WO2009119730A1 - ポストハーベスト病害防除剤及びポストハーベスト病害防除方法 - Google Patents
ポストハーベスト病害防除剤及びポストハーベスト病害防除方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119730A1 WO2009119730A1 PCT/JP2009/056101 JP2009056101W WO2009119730A1 WO 2009119730 A1 WO2009119730 A1 WO 2009119730A1 JP 2009056101 W JP2009056101 W JP 2009056101W WO 2009119730 A1 WO2009119730 A1 WO 2009119730A1
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- acid ester
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- disease control
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/349—Organic compounds containing oxygen with singly-bound oxygen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/3508—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/3508—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups
- A23L3/3517—Carboxylic acid esters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a postharvest disease control agent and a control method for infection caused by wounds produced during harvesting of agricultural products and fruits.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4 specific post-harvest diseases such as citrus green mold and blue mold
- volatile bactericidal components such as mustard oil component and hinokitiol
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 conventional pesticides such as benrate wettable powder and top gin wettable powder may be used to prevent fruit rot after harvesting.
- post-harvest disease control agents there are imazalil, orthophenylphenol, sodium orthophenylphenol, diphenyl, thiabendazal, etc. It is considered unfavorable because there is a suspicion of risks such as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity (Non-patent Document 3)).
- Non-patent Document 3 Non-patent Document 3
- burning the wounds that occur during harvesting with heat leads to the prevention of post-harvest diseases, but there is a problem that the work becomes complicated and the cost is high. Therefore, there is a demand for a postharvest disease control agent that is effective for various postharvest diseases, has no problem in terms of food safety, and is inexpensive.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-111230 JP 51-63932 A Japanese Patent No. 1168037 Japanese Patent No. 1210679 www.mfc.co.jp/wasaouro/wasaouro/index.html www.fukuoka.com/nid/ www.pref.aichi.jp/shokuhinkensa/noyaku/boukabi.html
- An object of the present invention is to provide a postharvest disease control agent. Another object of the present invention is to provide a postharvest disease control method.
- the present inventor has already found that citric acid has a high control effect against banana crown lot disease, and that the control effect is further enhanced when citric acid is coated with sorbitan fatty acid ester or the like.
- the present inventor when coating citric acid with sorbitan fatty acid ester, etc., uses an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, particularly ethanol, and heats the mixture to a temperature at which citric acid melts.
- the varicella-like product obtained by the above method has been found to drastically improve the control effect against banana crown lotus disease and the like, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides the following post-harvest disease control agent and post-harvest disease control method. 1.
- At least one component (A) selected from the group consisting of glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitol fatty acid ester, and medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, citric acid, and alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- a post-harvest disease control agent containing, as an active ingredient, a liquid component obtained by mixing, heating, melting and then cooling. 2.
- the post-harvest disease control agent and control method of the present invention are safe for the human body, and can prevent fruit rot after harvesting economically and effectively without causing a load on the natural environment. it can.
- the present invention is characterized by using, as an essential component, a component that is highly safe for humans and animals that are also used as food additives.
- the component (A) of the present invention is glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitol fatty acid ester, or medium chain fatty acid triglyceride.
- the glycerin fatty acid ester of component A may be any of mono-, di-, and triesters, and the number of carbon atoms of the component fatty acid is preferably 8-20, more preferably 12-18.
- glycerin fatty acid esters include glycerin monooleate (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: trade name Riquemar OL-100), glycerin monodiolate (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: trade name Poem OL-200), and glycerin ditrioleate. (Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: trade name OL-95).
- the polyglycerin fatty acid ester of component A is an esterification product of polyglycerin and fatty acid in which about 2 to 10 glycerin molecules are polymerized, and the number of carbon atoms of the component fatty acid is preferably 8 to 20, more preferably 12 to 18.
- polyglycerin fatty acid esters include diglycerin laurate, diglycerin stearate, diglycerin oleate, triglycerin mono-diolate, tetraglycerin stearate, decaglycerin laurate, decaglycerin stearate, deca Examples thereof include glycerin / oleate, polyglycerin / caprate, polyglycerin / polyricinoleate, and polyglycerin / polyricinoleate.
- the component A sorbitan fatty acid ester may be any of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-esters, and the number of carbon atoms of the component fatty acid is preferably 8 to 20, and more preferably 12 to 18.
