1
WO2009140835A1 PCT/CN2008/072832 CN2008072832W WO2009140835A1 WO 2009140835 A1 WO2009140835 A1 WO 2009140835A1 CN 2008072832 W CN2008072832 W CN 2008072832W WO 2009140835 A1 WO2009140835 A1 WO 2009140835A1
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Prior art keywords
concrete
self
microcapsules
repairing
epoxy resin
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PCT/CN2008/072832
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邢锋
倪卓
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深圳大学
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Application filed by 深圳大学 filed Critical 深圳大学
Priority to EP08874350.5A priority Critical patent/EP2277841B1/en
Priority to US12/863,659 priority patent/US8222323B2/en
Publication of WO2009140835A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009140835A1/zh
Priority to US13/385,659 priority patent/US8362113B2/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1018Coating or impregnating with organic materials
    • C04B20/1029Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B20/1037Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/06Quartz; Sand
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039Premixtures of ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00Use of pretreated ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/34Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
    • C04B2111/343Crack resistant materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/72Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to self-repairing concrete and similar building materials, and more particularly to concrete and similar building materials having self-repairing functions and methods of making same. Background technique
  • concrete As a representative of traditional building materials, concrete has the inherent advantages of high compressive strength, good durability and low cost. It is widely used in industrial and civil buildings, bridges, road engineering, underground engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, nuclear power plants, ports and oceans. Structures such as engineering, which are currently infiltrated into large-span structures, high-rise structures, giant structures and special structures, are the most widely used building materials. They have been in existence for more than 100 years. It is foreseeable that in the future concrete will remain an indispensable building material for the country's modernization. Due to the long-term use and the surrounding complex environment, the in-service concrete structure will inevitably produce micro-cracking and local damage, which will reduce the service life of the structure, and the heavy one will endanger the safety of the structure.
  • the self-repair of concrete cracks is accompanied by special components in the traditional components of concrete (such as shape memory Gold, liquid core fibers or capsules containing adhesives, etc., form an intelligent self-repairing system inside, which automatically triggers the repair reaction and causes it to heal when cracks or damage occur in the concrete material.
  • special components in the traditional components of concrete such as shape memory Gold, liquid core fibers or capsules containing adhesives, etc.
  • hollow fiber repair technology focuses on hollow fiber repair technology.
  • construction techniques such as concrete vibrating can disturb the design arrangement of hollow fiber capsules, and even lead to The rupture of the glass wall material, that is, the premature loss of the repair agent, does not achieve the purpose of repairing the concrete, affecting the process feasibility and self-repairability of the self-repairing concrete.
  • micro-cracks and cracks appear in a large number in the concrete structure, and the randomness is very large.
  • the self-repairing technique requires the repair capsule to be evenly distributed in the concrete structure.
  • hollow fiber capsules Due to the brittleness of hollow fiber materials, hollow fiber capsules cannot use the current process technology to ensure the uniform distribution of microcapsule materials in concrete, so that fiber capsules can only use special concrete materials in the microcrack self-repair process of concrete structures. Special processes such as self-compacting high performance concrete and flawless processes. These difficulties technically limit the effectiveness of hollow fiber capsules in self-repairing of concrete structures.
  • the surface properties of the hollow fiber capsules, wall strength, geometric parameters and dosage have an important influence on the repairing effect of the concrete.
  • the wall of the capsule fiber is smooth, and it is not easy for the concrete to form an effective phase interface, resulting in a decrease in the bonding strength of the concrete. Hollow fiber capsules are large in size and sometimes up to millimeter in diameter.
  • the present invention proposes a self-repairing concrete using polyurethane polymer microcapsules.
  • the polymer microcapsule concrete self-repairing structure is formed by a suitable group distribution ratio and process conditions.
  • the microcapsules contain an adhesive, and the wall of the adhesive encapsulating the adhesive is made of a polyurethane polymer material.
  • the mass ratio of the polymer material of the microcapsule to the core of the capsule is 100: 40-80, the microcapsule is ellipsoidal, the particle size is 10-500 micrometers, and the wall thickness is It is 1 to 10 microns.
  • the adhesive has good fluidity and bond strength, and may be a one-component adhesive, including: one-component polyurethane adhesive, silicone anaerobic adhesive, acrylate adhesive And a neoprene adhesive, etc., or a multi-component epoxy adhesive.
  • the multi-component epoxy adhesive comprises: bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, bisphenol S epoxy resin, isophthalic acid Phenolic epoxy resin, silicone modified bisphenol A epoxy resin or organic titanium modified bisphenol A epoxy resin.
  • the microcapsules are mixed with 0.1 to 5% of a hydrophilic surfactant, which is uniformly distributed in the concrete structure; and the hydrophilic surfactant comprises: sodium decylbenzenesulfonate One or more of polyoxyethylene, polyglycidol or polyhydroxy compounds.
  • the microcapsules contain 8-30% diluent, and the diluent chemical structure contains an epoxy which can improve the fluidity of the epoxy resin and react with the epoxy resin and the curing agent. base.
