WO2013147181A1 - 潤滑油基油の製造方法 - Google Patents
潤滑油基油の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013147181A1 WO2013147181A1 PCT/JP2013/059587 JP2013059587W WO2013147181A1 WO 2013147181 A1 WO2013147181 A1 WO 2013147181A1 JP 2013059587 W JP2013059587 W JP 2013059587W WO 2013147181 A1 WO2013147181 A1 WO 2013147181A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
- C10G45/60—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/64—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
- C10G65/043—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a change in the structural skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
- C10G2300/1062—Lubricating oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
- C10M2203/065—Well-defined aromatic compounds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/015—Distillation range
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a lubricating base oil.
- lubricating oil, light oil, jet fuel, etc. are products in which fluidity at low temperatures is regarded as important. Therefore, the base oils used in these products have wax components such as normal paraffin and slightly branched isoparaffin that cause a decrease in low-temperature fluidity completely or partially removed, or wax. It is desirable to be converted to something other than ingredients.
- a dewaxing technique for removing the wax component from the hydrocarbon oil for example, a method of extracting the wax component with a solvent such as liquefied propane or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is known.
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- a catalyst containing a molecular sieve made of a solid acid, especially zeolite or the like, and a metal belonging to Group 8 to Group 10 or Group 6 of the periodic table, particularly on the molecular sieve is used.
- a catalyst having a metal supported thereon see, for example, Patent Document 1 below.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a lubricating base oil capable of efficiently producing a heavy lubricating base oil.
- the method for producing a lubricating base oil of the present invention comprises a heavy hydrocarbon oil containing normal paraffin having a boiling point of 470 ° C. or higher, a light hydrocarbon oil containing normal paraffin having a boiling point of 330 ° C. or higher and lower than 470 ° C., And a step of bringing a base oil feedstock obtained by mixing with a hydroisomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- the boiling point means a value at normal pressure (101.325 kPa).
- heavy hydrocarbons are obtained by isomerizing and dewaxing a base oil feedstock obtained by mixing the specific light hydrocarbon oil with the specific heavy hydrocarbon oil.
- the reaction temperature required for the oil isomerization reaction can be lowered, and the yield of the lubricating base oil corresponding to the heavy hydrocarbon oil can be improved.
- the reaction temperature required for the isomerization reaction of heavy hydrocarbon oil is the same as the reaction temperature required for isomerization dewaxing of heavy hydrocarbon oil alone, and light hydrocarbon oil is isomerized and dewaxed alone. Sometimes it can be lower than the arithmetic average with the required reaction temperature. For these reasons, the present inventors believe that the presence of light hydrocarbon oil in the feedstock improves the contact efficiency between the feedstock and the catalyst, and the isomerization reaction proceeds efficiently.
- the reaction temperature in the isomerization dewaxing of heavy hydrocarbon oil can be lowered.
- the adjustment time of the reaction temperature when performing low isomerization dewaxing can be shortened. Thereby, the manufacturing efficiency in manufacture of the lubricating base oil from which oil types differ can be improved.
- the heavy hydrocarbon oil has a boiling point of 470 ° C. or higher, and the light hydrocarbon oil has a boiling point of less than 470 ° C.
- the content of the light hydrocarbon oil is preferably 10 parts by volume or more and 40 parts by volume or less when the total amount of the base oil feedstock is 100 parts by volume.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst includes a carrier containing molecular sieves, and a metal belonging to Groups 8, 9, and 10 of the periodic table carried on the carrier. It is preferable that the catalyst composition is obtained by firing a catalyst composition containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst has a high isomerization selectivity in that a support containing zeolite having a 10-membered one-dimensional pore structure, platinum and / or palladium supported on the support,
- the amount of carbon contained in the hydroisomerization catalyst is preferably 0.4 to 3.5% by mass.
- the amount of carbon of the hydroisomerization catalyst is calculated by analysis by combustion in an oxygen stream-infrared absorption method. Specifically, using a carbon / sulfur analyzer (for example, EMIA-920V manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.), the catalyst is burned in an oxygen stream, and the amount of carbon is quantified by an infrared absorption method.
- a carbon / sulfur analyzer for example, EMIA-920V manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst having the above carbon amount has a micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst of 0.02 to 0.12 cc / g, and is a unit of zeolite contained in the catalyst.
- the micropore volume per mass is preferably 0.01 to 0.12 cc / g.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst described above is an organic template-containing zeolite containing an organic template and having a 10-membered one-dimensional pore structure, ammonium ions and / or protons, in that high isomerization selectivity can be obtained.
- a first step of obtaining a support precursor by heating a mixture containing an ion-exchanged zeolite obtained by ion exchange in a solution containing the binder and a binder at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. in a N 2 atmosphere;
- a catalyst precursor containing a platinum salt and / or palladium salt as a precursor is calcined at a temperature of 350 to 400 ° C. in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen, and platinum and / or palladium is supported on a support containing zeolite.
- the micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst is calculated by a method called nitrogen adsorption measurement. That is, for the catalyst, the physical adsorption / desorption isotherm of nitrogen measured at the liquid nitrogen temperature ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) is analyzed. Specifically, the adsorption isotherm of nitrogen measured at the liquid nitrogen temperature ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) By analyzing by the ⁇ plot method, the micropore volume per unit mass of the catalyst is calculated. The micropore volume per unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst is also calculated by the above nitrogen adsorption measurement.
- micropore refers to “a pore having a diameter of 2 nm or less” defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a production system in which the method for producing a lubricating base oil according to this embodiment is implemented.
- the production system 100 includes a first fractionator 10, a light hydrocarbon oil storage tank 20, a first heavy hydrocarbon oil storage tank 30, a second heavy hydrocarbon oil storage tank 40, a hydroisomerization apparatus 50, a hydrogenation A processing device 60, a second rectifying column 65, and a third rectifying column 70 are provided.
- the first rectifying column 10 is connected to a line L1 for supplying the first rectifying column 10 with a wax fraction as a raw material for the lubricating base oil.
- the light hydrocarbon oil, the first heavy hydrocarbon oil, and the second heavy hydrocarbon oil fractionated in the first fractionator 10 are respectively mixed with the light hydrocarbon oil.
- Lines L2, L3 and L4 for transferring to the storage tank 20, the first heavy hydrocarbon oil storage tank 30 and the second heavy hydrocarbon oil storage tank 40 are connected.
- Lines L12, 13 and 14 for transferring the hydrocarbon oil stored in the light hydrocarbon oil storage tank 20, the first heavy hydrocarbon oil storage tank 30 and the second heavy hydrocarbon oil storage tank 40 to the subsequent stage. are connected to each other.
- the lines L12, 13 and 14 are connected to the line 15, and a mixed oil obtained by mixing a predetermined hydrocarbon oil at a predetermined ratio can be supplied to the hydroisomerization apparatus 50 via the line 15.
- the hydroisomerization apparatus 50 is connected to a line L16 for transferring the product oil obtained by hydroisomerization to the hydroprocessing apparatus 60.
- the hydrotreating apparatus 60 is connected to a line L17 for transferring the product oil that has been subjected to hydrofinishing to the second rectifying column 65.
- the second rectifying column 65 is connected to lines L18, L19, and L20 for taking out the naphtha fraction, kerosene fraction, and lubricating oil fraction fractionated in the second rectifying column 65.
- the line L ⁇ b> 20 is connected to the third rectifying tower 70, and the lubricating oil fraction can be supplied to the third rectifying tower 70.
- the third rectifying tower 70 is connected to lines L22, L23, and L24 for taking out various lubricating base oils fractionated in the third rectifying tower 70.
- the “line” means a pipe for transferring a fluid.
