WO2009099111A1 - 水素化異性化触媒及びその製造方法、炭化水素油の脱蝋方法、並びに潤滑油基油の製造方法 - Google Patents
水素化異性化触媒及びその製造方法、炭化水素油の脱蝋方法、並びに潤滑油基油の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009099111A1 WO2009099111A1 PCT/JP2009/051906 JP2009051906W WO2009099111A1 WO 2009099111 A1 WO2009099111 A1 WO 2009099111A1 JP 2009051906 W JP2009051906 W JP 2009051906W WO 2009099111 A1 WO2009099111 A1 WO 2009099111A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- molecular sieve
- catalyst
- ion
- mass
- hydroisomerization
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
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Abstract
Description
本発明の水素化異性化触媒は、10員環又は8員環からなる細孔構造を有し、外表面積に対する細孔容積の比([細孔容積]/[外表面積])が2.0×10-4mL/m2~8.0×10-4mL/m2であるナノ結晶からなり、有機テンプレートを含有するモレキュラーシーブを、カチオン種を含有する溶液中でイオン交換することにより得られるイオン交換モレキュラーシーブ若しくはその焼成物と、上記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブ若しくはその焼成物上に担持された、元素の周期表第8~10族に属する金属、モリブデン及びタングステンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属とを含む触媒組成物を焼成して得られるものである。
ブ1質量部~90質量部と、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ボリア、マグネシア及びジルコニアからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の多孔質酸化物99質量部~10質量部と、を含む担体組成物を成形し焼成して得られる担体、及び該担体上に担持された上記金属を含むことが好ましい。
次に、本発明の水素化異性化触媒の製造方法について説明する。
次に、本発明の炭化水素油の脱蝋方法について説明する。本発明の炭化水素の脱蝋方法は、水素存在下、炭素数10以上のノルマルパラフィンを含有する炭化水素油と、上記の本発明の水素化異性化触媒と、を接触せしめてノルマルパラフィンの一部又は全部をイソパラフィンに転化する工程を備える。
次に、本発明の潤滑油基油の製造方法について説明する。本発明の潤滑油基油の製造方法は、水素の存在下、炭素数10以上のノルマルパラフィンを含有する炭化水素油と、上記の本発明の水素化異性化触媒とを、下記式(I)で定義されるノルマルパラフィンの転化率が実質的に100質量%となる条件で接触させることを特徴とする。ここで、「転化率が実質的に100質量%」とは、接触後の炭化水素油中に含まれるノルマルパラフィンの含有量が0.1質量%以下であることを意味する。
1.モデル反応による触媒の評価
1-1.触媒の製造
1-1-1.ZSM-22型ゼオライトの製造
Si/Al比が30である結晶性アルミノシリケートからなるZSM-22型ゼオライトを、前述の非特許文献2の1007ページ、「Experimental Section」に記載の方法に準拠して、以下の手順で水熱合成により製造した。
溶液A:1.94gの水酸化カリウムを6.75mLのイオン交換水に溶解したもの。
溶液B:1.33gの硫酸アルミニウム18水塩を5mLのイオン交換水に溶解したもの。
溶液C:4.18gの1,6-ヘキサンジアミン(有機テンプレート)を32.5mLのイオン交換水にて希釈したもの。
溶液D:18gのコロイダルシリカ(Grace Davison社製Ludox AS-40)を31mLのイオン交換水にて希釈したもの。
上記で得られた4種のZSM-22の一部を取り、それぞれについて以下の操作によりアンモニウムイオンを含む水溶液でイオン交換処理を行った。
上記で得られた4種のZSM-22のそれぞれを石英管炉に充填し、窒素気流下に加熱して5℃/分の速度で400℃まで昇温し、そのまま6時間保持した。その後、流通する気体を酸素ガスに切替え、5℃/分の速度でさらに550℃まで昇温し、そのまま550℃にて一晩保持した。ここでは、窒素気流中、400℃での焼成により有機テンプレート中の主として水素が分解脱離して炭素状物質へと変換され、酸素気流中550℃での焼成により炭素状物質が酸化(燃焼)されることにより有機テンプレートが除去される。なお、このような2段階の焼成を行うことで、直接酸素気流中で焼成する場合に比べて有機テンプレートの燃焼により発生する水蒸気によるスチーミングの影響をより有効に排除することができると考えられる。
上記により得られた、「ZSM-22〔27〕IE」、「ZSM-22〔29〕IE」、「ZSM-22〔31〕IE」、「ZSM-22〔33〕IE」、「ZSM-22〔27〕C-IE」、「ZSM-22〔29〕C-IE」、「ZSM-22〔31〕C-IE」、「ZSM-22〔33〕C-IE」のそれぞれに対して、以下の方法により白金担持、及び成形を行った。
上記により得られた、白金を担持したNH4型ZSM-22のそれぞれ50mgを、反応に用いるマイクロリアクター(詳細は後述)に充填し、400℃にて酸素気流中で1時間焼成し、続いて水素気流中で1時間還元処理を行い、触媒の活性化を行った。
上記により得られた各触媒について、ノルマルデカンを用いた異性化反応により触媒特性の評価を行った。