  • the diluent comprises: epoxidized propene, epoxidized methyl ether, epoxidized ethyl ether, epoxidized chloropropene, epoxidized propenol, propylene glycol, epoxidized octene-1 , styrene oxide, allyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, cresol glycidyl ether, dibromophenyl glycidyl ether, bromocresol glycidyl ether, vinyl ring Hexene monoepoxide, glycidyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxymethyl ether, ep
  • the curing agent reactive with the epoxy resin is of a low-temperature reaction type, which comprises: a linear aliphatic polyamine, a polyamide, an aliphatic polyamine, an aromatic amine, a modified multi-functional One or more of an amine, a polythiol, a urinary derivative, an imidazole derivative and an organic household derivative; the mass ratio of the curing agent to the epoxy resin is 12 - 35%
  • a low-temperature reaction type which comprises: a linear aliphatic polyamine, a polyamide, an aliphatic polyamine, an aromatic amine, a modified multi-functional One or more of an amine, a polythiol, a urinary derivative, an imidazole derivative and an organic household derivative; the mass ratio of the curing agent to the epoxy resin is 12 - 35%
  • a further technical solution of the present invention is a method for producing self-healing concrete using the polyurethane polymer microcapsules, comprising the steps of:
  • the present invention solves the technical problem that the prior art cannot solve the problem of self-diagnosis and self-repair of concrete microcracks.
  • a further technical solution is to provide a method for manufacturing a self-repairing concrete sample using polyurethane polymer microcapsules. Through the appropriate group distribution ratio, and process conditions, the self-repairing structure of the polymer microcapsule concrete and its surface and internal characteristics are precisely controlled to ensure the representativeness of the sample, so as to better evaluate the self-repairing structure. Concrete.
  • a further technical solution of the present invention is a method for producing a self-healing concrete sample using the polyurethane polymer microcapsule, comprising the steps of:
  • the microcapsules form a good interface with the concrete.
  • the process conditions, etc. to prepare the polymer microcapsule concrete self-repair structure.
  • the invention uses a diluent and a curing agent to act on the epoxy resin to form a polymer having good fluidity and high curing strength, and is effectively bonded on the crack surface to achieve the mechanical properties and use purpose of the recovered material.
  • the present invention uses a microcapsule material having good dispersibility and stability. After a typical concrete production process, the microcapsules are uniformly dispersed in the concrete matrix, and the microcapsule material does not break during the mixing and curing process. During the cracking process, the microcapsules release the binder under stress and repair the concrete.
  • the present invention provides a self-repair of a class of epoxy resin adhesives for use in concrete materials having the following composition: epoxy resin: 100, diluent: 10-30, curing agent: 15-35.
  • the diluent is added to the epoxy resin to reduce the viscosity of the material and increase the fluidity.
  • the modified epoxy resin is wrapped with a polymer material.
  • the curing agent can be used as it is or after being microencapsulated.
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing a repair agent microcapsule for a self-healing concrete material.
  • the microcapsule technology for self-repairing concrete composites is prepared by a chemical method, and a core material such as a repairing agent epoxy resin is wrapped to form a sealed capsule film.
  • a core material such as a repairing agent epoxy resin is wrapped to form a sealed capsule film.
  • the advantage is that after the microcapsules are formed, the core is wrapped and isolated from the external environment, so that it can be protected from external temperature, oxygen and ultraviolet rays. Under appropriate conditions, the broken core can release the core.
  • the microcapsules used for self-repair must have appropriate mechanical strength and heat resistance, and the active capsule material should have low viscosity, small coefficient of expansion after reaction, and high adhesive strength, which can ensure the composite molding process. It remains intact and can rupture under the microcrack front end stress or heat to release the core.
  • the present invention provides a polyurethane polymer microcapsule material having good dispersibility, which can be used for the manufacture of self-healing concrete materials.
  • the main components are:
  • Polymer microcapsules 100, surfactant: 0. 5-5.
  • the surfactant is added to the polymer microcapsule material and stirred by a mixing device.
  • microcapsule materials do not agglomerate and are evenly distributed throughout the concrete structure.
  • microcapsule materials can improve the fluidity of the concrete slurry.
  • the present invention provides a technique for preparing a concrete material having a self-healing function.
  • the main components are: Concrete: 100, polyurethane microcapsules: 1-15, water: 15-50.
  • self-repairing concrete materials were produced.
  • the crack stress causes the microcapsule to rupture, and the released core can flow to the crack surface by capillary siphoning of the microcrack, and polymerizes in contact with the curing agent in the matrix to form a high-strength polymer.
  • the object heals the crack surface to achieve the purpose of repairing the material. Compared with the initial state and the fracture state of the material, the mechanical properties are obviously restored, especially the bending strength.
  • the present invention provides a method of making a concrete material having a self-healing function.
  • the following process can be used to manufacture self-repairing concrete materials with uniform dispersion and stability of microcapsules, and the materials are not broken during mixing and curing.
  • the stirring in the step (3) of the manufacturing method for repairing the concrete structural material using the organic microcapsule according to the present invention is a slow stirring (100-300 rpm) and then a rapid stirring (700-1000 rpm).