- the manufacturing method of the lubricating base oil according to this embodiment using the manufacturing system 100 will be described.
- the method according to this embodiment includes the following steps S1 to S5.
- step S1 the wax fraction is fractionated into heavy hydrocarbon oil and light hydrocarbon oil in the first rectifying tower 10.
- the wax fraction is fractionated into a first heavy hydrocarbon oil, a second heavy hydrocarbon oil and a light hydrocarbon oil that are heavier than the first heavy hydrocarbon oil.
- step S2 in the hydroisomerization apparatus 50, a heavy hydrocarbon oil containing normal paraffin having a boiling point of 470 ° C. or more, a light hydrocarbon oil containing normal paraffin having a boiling point of 330 ° C. or more and less than 470 ° C., Is mixed with a hydroisomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- step S3 the hydrotreating apparatus 60 hydrofinishes the product oil obtained from the hydroisomerization apparatus 50.
- step S4 in the second rectifying column 65, the product oil hydrofinished by the hydrotreating apparatus 60 is fractionated into a naphtha fraction, a kerosene oil fraction, and a lubricating oil fraction by atmospheric distillation.
- step S5 in the third rectifying tower 70, the lubricating oil fraction obtained as the bottom oil in the second rectifying tower 65 is fractionated into various lubricating oil base oils.
- the heavy hydrocarbon oil and the light hydrocarbon oil can be obtained, for example, by fractionating a wax fraction having a boiling point of 330 ° C. or higher containing normal paraffin as a component.
- Examples of the raw oil for obtaining a wax fraction having a boiling point of 330 ° C. or higher include, for example, atmospheric residual oil, heavy gas oil, vacuum gas oil, vacuum residue, lubricating oil raffinate, bright stock, slack wax (crude wax), wax Examples include sewage oil, deoiled wax, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, petrolatum, synthetic oil, FT synthetic oil, FT synthetic wax, high pour point polyolefin, and linear ⁇ -olefin wax. In particular, it is preferable to use atmospheric residue, vacuum gas oil, vacuum residue, slack wax, FT synthetic oil, or FT synthetic wax. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- these oils have been subjected to hydrotreatment or mild hydrocracking.
- hydrotreatment or mild hydrocracking substances that reduce the activity of hydroisomerization catalysts such as sulfur-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds, and substances that lower the viscosity index of lubricating base oils such as aromatic hydrocarbons and naphthenic hydrocarbons It can be reduced or eliminated.
- the raw material oil contains 20% by volume or more of a light fraction having a boiling point of 330 ° C. or lower, it is preferably subjected to an atmospheric distillation column to remove the light fraction having a boiling point of 330 ° C. or lower.
- a light hydrocarbon oil composed of a fraction of 330 ° C. or more and less than 470 ° C. and a first heavy hydrocarbon oil composed of a fraction of 470 ° C. or more and less than 520 ° C. are obtained from the middle of the rectification column by vacuum distillation.
- Three fractions are obtained by extracting the second heavy hydrocarbon oil consisting of a fraction at 520 ° C. or higher from the bottom of the column.
- these fractions are obtained from the first heavy hydrocarbon oil and light hydrocarbon oil, the second heavy hydrocarbon oil and light hydrocarbon oil, or the first heavy hydrocarbon oil.
- a second heavy hydrocarbon oil and a light hydrocarbon oil, respectively, are mixed and subjected to hydroisomerization treatment.
- the combination of the heavy hydrocarbon and the light hydrocarbon oil used in the present invention is not limited to the above, and can be appropriately changed depending on the target lubricating base oil.
- T5 is preferably 480 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 490 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of preventing the low-boiling component from significantly overlapping the final base oil.
- T95 is preferably 460 ° C. or lower, more preferably 450 ° C. or lower, from the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of distillation by reducing the overlap component with the heavy fraction.
- the mixing ratio of the heavy hydrocarbon and the light hydrocarbon oil is such that the content of the light hydrocarbon oil is 10 parts by volume or more and 40 parts by volume or less when the total amount of the base oil feedstock is 100 parts by volume. Preferably, it is 20 to 40 parts by volume.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst used in this embodiment is composed of a carrier containing molecular sieves, a metal belonging to Groups 8, 9, and 10 of the periodic table, molybdenum and tungsten supported on the carrier. And a catalyst containing at least one metal selected from the group.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst comprises an ion exchange molecular sieve obtained by ion exchange of a molecular sieve containing an organic template in a solution, and the ion exchange molecular sieve.
- Calcining a catalyst composition comprising a metal belonging to Groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten, It is preferable to be obtained.
- the molecular sieve containing the organic template that is the raw material of the ion-exchange molecular sieve is not particularly limited as long as it is hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of the organic template (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “synthetic molecular sieve”).
- the synthetic molecular sieve is preferably zeolite.
- the zeolite preferably has a pore structure consisting of a 10-membered ring or an 8-membered ring from the viewpoint of achieving a high level of both high isomerization activity and suppressed decomposition activity in the isomerization reaction of normal paraffin.
- Specific examples of such zeolite include AEL, EUO, FER, HEU, MEL, MFI, NES, TON, MTT, WEI, * MRE and SSZ-32 having a pore structure consisting of a 10-membered ring, and 8 Examples include ANA, CHA, ERI, GIS, KFI, LTA, NAT, PAU, YUG, and DDR having a pore structure consisting of member rings.
- TON having a one-dimensional-like pore structure consisting of 10-membered rings
- zeolite having the MTT structure and a zeolite having a * MRE structure
- ZSM-22 zeolite is more preferred as the zeolite having the TON structure
- ZSM-23 zeolite is more preferred as the zeolite having the MTT structure.
- the molar ratio of silicon to aluminum element ([Si] / [Al]) in these crystalline aluminosilicates (hereinafter referred to as “Si / Al ratio”) is preferably 10 to 400, more preferably 20 to 300.
- Si / Al ratio is less than the lower limit, the activity for the conversion of normal paraffin increases, but the selectivity of isomerization to isoparaffin decreases, and the increase in the decomposition reaction accompanying the increase in the reaction temperature is rapid. This is not preferable.
- the Si / Al ratio exceeds the upper limit, it is difficult to obtain the catalyst activity necessary for the conversion of normal paraffin, which is not preferable.
- the organic template used for hydrothermal synthesis of molecular sieves is selected according to the structure of the molecular sieve to be synthesized, but molecular sieves are usually synthesized under alkaline conditions.
- An amine derivative is preferable in that the influence on the properties of the raw material can be reduced.
- the organic template may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alkylamine, alkyldiamine, alkyltriamine, alkyltetramine, pyrrolidine, piperazine, aminopiperazine, alkylpentamine, alkylhexamine and derivatives thereof. preferable.
- the alkyl has 4 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Representative alkyl diamines include 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,8-diaminooctane and the like.
- the molecular sieve containing the organic template is not substantially completely removed by baking.
- the synthetic molecular sieve before the organic template is removed by ion exchange, the synthetic molecular sieve is not baked at all, or even if baked, the conditions under which the organic template is substantially completely burned and removed (particularly Is not required to be fired at a high temperature).
- the baking temperature is preferably about 500 ° C. or less, more preferably 450 ° C. or less, and more preferably 400 ° C. so that substantially no organic template is burned and removed.
- the synthetic molecular sieve is not baked at all before the organic template is removed by ion exchange.
- the ion exchange molecular sieve according to the present embodiment is obtained by ion exchange of a synthetic molecular sieve containing an organic template in a solution.
- the solution used at this time is a solution containing water as a main solvent. It is preferable.
- water is the main solvent
- content of water contained in the solution is 50% by mass or more based on the total amount of the solvent in the solution.
