WO2009081931A1 - 直接液体燃料型燃料電池用隔膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
直接液体燃料型燃料電池用隔膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009081931A1 WO2009081931A1 PCT/JP2008/073408 JP2008073408W WO2009081931A1 WO 2009081931 A1 WO2009081931 A1 WO 2009081931A1 JP 2008073408 W JP2008073408 W JP 2008073408W WO 2009081931 A1 WO2009081931 A1 WO 2009081931A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
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- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
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- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by heteroatoms or groups containing heteroatoms
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/44—Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/40—Impregnation
- C08J9/405—Impregnation with polymerisable compounds
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
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- C08J2365/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2365/02—Polyphenylenes
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- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diaphragm for a direct liquid fuel type fuel cell and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a diaphragm for a direct liquid fuel type fuel cell comprising an anion exchange membrane and a method for producing the same.
- the solid polymer fuel cell is a fuel cell using a solid polymer such as an ion exchange resin as an electrolyte, and has a characteristic that the operating temperature is relatively low.
- the solid polymer fuel cell has a space in the battery partition wall 1 having a fuel flow hole 2 and an oxidant gas flow hole 3 communicating with the outside, respectively, in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 6.
- the fuel chamber side diffusion electrode 4 and the oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode 5 are separated from each other by a joined body.
- the fuel chamber 7 communicates with the outside through the fuel circulation hole 2 and the outside through the oxidant gas circulation hole 3. It has a basic structure in which a communicating oxidant chamber 8 is formed.
- a fuel made of hydrogen gas or methanol is supplied to the fuel chamber 7 through the fuel circulation hole 2 and the oxidant gas circulation hole 3 is supplied to the oxidant chamber 8.
- Electric energy is generated by the following mechanism by supplying oxygen-containing gas such as oxygen or air as an oxidant and connecting an external load circuit between both diffusion electrodes.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 the mechanism for generating electric energy is such that the ion species moving in the polymer electrolyte membrane 6 are different as follows. That is, by supplying liquid fuel such as hydrogen or methanol to the fuel chamber side and supplying oxygen and water to the oxidant chamber side, the catalyst contained in the oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode 5 and the oxygen And hydroxide ions come into contact with water.
- the hydroxide ions are transferred to the fuel chamber 7 through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 6 made of the hydrocarbon-based anion exchange membrane, and react with the fuel at the fuel chamber side diffusion electrode 4 to generate water. Along with this, electrons generated in the fuel chamber side diffusion electrode 4 are moved to the oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode 5 through an external load circuit, and the energy of this reaction is used as electric energy. Is.
- the obtained direct liquid fuel type fuel cell not only has the above problem (i) but also usually has the problems (ii) to (iii).
- the problem (iv) can be significantly reduced because the hydroxide ions with a large diameter move from the oxidizer chamber side to the fuel chamber side when energized. It is expected to become.
- the anion exchange group used in the anion exchange membrane includes its excellent ion conductivity and the It is very advantageous to use a quaternary ammonium group in view of the availability of raw materials for producing an anion exchange membrane (Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- an anion exchange membrane having a quaternary ammonium group as an anion exchange group is usually a polymerization comprising a polymerizable monomer having a halogenoalkyl group such as chloromethylstyrene and a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer.
- the porous composition is brought into contact with the porous film, and the polymerizable composition is filled in the voids of the porous film, followed by polymerization and curing to a crosslinked hydrocarbon resin having a halogenoalkyl group,
- a crosslinked hydrocarbon resin having a halogenoalkyl group In general, after the quaternary ammonium group is introduced into the halogenoalkyl group, the counter ion of the quaternary ammonium group is ion-exchanged with a hydroxide ion.
- chloromethylstyrene is exclusively used because of its availability.
- the electrical conductivity of the diaphragm is high, and (iv) the fuel permeability is low, in addition to the high heat resistance.
- the electrode catalyst used in the fuel cell becomes more active as the operating temperature of the fuel cell is higher, and the higher the heat resistance of the diaphragm, the more the fuel cell can be operated at a higher temperature, so that a large battery output can be obtained. Therefore, the diaphragm is required to have high heat resistance.
- the anion exchange resin produced using the bromo long chain alkyl styrene as described above suppresses the elimination of the quaternary ammonium group
- the present inventors have found that When an anion exchange membrane was manufactured and used as a membrane for a fuel cell, the inventors considered that the membrane might be effective for the above problems.
- the bromo long chain alkyl styrene, the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer, and an effective amount of polymerization are used.
- the polymerizable composition containing the initiator is brought into contact with the porous film, and the polymerizable composition is filled in the voids of the porous film and then polymerized, and then the bromoalkyl group has a quaternary ammonium group.
- this anion exchange membrane was useful in that it could be expected to satisfy the properties required for the above-mentioned membrane for fuel cells in terms of heat resistance, but this membrane was used for this fuel cell application. There was room for further improvement in the following points. That is, this diaphragm was inferior in density, and (iv) the permeability of the liquid fuel could not be reduced as expected, and as a result, it was difficult to obtain a sufficiently high battery output.
- Such a phenomenon that the density of the membrane is lowered is a direct liquid fuel type fuel cell in which an anion exchange membrane produced by polymerizing a conventional polymerizable composition containing chloromethylstyrene and a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer is used.
- an anion exchange membrane produced by polymerizing a conventional polymerizable composition containing chloromethylstyrene and a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer is used.