  • the watering in the step (4) of the method for manufacturing a concrete structural material using the organic microcapsules according to the present invention is to gradually add the concrete slurry, vibrate, and eliminate the air bubbles until the concrete slurry is filled with the mold.
  • the step (4) of the method for manufacturing a concrete structural material using an organic microcapsule according to the present invention is added to the concrete slurry in three steps, each time 1/3 amount, until the concrete slurry is filled with the mold.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are that the concrete material containing the microcapsules has substantially no change or an increase in the flexural strength of the concrete material after undergoing the pre-destruction and solidification treatment of 8 MPa as compared with the corresponding concrete material.
  • the concrete strength of the concrete under the same conditions is significantly reduced.
  • microcapsules can produce self-repairing concrete materials, achieve self-diagnosis and repair of micro-cracks in concrete, prevent the expansion of the micro-cracks, maintain the mechanical structure of the building, and have great economic value and environmental value.
  • Example 1 The use of a diluent to improve the fluidity and bonding properties of the epoxy resin and improve the repair efficiency of the self-repairing concrete composite.
  • a diluent to improve the fluidity and bonding properties of the epoxy resin and improve the repair efficiency of the self-repairing concrete composite.
  • the tensile strength changes from 14. 0 MPa to 17.6 MPa, and the modulus increases from 223. 3 MPa to 334.
  • OMPa which proves that the addition of n-butyl glycidyl ether improves the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin.
  • FTIR analysis confirmed that the diluent was involved in the crosslinking reaction between the epoxy adhesive and the curing agent.
  • Example 2 Polyurethane was used as a capsule wall, and a core material such as a repairing epoxy resin was wrapped to form a sealed capsule film, and microcapsules for self-repairing concrete composite materials were prepared.
  • 10.0 g of urea was dissolved in 20. 0 g of 37% formaldehyde, and the pH was adjusted to 8.5 with triethanolamine, under stirring and at 70. The reaction was carried out for 1 hour under constant temperature of C to prepare a prepolymer.
  • 80-160 ml of distilled water was added, and 14. 0 g of epoxy resin was added in the embodiment 1, and the mixture was vigorously stirred for 20 minutes to obtain an oil/water emulsion having good stability. Adjust the pH to 4-5 with 2% sulfuric acid over a 2 hour period.
  • the reaction is carried out for 2 to 3 hours at a stirring speed of 300 to 1200 rpm and a reaction temperature of 50 to 80 ° C.
  • the product is subjected to cooling, washing with distilled water, drying, and the like to obtain a white microcapsule material.
  • the microcapsules have a spherical shape with an average particle size of 120 microns and a wall thickness of 3. 5 microns.
  • Example 3 The use of a surfactant to improve the flowability and dispersibility of a polymer material microcapsule used for the manufacture of self-healing concrete.
  • 1.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was added to 100 g of the high molecular weight microencapsulated epoxy resin material described in the patent, and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a powdery substance having good fluidity and dispersibility.
  • Example 4 Preparation of a self-repairing concrete sample using a polyurethane polymer microcapsule material. Weigh 38.0 grams of water, add 2.0 grams of polyurethane microcapsules, stir until the microcapsules are fully dispersed; pour water In the concrete mixing vessel, 100. 0 g of cement material is added; the process of stirring, vibrating and watering the workpiece is carried out; after standing for 1 hour, the mold is removed, and the concrete slurry overflowing on the mold is scraped off, and left for 24 hours; The samples were transferred to a concrete standard maintenance tank for 28 days.
  • the crack stress causes the microcapsule to rupture, and the released core can flow to the crack surface by capillary siphoning of the microcrack, and polymerizes in contact with the curing agent in the matrix to form a high-strength polymer.
  • the object heals the crack surface to achieve the purpose of repairing the material.
  • Example 5 A technique for preparing a self-repairing concrete material using a polyurethane polymer microcapsule material. Weighing 30.8 g of water, adding 5.0 g of microcapsules, stirring until the microcapsules are fully dispersed; pour water into a concrete mixing vessel, adding 60.0 g of cement, 20. 0 g of sandstone, 10 g of phosphorus slag powder And 10 grams of fly ash and other materials; mixing, vibrating and watering the workpiece; after standing for 1 hour, the mold is removed, the concrete slurry overflowing the mold is scraped off and placed for 24 hours; after the mold is removed, the sample is transferred The concrete standard curing box is maintained for 28 days.
  • Example 6 A method for preparing a self-repairing concrete by using a polyurethane polymer microcapsule material, which can produce a self-repairing concrete material in which microcapsules are uniformly dispersed and have good stability.
  • the microcapsule material used is not Broken.
  • the use of polymer microcapsule technology to prepare self-repairing concrete materials has good process operability, reproducibility of self-healing properties and the possibility of industrial application.