- content of this water is 70 mass% or more, and it is more preferable that it is 100 mass%.
- the content thereof is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the solvent in the solution.
- the content of the organic solvent exceeds 50% by mass, for example, when a compound that supplies a cationic species for ion exchange is used, problems such as a decrease in solubility of the compound in the solvent tend to occur. Therefore, it is most preferable that the solution does not contain an organic solvent.
- the ion exchange molecular sieve is preferably obtained by ion exchange of the synthetic molecular sieve with a solution containing a cationic species and water as a main solvent.
- an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation is generally present as a counter cation.
- counter cations are also ion-exchanged, and at the same time, the organic template is appropriately removed.
- the cationic species contained in the solution containing water as the main solvent is not particularly limited, and various cationic species can be used. From the viewpoint of forming Bronsted acid sites useful in the catalyst according to the present invention, ammonium ions Or a proton is preferable. When protons are used as the cationic species, mineral acids are usually used. In this case, however, the pH of the solution is lowered, and the molecular sieve structure may be destroyed. Therefore, the most preferred cationic species in the present invention is ammonium ion.
- the ammonium type molecular sieve obtained by ion exchange of the synthetic molecular sieve in the presence of ammonium ion releases ammonia during the subsequent calcination of the catalyst composition, and the counter cation becomes a proton to produce Bronsted acid. It becomes a point.
- the compound that supplies ammonium ions into the solution include various inorganic and organic ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium acetate.
- the content of the cationic species contained in the solution is preferably set to be 10 to 1000 equivalents relative to the total amount of the organic template and the counter cation contained in the molecular sieve to be used.
- the ion exchange is carried out by immersing a powdery synthetic molecular sieve, a molded article of synthetic molecular sieve, or a molded article of a mixture of a synthetic molecular sieve and a binder, containing a cationic species and containing water as a main solvent, preferably an aqueous solution.
- a powdery synthetic molecular sieve a molded article of synthetic molecular sieve, or a molded article of a mixture of a synthetic molecular sieve and a binder, containing a cationic species and containing water as a main solvent, preferably an aqueous solution.
- this is preferably carried out by a method of stirring or flowing.
- stirring or flow is preferably performed under heating in order to increase the efficiency of ion exchange.
- a method of heating an aqueous solution containing a cationic species and performing ion exchange under boiling and reflux is particularly preferable.
- the ion exchange time is preferably about 1 to 24 hours, although it depends on other conditions.
- the amount of the solution brought into contact with the synthetic molecular sieve is preferably 0.01 L to 10 L per 1 g of the synthetic molecular sieve.
- the ion exchange efficiency can be increased by heating to reflux for 6 to 12 hours.
- the ion-exchanged molecular sieve is preferably separated by filtration, washed with deionized water, and dried at a temperature of about 60 to 130 ° C. for about 10 to 48 hours.
- the metals belonging to Groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table include iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium and platinum. Among these, platinum and / or palladium are preferable and platinum is more preferable from the viewpoint of activity, selectivity, and activity persistence.
- the metals belonging to Groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, and molybdenum and tungsten can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- nickel-cobalt nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum-cobalt, Nickel-tungsten-cobalt or the like is preferable as a combination of metals supported on the ion-exchange molecular sieve.
- Examples of the method for supporting the metal on the ion exchange molecular sieve include known methods such as an impregnation method (equilibrium adsorption method, pore filling method, initial wetting method), ion exchange method and the like.
- an impregnation method equilibrium adsorption method, pore filling method, initial wetting method
- ion exchange method ion exchange method and the like.
- examples of the compound containing platinum include chloroplatinic acid, tetraamminedinitroplatinum, dinitroaminoplatinum, and tetraamminedichloroplatinum.
- the amount of the metal supported on the ion-exchange molecular sieve is preferably 0.001 to 20% by mass with respect to the mass of the ion-exchange molecular sieve.
- the supported amount is less than the lower limit value, it becomes difficult to provide a predetermined hydrogenation / dehydrogenation function.
- the supported amount exceeds the upper limit value, lightening by decomposition of hydrocarbons on the metal is performed. Tends to proceed, the yield of the target fraction tends to decrease, and the catalyst cost tends to increase.
- the conditions for calcining the catalyst composition containing the above ion exchange molecular sieve and the above metal supported on the ion exchange molecular sieve are preferably 250 ° C. to 600 ° C. in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen. 300 to 500 ° C. is more preferable.
- the atmosphere containing molecular oxygen include oxygen gas diluted with an inert gas such as oxygen gas and nitrogen, air, and the like.
- the firing time is usually about 0.5 to 20 hours.
- the ion-exchange molecular sieve is an ammonium type molecular sieve
- the ammonium counter cation releases ammonia in the course of the above baking treatment to become protons, and a Brested acid point is formed.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst according to the present embodiment is preferably subjected to the above calcination treatment, preferably at 250 to 500 ° C., more preferably at 300 to 400 ° C. for 0.5 to 5 hours in an atmosphere containing molecular hydrogen. It is preferable that a reduction treatment of a certain degree is performed. By performing such a process, the high activity with respect to dewaxing of base oil feedstock can be more reliably imparted to the catalyst.
- the catalyst composition is preferably molded into a predetermined shape.
- the shape include a cylindrical shape, a pellet shape, a spherical shape, and a modified cylindrical shape having a three-leaf / four-leaf cross section.
- the content of the ion-exchange molecular sieve on which the above metal is supported in the catalyst composition is preferably 1 to 90% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass based on the total amount of the catalyst composition.
- the catalyst composition preferably contains at least one porous oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, boria, magnesia and zirconia.
- the content ratio of the ion-exchange molecular sieve carrying the metal and the porous oxide in the catalyst composition is preferably 1 to 90 parts by mass and 99 to 10 parts by mass. And more preferably 90 to 20 parts by mass.
- a carrier containing the ion exchange molecular sieve and the porous oxide may be formed before the metal is supported on the ion exchange molecular sieve.
- the supported ion exchange molecular sieve and the porous oxide may be mixed and molded.
- the former is preferable. That is, after ion exchange of the synthetic molecular sieve in solution, the ion exchange molecular sieve, the porous oxide, and, if necessary, other binder components are preferably mixed and molded.
- the obtained molded body is preferably fired at a temperature of about 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen in order to extract the solid acidity of the porous oxide.
- metals belonging to Groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, molybdenum and tungsten on the ion exchange molecular sieve as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Other metals may be further supported.
- the catalyst composition contains a porous oxide, a metal other than the metals belonging to Group 8, Group 9 and Group 10 of the periodic table on the ion-exchange molecular sieve and / or the porous oxide, and metals other than molybdenum and tungsten May be carried.
- hydroisomerization catalyst obtained by the following production method.
- an organic template-containing zeolite containing an organic template and having a 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure is ion-exchanged in a solution containing ammonium ions and / or protons.
- a first step of obtaining a support precursor by heating a mixture containing an ion-exchanged zeolite and a binder obtained in the above manner at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. under a N 2 atmosphere;
- the catalyst precursor containing palladium salt is calcined at a temperature of 350 to 400 ° C. in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen to hydroisomerize platinum and / or palladium supported on a support containing zeolite.
- a second step of obtaining a catalyst is obtained by heating a mixture containing an ion-exchanged zeolite and a binder obtained in the above manner at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. under a N 2 atmosphere.
- the catalyst precursor containing palladium salt is calc
- zeolite having the above-mentioned 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure can be used as the organic template-containing zeolite.
- zeolite having TON, MTT structure, * ZSM-48 zeolite and SSZ-32 zeolite which are zeolites having MRE structure are preferred.