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-272576 Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-272576
- the present invention using the bromoalkylstyrene instead of chloromethylstyrene is used. In some cases, the decline was even more severe and serious.
- the heat resistance of the above-mentioned direct liquid fuel type fuel cell membrane should be improved, the density of the membrane should be good, the liquid fuel permeability should be sufficiently low, and the membrane resistance should be low.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in view of the above problems. As a result, the present inventors succeeded in developing a quaternary ammonium type hydrocarbon anion exchange membrane for the fuel cell that can satisfactorily solve these problems, and proposed the present invention.
- the present invention includes the following matters as a gist.
- An anion exchange membrane in which a porous film is used as a base material and a void is filled with a crosslinked anion exchange resin, wherein the crosslinked anion exchange resin is a main chain or a side chain.
- a diaphragm for a direct liquid fuel type fuel cell comprising an anion exchange resin formed by bonding an anion exchange group-containing group represented by the following formula (1):
- A is a linear, cyclic or branched alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxymethylene group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are combined with each other.
- X ⁇ is an anion selected from the group consisting of hydroxide ion, carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion
- Y represents a bond to the anion exchange resin.
- the membrane resistance measured by the AC impedance method in a wet state at 40 ° C. is 0.005 to 1.2 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2
- the methanol permeability at 25 ° C. is 30 to 800 g ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ hr ⁇ 1.
- the membrane resistance measured by the AC impedance method in a wet state at 40 ° C. is 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2
- the methanol permeability at 25 ° C. is 200 to 750 g ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ hr ⁇ 1.
- a polymerizable composition containing a halogenated hydrocarbon group-containing styrene represented by the following formula (2), a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer, an acid trapping agent and an effective amount of a polymerization initiator is brought into contact with a porous film.
- the polymerizable composition is filled in the voids of the porous film and then polymerized.
- a quaternary ammonium group is introduced into the halogenated hydrocarbon group, and then the counter ion of the quaternary ammonium group is converted into water.
- A represents a linear, cyclic or branched alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxymethylene group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms
- Z represents a halogen atom
- the membrane for direct liquid fuel type fuel cells of the present invention is a quaternary ammonia type anion exchange membrane having a quaternary ammonium group as an anion exchange group, but has high heat resistance. Therefore, it is possible to generate power stably even at a high temperature of 80 ° C. or higher, the activity of the electrode catalyst is improved, and a higher battery output than before can be obtained.
- the present invention by adding an acid trapping agent to the polymerizable composition that is brought into contact with the porous film, foaming of the film during polymerization is suppressed, the film is dense, has low methanol permeability, and film resistance.
- a small quaternary ammonium type anion exchange membrane can be provided.
- the quaternary ammonium type anion exchange membrane has not only unevenness on the surface and a uniform thickness, but all the pores of the base material are filled with anion exchange resin, so that it is wetted by water. No curling or wrinkling.
- an electrode can be easily formed on the quaternary ammonium type anion exchange membrane, and peeling of the formed electrode hardly occurs.
- the direct liquid fuel type fuel cell using this quaternary ammonium type anion exchange membrane as a diaphragm can suppress the crossover of alcohol as a fuel to a low value, and the internal resistance of the cell is also low. Is obtained.
- the diaphragm of the present invention which can obtain a high battery output, a practical high output can be obtained even in a thin film thickness of 5 to 60 ⁇ m (more preferably 7 to 30 ⁇ m). Compactness can be achieved, which is extremely advantageous in a mode in which the device is mounted on a portable device or used by stacking a plurality of fuel cells.
- the anion exchange membrane used in the membrane for a direct liquid fuel type fuel cell of the present invention has a porous film as a base material and an anion exchange group-containing group represented by the following formula (1) in the void portion as a main chain.
- an anion exchange group-containing group represented by the following formula (1) in the void portion as a main chain.
- a crosslinked anion exchange resin having a polymer unit in a side chain as a main polymerization unit is filled.
- A is a linear, cyclic or branched alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxymethylene group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably a linear alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (— ( CH 2 ) m- , m is an integer from 2 to 6), R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are combined with each other.
- An aliphatic hydrocarbon ring may be formed, preferably each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and X ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of hydroxide ion, carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion Anion, and Y represents a bond to the anion exchange resin.
- an alkylene group or alkoxymethylene group (“A” in the above formula) having a long chain length is interposed between the quaternary ammonium group and the aromatic ring, so that the quaternary ammonium group is short in the aromatic ring.
- the bonded state of the quaternary ammonium group is more stable and greatly superior in heat resistance than an anion exchange resin bonded only through a methylene group. Further, since the hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin is filled in the voids of the porous film as the base material, the influence of heat is alleviated, and the heat resistance is further improved.
- A is preferably a linear alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (— (CH 2 ) m -, M is an integer of 2 to 6, and more preferably a linear alkylene group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 constituting the quaternary ammonium group are excellent in conductivity of hydroxide ions which are particularly important when used as a diaphragm for a fuel cell, and a single amount of raw material for producing a resin
- alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms are particularly preferable as R 1 , R 2 and R 3 because they are easily available.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, and the like. Among these, a methyl group is preferable because the above-mentioned effects can be exhibited most remarkably.
- These alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be the same as or different from each other in R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 constituting one quaternary ammonium group. is there.