Description

使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混凝土及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及自修复混凝土及类似建筑材料, 尤其是涉及具有自修复功能的 混凝土与类似建筑材料及其制造方法。 背景技术
作为传统建筑材料的代表,混凝土其固有的优点是抗压强度高,耐久性好, 成本低, 广泛应用于工业与民用建筑、 桥梁、 道路工程、 地下工程、 水利水电 工程、 核电站、 港口和海洋工程等结构物, 目前又向着大跨结构、 高耸结构、 巨型结构和特种结构渗透, 是应用得最为广泛的建筑材料, 诞生至今, 已有 100 多年的历史。 可以预见, 将来混凝土依然是国家现代化建设不可缺少的建筑材 料。 在役混凝土结构由于在长期的使用过程中以及周围复杂环境的影响下, 会 不可避免地产生微小开裂和局部损伤, 轻者会降低结构的使用寿命, 重者则危 及结构的安全。 因此, 对于使用在结构中的混凝土裂缝的修复是一个长期困扰 着土木工程人员的技术难题。 对原材料、 配合比、 外加剂、 制造工序、 浇捣方 法和养护工艺等方面加以研究和改进, 这些方法并未从根本上改变混凝土的性 能弱点。 因此, 对在役结构出现的裂紋和损伤进行及时有效的修复成为科学研 究和工程应用中关心的重要问题。 由于地震、 风荷载、 冲击波等其它原因所造 成的宏观破坏, 可以通过肉眼发现并用传统的手工修复方式 (计划修复和事后 修复) 对裂紋进行修复。 在实际的混凝土工程结构中, 存在许多微小裂紋, 比 如基体的微开裂等, 这些微观范围的损伤由于探测技术的局限性有可能探测不 到。 因此, 要对这些探测不到的裂紋和损伤进行修复, 就变得非常困难, 甚至 不可能。 如果这些裂紋或损伤不能得到及时有效的修复, 不但会影响结构的正 常使用性能和缩短使用寿命, 而且还有可能由此引发宏观裂缝并导致结构脆性 断裂, 产生严重的灾难性事故。 因此迫切需要采用某种技术或方式, 能主动、 自动地对裂紋和损伤部位进行修复, 恢复甚至提高混凝土材料的强度以达到延 长混凝土结构使用寿命的目的。 现有技术无法完善解决混凝土微裂紋的自诊断 和自修复问题。
混凝土裂缝的自修复是在混凝土传统组份中附和特殊组份 (如形状记忆合 金, 含胶粘剂的液芯纤维或胶囊等), 在其内部形成智能型自修复系统, 当混凝 土材料中出现裂紋或损伤时, 自动触发修复反应, 使其愈合。
目前自修复混凝土结构研究集中在空心纤维修复技术, 虽然在实验室技术 中, 空心纤维胶囊证明了自修复混凝土的功能, 但是混凝土振捣等施工工艺会 扰动空心纤维胶囊的设计排列, 甚至会导致玻璃壁材的破裂, 即修复剂的过早 流失, 达不到修复混凝土的目的, 影响自修复混凝土的工艺可行性和自修复能 力的可重复性。在养化和使用过程中,微裂紋和裂紋在混凝土结构中大量出现, 随机性很大, 自修复技术要求修复胶囊均匀地分布在混凝土结构。 由于空心纤 维材料脆性的限制, 空心纤维胶囊不能够使用目前的工艺技术保证微胶囊材料 在混凝土中的均匀分布, 从而使纤维胶囊在混凝土结构的微裂紋自修复过程中 只能采用特殊混凝土材料和特殊工艺, 如自密实高性能混凝土和无捣工艺等。 这些困难从技术上限制了空心纤维胶囊在混凝土结构裂紋自修复工程的有效应 用。 空心纤维胶囊的表面性质, 壁材强度, 几何参数和摻量对混凝土的修复效 果有重要影响。 胶囊纤维壁材光滑, 不易于混凝土形成有效的相界面, 导致混 凝土的粘结强度降低。 空心纤维胶囊尺寸较大, 直径有时高达毫米级, 可以认 为在混凝土结构中引入修复剂的同时, 也不可避免地引入了缺陷, 降低了混凝 土自身强度和自修复效率。 空心纤维胶囊壁材玻璃强度较大, 混凝土微裂紋所 产生的应力, 可能难以提供足够的能量使空心纤维胶囊破裂, 因此使用该技术 有可能只能修复较大裂紋, 而对于混凝土结构的损坏 /断裂至关重要的微裂紋 的修复可能作用不大。 这就说明该方法在工程应用中尚有许多问题需要解决, 包括纤维胶囊耐久性、 修复时效性, 界面相容性, 修复可靠性和工程应用可行 性等问题。 微裂紋早期修复对于混凝土结构的耐久性是至关重要的, 所以使用 空心纤维胶囊技术不适用微裂紋的工程修复, 具有较大的局限性。
发明内容