- sorbitan laurate manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: trade name Riquemar L-250A
- sorbitan oleate manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: trade name Poem O-80V
- sorbitan trioleate manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: And trade name Riquemar OR-85.
- the component A sorbitol fatty acid ester may be any of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-esters, and the number of carbon atoms of the component fatty acid is preferably 8 to 20, and more preferably 12 to 18. Specific examples include sorbitol mono- or dilaurate (Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: trade name Riquemar L-300), sorbitol mono- or distearate (Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: trade name Riquemar S-300W), etc. Is mentioned.
- the number of carbon atoms in the component medium chain fatty acid of the component A medium chain fatty acid triglyceride is preferably 8 to 12, and more preferably 8 to 10. Specific examples include C8 alone (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: trade name Actor M-2), a mixture of C8 and C10 (for example, 60:40 (Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: trade name Actor M-1)), etc. Is mentioned.
- the citric acid used in the present invention may be a monohydrate or an anhydride, but when an anhydride is used, it is desirable to use a sufficient amount of water to form the monohydrate.
- the monohydrate melts at 100 ° C. when heated. Citric acid is harmless to humans and animals and is used as a food additive.
- the post-harvest disease control agent of the present invention comprises at least one component (A) selected from the group consisting of glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitol fatty acid ester, and medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride, and citric acid And a liquid component obtained by mixing, heating, melting, and cooling an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms as an active ingredient.
- the mixing order of component (A), citric acid and alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is arbitrary, but after mixing, it is necessary to heat until citric acid is melted. Heating may be performed at 100 ° C. or higher, which is the melting temperature of citric acid.
- the mixture is heated to about 100 ° C. to 105 ° C.
- the heating is stopped and the mixture is cooled.
- the syrup product obtained in this way maintains a liquid state without solidifying even when stored in a refrigerator (4 ° C.).
- the ratio of citric acid, component (A), and alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms used is preferably 5 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight of component (A) with respect to 100 parts by weight of citric acid. It is preferably 3 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight, and most preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight of the alcohol, preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight and alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is for facilitating mixing of the citric acid and the component (A), gradually evaporates during the heating process, and is finally almost removed from the product.
- ethanol when ethanol is used as the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, it is not necessary to completely remove it.
- examples of the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, and propanol. However, it is most preferable to use ethanol that is safe as a food from the viewpoint of a post-harvest disease control agent used for harvested fruits and the like.
- the post-harvest disease control agent of the present invention may be used as it is, but with respect to 100 parts by mass, water, vegetable oil (eg, palm oil, soybean oil, etc.), etc., preferably 30 to 10000 parts by mass, More preferably, 100 to 10000 parts by mass can be added and stirred and mixed.
- the post-harvest disease control agent of the present invention is used for controlling diseases caused by infection from fruits such as bananas, mangos, papayas, mandarin oranges, avocados, and wounds produced during the harvest of agricultural products. Banana crown lot disease, mango shaft rot, papaya shaft rot, avocado shaft rot, and the like.
- the post-harvest disease control agent of the present invention is diluted without dilution or, if necessary, with the above-mentioned solvent, and the cutting that occurs when cutting a desired part of the target plant, usually at the time of harvesting or after harvesting the fruit What is necessary is just to adhere to the surface by an appropriate method (for example, brush painting, spray application).
- the amount is appropriately determined.
- the amount of the active ingredient (total amount of citric acid and component (A)) of the postharvest disease control agent of the present invention is preferably 10 to 500 g / m 2 , more preferably About 50 to 150 g / m 2 is appropriate.
- Parts is parts by weight unless otherwise specified.
- Example 1 Sorbitan fatty acid ester (sorbitan monolaurate, 5 parts) is heated to about 50 ° C to dissolve, ethanol (20 parts) is added to this, citric acid (80 parts) is further added, and the mixture is heated to 105 ° C. And stirred well to melt the whole. While stirring at 80 ° C., ethanol was removed to make a uniform liquid (water tank shape), and then cooled to room temperature. This liquid remains on the elutriation when cooled and does not solidify at 4 ° C.
- Example 2 To 80 parts of citric acid, 5 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester (AG-7520: triglycerol monodiolate) was dissolved in 20 parts of ethanol and heated at 100 ° C. until the citric acid was dissolved. Thereafter, it was gradually cooled to room temperature. Even at room temperature, a mixture of citric acid and polyglycerol fatty acid ester in the form of syrup was obtained. This liquid (water tank-like) did not lose its fluidity even in the refrigerator (4 ° C.).