- Anions (X ⁇ ) are mainly hydroxide ions immediately after ion exchange to the hydroxide ion type after quaternization, but with the carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere over time, carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions. May be replaced. However, when the operation of the fuel cell is started, carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions are ion-exchanged into hydroxide ions, so there is no practical problem except in the initial stage of operation.
- the porous film used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as at least part of the pores of the porous film communicate with the front and back, and is a material that is usually used as a base material for an ion exchange membrane. And known ones in the form can be used without limitation.
- a hydrocarbon-based one is used because of its good affinity with the hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin filled in the voids.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer is substantially free of carbon-fluorine bonds, and most of the main chain and side chain bonds constituting the polymer are constituted by carbon-carbon bonds. The details are the same as the description of the hydrocarbon system in the anion exchange resin described later.
- porous films include, for example, polyolefin-based porous films such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1 And those produced by polyolefin resins such as homopolymers or copolymers of ⁇ -olefins such as pentene and 5-methyl-1-heptene, and engineering plastic porous films include polycarbonates, Manufactured with engineering plastic resins such as polyamides, polyarylates, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyether sulfones, polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones, polysulfones, polyphenylene sulfide The are exemplified. Of these, those made of polyethylene or polypropylene resin are particularly preferred, and those made of polyethylene resin are most preferred.
- Such a porous film can be obtained by, for example, a method described in JP-A-9-216964, JP-A-2002-338721, or a commercially available product (for example, Asahi Kasei “Hypore”, Ube Industries, Ltd.). "Eupor”, “Upilex”, Tonen Tapils “Setera”, Nitto Denko “Exepor”, Mitsui Chemicals “Hillet”, etc.) are also available.
- the average pore diameter of the porous film is generally 0.005 to 5.0 ⁇ m and 0.01 to 1.0 ⁇ m in view of the small membrane resistance and mechanical strength of the obtained anion exchange membrane. More preferably, the thickness is 0.015 to 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the porosity of the polyolefin-based porous membrane is generally 20 to 95%, more preferably 30 to 80%, and more preferably 30 to 50% for the same reason as the average pore diameter. Is most preferred.
- the film thickness of the porous film is generally selected from the range of 5 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 60 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of obtaining a film having a lower membrane resistance, etc. Further, the methanol permeability is low. In consideration of providing balance and necessary mechanical strength, the thickness is most preferably 7 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the average pore diameter of the porous film is a value measured by a half dry method in accordance with ASTM-F316-86.
- the anion exchange resin used in the present invention has a polymer unit having an anion exchange group-containing group represented by the above formula (1) in the main chain or side chain as a main polymer unit and is crosslinked.
- Such cross-linking improves the mechanical strength of the resin and enables reliable filling and holding of the porous film in the voids.
- the effect of reducing the permeability of liquid fuel such as methanol when used as a diaphragm for a direct liquid fuel type fuel cell is exhibited.
- the crosslinking of the anion exchange resin is usually performed by polymerizing the anionic exchange resin by using a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer having two or more polymerizable groups.
- the content ratio of the polymer unit having the anion exchange group-containing group represented by the above formula (1) in the main chain or the side chain, which is the main polymerization unit is usually 50% by mass or more. It is preferably 65% by mass or more from the viewpoint of improving the ion exchange capacity of the resin.
- the content ratio of the unit based on the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer is too high, the content ratio of the anion exchange group-containing group represented by the formula (1) included in the main polymerization unit is decreased.
- the anion exchange resin is not stably held in the voids of the base material, and is preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, preferably 0.5 to More preferably, it is 5 mass%.
- the anion exchange resin has a polymer unit having an anion exchange group-containing group represented by the above formula (1) in the main chain or side chain as a main polymerization unit, and is based on a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer or the like. If it is cross-linked, other units are contained in a range that does not significantly impair the effects of the present invention, specifically, in a range of 49.9% by mass or less, preferably in a range of 34.5% by mass or less. Also good. Such other units include a polymerizable monomer used for introducing a polymer unit having an anion exchange group-containing group represented by the above formula (1) in the main chain or side chain, and crosslinkable polymerization. Introduced from the use of other polymerizable monomers copolymerizable with each of the polymerizable monomers. However, even when other units are introduced in this way, it is desirable that the anion exchange resin be maintained in the hydrocarbon type.
- the anion exchange resin is hydrocarbon-based, as described above, the polymer does not substantially contain a carbon-fluorine bond, and most of the bonds of the main chain and side chain constituting the polymer (however, (Excluding the quaternary ammonium base moiety in the anion exchange group-containing group represented by the formula (1)) means a carbon-carbon bond.
- other atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, boron, and phosphorus are bonded between the bonds constituting the main chain and side chain of the anion exchange resin by ether bond, ester bond, amide bond, siloxane bond, etc. If it is a very small amount, it may be interposed.
- the atoms bonded to the main chain and side chain need not be all hydrogen atoms, and if they are very small, they are substituted with other atoms such as chlorine, bromine, iodine, or substituents containing other atoms. May be.
- the amount of these elements other than carbon and hydrogen is 10 mol in all elements constituting the resin (however, excluding the element of the quaternary ammonium base portion in the anion exchange group-containing group represented by the formula (1)). % Or less, more preferably 5 mol% or less.