为了解决现有空心纤维胶囊技术无法完善解决混凝土微裂紋的自诊断和自 修复的技术问题, 本发明提出了一种使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混凝土。 通过合适的组分配比和工艺条件等, 形成高分子微胶囊混凝土自修复结构。 本发明的技术方案是一种使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混凝土, 在混凝 土中掺入具有修复微裂缝功能的聚胺酯高分子微胶囊, 其混凝土质量配合比为: 混凝土 /微胶囊 /水 = 100 : 1 - 15: 15 - 20。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例, 所述微胶囊内含粘合剂, 其包裹所述粘合剂 的囊壁是聚胺酯高分子材料制成。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例, 所述微胶囊的囊壁高分子材料与囊芯粘合剂 质量比为 100 : 40— 80, 微胶囊为椭球形, 粒径为 10— 500微米, 壁厚为 1一 10 微米。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例, 所述粘合剂具有良好的流动性和粘结强度, 可以是单组分粘合剂, 包括: 单组分聚氨酯胶粘剂, 有机硅厌氧胶, 丙烯酸酯 胶粘剂和氯丁胶粘剂等, 也可以是多组分环氧类粘合剂。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例, 所述多组分环氧类粘合剂, 包括: 双酚 A型 环氧树脂, 双酚 F型环氧树脂, 双酚 S型环氧树脂, 间苯二酚型环氧树脂, 有 机硅改性双酚 A型环氧树脂或有机钛改性双酚 A型环氧树脂。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,所述微胶囊混有 0. 1— 5 %的亲水表面活性剂, 在混凝土结构中分布均匀; 所述亲水表面活性剂包括: 垸基苯磺酸钠, 聚氧乙 烯, 聚缩水甘油或多羟基化合物等的一种或多种。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,所述微胶囊含有 8— 30 %稀释剂,所述稀释剂 化学结构中含有能够改进环氧树脂的流动性并与环氧树脂一起和固化剂反应的 环氧基。 所述稀释剂包括: 环氧丙垸、 环氧丙垸甲基醚、 环氧丙垸乙基醚、 环 氧氯丙垸、 环氧丙垸、 环氧丙醇、 环氧化辛烯一 1、 苯乙烯氧化物、 烯丙基缩水 甘油醚、 丁基缩水甘油醚、 苯基缩水甘油醚、 甲酚缩水甘油醚、 二溴苯基缩水 甘油醚、 溴代甲酚缩水甘油醚、 乙烯基环己烯单环氧化物、 甲基丙烯酸缩水甘 油醚、 2—乙基己基缩水甘油醚和对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚等
加入稀释剂增加流动性, 加入固化剂可以达到与混凝土良好的粘结强度。 根据本发明的一个优选实施例, 与所述环氧树脂反应的固化剂, 系中低温反 应型, 其包括: 直链脂肪族多胺, 聚酰胺, 脂肪族多胺, 芳香胺, 改性多胺, 聚硫醇, 尿类衍生物, 咪唑类衍生物和有机户类衍生物中的一种或多种; 该固 化剂与所述环氧树脂的质量比为 12 - 35% 本发明解决现有技术无法完善解决混凝土微裂紋的自诊断和自修复技术问 题所采用的另一技术方案是提供一种使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混凝土 的制造方法。通过微胶囊表面性质的控制,使得微胶囊与混凝土形成良好界面。
本发明进一步的技术方案是一种所述使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复 混凝土的制造方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 称量足量的水, 加入适当比例聚胺酯高分子微胶囊, 轻微搅拌, 直 到微胶囊充分分散;
(2 ) 把水倒入水泥搅拌容器中, 加入相应质量的水泥;
(3 ) 对水泥浆先慢速搅拌, 后转为快速搅拌;
(4) 加入所需沙石等填充料后, 进行现场浇灌, 即分三步加入混凝土浆 体, 每次 1/3量为准, 进行振动, 排除气泡; 直到三次混凝土浆体加 满模具。
本发明解决现有技术无法完善解决混凝土微裂紋的自诊断和自修复的技术 问题所采用的进一步的技术方案是提供一种使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复 混凝土样品的制造方法。 通过合适的组分配比, 和工艺条件等, 制备精确控制 的高分子微胶囊混凝土自修复结构及其表面和内部的特性, 保证样品的代表性, 以便更好地整体性的评价自修复结构的混凝土。
本发明进一步的技术方案是一种所述使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混 凝土样品的制造方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 称量足量的水, 加入适当比例聚胺酯高分子微胶囊, 搅拌直到微胶 囊充分分散;
(2 ) 把水倒入水泥搅拌容器中, 加入相应质量的水泥;
(3 ) 对水泥浆进行先快后慢搅拌;
(4) 振捣混凝土后, 逐步或分步浇灌工件;