- polyglycerol fatty acid ester AG-7520: triglycerol monodiolate
- Comparative Example 2 Polyglycerin fatty acid ester (5 parts) was dissolved in 20 parts of ethanol, 80 parts of citric acid was added thereto, and after stirring well, ethanol was removed with warm air (about 60 ° C.) to obtain a coating agent.
- the coating agent was a slightly moist powder.
- Test example 1 (banana crown lot disease control effect) Test method Commercial bananas were cut one by one and a new cut surface was made at the crown. Thereto was applied 0.1 g of the preparation of Examples 1 and 2 per 10 cm 2 of the cut surface. As a control, the preparations of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were kneaded with the same amount of distilled water, and 0.1 g per 10 cm 2 of the cut surface was applied. Crown Lot fungus cultured on PDA medium was cut out to about 5 mm square together with PDA medium and pasted so that the mycelial surface was in contact with the banana crown. Furthermore, it inoculated also to the ward which does not process a chemical
- Test example 2 (phytotoxicity test on banana) Test method Three commercially available bananas were clustered, and a new cut surface was created at the crown. Thereto was applied 0.1 g of the preparations of Examples 1 and 2 per 10 cm 2 of the cut surface. Further, the preparations of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were kneaded with the same amount of distilled water, and 0.1 g was applied per 10 cm 2 of the cut surface. Application was performed on the crown and fruit portions. As a control, a section of fruit where nothing was applied was provided. Five bananas were used in each section. After the treatment, the sample was kept in a wet chamber at 25 ° C., and after 7 days, the presence or absence and degree of phytotoxicity were evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 2. 0: No chemical damage 0.5: A slight change was observed on the drug application surface 1: The drug application site was discolored 2: The drug damage application site and its surroundings were discolored 3: The discoloration was remarkable
- Example 3 In Example 2, instead of citric acid, 10 parts by mass of water was added to 90 parts by mass of anhydrous citric acid, and ethanol and polyglycerin fatty acid ester were further added, followed by heat treatment in the same manner. A syrupy product similar to that of Example 2 was obtained.
- Example 3 heat treatment was performed in the same manner except that malic acid, phosphoric acid, or lactic acid was used instead of citric acid, but malic acid, phosphoric acid, or lactic acid did not dissolve, and was the same as in Example 2. A syrupy product was not obtained.