- the anion exchange membrane used in the present invention may be produced by any method as long as the above-described requirements are satisfied, but is usually produced by the following method. That is, a polymerizable composition containing a halogenated hydrocarbon group-containing styrene represented by the following formula (2), a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer, an acid trapping agent and an effective amount of a polymerization initiator is brought into contact with the porous film. Then, the polymerizable composition is filled in the voids of the porous film and then polymerized. Then, a quaternary ammonium group is introduced into the halogenated hydrocarbon group, and then the counter ion of the quaternary ammonium group is hydroxylated. This is a method of exchanging ions into product ions.
- Z represents a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably bromine.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon group (AZ) -containing styrene represented by the above formula (2) is specifically bromoethyl styrene, bromopropyl styrene, bromobutyl styrene, bromopentyl styrene, bromo Xyl styrene is exemplified, and among these, bromopropyl styrene, bromobutyl styrene, and bromopentyl styrene are particularly effective, and bromobutyl styrene is most preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
- the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include divinylbenzenes, divinylsulfone, butadiene, chloroprene, divinylbiphenyl, trivinylbenzenes, divinylnaphthalene, diallylamine, and divinylpyridines.
- a divinyl compound such as
- the polymerizable composition containing the halogenated hydrocarbon group-containing styrene represented by the above formula (2) and a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer can be copolymerized with these polymerizable monomers as needed.
- Other polymerizable monomers may be added. Examples of such other monomers include styrene, acrylonitrile, methylstyrene, acrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and vinyl biphenyl.
- plasticizers dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, dibutyl adipate, triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate and the like are used.
- the membrane is inferior in density, and even if it is directly used as a liquid fuel type fuel cell diaphragm, the permeability of the liquid fuel cannot be reduced as expected and the cell output cannot be sufficiently increased.
- the resulting anion exchange membrane has a good improvement in membrane density, without significantly impairing membrane resistance.
- Membrane impermeability and membrane resistance are highly balanced.
- Such an acid trapping agent has a property of chemically or physically absorbing a halogen gas such as bromine gas or a hydrogen halide gas such as hydrogen bromide gas, and is added to a halogenoalkyl group in the polymerizable composition.
- a halogen gas such as bromine gas or a hydrogen halide gas such as hydrogen bromide gas
- it is not particularly limited as long as it is inactive, it has compatibility with other components constituting the polymerizable composition, specifically, halogenated hydrocarbon group-containing styrene as a main component, and halogen etc.
- a compound that maintains a liquid state even after absorption is preferably used.
- a compound that is solubilized by reacting with an acid present in the polymerization composition even when the acid trapping agent is solid can be preferably used.
- the acid trapping agent is compatible with the polymerizable composition, it is uniformly dispersed in the polymerizable composition, so that the halogen can be absorbed reliably. In addition, if it is in a liquid state after absorbing halogen or the like, the acid trapping agent that has absorbed halogen or the like can be removed from the anion exchange membrane after polymerization by simple washing.
- an acid trapping agent for example, a compound having an epoxy group, a secondary amine compound, a primary amine compound and the like can be used, and a compound having an epoxy group is preferably used.
- a known compound having one or more epoxy groups in the molecule can be used without limitation.
- glycidyl etherified products of saturated polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether are particularly preferred.
- Such an epoxy compound can be obtained, for example, by the method described in JP-A-11-158486, or is commercially available (for example, ADEKA “ADEKA SIZER”, Kao “Cabox”, Kyoeisha Chemical “Epolite”, Daicel Chemical) "Cyclomer”, “Dymak”, Nagase ChemteX “Denacol”).
- the polymerization temperature is preferably 80 ° C. or lower, more preferably 75 ° C. or lower.
- Such polymerization initiators include octanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, benzoyl peroxide, t-butylperoxyisobutyrate, t-butylperoxylaur Rate, t-hexyl peroxybenzoate, di-t-butyl peroxide and the like.
- the blending ratio of each component constituting the polymerizable composition is not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range, but when the ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon group-containing styrene is low, If the amount of the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer or polymerization initiator is not sufficient, the polymerization may not proceed sufficiently, or the direct bond type shadow that is a polymer in the base material may not be exhibited. Since the ion exchange resin may not be stably filled, the following ratio is preferable.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon group-containing styrene is 85 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 95 to 99.5% by mass.
- the polymerizable polymerizable monomer is 0.1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- the blending ratio thereof is 49.9% by mass or less, preferably 34.5% by mass in the polymerizable composition. % Or less is preferable.
- the blending ratio of the acid trapping agent in the polymerizable composition is preferably 1 to 12 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the halogenated hydrocarbon group-containing styrene.
- the compounding ratio of the acid trapping agent is more than 1 part by mass, the density of the membrane is sufficiently high, and a membrane having a sufficiently high methanol non-permeability as a diaphragm for a direct liquid fuel type fuel cell is obtained.
- the mixing ratio of the acid trapping agent is less than 12 parts by mass, the excess acid trapping agent hardly bleeds out from the anion exchange resin, and this bleedout causes the anion exchange to the porous membrane. It is possible to suppress the resin from being insufficiently filled and the methanol impermeability from greatly decreasing.
- the blending ratio of the polymerization initiator is not limited as long as it is an amount sufficient for the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable composition to proceed, but in general, it is 1 per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of polymerizable monomers to be used.
- the amount is preferably 10 parts by mass, more preferably 2-5 parts by mass.
- the method for filling the polymerizable composition into the voids of the porous film as the base material is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a method in which the polymerizable composition is applied or sprayed on a porous film, or a method in which the porous film is immersed in the polymerizable composition.