- ZSM-22 zeolite is more preferred as the zeolite having the TON structure
- ZSM-23 zeolite is more preferred as the zeolite having the MTT structure.
- the organic template-containing zeolite is hydrothermally synthesized by a known method from a silica source, an alumina source, and an organic template added to construct the predetermined pore structure.
- the organic template is an organic compound having an amino group, an ammonium group or the like, and is selected according to the structure of the zeolite to be synthesized, but is preferably an amine derivative. Specifically, at least one selected from the group consisting of alkylamine, alkyldiamine, alkyltriamine, alkyltetramine, pyrrolidine, piperazine, aminopiperazine, alkylpentamine, alkylhexamine and derivatives thereof is more preferable.
- the alkyl has 4 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Representative alkyl diamines include 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,8-diaminooctane and the like.
- the molar ratio ([Si] / [Al]) between silicon and aluminum constituting the organic template-containing zeolite having a 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure (hereinafter referred to as “Si / Al ratio”) is 10. Is preferably from 400 to 400, more preferably from 20 to 350.
- Si / Al ratio is less than 10
- the activity for the conversion of normal paraffin increases, but the isomerization selectivity to isoparaffin tends to decrease, and the increase in decomposition reaction accompanying the increase in reaction temperature tends to become rapid. Therefore, it is not preferable.
- the Si / Al ratio exceeds 400, it is difficult to obtain the catalyst activity necessary for the conversion of normal paraffin, which is not preferable.
- the organic template-containing zeolite synthesized preferably washed and dried usually has an alkali metal cation as a counter cation, and the organic template is included in the pore structure.
- the zeolite containing an organic template used in producing the hydroisomerization catalyst according to the present invention is in such a synthesized state, that is, calcination for removing the organic template included in the zeolite. It is preferable that the treatment is not performed.
- the organic template-containing zeolite is then ion-exchanged in a solution containing ammonium ions and / or protons.
- the counter cation contained in the organic template-containing zeolite is exchanged with ammonium ions and / or protons.
- a part of the organic template included in the organic template-containing zeolite is removed.
- the solution used for the ion exchange treatment is preferably a solution using a solvent containing at least 50% by volume of water, and more preferably an aqueous solution.
- the compound that supplies ammonium ions into the solution include various inorganic and organic ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium acetate.
- mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid are usually used as the compound for supplying protons into the solution.
- An ion-exchanged zeolite obtained by ion-exchange of an organic template-containing zeolite in the presence of ammonium ions releases ammonia during subsequent calcination, and the counter cation serves as a proton as a brane. Stead acid point.
- ammonium ions are preferred.
- the content of ammonium ions and / or protons contained in the solution is preferably set to be 10 to 1000 equivalents with respect to the total amount of counter cations and organic templates contained in the organic template-containing zeolite used. .
- the ion exchange treatment may be performed on a powdery organic template-containing zeolite carrier.
- the organic template-containing zeolite Prior to the ion exchange treatment, the organic template-containing zeolite is blended with an inorganic oxide as a binder, molded, and obtained. You may perform with respect to the molded object obtained. However, if the molded body is subjected to an ion exchange treatment without firing, the molded body is likely to collapse and pulverize, so the powdered organic template-containing zeolite can be subjected to an ion exchange treatment. preferable.
- the ion exchange treatment is preferably performed by an ordinary method, that is, a method of immersing zeolite containing an organic template in a solution containing ammonium ions and / or protons, preferably an aqueous solution, and stirring or flowing the zeolite. Moreover, it is preferable to perform said stirring or a flow under a heating in order to improve the efficiency of ion exchange.
- a method of heating the aqueous solution and performing ion exchange under boiling and reflux is particularly preferable.
- the solution it is preferable to exchange the solution once or twice or more during the ion exchange of the zeolite with the solution, and exchange the solution once or twice. It is more preferable.
- the organic template-containing zeolite is immersed in a solution containing ammonium ions and / or protons and heated to reflux for 1 to 6 hours. By heating and refluxing for ⁇ 12 hours, the ion exchange efficiency can be increased.
- a support precursor is obtained by heating a mixture containing ion-exchanged zeolite and a binder at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the mixture containing the ion exchange zeolite and the binder is preferably a mixture of the ion exchange zeolite obtained by the above method and an inorganic oxide as a binder and molding the resulting composition.
- the purpose of blending the inorganic oxide with the ion-exchanged zeolite is to improve the mechanical strength of the carrier (particularly, the particulate carrier) obtained by firing the molded body to such an extent that it can be practically used.
- the inventor has found that the choice of the inorganic oxide species affects the isomerization selectivity of the hydroisomerization catalyst.
- the inorganic oxide is at least one selected from a composite oxide composed of alumina, silica, titania, boria, zirconia, magnesia, ceria, zinc oxide, phosphorus oxide, and combinations of two or more thereof.
- Inorganic oxides are used.
- silica and alumina are preferable and alumina is more preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the isomerization selectivity of the hydroisomerization catalyst.
- the “composite oxide composed of a combination of two or more of these” is composed of at least two components of alumina, silica, titania, boria, zirconia, magnesia, ceria, zinc oxide, and phosphorus oxide.
- the composite oxide is preferably a composite oxide mainly composed of alumina containing 50% by mass or more of an alumina component based on the composite oxide, and more preferably alumina-silica.
- the mixing ratio of the ion exchange zeolite and the inorganic oxide in the above composition is preferably 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 30:70 to 85 as a ratio of the mass of the ion exchange zeolite to the mass of the inorganic oxide. : 15.
- this ratio is smaller than 10:90, it is not preferable because the activity of the hydroisomerization catalyst tends to be insufficient.
- the ratio exceeds 90:10, the mechanical strength of the carrier obtained by molding and baking the composition tends to be insufficient, which is not preferable.
- the method of blending the above-mentioned inorganic oxide with the ion-exchanged zeolite is not particularly limited. The method performed can be adopted.
- the composition containing the ion-exchanged zeolite and the inorganic oxide or the viscous fluid containing the composition is molded by a method such as extrusion molding, and preferably dried to form a particulate molded body.
- the shape of the molded body is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cylindrical shape, a pellet shape, a spherical shape, and a modified cylindrical shape having a trefoil / four-leaf cross section.
- the size of the molded body is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ease of handling, packing density in the reactor, etc., for example, the major axis is preferably about 1 to 30 mm and the minor axis is about 1 to 20 mm.
- the molded body obtained as described above is preferably heated to a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. in an N 2 atmosphere to form a carrier precursor.
- the heating time is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours, and more preferably 1 to 5 hours.
- the heating temperature when the heating temperature is lower than 250 ° C., a large amount of the organic template remains, and the zeolite pores are blocked by the remaining template. In this case, it is considered that the isomerization active site exists in the vicinity of the pore pore mouse, the reaction substrate cannot diffuse into the pore due to the pore clogging, the active site is covered and the isomerization reaction does not proceed easily, It tends to be difficult to obtain a normal paraffin conversion rate sufficiently. On the other hand, when the heating temperature exceeds 350 ° C., the isomerization selectivity of the resulting hydroisomerization catalyst is not sufficiently improved.
- the lower limit temperature when the molded body is heated to form a carrier precursor is preferably 280 ° C or higher.
- the upper limit temperature is preferably 330 ° C. or lower.
- the amount of carbon contained in the hydroisomerization catalyst obtained through calcination after metal support described later is 0.4 to 3.5% by mass, preferably 0.4 to 3.0% by mass, It is preferable to set the heating conditions so that it is preferably 0.4 to 2.5% by mass, more preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by mass.
- micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst obtained through calcination after metal support described later is 0.02 to 0.12 cc / g
- unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst The heating conditions are preferably set so that the per micropore volume is 0.01 to 0.12 cc / g.
- a catalyst precursor in which a platinum salt and / or palladium salt is contained in the carrier precursor is heated to 350 to 400 ° C., preferably 380 to 400 ° C., more preferably 400 ° C. in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen.
- a hydroisomerization catalyst in which platinum and / or palladium is supported on a support containing zeolite is obtained.
- under an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen means that the gas is in contact with a gas containing oxygen gas, preferably air.
- the firing time is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours, and more preferably 1 to 5 hours.
- platinum salts include chloroplatinic acid, tetraamminedinitroplatinum, dinitroaminoplatinum, and tetraamminedichloroplatinum. Since the chloride salt generates hydrochloric acid during the reaction and may corrode the equipment, tetraamminedinitroplatinum, which is a platinum salt in which platinum is highly dispersed other than the chloride salt, is preferable.
- the palladium salt examples include palladium chloride, tetraamminepalladium nitrate, and diaminopalladium nitrate. Since the chloride salt generates hydrochloric acid during the reaction and may corrode the equipment, tetraamminepalladium nitrate, which is a palladium salt in which palladium is highly dispersed other than the chloride salt, is preferable.
- the amount of active metal supported on the support containing zeolite according to the present embodiment is preferably 0.001 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass based on the mass of the support.
- the supported amount is less than 0.001% by mass, it is difficult to provide a predetermined hydrogenation / dehydrogenation function.
- the supported amount exceeds 20% by mass, lightening by decomposition of hydrocarbons on the active metal tends to proceed, and the yield of the target fraction tends to decrease, This is not preferable because the catalyst cost tends to increase.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst according to the present embodiment is used for hydroisomerization of a hydrocarbon oil containing a large amount of a sulfur-containing compound and / or a nitrogen-containing compound, from the viewpoint of sustainability of the catalyst activity, as an active metal It is preferable to include a combination of nickel-cobalt, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum-cobalt, nickel-tungsten-cobalt, and the like.
- the amount of these metals supported is preferably 0.001 to 50 mass%, more preferably 0.01 to 30 mass%, based on the mass of the carrier.
- the catalyst precursor is preferably calcined so that the organic template left on the carrier precursor remains.
- the amount of carbon contained in the resulting hydroisomerization catalyst is 0.4 to 3.5 mass%, preferably 0.4 to 3.0 mass%, more preferably 0.4 to 2.5 mass%. It is preferable to set the heating conditions so as to be mass%, more preferably 0.4 to 1.5 mass%.
- the resulting hydroisomerization catalyst has a micropore volume per unit mass of 0.02 to 0.12 cc / g, and the micropore volume per unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst is 0.00. It is preferable to set the heating conditions to be 01 to 0.12 cc / g.
- the amount of carbon in the hydroisomerization catalyst is calculated by analysis by combustion in an oxygen stream-infrared absorption method. Specifically, using a carbon / sulfur analyzer (for example, EMIA-920V manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.), the catalyst is burned in an oxygen stream, and the amount of carbon is quantified by an infrared absorption method.
- a carbon / sulfur analyzer for example, EMIA-920V manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
- the micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst is calculated by a method called nitrogen adsorption measurement. That is, for the catalyst, the physical adsorption / desorption isotherm of nitrogen measured at the liquid nitrogen temperature ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) is analyzed. Specifically, the adsorption isotherm of nitrogen measured at the liquid nitrogen temperature ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) By analyzing by the -plot method, the micropore volume of the catalyst is calculated. By dividing the calculated pore volume by the amount of catalyst used in the nitrogen adsorption measurement, the micropore volume per unit mass of the catalyst can be obtained. The micropore volume per unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst is also calculated by the above nitrogen adsorption measurement.
- Micropore volume V Z per unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst for example, if the binder does not have a micropore volume, the value of the micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst It can be calculated according to the following formula from V c and the content ratio M z (mass%) of zeolite contained in the catalyst.
- V Z V c / M z ⁇ 100
- the hydroisomerization catalyst according to this embodiment is preferably a catalyst that has been subjected to a reduction treatment after being charged in a reactor that preferably performs a hydroisomerization reaction following the above-described calcination treatment.
- reduction treatment is performed for about 0.5 to 5 hours in an atmosphere containing molecular hydrogen, preferably in a hydrogen gas flow, preferably at 250 to 500 ° C., more preferably at 300 to 400 ° C. It is preferable that By such a process, the high activity with respect to dewaxing of hydrocarbon oil can be more reliably imparted to the catalyst.
- hydroisomerization catalyst used in the present invention include a support containing zeolite having a 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure, and platinum and / or palladium supported on the support.
- the amount of carbon contained in the hydroisomerization catalyst is 0.4 to 3.5% by mass.
- the micropore volume per unit mass of the hydroisomerization catalyst is 0.02 to 0.12 ml / g, and the micropore volume per unit mass of the zeolite contained in the hydroisomerization catalyst is 0. More preferably, it is 0.01 to 0.12 ml / g.
- a zeolite having a 10-membered ring one-dimensional pore structure a support containing a binder, and platinum and / or palladium supported on the support, and the micropores per unit mass of the catalyst
- a hydroisomerization catalyst having a volume of 0.02 to 0.12 cc / g wherein the zeolite contains an organic template and an organic template-containing zeolite having a 10-membered one-dimensional pore structure, ammonium ions And / or derived from ion-exchanged zeolite obtained by ion exchange in a solution containing protons, the amount of carbon contained in the catalyst is 0.4 to 3.5% by mass, and the zeolite contained in the catalyst
- the micropore volume per unit mass is 0.01 to 0.12 cc / g.
- the amount of carbon contained in the catalyst is preferably 0.4 to 3.0% by mass, more preferably 0.4 to 2.5% by mass, and still more preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by mass.
- Said hydroisomerization catalyst can be manufactured by the method mentioned above.
- the amount of carbon contained in the catalyst, the micropore volume per unit mass of the catalyst, and the micropore volume per unit mass of the zeolite contained in the catalyst are determined according to the ion exchange zeolite in the mixture containing the ion exchange zeolite and the binder.
- the heating condition of the mixture under N 2 atmosphere, and the heating condition under the atmosphere containing molecular oxygen of the catalyst precursor it can be within the above range.
- the reaction conditions for hydroisomerization include the following conditions.
- the temperature of the hydroisomerization reaction is preferably 200 to 450 ° C, more preferably 220 to 400 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is lower than 200 ° C.
- the isomerization of normal paraffin contained in the hydrocarbon oil as a raw material becomes difficult to proceed, and the reduction and removal of the wax component tend to be insufficient.
- the reaction temperature exceeds 450 ° C., decomposition of the hydrocarbon oil becomes prominent, and the yield of the target hydrocarbon tends to decrease.
- the pressure of the hydroisomerization reaction is preferably from 0.1 to 20 MPa, more preferably from 0.5 to 15 MPa.
- the reaction pressure is less than 0.1 MPa, the deterioration of the catalyst due to coke generation tends to be accelerated.
- the reaction pressure exceeds 20 MPa, the cost for constructing the apparatus tends to increase, and it tends to be difficult to realize an economical process.
- Liquid hourly space velocity relative to the catalyst of the hydrocarbon oil is preferably 0.01 ⁇ 100h -1, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ 50h -1.
- the liquid space velocity is less than 0.01 h ⁇ 1 , the decomposition of the hydrocarbon oil tends to proceed excessively, and the production efficiency of the target hydrocarbon tends to decrease.