(5) 静置 1至 2小时后起模, 刮除模具上溢出的混凝土浆体, 放置 21至 26小时;
(6) 拆模后将样品转入混凝土标准养护箱, 养护 25至 31天。
本发明目的是提供具有自修复功能的混凝土及其制造方法。 通过微胶囊表 面性质的控制, 使得微胶囊与混凝土形成良好的界面。 通过合适的组分配比, 和工艺条件等, 制备高分子微胶囊混凝土自修复结构。
本发明使用稀释剂和固化剂与环氧树脂作用, 形成流动性好, 固化强度高 的高聚物, 在裂紋表面进行有效粘结, 达到恢复材料的力学性质和使用目的。
本发明使用具有良好分散性和稳定性的微胶囊材料, 经过混凝土典型生产 工艺, 微胶囊均匀地分散于混凝土基体中, 在混合和养护过程中微胶囊材料不 会发生破碎。 在裂紋过程中, 微胶囊在应力作用下释放出粘合剂, 对混凝土进 行修复。
在一个方面, 本发明提供了一类环氧树脂粘合剂应用于混凝土材料的自修 复, 其组分为: 环氧树脂: 100, 稀释剂: 10— 30, 固化剂: 15— 35。
其中稀释剂加入环氧树脂, 可以降低材料的粘度, 增加流动性。 改性后的 环氧树脂采用高分子材料进行包裹。 固化剂可以直接使用或者微胶囊化后使用。
在另一个方面, 本发明提供了用于自修复混凝土材料的修复剂微胶囊制备 方法。 通过化学法制备用于自修复混凝土复合材料的微胶囊技术, 将修复剂环 氧树脂等囊芯物质包裹起来, 形成密封性囊膜。 优势在于形成微胶囊后, 囊芯 被包裹与外界环境隔离,可使它免受外界的温度、氧气和紫外线等因素的影响, 在适当条件下, 破壁又能将囊芯释放出来。 用于自修复的微胶囊必须具有适当 的力学强度和耐热性, 活性囊芯物质应具备粘度较低, 反应后膨胀系数小、 粘 合强度高等性能, 这样既可保证其在复合材料成型过程中保持完整, 又能在微 裂紋前端应力或热作用下破裂释放出囊芯。 这些方法分别是:
采用聚胺酯包裹环氧树脂: 在恒温水浴中, 将 20. 0g 环氧树脂酯加入含有 4. 35g甲苯 -2, 4-二异氰酸酯 (TDI ) 的 18. 0g环己垸 (有机相) 中, 混合均匀 后, 将上述有机溶液加到 100ml含有 0. 5g乳化剂海藻酸钠 (SA) 的水相中, 进 行充分乳化, 搅拌速度为 500 r/min下, 乳化 5 min, 形成 0/W乳液。 向乳液中 缓慢滴加 100ml含有醇类物质的水溶液, 将水浴升温到 70°C, 并继续搅拌,反应 2-3h0成形成的浆液用 30%的乙醇冲洗以去除未反应的 TDI和壁材表面的硬脂酸 丁酯等残留物, 在室温下干燥 24h即可得到微胶囊。
在另一个方面, 本发明提供了具有良好分散性的聚胺酯高分子微胶囊材料, 可以用于自修复混凝土材料的制造, 主要组分是:
高分子微胶囊: 100, 表面活性剂: 0. 5— 5。 将表面活性剂加入高分子微胶囊材料中, 采用混合设备进行搅拌。 在自修 复混凝土材料的制备过程中, 这种微胶囊材料不发生团聚并在混凝土结构中分 布均匀。 另外, 这种微胶囊材料可以改进混凝土浆料的流动性。
在另一个方面, 本发明提供了制备具有自修复功能的混凝土材料技术, 主 要组分是: 混凝土: 100, 聚胺酯微胶囊: 1一 15, 水: 15— 50。
经过典型的混凝土工艺和裂紋产生实验后, 制得自修复混凝土材料。 在自 修复混凝土材料中, 裂紋应力使得微胶囊破裂, 被释放出的囊芯能通过微裂紋 的毛细管虹吸作用流至裂紋面, 与基体中的固化剂接触发生聚合反应, 形成足 够强度的高聚物愈合裂紋面, 从而达到修复材料的目的。 与该材料起始状态和 破坏状态相比, 力学性能有明显恢复, 尤其是抗弯强度。
在另一个方面, 本发明提供了具有自修复功能的混凝土材料的制造方法。 对 于含有有机微胶囊的混凝土配比, 采用如下工艺可以制造微胶囊分散均匀和稳 定性良好的自修复混凝土材料, 在混合和养护过程中材料没有发生破碎。
( 1 ) 称量足量的水, 加入适当聚胺酯微胶囊, 搅拌直到微胶囊充分分散;
(2 ) 把水倒入水泥搅拌容器中, 加入相应质量的水泥;
(3 ) 对水泥浆进行搅拌;
(4) 加入所需沙石等填充料后振捣混凝土, 浇灌工件;
( 5 ) 静置 1个小时后起模, 刮除模具上溢出的混凝土浆体, 放置 24小时;
(6 ) 拆模后将样品转入混凝土标准养护箱, 养护 28天。
本发明所述使用有机微胶囊修复混凝土结构材料的制造方法步骤 (3 ) 中的 搅拌, 是先慢速搅拌 (100— 300rpm), 后转为快速搅拌 (700— 1000rpm)。
本发明所述使用有机微胶囊修复混凝土结构材料的制造方法步骤 (4) 中的 浇灌, 是逐步加入混凝土浆体, 进行振动, 排除气泡, 直到混凝土浆体加满模 具。
本发明所述使用有机微胶囊修复混凝土结构材料的制造方法步骤 (4) 中的 浇灌分三步加入混凝土浆体,每次 1/3量为准,直到三次混凝土浆体加满模具。