反応は、前述の内径2.1mm、長さ30mmのステンレス鋼製管からなる固定床型マイクロリアクターを用いて行った。その最下部に50mgの触媒が充填される。また、マイクロリアクターには、触媒活性化用の酸素ガス及び水素ガス、パージ用の窒素ガス、そして反応原料であるノルマルデカン蒸気を含む水素ガスがバルブにより切り替えられて供給される。反応原料のノルマルデカンは、一定温度に加熱されたノルマルデカン蒸気飽和装置に水素ガスを通じることにより、水素ガスに同伴されてマイクロリアクターに供給され、反応は気相で行われる。また、反応生成物ガスは、マイクロリアクターの下流に設けられ、圧力が制御されたサンプリングバルブにより採取され、ジメチルポリシロキサンを固定相とするマルチキャピラリーカラムが備えられたガスクロマトグラフ装置(GC)に送られて分析される。
上記の反応装置においては、触媒の活性化及びノルマルデカンの反応に対して、ガスの選択、ガス流速、反応温度、各バルブの選択、反応生成物のサンプリング及びGCの操作等、一連の操作が行われる。基本的な操作は、まずマイクロリアクターに充填された触媒の活性化処理を400℃にて行い、系の窒素ガスによるパージ及びマイクロリアクター温度の150℃への変更の後、ノルマルデカン蒸気を含む水素ガスを導入し異性化反応を開始する。1時間後に反応生成物ガスを採取、分析し、反応温度を160℃に変更、再び1時間の安定化の後に反応生成物ガスを採取、分析する。以後、反応温度を10℃ずつ高め、反応温度300℃まで安定化、生成物の分析を同様に繰り返す。
水素存在下でのノルマルデカンの異性化反応は下記の条件により行った。
原料ノルマルデカン : 試薬(純度99%以上)をそのまま使用。
反応圧力 : 0.45MPa。
水素/ノルマルデカン比: 375モル/モル。
反応温度 : 150~300℃、10℃ずつ昇温
上記のノルマルデカンを用いた異性化反応から得られた、ノルマルデカン転化率(質量%)、C10異性体収率(質量%)の結果を図1及び図2に示す。なお、ノルマルデカン転化率及びC10異性体収率はそれぞれ、下記式により定義される。
2.ワックスの脱蝋による潤滑油基油の製造
上記により得られたZSM-22〔27〕IEを構成成分とし、バインダと共に成型した水素化異性化触媒を製造し、これを用いて石油由来のワックスの水素化異性化による脱蝋を行い、潤滑油基油の製造を行った。
2-1-1.ZSM-22〔27〕IEの製造
上記実施例1と同様にしてZSM-22〔27〕IEを用意した。
ZSM-22〔27〕IEと、バインダとしてのアルミナとを、ZSM-22〔27〕IE:アルミナの質量比が70:30となるように配合し、少量のイオン交換水を添加して混練し、さらに押出成型により直径約1.5mm、長さ約5mmの円筒状の成型体を得た。次に、この成型体を空気流通下に400℃にて3時間焼成した。
上記で得られた焼成された成型体に対して、テトラアンミンジクロロ白金の水溶液を初期湿潤法により含浸し、ZSM-22〔27〕IEの質量に対する白金の担持量が0.5質量%となるように、白金の担持を行った。さらに、この白金担持物を空気流通下に400℃にて3時間焼成して水素化異性化触媒を得た。
内径15mm、長さ380mmのステンレス鋼製反応管に上記水素化異性化触媒100mlを充填し、水素流通下(水素分圧3MPa)に触媒層平均温度350℃にて12時間還元処理を行って触媒の活性化を行った。
2-2-1.反応装置
上記の活性化された水素化異性化触媒が充填された反応管を備えた固定床連続流通式反応装置を用い、ワックスの脱蝋による潤滑油基油の製造を行った。上記の反応装置にはガスクロマトグラフが接続されており、これにより反応器出口における生成物を分析することができる。
ワックス原料として石油系ワックス(炭素数分布C20~C43)を用意した。
反応温度200℃、水素分圧3MPa、LHSV 2.0h-1、水素/油比500NL/Lの条件にて上記ワックス原料を通油し、水素化異性化反応による脱蝋を開始した。72時間反応後、反応生成物を採取、分析した。その後、水素分圧、LHSV、水素/油比はそのままに、反応温度を段階的に350℃まで高め、原料油転化率を増加させた。それぞれの反応温度にて72時間反応し、安定化したところでそれぞれの反応生成物の採取、分析を行い、次の反応温度へ昇温する操作を繰り返した。
反応温度330℃にて得られた生成油を、ナフサ、灯軽油留分とその他の重質留分(沸点330℃以上)に分留した。得られた重質留分にはノルマルパラフィンは検出されなかった。この重質留分をさらに分留することで、沸点範囲が330~410℃、100℃における動粘度が2.7±0.1cStである潤滑油基油留分、及び、沸点範囲が410~450℃、100℃における動粘度が4.0±0.1cStである潤滑油基油留分を得た。両留分の収率はそれぞれ原料油対比で30%および45%であった。沸点範囲が410~450℃である留分の流動点は-27.5℃、粘度指数は142であった。
Claims (14)
- 10員環又は8員環からなる細孔構造を有し、外表面積に対する細孔容積の比([細孔容積]/[外表面積])が2.0×10-4mL/m2~8.0×10-4mL/m2であるナノ結晶からなり、有機テンプレートを含有するモレキュラーシーブを、カチオン種を含有する溶液中でイオン交換することにより得られるイオン交換モレキュラーシーブ若しくはその焼成物と、
前記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブ若しくはその焼成物上に担持された、元素の周期表第8~10族に属する金属、モリブデン及びタングステンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属と、
を含む触媒組成物、を焼成して得られる水素化異性化触媒。 - 前記有機テンプレートを含有するモレキュラーシーブが、ZSM-22、ZSM-23、ZSM-48型ゼオライトである、請求項1に記載の水素化異性化触媒。
- 前記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブが、前記有機テンプレートを含有するモレキュラーシーブをアンモニウムイオン又はプロトンの存在下でイオン交換することにより得られるものである、請求項1又は2に記載の水素化異性化触媒。
- 前記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブが、水を主たる溶媒としカチオン種を含有する溶液中で前記有機テンプレートを含有するモレキュラーシーブをイオン交換することにより得られるものである、請求項1~3のうちのいずれか一項に記載の水素化異性化触媒。
- 前記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブが、前記溶液を1回又は2回以上新しいものに交換して前記有機テンプレートを含有するモレキュラーシーブをイオン交換することにより得られるものである、請求項1~4のうちのいずれか一項に記載の水素化異性化触媒。