- the polymerization temperature is preferably 80 ° C. or lower, more preferably 40 to 75 ° C. or lower.
- the film-like product obtained after polymerization introduces a quaternary ammonium group to the halogenated hydrocarbon group contained in the resin derived from the halogenated hydrocarbon group-containing styrene.
- the quaternization method may be in accordance with a conventional method. More specifically, the film-like product obtained after polymerization is converted into a NR 1 R 2 R 3 as a raw material for a quaternary ammonium group, R 1, R 2 and R 3 which binds has the same meaning as R 1, R 2 and R 3 in each of the formulas (1).
- a solution containing a tertiary amine such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, etc.
- a quaternary ammonium group having an alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms is introduced, since the reactivity of the tertiary amine used as a raw material is low, a polar solvent such as acetonitrile is used as a solvent for the solution. It is preferable to impregnate at 60 to 90 ° C. under such a condition that the number of moles of tertiary amine is at least twice the mole amount of halogenoalkyl groups contained in the membrane to be reacted.
- the anion exchange membrane thus obtained usually has a quaternary ammonium group having a halogeno ion as a counter ion.
- the anion exchange membrane should be used as a hydroxide ion conductive membrane for fuel cells. Therefore, it is preferable to ion-exchange counter ions of the quaternary ammonium group to hydroxide ions in that it is easy to obtain a high output of the fuel cell.
- the anion exchange membrane is immersed in an aqueous alkali hydroxide solution such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
- concentration of the alkali hydroxide aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and is generally about 0.1 to 2 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1
- the immersion temperature is 5 to 60 ° C.
- the immersion time is about 0.5 to 24 hours. .
- the counter ion of the quaternary ammonium group is mainly hydroxide ion, but over time, it is converted into carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion by carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. May be exchanged.
- carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions are ion-exchanged into hydroxide ions, so there is no practical problem except in the initial stage of operation.
- a porous film is used as a base material, and a polymer unit having an anion exchange group-containing group represented by the above formula (1) in the main chain or side chain in the void is used as the main polymerization unit.
- a polymerizable composition containing an acid trapping agent is used as a raw material.
- the obtained anion exchange membrane has improved uniformity and denseness of the membrane, and is highly balanced between methanol impermeability and membrane resistance.
- the anion exchange membrane uniformity index defined by the following is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 1%.
- the uniformity index is determined by the following method.
- the anion exchange membrane is absolutely dried. The membrane is dried to such an extent that moisture is not substantially contained. The drying condition of the film is about 6 to 24 hours at 30 to 70 ° C. under reduced pressure of 10 Pa or less.
- a 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm square sample is cut out from the central region of the absolutely dry film, and its weight (W0) is measured. The membrane is usually square or rectangular, and the central region indicates the intersection of diagonal lines.
- the square sample is further divided into small pieces of 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm.
- the weight of each piece is measured, the maximum weight and the minimum weight are obtained, and the difference (W1) is calculated.
- the membrane for a fuel cell using the anion exchange membrane preferably has a membrane resistance of 0.005 to 1.2 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 measured by an AC impedance method in a wet state at 40 ° C., and 25
- the methanol permeability at 30 ° C. is 30 to 800 g ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ hr ⁇ 1 .
- the polymerization temperature is preferably a low temperature of 80 ° C. or less.
- the porous film to be used is preferably one having an average pore diameter of 0.001 to 1.0 ⁇ m, a porosity of 30 to 70%, and a film thickness of 3 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the polymerizable composition is also carried out by using each component having the above-mentioned preferable blending ratio, and it is more effective in making the above-mentioned methanol non-permeability and membrane resistance highly balanced. Is.
- the produced anion exchange membrane may have a membrane resistance of 0.005 to 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 measured by an AC impedance method in a wet state at 40 ° C. More preferably, it can be 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 , and is most preferable.
- the methanol permeability at 25 ° C. is more preferable because it can be a low value in the range of 200 to 750 g ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ hr ⁇ 1 .
- the anion exchange membrane used in the present invention obtained by the above production method has an anion exchange capacity of 0.2 to 3 mmol ⁇ g ⁇ 1 , preferably 0.5 to 2.5 mmol ⁇ g ⁇ 1. It is common that.
- the moisture content is maintained at 7% or more, preferably about 10 to 90% at 25 ° C. so that the conductivity of hydroxide ions is not easily lowered by drying. In general, it is difficult for a decrease in conductivity to occur.
- the anion exchange membrane produced as described above is washed and cut as necessary, and used directly as a diaphragm for a liquid fuel type fuel cell according to a conventional method.
- the direct liquid fuel type fuel cell employing the diaphragm of the present invention is generally one having the basic structure shown in FIG. 1 described above, but of course, the direct liquid fuel type fuel cell having another known structure is also used. Can be applied.
- the fuel liquid methanol is the most common, and the effect of the present invention is most prominent.
- ethanol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl ether, hydrazine, and the like have the same excellent effect. Is done.
- the same ion exchange membrane is immersed in a 0.5 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1 -NaCl aqueous solution at 25 ° C. for 4 hours or more, washed thoroughly with ion exchange water, taken out of the membrane, wiped with a tissue paper, etc., and wetted with moisture. The time weight (Wg) was measured. Further, the membrane was dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. for 5 hours and its weight was measured (Dg). Based on the measured values, the ion exchange capacity and water content were determined by the following equations.