本发明的有益效果是含有微胶囊的混凝土材料在经历了 8MPa的预破坏和固 化处理后, 与对应的混凝土材料相比, 其抗折强度基本不变或有所增加。 经过 相同条件的混凝土材料, 其抗折强度明显下降。 这些数据说明微胶囊材料在损 坏过程中释放出环氧树脂, 与固化剂在微裂紋中发生化学反应, 修复了破坏的 结构, 实现了混凝土材料的自修复功能。 所以, 使用微胶囊可以制造自修复混 凝土材料, 达到自行诊断和修复混凝土中微裂痕, 防止所述微裂痕的扩张, 维 持建筑物的力学结构, 具有极大的经济价值和环保价值。 具体实施方式
以下详述本发明的具体实施例。
实施例 1.使用稀释剂改进环氧树脂的流动性和粘接性能,提高自修复混凝土 复合材料的修复效率。 在环氧胶粘剂 E-51中加入 20 %固化剂十七垸基咪唑后, 再加入 20 %正丁基缩水甘油醚, 粘度从 8200mpa · s 降低到 200 mpa · s, 增加 了环氧胶粘剂流动性, 有利于毛细管虹吸作用发生; 拉伸强度变化从 14. 0 MPa 到 17. 6MPa, 模量从 223. 3MPa增加 334. OMPa, 证明正丁基缩水甘油醚的加入改 善了环氧树脂力学性能。 FTIR分析证明该稀释剂参与了环氧胶粘剂与固化剂交 联反应。
实施例 2.以聚胺酯为囊壁, 将修复剂环氧树脂等囊芯物质包裹起来, 形成密 封性囊膜, 制备用于自修复混凝土复合材料的微胶囊。将 10. 0克尿素溶于 20. 0 克 37 %甲醛中, 用三乙醇胺调节 pH值到 8. 5, 在搅拌状态下和在 70。 C恒温 条件下, 反应 1小时,制得预聚体。 加入 80— 160毫升蒸馏水, 加入实施方案 1 中 14. 0克环氧树脂, 强烈搅拌 20分钟, 得到稳定性较好的油 /水乳液。 在 2 小时范围内, 用 2 %硫酸调节 pH值到 4一 5。 在搅拌速度 300— 1200 rpm, 反应 温度 50— 80 ° C等条件下, 反应 2— 3小时。 产物经过冷却, 蒸馏水洗涤, 干燥 等步骤, 得到白色微胶囊物质。 该微胶囊呈现球形, 平均粒径为 120 微米, 囊 壁厚度为 3. 5 微米。
实施例 3. 使用表面活性剂改进用于制造自修复混凝土的高分子材料微胶 囊流动性和分散性。 将 1. 5克十二垸基苯磺酸钠加入本专利所述的 100克高分 子微胶囊化环氧树脂材料中, 经过搅拌 30分钟, 得到流动性和分散性良好的粉 末状物质。
实施例 4.使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊材料制备具有自修复功能混凝土样品。称 量 38. 0克水, 加入 2. 0克聚胺酯微胶囊, 搅拌直到微胶囊充分分散; 把水倒入 混凝土搅拌容器中, 加入 100. 0 克水泥材料; 进行搅拌, 振捣和浇灌工件等工 艺; 静置 1个小时后起模, 刮除模具上溢出的混凝土浆体, 放置 24小时; 拆模 后将样品转入混凝土标准养护箱, 养护 28天。
对自修复水泥材料进行抗弯强度测试和断裂形貌分析。 在断裂过程中, 有 机微胶囊大部分被应力破坏, 也有小部分在有机微胶囊 /混凝土界面分离。 有 机微胶囊与混凝土可以形成了良好的界面。 使用有机微胶囊的水泥复合材料, 与该材料起始状态和破坏状态相比, 抗折强度变化不大或者有所增加, 力学性 能有明显恢复, 证明有机微胶囊对于水泥结构中的微裂紋具有修复效果。 在自 修复混凝土材料中, 裂紋应力使得微胶囊破裂, 被释放出的囊芯能通过微裂紋 的毛细管虹吸作用流至裂紋面, 与基体中的固化剂接触发生聚合反应, 形成足 够强度的高聚物愈合裂紋面, 从而达到修复材料的目的。
实施例 5. 使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊材料制备具有自修复功能混凝土材料 的技术。 称量 38. 0克水, 加入 5. 0克微胶囊, 搅拌直到微胶囊充分分散; 把水 倒入混凝土搅拌容器中, 加入 60. 0克水泥, 20. 0克砂岩, 10克磷渣粉和 10克 粉煤灰等材料; 进行搅拌, 振捣和浇灌工件等工艺; 静置 1 个小时后起模, 刮 除模具上溢出的混凝土浆体, 放置 24小时; 拆模后将样品转入混凝土标准养护 箱养护 28天。
实施例 6.使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊材料制备具有自修复功能混凝土的方法, 可以制造微胶囊分散均匀和稳定性良好的自修复混凝土材料。
( 1 ) 称量足量的水, 加入适当比例聚胺酯高分子微胶囊, 搅拌直到微胶囊 充分分散;
(2 ) 把水倒入混凝土搅拌容器中, 加入相应质量的混凝土;
(3 ) 对混凝土浆进行慢速搅拌 (300rpm), 然后转为快速搅拌 (800rpm) 搅 拌;
(4) 逐步加入混凝土浆体, 每次 1/3 量为准, 进行振动, 排除气泡, 直到 三次混凝土浆体加满模具。
( 5 ) 静置 1个小时后起模, 刮除模具上溢出的混凝土浆体, 放置 24小时;