- Test example 3 Using the preparations of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, the banana crown lotus disease control effect was examined in the same manner as in Test Example 1. In the preparation of Example 3, the same control effect as that of the preparation of Example 2 was obtained, but in the preparation of Comparative Example 3 (three types), all had only the same control effect as that of the preparation of Comparative Example 2.
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Abstract
Description
現在用いられているポストハーベスト病害防除剤として、収穫後の果実腐敗などに用いられている防かび剤としては、イマザリル、オルトフェニルフェノール、オルトフェニルフェノールナトリウム、ジフェニール、チアベンダザール等があるが、発ガン性、催奇形性などの危険性の疑いがあり好ましくないとされている(非特許文献3))。
しかし、果実等にこれらの農薬を付着させることは食品の安全上好ましくない。さらには収穫時に生じる傷口を熱で焼くこともポストハーベスト病害の防除につながるが、作業が繁雑になりコスト高となるという問題がある。
従って、多種のポストハーベスト病害に有効であり、食品の安全性の点からも問題がなく、かつ安価なポストハーベスト病害防除剤が要望されている。
本発明の他の目的は、ポストハーベスト病害防除方法を提供することである。
本発明は以下に示すポストハーベスト病害防除剤及びポストハーベスト病害防除方法を提供するものである。
1.グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビトール脂肪酸エステル、及び中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の成分(A)と、クエン酸、及び炭素数1~3のアルコールを混合し、加熱、溶融した後、冷却して得られる液状成分を有効成分として含有するポストハーベスト病害防除剤。
2.クエン酸100質量部に対して、成分(A)を5~100質量部、炭素数1~3のアルコールを3~40質量部使用する上記1記載のポストハーベスト病害防除剤。
3.成分(A)が、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、及びソルビタン脂肪酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である上記1又は2記載のポストハーベスト病害防除剤。
4.炭素数1~3のアルコールがエタノールである上記1~3のいずれか1項記載のポストハーベスト病害防除剤。
5.上記1~4のいずれか1項記載のポストハーベスト病害防除剤を、収穫果実の切断面に塗布することを特徴とするポストハーベスト病害防除方法。
6.対象病害が、バナナクラウンロット病、マンゴー軸腐病、又はパパイヤ軸腐病である上記5記載のポストハーベスト病害防除方法。
本発明の成分(A)は、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビトール脂肪酸エステル、又は中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライドである。
A成分のグリセリン脂肪酸エステルとしては、モノ、ジ、トリエステルのいずれでも良く、成分脂肪酸の炭素原子数は好ましくは8~20、さらに好ましくは12~18である。グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの具体例としてはグリセリンモノオレート(理研ビタミン株式会社製:商品名リケマールOL-100)、グリセリンモノ・ジオレート(理研ビタミン株式会社製:商品名ポエムOL-200)、グリセリンジ・トリオレート(理研ビタミン株式会社製:商品名OL-95)、等が挙げられる。
A成分のソルビタン脂肪酸エステルとしては、モノ、ジ、トリ、テトラエステルのいずれでも良く、成分脂肪酸の炭素原子数は好ましくは8~20、さらに好ましくは12~18である。具体例としては、ソルビタンラウレート(理研ビタミン株式会社製:商品名リケマールL-250A)、ソルビタンオレート(理研ビタミン株式会社製:商品名ポエムO-80V)、ソルビタントリオレート(理研ビタミン株式会社製:商品名リケマールOR-85)等が挙げられる。
A成分の中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライドの成分中鎖脂肪酸の炭素原子数は好ましくは8~12、さらに好ましくは8~10である。具体例としては、C8単独(理研ビタミン株式会社製:商品名アクターM-2)、C8とC10の混合物(例えば、60:40(理研ビタミン株式会社製:商品名アクターM-1))、等が挙げられる。
成分(A)、クエン酸及び炭素数1~3のアルコールの混合順序は任意であるが、混合した後、クエン酸が溶融するまで加熱することが必要である。加熱は、クエン酸の融解温度である100℃以上とすれば良い。通常は100℃~105℃程度に加熱し、混合物全体が溶融し、水飴状になったら、加熱を止め、冷却する。こうして得られる水飴状の生成物は、冷蔵庫(4℃)に保存しても固化することなく液体状態を保持している。
成分(A)及びクエン酸の量が上記範囲外の場合には生成物が固化しやすくなる。
炭素数1~3のアルコールは、クエン酸と成分(A)の混合を容易にするためのものであり、加熱過程で徐々に蒸発し、最終的には生成物から殆ど除去される。しかし、炭素数1~3のアルコールとして、エタノールを使用する場合にはこれを完全に除去する必要はない。
また、炭素数1~3のアルコールとしては、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノールが挙げられる。しかし、収穫後の果実等に使用されるポストハーベスト病害防除剤としての観点から食品として安全なエタノールの使用が最も好ましい。
本発明のポストハーベスト病害防除剤は、バナナ、マンゴー、パパイヤ、ミカン、アボカド等の果実、農産物の収穫の際に生じる傷から感染が起こる病害の防除に使用される、具体的な対象病害としては、バナナクラウンロット病、マンゴー軸腐病、パパイヤ軸腐病、アボカド軸腐病等が挙げられる。