- Void ratio [(V ⁇ U / 0.9) / V] ⁇ 100 [%]
- An anion exchange membrane prepared by the method described in Examples or Comparative Examples was allowed to stand for 24 hours or more in the air in a dry state, and was cut after being moistened with ion exchange water at 40 ° C.
- a strip-shaped anion exchange membrane having a length of 6 cm and a length of 2.0 cm was prepared.
- five platinum wires having a line width of 0.3 mm were arranged in the horizontal direction (same direction as the horizontal direction of the anion exchange membrane) at intervals of 0.5 cm, both parallel to each other and in the vertical direction (vertical direction of the anion exchange membrane).
- An insulating substrate arranged in a straight line parallel to the same direction as the direction was prepared, and a measurement sample was prepared by pressing the platinum wire of the insulating substrate against the anion exchange membrane.
- S resistance-to-resistance gradient
- R membrane resistance
- R 2.0 ⁇ L 2 ⁇ S
- R membrane resistance [ ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ]
- L Film thickness [cm]
- S resistance-to-resistance gradient [ ⁇ ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 ]
- anion exchange membrane having a counter ion in the form of hydroxide ion was cut into a 5 cm square size, placed in a polytetrafluoroethylene container, and kept in an oven at 90 ° C. for 500 hours. The anion exchange capacity was measured. An anion exchange capacity retention rate was determined from the ratio of the anion exchange capacity of the membrane after heating to the anion exchange capacity of the membrane before heating, and evaluated as the durability of the anion exchange group.
- the measurement cell has a structure in which the diaphragm 13 is sandwiched between a pair of separators 9 via gaskets 12 as shown in FIG.
- Each separator 9 is a square plate-like body as shown in FIG. 3, and one side thereof is 10 cm.
- a concave portion having a square cross section is provided on the back side of each separator, the depth of the concave portion is 1 mm, and one side of the square is 2.3 mm.
- the gas flow path 10 is formed by the space partitioned by the recess and the diaphragm of one separator
- the liquid flow path 11 is formed by the space partitioned by the recess and the diaphragm of the other separator.
- circular holes having a cross section of 1 mm in diameter are provided on square diagonal lines at both ends of each flow path, specifically, at both ends of the recesses in each separator.
- one hole serves as a circulation gas inlet 10a and the other hole serves as a circulation gas outlet 10b.
- the other separator having the same structure as in FIG.
- the two holes at both ends of the liquid flow path 11 form the flowing liquid inlet and the flowing liquid outlet, respectively.
- the gasket 12 is made of silicone rubber, and is installed so as not to leak gas or liquid from the flow path without closing the concave groove when the cell is assembled.
- measurement was performed in the following procedure. That is, first, the diaphragm was cut into a square having a side of 4 cm with a cutter, and the diaphragm was clamped with a separator via a gasket to assemble a measurement cell.
- a 30% by weight concentration aqueous methanol solution is supplied from the inlet of the circulating liquid to circulate the liquid flow path 11 at a rate of 2 ml ⁇ min ⁇ 1 , and a G3 grade having a pressure of 0.1 MPa from the circulating gas inlet 10a.
- argon gas was supplied and circulated through the gas flow path 10 at a speed of 300 ml ⁇ min ⁇ 1 .
- the argon gas discharged from the circulation gas outlet 10b was introduced into the gas chromatograph and analyzed to quantify the amount of permeated methanol.
- the volume of the gas introduced into the gas chromatograph apparatus was measured using a 5 ml measuring tube so that a constant amount of gas could be analyzed for each measurement. All measurements were performed at 25 ° C. and atmospheric pressure.
- the amount of methanol contained in 5 ml of argon gas to be analyzed is the amount of methanol that has permeated the membrane during a time of (5 / A) min. Therefore, when the detected amount of methanol is Xg and the area of the liquid contact part (gas contact part) of the anion exchange membrane in the cell is Bcm 2 , the methanol permeability [g ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ hr] is given by the following equation: Can be calculated.
- Methanol permeability X / [(5 / A / 60) ⁇ B / 10000]
- Fuel cell output voltage A chloromethylstyrene-styrene copolymer having a molecular weight of 30,000 and a styrene content of 60% by weight is quaternized with trimethylamine and suspended in a large excess of 0.5 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1 -NaOH aqueous solution.
- the catalyst was applied to carbon paper with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a porosity of 80% treated with tetrafluoroethylene so that the catalyst was 2 mg ⁇ cm ⁇ 2, and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 4 hours.
- a diffusion electrode and an oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode were produced.
- the fuel chamber side diffusion electrode and the oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode are set on both surfaces of the fuel cell diaphragm to be measured, respectively, and hot-pressed at 100 ° C. under a pressure of 5 MPa for 100 seconds. Left for a minute.
- a power generation test was conducted at -1 to measure cell terminal voltages at current densities of 0 A ⁇ cm ⁇ 2 and 0.1 A ⁇ cm ⁇ 2 .
- Examples 1 to 7 According to the composition table shown in Table 1, various monomers were mixed to obtain a polymerizable composition. 400 g of the obtained polymerizable composition was put in a 500 ml glass container, and the porous film shown in Table 1 was cut into 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm and immersed therein.
- porous membranes were taken out from the polymerizable composition, coated on both sides of the porous membrane using a 100 ⁇ m polyester film as a release material, and then subjected to nitrogen MPa of 0.3 MPa at the temperatures shown in Table 1. Polymerization was carried out by heating for 5 hours.