(6 ) 拆模后将样品转入混凝土标准养护箱, 养护 28天。
在混凝土材料混合制备, 固化和养护过程中, 使用的微胶囊材料材料没有发 生破碎。 采用高分子微胶囊技术制备自修复混凝土材料具有良好的工艺可操作 性, 自修复性能的可重复性和工业应用的可能性。
上述的详细描述仅是示范性描述, 本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明所保护 的范围和精神的情况下, 可根据不同的实际需要设计出各种实施方式。 例如, 根据实际需要设计略有不同的配比或具体步骤, 均属本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混凝土, 其特征在于:
在混凝土中掺入具有修复微裂缝功能的聚胺酯高分子微胶囊, 其混凝土质量 配合比为: 混凝土 /微胶囊 /水 = 100 : 1 - 15: 15— 50。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的自修复混凝土, 其特征在于: 所述微胶囊内含粘 合剂, 其包裹所述粘合剂的囊壁是聚胺酯高分子材料制成。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的自修复混凝土, 其特征在于: 所述微胶囊的囊壁 高分子材料与囊芯粘合剂质量比为 100 : 40— 80, 微胶囊为椭球形, 粒径为 10 一 500微米, 壁厚为 1一 10微米。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的自修复混凝土, 其特征在于: 所述粘合剂是单组 分粘合剂, 包括: 单组分聚氨酯胶粘剂, 有机硅厌氧胶, 丙烯酸酯胶粘剂和氯 丁胶粘剂等, 或者是多组分环氧类粘合剂; 所述粘合剂具有良好的流动性和粘 结强度。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的自修复混凝土, 其特征在于: 所述多组分环氧类 粘合剂, 包括: 双酚 A型环氧树脂, 双酚 F型环氧树脂, 双酚 S型环氧树脂, 间苯二酚型环氧树脂, 有机硅改性双酚 A型环氧树脂或有机钛改性双酚 A型环 氧树脂的一种或多种。
6. 根据权利要求 3 或 4所述的自修复混凝土, 其特征在于: 所述微胶囊预 混有 0. 1— 5 %亲水表面活性剂, 在混凝土结构中分布均匀; 所述亲水表面活性 剂包括: 垸基苯磺酸钠, 聚氧乙烯, 聚缩水甘油或多羟基化合物的一种或多种。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的自修复混凝土, 其特征在于: 所述微胶囊含有 8 一 25 %稀释剂,所述稀释剂化学结构中含有能够改进环氧树脂的流动性并与环 氧树脂一起和固化剂反应的环氧基。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的自修复混凝土, 其特征在于: 与所述环氧树脂反 应的固化剂, 系中低温反应型, 其包括: 直链脂肪族多胺, 聚酰胺, 脂肪族多 胺, 芳香胺, 改性多胺, 聚硫醇, 尿类衍生物, 咪唑类衍生物和有机户类衍生 中的一种或多种; 该固化剂与所述环氧树脂的质量比为 12 - 35%,
9.一种如权利要求 1至 8所述使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混凝土的 造方法, 其特征在于: 包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 称量足量的水, 加入适当比例聚胺酯高分子微胶囊, 轻微搅拌, 直 到微胶囊充分分散;
(2 ) 把水倒入水泥搅拌容器中, 加入相应质量的水泥;
(3 ) 对水泥浆先慢速搅拌, 后转为快速搅拌;
(4) 加入所需沙石等填充料后, 进行现场浇灌, 即分三步加入混凝土浆 体, 每次 1/3量为准, 进行振动, 排除气泡; 直到三次混凝土浆体加 满模具。
10. 一种如权利要求 1至 8使用聚胺酯高分子微胶囊的自修复混凝土样品的 造方法, 其特征在于包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 称量足量的水, 加入适当比例聚胺酯高分子微胶囊, 搅拌直到微胶 囊充分分散;
(2 ) 把水倒入水泥搅拌容器中, 加入相应质量的水泥;
(3 ) 对水泥浆进行先慢后快搅拌;
(4) 振捣混凝土后, 逐步或分步浇灌工件;
(5)静置 1至 2小时后起模, 刮除模具上溢出的混凝土浆体, 放置 21至 26小时;
(6) 拆模后将样品转入混凝土标准养护箱, 养护 25至 31天。
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