- the liquid space velocity exceeds 100 h ⁇ 1 , isomerization of normal paraffin contained in the hydrocarbon oil is difficult to proceed, and the wax component tends to be insufficiently reduced and removed.
- Hydrogen supply ratio of the hydrocarbon oil is preferably 100 ⁇ 1000Nm 3 / m 3, more preferably 200 ⁇ 800Nm 3 / m 3.
- the supply ratio is less than 100 Nm 3 / m 3 , for example, when the raw material oil contains sulfur and nitrogen compounds, desulfurization that occurs concurrently with the isomerization reaction, hydrogen sulfide generated by the denitrogenation reaction, and ammonia gas are the active metals on the catalyst. Adsorption poisoning tends to make it difficult to obtain a predetermined catalyst performance.
- the supply ratio exceeds 1000 Nm 3 / m 3 , a hydrogen supply facility with a large capacity is required, so that it is difficult to realize an economical process.
- the conversion ratio of normal paraffin in the hydroisomerization reaction in step S2 is appropriately adjusted according to the use of the obtained hydrocarbon oil.
- a base oil containing a large number of isomers having a branched chain structure can be obtained.
- the normal paraffin content is required to be 0.1% by mass or less, but according to the method for producing a lubricating base oil according to the present invention, this requirement is required.
- a lubricating base oil satisfying the level can be obtained in a high yield.
- the reaction apparatus may be any one of a continuous flow type, a batch type, and a semi-batch type, but a continuous flow type is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity and efficiency.
- the catalyst layer may be a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, or a stirring bed, but is preferably a fixed bed from the viewpoint of equipment costs.
- the reaction phase is preferably a gas-liquid mixed phase.
- isomerization refers to a reaction that changes only the molecular structure without changing the carbon number (molecular weight)
- decomposition refers to a reaction that involves a decrease in carbon number (molecular weight).
- the carbon number (molecular weight) of the product should constitute the target base oil even if the hydrocarbon oil and the product oil are decomposed to some extent. Is within the predetermined allowable range, and the decomposition product may be a constituent of the base oil.
- step S3 the product oil obtained through step S2 is further processed by hydrofinishing.
- Hydrofinishing can generally be carried out by bringing the finished product into contact with a supported metal hydrogenation catalyst (for example, platinum supported on alumina) in the presence of hydrogen.
- a supported metal hydrogenation catalyst for example, platinum supported on alumina
- a hydrotreating apparatus that performs hydrofinishing is provided on the downstream side of the hydroisomerization apparatus, but it can be omitted.
- step S4 the product oil hydrotreated through step S3 is subjected to atmospheric distillation and fractionated into a naphtha fraction, a kerosene fraction, and a lubricant fraction.
- the naphtha fraction can be recovered from the line L18 as a fraction of less than 150 ° C., for example.
- a kerosene oil fraction can be recovered from the line L19 as a fraction of 150 ° C. or higher and lower than 330 ° C., for example.
- the lubricating oil fraction is supplied to the third rectifying tower 70 from the line 20 connected to the tower bottom, for example, as a fraction of 330 ° C. or higher.
- step S5 the lubricating oil fraction obtained in step S4 is distilled under reduced pressure to be fractionated into various lubricating base oils.
- the same fractionation conditions as in step S1 can be set.
- a lubricant base oil composed of a fraction of 330 ° C. or more and less than 470 ° C. a lubricant base oil composed of a fraction of 470 ° C. or more and less than 520 ° C., 520 It can be fractionated into a lubricating base oil consisting of fractions at or above.
- Various lubricating base oils can be obtained from lines L22, 23 and 24, respectively.
- a fraction of 330 ° C. or more and less than 470 ° C., a fraction of 470 ° C. or more and less than 520 ° C., and a fraction of 520 ° C. or more are lubricated with 70 pale and SAE-10, SAE-20, SAE-30 +, respectively. It can be obtained as an oil base oil.
- the lubricating base oil for gasoline engines preferably has a viscosity index defined by JIS K 2283 of 135 or more, and more preferably 140 or more. Further, the pour point defined by JIS K 2269 is preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower, and more preferably ⁇ 25 ° C. or lower.
- the lubricating base oil for diesel engines preferably has a viscosity index defined by JIS K 2283 of 145 or more, and more preferably 150 or more. Further, the pour point defined by JIS K 2269 is preferably ⁇ 12.5 ° C. or less, and more preferably ⁇ 15 ° C. or less.
- the industrial lubricating base oil preferably has a viscosity index defined by JIS K 2283 of 150 or more, and more preferably 155 or more. Further, the pour point defined by JIS K 2269 is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 12.5 ° C. or lower.
- step S1 the wax fraction is fractionated into fractions corresponding to 70 Pale, SAE10, SAE20, and SAE30 + and stored in the respective storage tanks, and these are mixed in the combinations shown in Table 1 in step S2 and hydroisomerized.
- the wax fraction is fractionated into fractions corresponding to 70 Pale, SAE10, SAE20, and SAE30 + and stored in the respective storage tanks, and these are mixed in the combinations shown in Table 1 in step S2 and hydroisomerized.
- step S5 a lubricating base oil corresponding to the above combination can be obtained by fractional distillation.
- the reaction temperature in the isomerization dewaxing of heavy hydrocarbon oil can be lowered, the reaction when the isomerization dewaxing with the next lowest reaction temperature is performed using the same isomerization dewaxing reactor.
- the temperature adjustment time can be shortened, whereby the production efficiency in the production of lubricating base oils of different oil types can be improved.
- ZSM-22 zeolite composed of crystalline aluminosilicate having a Si / Al ratio of 45 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ZSM-22”) was produced by hydrothermal synthesis according to the following procedure.
- Solution A 1.94 g of potassium hydroxide dissolved in 6.75 mL of ion exchange water.
- Solution B A solution obtained by dissolving 1.33 g of aluminum sulfate 18-hydrate in 5 mL of ion-exchanged water.
- Solution C A solution obtained by diluting 4.18 g of 1,6-hexanediamine (organic template) with 32.5 mL of ion-exchanged water.
- Solution D 18 g of colloidal silica (Ludox AS-40 manufactured by Grace Davison) diluted with 31 mL of ion-exchanged water.
- solution A was added to solution B and stirred until the aluminum component was completely dissolved.
- solution C was added to this mixed solution.
- the mixture of the solutions A, B and C was poured into the solution D with vigorous stirring at room temperature.
- 0.25 g of ZSM-22 powder synthesized separately and not subjected to any special treatment after the synthesis was added as a “seed crystal” to promote crystallization, thereby obtaining a gel-like product.
- the gel obtained by the above operation is transferred to a stainless steel autoclave reactor having an internal volume of 120 mL, and the autoclave reactor is rotated on a tumbling apparatus at a rotation speed of about 60 rpm in an oven at 150 ° C. for 60 hours.
- the hydrothermal synthesis reaction was performed. After completion of the reaction, the reactor was cooled and opened, and dried overnight in a dryer at 60 ° C. to obtain ZSM-22 having a Si / Al ratio of 45.
- ZSM-22 obtained above was subjected to ion exchange treatment with an aqueous solution containing ammonium ions by the following operation.
- ZSM-22 obtained as described above was placed in a flask, 100 mL of 0.5N ammonium chloride aqueous solution per 1 g of ZSM-22 zeolite was added, and the mixture was refluxed with heating for 6 hours. After cooling this to room temperature, the supernatant was removed and the crystalline aluminosilicate was washed with ion-exchanged water. To this, the same amount of 0.5N ammonium chloride aqueous solution as above was added again and refluxed with heating for 12 hours.