- the obtained film was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 6% by weight trimethylamine and 25% by weight acetone for 16 hours at room temperature, and then suspended in a large excess of 0.5 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1 -NaOH aqueous solution. Ions were exchanged from bromide ions to hydroxide ions, and then washed with ion-exchanged water to obtain a fuel cell membrane.
- Example 2 An anion exchange membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no epoxy compound (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Epolite 40E manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added.
- epoxy compound ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Epolite 40E manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the obtained anion exchange membrane was measured for anion exchange capacity, moisture content, membrane uniformity index, membrane resistance, anion exchange group durability, and methanol permeability.
- the anion exchange membrane was non-uniform
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Abstract
Description
(ii)保水力が充分でないため水の補給が必要となる。
(iii)物理的な強度が低いため薄膜化による電気抵抗の低減が困難である。
(iv)燃料にメタノール等の液体燃料を用いた場合に、液体燃料の透過性が高く、酸化剤室側ガス拡散電極に到達した液体燃料がその表面で酸素または空気と反応するため過電圧が増大し、出力電圧が低下する。
R1、R2およびR3は夫々独立に炭素数が1~8の直鎖状、環状または分岐状アルキル基であり、R1、R2およびR3のうちの2つは互いに共同して脂肪族炭化水素環を形成していてもよく、
X-は、水酸化物イオン、炭酸イオンおよび重炭酸イオンからなる群から選択される陰イオンであり、
Yは、前記陰イオン交換樹脂への結合手を示す。
[1] 前記陰イオン交換膜を絶乾する。
[2] 絶乾膜の中心部領域から5cm×5cmの正方形試料を切り出し、その重量(W0)を測定する。
[3] 該正方形試料をさらに5mm×5mmに小片に分割する。
[4] 各小片の重量を測定し、最大重量と最小重量とを求めその差(W1)を算出する。
[5] 各小片の平均重量(W0/100)に対する、最大重量と最小重量との差(W1)の比率(百分率)[W1/(W0/100)]×100を膜の均一性指標とする。
1;電池隔壁
2;燃料流通孔
3;酸化剤ガス流通孔
4;燃料室側拡散電極
5;酸化剤室側ガス拡散電極
6;固体高分子電解質(陰イオン交換膜)
7;燃料室
8;酸化剤室
9;セパレータ
10;ガス流路
10a;流通ガスの入口
10b;流通ガスの出口
11;液体流路
12;シリコーンゴム製ガスケット
13;隔膜
R1、R2およびR3は夫々独立に炭素数が1~8の直鎖状、環状または分岐状アルキル基であり、R1、R2およびR3のうちの2つは互いに共同して脂肪族炭化水素環を形成していてもよく、好ましくは夫々独立に炭素数が1~3のアルキル基であり、X-は、水酸化物イオン、炭酸イオンおよび重炭酸イオンからなる群から選択される陰イオンであり、
Yは、前記陰イオン交換樹脂への結合手を示す。
空隙率=[(V-U/X)/V]×100[%]
[1] 前記陰イオン交換膜を絶乾する。膜の乾燥は、水分が実質的に含有されない程度にまで行われる。膜の乾燥条件は、10Pa以下の減圧下、30~70℃で6~24時間程度である。
[2] 絶乾膜の中心部領域から5cm×5cmの正方形試料を切り出し、その重量(W0)を測定する。膜は、通常は正方形状または長方形状であり、中心部領域とは、対角線の交点を示す。
[3] 該正方形試料をさらに5mm×5mmに小片に分割する。
[4] 各小片の重量を測定し、最大重量と最小重量とを求めその差(W1)を算出する。
[5] 各小片の平均重量(W0/100)に対する、最大重量と最小重量との差(W1)の比率(百分率)[W1/(W0/100)]×100を膜の均一性指標とする。
陰イオン交換膜を、0.5mol・L-1-NaCl水溶液に10時間以上浸漬し、塩化物イオン型とした後、0.2mol・L-1-NaNO3水溶液で硝酸イオン型に置換させ遊離した塩化物イオンを、硝酸銀水溶液を用いて電位差滴定装置(COMTITE-900、平沼産業株式会社製)で定量した(Amol)。次に、同じイオン交換膜を0.5mol・L-1-NaCl水溶液に25℃下で4時間以上浸漬し、イオン交換水で十分水洗した後膜を取り出しティッシュペーパー等で表面の水分を拭き取り湿潤時の重さ(Wg)を測定した。さらに膜を60℃で5時間減圧乾燥させその重量を測定した(Dg)。上記測定値に基づいて、イオン交換容量および含水率を次式により求めた。
含水率=100×(W-D)/D[%]
ASTM-F316-86に準拠し、ハーフドライ法にて測定した。
多孔質膜の体積(Vcm3)と質量(Ug)を測定し、多孔質膜の材質であるポリエチレンの樹脂密度を0.9(g・cm-3)として、下記の式により算出した。