- 前記触媒組成物が、前記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブ若しくはその焼成物上に担持された白金及び/又はパラジウムを含む、請求項1~5のうちのいずれか一項に記載の水素化異性化触媒。
- 前記触媒組成物を、分子状酸素を含む雰囲気下で焼成した後、分子状水素を含む雰囲気下で還元することにより得られる、請求項1~6のうちのいずれか一項に記載の水素化異性化触媒。
- 前記触媒組成物が、前記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブ若しくはその焼成物1質量部~90質量部と、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ボリア、マグネシア及びジルコニアからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の多孔質酸化物99質量部~10質量部と、を含む、請求項1~7のうちのいずれか一項に記載の水素化異性化触媒。
- 前記触媒組成物が、前記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブ1質量部~90質量部と、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ボリア、マグネシア及びジルコニアからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の多孔質酸化物99質量部~10質量部と、を含む担体組成物、を焼成して得られる担体、及び該担体上に担持された前記金属、を含む、請求項1~8のうちのいずれか一項に記載の水素化異性化触媒。
- 10員環又は8員環からなる細孔構造を有し、外表面積に対する細孔容積の比([細孔容積]/[外表面積])が2.0×10-4mL/m2~8.0×10-4mL/m2であるナノ結晶からなり、有機テンプレートを含有するモレキュラーシーブを水熱合成する工程aと、
前記有機テンプレートを含有するモレキュラーシーブを、カチオン種を含有する溶液中でイオン交換することによりイオン交換モレキュラーシーブを得る工程bと、
前記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブ若しくはその焼成物に、元素の周期表第8~10族に属する金属、モリブデン及びタングステンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属を担持して触媒組成物を得る工程cと、
前記触媒組成物を焼成する工程dと、
を備える、水素化異性化触媒の製造方法。 - 前記工程cにおいて、前記イオン交換モレキュラーシーブ1質量部~90質量部と、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ボリア、マグネシア及びジルコニアからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の多孔質酸化物99質量部~10質量部と、を含む担体組成物、を焼成して得られる担体に、元素の周期表第8~10族に属する金属、モリブデン及びタングステンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属、を担持して前記触媒組成物を得る、請求項10に記載の水素化異性化触媒の製造方法。
- 水素の存在下、炭素数10以上のノルマルパラフィンを含有する炭化水素油と、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の水素化異性化触媒と、を接触せしめて、前記ノルマルパラフィンの一部又は全部をイソパラフィンに転化する、炭化水素油の脱蝋方法。
- 前記炭化水素油が、スラックワックス、脱油蝋、パラフィンワックス、マイクロクリスタリンワックス、ペトラタム及びフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成ワックスからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である、請求項12に記載の炭化水素油の脱蝋方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2009099111A1 (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
CN101939102B (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
EP2248585A4 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
US9518232B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 |
AU2009211658A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
EP2248585A1 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
US20110042267A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
RU2465959C2 (ru) | 2012-11-10 |
RU2010137351A (ru) | 2012-03-20 |
AU2009211658B2 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
KR101528791B1 (ko) | 2015-06-15 |
KR20100127771A (ko) | 2010-12-06 |
CN101939102A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
TW200950883A (en) | 2009-12-16 |
JP5981685B2 (ja) | 2016-08-31 |
TWI454313B (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
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