- the obtained viscous fluid was filled into an extrusion molding machine and molded to obtain a cylindrical molded body having a diameter of about 1.6 mm and a length of about 10 mm. This molded body was heated at 300 ° C. for 3 hours under an N 2 atmosphere to obtain a carrier precursor.
- Tetraamminedinitroplatinum [Pt (NH 3 ) 4 ] (NO 3 ) 2 was dissolved in ion-exchanged water corresponding to the previously measured water absorption of the carrier precursor to obtain an impregnation solution.
- This solution was impregnated into the above carrier precursor by the initial wetting method, and supported so that the platinum amount was 0.3 mass% with respect to the mass of the ZSM-22 type zeolite.
- the obtained impregnated product (catalyst precursor) was dried overnight at 60 ° C., and then calcined at 400 ° C. for 3 hours under air flow, so that hydrogen having a carbon content of 0.56% by mass was obtained.
- the hydroisomerization catalyst 1 was obtained.
- the amount of carbon was measured by combustion in an oxygen stream-infrared absorption method using EMIA-920V manufactured by Horiba.
- micropore volume of the obtained hydroisomerization catalyst was calculated by the following method. First, in order to remove water adsorbed on the hydroisomerization catalyst, pretreatment was performed to evacuate at 150 ° C. for 5 hours. The pretreatment hydroisomerization catalyst was subjected to nitrogen adsorption measurement at a liquid nitrogen temperature ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) using BELSORP-max manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd. The measured nitrogen adsorption isotherm was analyzed by the t-plot method to calculate the micropore volume (cc / g) of the hydroisomerization catalyst.
- V Z V c / M z ⁇ 100
- V c the micropore volume per mass unit of the hydroisomerization catalyst
- M z the content ratio (mass%) of zeolite in the catalyst.
- micropore volume per mass unit of the hydroisomerization catalyst and the micropore volume per unit mass of zeolite contained in the catalyst were 0.055 cc / g and 0.079 cc / g, respectively.
- Example 1 A stainless steel reaction tube having an inner diameter of 15 mm and a length of 380 mm was filled with 100 ml of the hydroisomerization catalyst 1 and subjected to reduction treatment for 12 hours under an average catalyst layer temperature of 350 ° C. and hydrogen flow (hydrogen partial pressure of 3 MPa).
- base oil feedstock mixed with 60 parts by volume of FT wax having a boiling point range of 520 ° C. + which is the main target fraction and 40 parts by volume of FT wax having a boiling point range of 330 ° C. or more and less than 470 ° C. is passed.
- isomerization dewaxing was performed at a hydrogen pressure of 15 MPa, a hydrogen / oil ratio of 500 NL / L, and a liquid space velocity of 1.5 h ⁇ 1 .
- the reaction temperature at this time was 325 degreeC.
- the yield of the product oil boiling point range 520 ° C. + was 35% by volume.
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that 90 parts by volume of FT wax having a boiling point range of 520 ° C. + and 10 parts by volume of FT wax having a boiling point range of 330 ° C. to less than 470 ° C. were mixed. The isomerization dewaxing was performed. The reaction temperature at this time was 335 degreeC.
- the yield of the product oil boiling point range 520 ° C. + was 48% by volume.
- Example 3 A stainless steel reaction tube having an inner diameter of 15 mm and a length of 380 mm was filled with 100 ml of the hydroisomerization catalyst 1 and subjected to reduction treatment for 12 hours under an average catalyst layer temperature of 350 ° C. and hydrogen flow (hydrogen partial pressure of 3 MPa).
- Oil was isomerized and dewaxed at a hydrogen pressure of 15 MPa, a hydrogen / oil ratio of 500 NL / L, and a liquid space velocity of 1.5 h ⁇ 1 .
- the reaction temperature at this time was 322 ° C.
- the yield of the boiling point of the product oil was 470 ° C. or higher and lower than 520 ° C. was 34% by volume.
- Example 4 Example 3 except that 90 parts by volume of FT wax having a boiling range of 470 ° C. or more and less than 520 ° C. and 10 parts by volume of FT wax having a boiling range of 330 ° C. or more and less than 470 ° C. were mixed. In the same manner as above, isomerization dewaxing was performed. The reaction temperature at this time was 327 degreeC.
- the yield of the product oil in the boiling range of 470 ° C. or more and less than 520 ° C. was 43% by volume.
- the reaction temperature at this time was 340 degreeC.
- the yield of the product oil in the boiling range of 520 ° C. + was 50% by volume.
- An FT wax having a boiling point range of 470 ° C. or more and less than 520 ° C., which is a main target fraction, is passed through the reaction tube as a base oil feedstock, a hydrogen pressure of 15 MPa, a hydrogen / oil ratio of 500 NL / L, a liquid space velocity of 1. Isomerized dewaxing at 5 h- 1 .
- the reaction temperature at this time was 330 degreeC.
- the yield of the product oil boiling point range of 470 ° C. or more and less than 520 ° C. was 45% by volume.
- FT wax having a boiling point range of 330 ° C. or higher and lower than 470 ° C. was passed through the reaction tube as a base oil feedstock, and isomerized at a hydrogen pressure of 15 MPa, a hydrogen / oil ratio of 500 NL / L, and a liquid space velocity of 1.5 h ⁇ 1 . Dewaxing.
- the reaction temperature at this time was 320 degreeC.
- the reaction temperature at this time was 336 degreeC.
- the yield of the product oil in the boiling range of 520 ° C. + and the yield in the boiling range of 470 ° C. or more and less than 520 ° C. were 30% by volume and 18% by volume, respectively.
- Comparative Example 5 In the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, except that 90 parts by volume of FT wax having a boiling point range of 520 ° C. and 10 parts by volume of FT wax having a boiling point range of 470 ° C. or more and less than 520 ° C. were passed, Chemical dewaxing was performed. The reaction temperature at this time was 339 degreeC.
- the yield of the product oil in the boiling range of 520 ° C. + and the yield in the boiling range of 470 ° C. to less than 520 ° C. were 45% by volume and 5% by volume, respectively.
- Viscosity Index (VI) and pour Point (PP) About the obtained objective fraction, the viscosity index (VI) and the pour point (PP) were measured according to the following method.
- the viscosity index (VI) was determined based on the viscosity index calculation method of JIS K 2283 “Crude oil and petroleum products—Kinematic viscosity test method and viscosity index calculation method”.
- the pour point (PP) was determined based on the pour point test method of JIS K 2269 “Pour point of crude oil and petroleum products and cloud point test method of petroleum products”.
- the arithmetic average reaction temperature shown in Table 2 is a weighted arithmetic average value obtained by the following equation when the reaction temperatures of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are T1, T2, and T3, respectively.