陰イオン交換膜を2Paの減圧下、50℃で12時間乾燥した。絶乾膜の中心部領域から5cm×5cmの正方形試料を切り出し、その重量(W0)を測定した。次いで、正方形試料をさらに5mm×5mmに小片に分割した。各小片の重量を測定し、最大重量と最小重量とを求めその差(W1)を算出した。各小片の平均重量(W0/100)に対する、最大重量と最小重量との差(W1)の比率(百分率)[W1/(W0/100)]×100から膜の均一性指標を求めた。
実施例または比較例に記載した方法によって調製した陰イオン交換膜を大気中、乾燥状態で24時間以上放置したものを40℃のイオン交換水に湿潤させた後に切断し、横約6cm、縦2.0cmの短冊状の陰イオン交換膜を準備した。次いで、線幅0.3mmの白金線5本を、横方向(陰イオン交換膜の横方向と同じ方向)に0.5cm間隔で、何れも互いに平行で且つ縦方向(陰イオン交換膜の縦方向と同じ方向)に対して平行となる直線状に配置した絶縁基板を準備し、該絶縁基板の前記白金線を前記陰イオン交換膜に押し当てることにより測定用試料を作成した。
R :膜抵抗[Ω・cm2]
L :膜厚[cm]
S :抵抗極間勾配[Ω・cm-1]
対イオンを水酸化物イオン型にした陰イオン交換膜を5cm角の寸法に切り出し、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン製容器に入れ、90℃のオーブン中、500時間保持し、陰イオン交換容量を測定した。加熱前の膜の陰イオン交換容量に対する過熱後の膜の陰イオン交換容量の割合からなる陰イオン交換容量保持率を求め、陰イオン交換基の耐久性として評価した。
陰イオン交換膜を介して互いに隣接する2つの流路に、それぞれメタノール水溶液およびアルゴンガスを流通させ、流路出口におけるアルゴンガスに含まれるメタノール濃度からメタノール透過率を求めた。このとき、上記濃度の測定は、図2及び図3に示す構造のメタノール透過率測定セルを用いて行った。
分子量3万、スチレン含量60重量%からなるクロルメチルスチレン-スチレン共重合体をトリメチルアミンで4級化した後、大過剰の0.5mol・L-1-NaOH水溶液中に懸濁して水酸化物イオンにイオン交換した陰イオン交換樹脂のテトラヒドロフラン溶液(樹脂濃度5重量%)と白金とルテニウム合金触媒(ルテニウム50mol%)50重量%担持のカーボンブラックとを混合したものを、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンで撥水化処理した厚さ100μm、空孔率80%のカーボンペーパー上に、触媒が2mg・cm-2となるように塗布し、80℃で4時間減圧乾燥し、燃料室側拡散電極および酸化剤室側ガス拡散電極をそれぞれ製造した。
表1に示した組成表に従って、各種単量体等を混合して重合性組成物を得た。得られた重合性組成物400gを500mlのガラス容器に入れ、表1に示した多孔質フィルムを20cm×20cmにカットして浸漬した。
実施例1においてブロモブチルスチレンをクロロメチルスチレンに置き換えた以外は実施例1と同じ操作を行い、燃料電池隔膜を得た。
実施例1においてエポキシ化合物(エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、共栄社化学製エポライト40E)を添加しなかった以外は実施例1と同じ操作を行い、陰イオン交換膜を得た。
Claims (7)
- 多孔質フィルムを母材とし、その空隙部に、架橋された陰イオン交換樹脂が充填された陰イオン交換膜であって、上記架橋された陰イオン交換樹脂は、主鎖または側鎖に、下記式(1)で示される陰イオン交換基含有基が結合してなる陰イオン交換樹脂を含む直接液体燃料型燃料電池用隔膜:
R1、R2およびR3は夫々独立に炭素数が1~8の直鎖状、環状または分岐状アルキル基であり、R1、R2およびR3のうちの2つは互いに共同して脂肪族炭化水素環を形成していてもよく、
X-は、水酸化物イオン、炭酸イオンおよび重炭酸イオンからなる群から選択される陰イオンであり、
Yは、前記陰イオン交換樹脂への結合手を示す。 - 下記により定義される前記陰イオン交換膜の均一性指標が30%以下である請求項1記載の直接液体燃料型燃料電池用隔膜。
[1]前記陰イオン交換膜を絶乾する。
[2] 絶乾膜の中心部領域から5cm×5cmの正方形試料を切り出し、その重量(W0)を測定する。
[3] 該正方形試料をさらに5mm×5mmに小片に分割する。
[4] 各小片の重量を測定し、最大重量と最小重量とを求めその差(W1)を算出する。
[5] 各小片の平均重量(W0/100)に対する、最大重量と最小重量との差(W1)の比率(百分率)[W1/(W0/100)]×100を膜の均一性指標とする。 - 40℃湿潤状態での交流インピーダンス法により測定した膜抵抗が0.005~1.2Ω・cm2であり、且つ25℃におけるメタノール透過率が30~800g・m-2・hr-1である請求項1記載の直接液体燃料型燃料電池用隔膜。
- 40℃湿潤状態での交流インピーダンス法により測定した膜抵抗が0.01~0.2Ω・cm2であり、且つ25℃におけるメタノール透過率が200~750g・m-2・hr-1である請求項1記載の直接液体燃料型燃料電池用隔膜。
- 前記酸トラップ剤が、エポキシ基を有する化合物である請求項5に記載の直接液体燃料型燃料電池用隔膜の製造方法。
- 前記重合を80℃以下で行う請求項5または6に記載の直接液体燃料型燃料電池用隔膜の製造方法。
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JP2012079619A (ja) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-04-19 | Tokuyama Corp | 固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜及びその製造方法 |
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EP2226875A1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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