本発明のポストハーベスト病害防除剤は希釈することなく、あるいは必要により上記の溶媒に希釈し、対象植物の所望の部位、通常は収穫の際、あるいは収穫後の果実の切断の際に生じた切断面に、適当な方法(例えば、刷毛塗り、スプレー塗布)により付着させればよい。その量は適宜決定されるが、通常は本発明のポストハーベスト病害防除剤の有効成分(クエン酸と成分(A)の合計量)の量として、好ましくは10~500g/m2、さらに好ましくは50~150g/m2程度が適当である。
ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル(ソルビタンモノラウレート、5部)を50℃程度まで加温して溶解し、これにエタノール(20部)を添加し、さらにクエン酸(80部)を加え、105℃まで加温し、よく撹拌し、全体を溶融させた。80℃で攪拌しながら、エタノールを除去しつつ均一な液体(水飴状)とした後、室温まで冷却した。この液体は冷却しても水飴上のままであり、4℃でも固化しない。
クエン酸80部に対し、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル(AG-7520:トリグリセリンモノ・ジオレート)5部を20部のエタノールで溶解し、100℃でクエン酸が溶解するまで加熱した。その後、徐々に室温まで冷却した。常温でも水飴状のクエン酸とポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの混合物が得られた。この液体(水飴状)は冷蔵庫(4℃)でも流動性を失わなかった。
ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル(ソルビタンラウレート、5部)をエタノール20部に50℃で加温溶解し、これにクエン酸(80部)を加え、50℃で加温しながらコーティングした。エタノールは蒸発(温風:約60℃)させることにより除去した。クエン酸のソルビタン脂肪酸エステルコーティング剤はやや湿り気のある粉末状となった。
ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル5部を20部のエタノールに溶解し、これにクエン酸80部を加え、良く攪拌した後、温風(約60℃)でエタノールを除去し、コーティング剤を得た。コーティング剤はやや湿り気のある粉末であった。
試験方法
市販のバナナを1本づつに切り分け、クラウン部分に新しい切断面を作った。そこに実施例1および2の製剤を切断面10cm2あたり0.1g塗りつけた。対照として比較例1および2の製剤を同質量の蒸留水で練って、切断面10cm2あたり0.1g塗りつけた。そこにPDA培地で培養したクラウンロット病菌をPDA培地ごと約5mm角に切り取り、菌糸面がバナナのクラウンに接触するように貼り付けた。さらに、薬剤処理をしない区にも接種した。それぞれの区において、バナナを5本使用した。
接種後、接種面および果実全体が十分に濡れる程度に蒸留水を散水し、25℃の湿室に保った。7日後にクラウンロット病の発生程度を観察した。以下の評価基準に従って病害の程度を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
0:発病無し
0.5ごくわずかに発病に兆し有り
1:発病が認められた
2:病斑がクラウン全体に拡大
3:病斑がクラウンを超えた果実に到達
試験方法
市販のバナナを3本ずつのクラスターにし、クラウン部には新しい切断面を出した。そこに実施例1と2の製剤を、切断面10cm2あたり0.1g塗布した。さらに比較例1と2の製剤を同量の蒸留水で練って、切断面10cm2あたり0.1g塗りつけた。塗布はクラウン部分と果実部分に行った。対照として何も塗布しない果実の区を設けた。それぞれの区において、バナナを5本使用した。処理後は25℃の湿室に保ち、7日後に以下の評価基準に従って薬害発生の有無および程度を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
0:薬害無し
0.5:薬剤の塗布面にごくわずかな変化が見られた
1:薬剤塗布部位が変色していた
2:薬害塗布部位とその周囲が変色した
3:変色が著しい
実施例2において、クエン酸の代わりに、無水クエン酸90質量部に水10質量部を加え、さらにエタノールとポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを添加して同様に加熱処理した。実施例2と同様の水飴状の生成物が得られた。
実施例1において、クエン酸の代わりに、リンゴ酸、リン酸、又は乳酸を使用した他は同様に加熱処理したが、リンゴ酸、リン酸、又は乳酸は溶解せず、実施例2と同様の水飴状の生成物は得られなかった。
実施例3及び比較例3の製剤を使用して、試験例1と同様に、バナナクラウンロット病防除効果を調べた。実施例3の製剤では実施例2の製剤と同様の防除効果が得られたが、比較例3の製剤(3種類)ではいずれも比較例2の製剤と同様の防除効果しか得られなかった。
Claims (6)
- グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビトール脂肪酸エステル、及び中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の成分(A)と、クエン酸、及び炭素数1~3のアルコールを混合し、加熱、溶融した後、冷却して得られる液状成分を有効成分として含有するポストハーベスト病害防除剤。
- クエン酸100質量部に対して、成分(A)を5~100質量部、炭素数1~3のアルコールを3~40質量部使用する請求項1記載のポストハーベスト病害防除剤。
- 成分(A)が、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、及びソルビタン脂肪酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1又は2記載のポストハーベスト病害防除剤。
- 炭素数1~3のアルコールがエタノールである請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載のポストハーベスト病害防除剤。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載のポストハーベスト病害防除剤を、収穫果実の切断面に塗布することを特徴とするポストハーベスト病害防除方法。
- 対象病害が、バナナクラウンロット病、マンゴー軸腐病、又はパパイヤ軸腐病である請求項5記載のポストハーベスト病害防除方法。
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