- Example 4: arithmetic mean reaction temperature (0.9 ⁇ T2 + 0.1 ⁇ T3) / (0.9 + 0.1)
- the reaction temperature necessary for the isomerization reaction of the heavy hydrocarbon oil can be lowered,
- the yield of the lubricant base oil product relative to the raw material corresponding to the quality hydrocarbon oil can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
重質炭化水素油及び軽質炭化水素油は、例えば、成分としてノルマルパラフィンを含む沸点330℃以上のワックス留分を分留することにより得ることができる。
本実施形態においては、沸点が470℃以上であるノルマルパラフィンを含む重質炭化水素油と、沸点が330℃以上470℃未満であるノルマルパラフィンを含む軽質炭化水素油とを混合することにより得られる基油原料油として、上述した第1の重質炭化水素油と軽質炭化水素油、第2の重質炭化水素油と軽質炭化水素油、又は、第1の重質炭化水素油及び第2の重質炭化水素油と軽質炭化水素油の組み合わせを用いることができる。
VZ=Vc/Mz×100
(製造例1)
<ZSM-22ゼオライトの製造>
Si/Al比が45である結晶性アルミノシリケートからなるZSM-22ゼオライト(以下、「ZSM-22」ということがある。)を以下の手順で水熱合成により製造した。
溶液A:1.94gの水酸化カリウムを6.75mLのイオン交換水に溶解したもの。
溶液B:1.33gの硫酸アルミニウム18水塩を5mLのイオン交換水に溶解したもの。
溶液C:4.18gの1,6-ヘキサンジアミン(有機テンプレート)を32.5mLのイオン交換水にて希釈したもの。
溶液D:18gのコロイダルシリカ(Grace Davison社製Ludox AS-40)を31mLのイオン交換水にて希釈したもの。
この混合溶液に溶液Cを加えた後、室温にて激しく攪拌しながら、溶液A、B、Cの混合物を溶液Dに注入した。更に、ここへ結晶化を促進する「種結晶」として、別途合成され、合成後に何ら特別な処理が行われていないZSM-22の粉末を0.25g添加し、ゲル状物を得た。
上記で得られたZSM-22について、以下の操作によりアンモニウムイオンを含む水溶液でイオン交換処理を行った。
上記で得たNH4型ZSM-22と、バインダーであるアルミナとを質量比7:3にて混合し、ここに少量のイオン交換水を添加して混錬した。得られた粘ちょうな流体を押出成型機に充填、成型し、直径約1.6mm、長さ約10mmの円筒状の成型体を得た。この成型体を、N2雰囲気下、300℃にて3時間加熱して、担体前駆体を得た。
テトラアンミンジニトロ白金[Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2を、担体前駆体のあらかじめ測定した吸水量に相当するイオン交換水に溶解して含浸溶液を得た。この溶液を、上記の担体前駆体に初期湿潤法により含浸し、ZSM-22型ゼオライトの質量に対して、0.3質量%の白金量となるように担持を行った。次に、得られた含浸物(触媒前駆体)を60℃の乾燥中で一晩乾燥した後、空気流通下、400℃で3時間焼成して、カーボン量が0.56質量%である水素化異性化触媒1を得た。なお、カーボン量は、堀場製作所製EMIA-920Vを使用して、酸素気流中燃焼-赤外線吸収法で測定した。
VZ=Vc/Mz×100
式中、Vcは水素化異性化触媒の質量単位当たりのミクロ細孔容積を示し、Mzは触媒におけるゼオライトの含有割合(質量%)を示す。
内径15mm、長さ380mmのステンレス鋼製反応管に水素化異性化触媒1を100ml充填し、触媒層平均温度350℃、水素流通下(水素分圧3MPa)で12時間還元処理を行った。
沸点範囲520℃+のFTワックスを90容量部と沸点範囲330℃以上470℃未満のFTワックスを10容量部とを混合した基油原料油を通油したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして異性化脱蝋を行った。このときの反応温度は335℃であった。
内径15mm、長さ380mmのステンレス鋼製反応管に水素化異性化触媒1を100ml充填し、触媒層平均温度350℃、水素流通下(水素分圧3MPa)で12時間還元処理を行った。
沸点範囲470℃以上520℃未満のFTワックスを90容量部と沸点範囲330℃以上470℃未満のFTワックスを10容量部とを混合した基油原料油を通油したこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして異性化脱蝋を行った。このときの反応温度は327℃であった。
内径15mm、長さ380mmのステンレス鋼製反応管に水素化異性化触媒1を100ml充填し、触媒層平均温度350℃、水素流通下(水素分圧3MPa)で12時間還元処理を行った。
内径15mm、長さ380mmのステンレス鋼製反応管に水素化異性化触媒1を100ml充填し、触媒層平均温度350℃、水素流通下(水素分圧3MPa)で12時間還元処理を行った。
内径15mm、長さ380mmのステンレス鋼製反応管に水素化異性化触媒1を100ml充填し、触媒層平均温度350℃、水素流通下(水素分圧3MPa)で12時間還元処理を行った。
内径15mm、長さ380mmのステンレス鋼製反応管に水素化異性化触媒1を100ml充填し、触媒層平均温度350℃、水素流通下(水素分圧3MPa)で12時間還元処理を行った。
沸点範囲520℃+のFTワックス90容量部と沸点範囲470℃以上520℃未満のFTワックス10容量部とを混合した基油原料油を通油したこと以外は比較例4と同様にして、異性化脱蝋を行った。このときの反応温度は339℃であった。
基油原料油における目的留分の含有量に対する生成油における目的留分の含有量の割合を「製品/原料」として算出した。なお、この値が大きい程、異性化脱蝋工程における重質留分の分解が抑制されていることを意味する。結果を表2に示す。
得られた目的留分について、下記の方法にしたがって粘度指数(VI)及び流動点(PP)を測定した。
粘度指数(VI)は、JIS K 2283「原油及び石油製品―動粘度試験方法及び粘度指数算出方法」の粘度指数算出方法に基づき求めた。流動点(PP)は、JIS K 2269「原油及び石油製品の流動点並びに石油製品曇り点試験方法」の流動点試験方法に基づき求めた。
実施例1:相加平均反応温度=(0.6×T1+0.4×T3)/(0.6+0.4)
実施例2:相加平均反応温度=(0.9×T1+0.1×T3)/(0.9+0.1)
実施例3:相加平均反応温度=(0.6×T2+0.4×T3)/(0.6+0.4)
実施例4:相加平均反応温度=(0.9×T2+0.1×T3)/(0.9+0.1)
Claims (7)
- 沸点が470℃以上であるノルマルパラフィンを含む重質炭化水素油と、沸点が330℃以上470℃未満であるノルマルパラフィンを含む軽質炭化水素油と、を混合して得られる基油原料油を、水素の存在下、水素化異性化触媒と接触させる工程、
を備えることを特徴とする潤滑油基油の製造方法。 - 前記重質炭化水素油の沸点が470℃以上であり、前記軽質炭化水素油の沸点が470℃未満である、請求項1に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。
- 前記軽質炭化水素油の含有量が前記基油原料油全量を100容量部としたときに10容量部以上40容量部以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。
- 前記水素化異性化触媒が、モレキュラーシーブを含む担体と、該担体に担持された、周期表第8族、第9族及び第10族に属する金属、モリブデン及びタングステンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属と、を含む触媒組成物、を焼成して得られるものであることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。
- 前記水素化異性化触媒が、10員環一次元状細孔構造を有するゼオライトを含む担体と、該担体に担持された白金及び/又はパラジウムと、を含有し、
前記水素化異性化触媒に含まれるカーボン量が0.4~3.5質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。 - 前記水素化異性化触媒の単位質量当たりのミクロ細孔容積が0.02~0.12ml/gであり、
前記水素化異性化触媒に含有される前記ゼオライトの単位質量当たりのミクロ細孔容積が0.01~0.12ml/gであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。 - 前記水素化異性化触媒が、
有機テンプレートを含有し10員環一次元状細孔構造を有する有機テンプレート含有ゼオライトを、アンモニウムイオン及び/又はプロトンを含む溶液中でイオン交換して得られるイオン交換ゼオライトと、バインダーと、が含まれる混合物を、N2雰囲気下、250~350℃の温度で加熱して担体前駆体を得る第1工程と、前記担体前駆体に白金塩及び/又はパラジウム塩を含ませた触媒前駆体を、分子状酸素を含む雰囲気下、350~400℃の温度で焼成して、ゼオライトを含む担体に白金及び/又はパラジウムが担持された水素化異性化触媒を得る第2工程と、を備える水素化異性化触媒の製造方法により得られるものであることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。
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