WO2008123558A1 - チタン酸アルカリ及びチタン酸アルカリの中空体粉末の製造方法、並びにこれにより得られたチタン酸アルカリ及びその中空体粉末、並びにこれを含む摩擦材 - Google Patents
チタン酸アルカリ及びチタン酸アルカリの中空体粉末の製造方法、並びにこれにより得られたチタン酸アルカリ及びその中空体粉末、並びにこれを含む摩擦材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008123558A1 WO2008123558A1 PCT/JP2008/056620 JP2008056620W WO2008123558A1 WO 2008123558 A1 WO2008123558 A1 WO 2008123558A1 JP 2008056620 W JP2008056620 W JP 2008056620W WO 2008123558 A1 WO2008123558 A1 WO 2008123558A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- titanate
- powder
- hollow body
- alkali
- shape
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 208
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 150
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims description 87
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
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- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 29
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
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- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 18
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- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.NC(N)=N.OC(O)=O STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N semicarbazide Chemical compound NNC(N)=O DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/005—Alkali titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
- C09K3/1427—Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by melting, at least partially, e.g. with a binder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
- C01P2004/12—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like with a cylindrical shape
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
- C01P2004/34—Spheres hollow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/54—Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/006—Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles
- F16D2200/0065—Inorganic, e.g. non-asbestos mineral fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/298—Physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an alkali titanate, an alkali titanate obtained by this method, and a friction material containing the alkali titanate. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a hollow body powder of alkali titanate, a hollow body powder obtained by this method, and a friction material containing this powder.
- Alkali titanate is a useful material as a friction material for friction members such as brake linings, disk pads, and clutch fusing that constitute braking devices in automobiles, railway vehicles, airplanes, and industrial machinery.
- a friction material a friction material in which aspest (asbestos) is dispersed in an organic or inorganic binder and formed by binding has been used.
- asbestos asbestos
- asbestos has insufficient friction and wear properties such as heat resistance, and has environmental health problems such as carcinogenicity, so there has been a strong demand for the development of alternatives in recent years. This is an urgent issue.
- friction materials have been proposed that use aluminum titanate such as fibrous titanate strength as a base material or friction modifier.
- potassium titanate does not have carcinogenic properties such as asbestos, has excellent heat resistance, and has the excellent properties of being effective in preventing fade phenomenon and improving the thermal stability of friction properties.
- ⁇ is 6 or 8 potassium titanate or 8 titanium
- the acid potassium fiber has a tunnel crystal structure, and the friction material containing this has a particularly excellent heat resistance. It has sex.
- WHO fibers used as inhalable fibers other than fibrous compounds with an average minor axis of 3 m or less, average fiber length of 5 m or more, and aspect ratio of 3 or more) It is not.
- the conventional manufacturing method of aluminum titanate fiber or aluminum titanate whisker is complicated.
- a titanium compound such as titanium oxide is mixed with a power lithium compound such as carbonic acid lithium. It is made by firing, then dipped in water, woven, neutralized with acid, adjusted for potassium and dried.
- potassium 6 titanate and potassium 8 titanate which are excellent in heat resistance, have a tunnel structure, so it is preferable to grow crystals in a whisker shape or a fine fiber shape.
- a friction material containing a layered or plate-like aluminum titanate as a friction adjusting material instead of a fiber-like material (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- This friction modifier is a layered 'plate-like potassium titanate having a major axis of 10 to 500 m, a minor axis (thickness) of 50 to: L 0 00 nm, and has no fiber shape.
- the fluidity is inferior and there is little risk of clogging the supply channel in the manufacturing process.
- the working environment will not deteriorate due to inhalation.
- Patent Document 3 a frame process is performed by a vibration mill, and then lithium titanate or the like is synthesized at a predetermined temperature.
- ilmenite containing a relatively large amount of impurities such as iron is used as a raw material, so that the alkali titanate produced by the production method contains a large amount of impurities, and treatment for removing this is necessary.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2 0 0 0-2 6 5 1 5 7
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-2-9 4 5 5 3
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2 0 0 3-3 3 5 5 1 9 Disclosure of Invention
- the object of the present invention is high in thermal stability, and is excellent as a base material fiber and friction modifier for a friction material, and has a simple shape such as a rod shape and a column shape with little fiber shape. It is another object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive and inexpensive alkali titanate production method, an aluminum titanate obtained by this method, and a friction material containing the aluminum titanate. In particular, titanium oxide and alkali raw materials can be mixed uniformly, and the reactivity is good. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an aluminum titanate having a desired composition with high properties.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an alkali titanate hollow body powder excellent as a friction modifier, a $ 3 ⁇ 4t method, a hollow body powder obtained by the method, and a friction material containing the hollow body powder. There is. Means for solving the problem
- the present inventors examined the appearance, and as a result, by adopting a new manufacturing method different from the manufacturing method of ⁇ ⁇ aluminum titanate, mainly rod-shaped, columnar, circular Columnar, strip-like or plate-like shape, crystallinity, ease of obtaining an aluminum titanate compound with a high desired composition of the boat, and titanium bonded with this titanate alloy compound particle It is easy to obtain an aluminum titanate hollow body powder consisting of an acid aluminum shell, and it has excellent removability when this titanate or hollow body powder is used as a friction modifier. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is a method in which an aggregate or granulated titanium-based compound and an aluminum-based composite compound having an average particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm are mixed by powder mixing, and a mixture obtained by the mixing is obtained. It is a production method characterized in that an aluminum titanate is produced by a firing reaction. Since the present invention uses agglomerates or granulated materials as a raw material, it can be uniformly mixed during the mixing of the powdered cake, and in particular, by mixing the powdered powder with a vibrating pad mill, uniform mixing with less sticking of the pulverized material to the inside of the mill. Can do. In addition, it is possible to suppress the sticking by mixing the powder including an additive for preventing sticking or aggregation and to achieve more uniform mixing.
- the mixture may contain metal titanium powder or hydrogen titanium powder.
- metal titanium powder or hydrogen titanium powder it is preferable to use an aggregate or granulated body of titanium oxide as the titanic acid compound, and it is preferable to use carbonates and hydroxides of alkali metal as the alkali metal compound.
- the Al-strength metal compound is produced using a compound consisting of at least one selected from striking lithium, sodium and lithium as a raw material.
- potassium titanate having a desired composition can be produced by setting the firing temperature range to 800 to 130 ° C.
- potassium titanate having a large (long) average minor axis and average length (average major axis) can be produced.
- the average minor axis is 1 or more and the average aspect ratio (major axis Z is short) Potassium titanate having a diameter of 1.5 to 10 can be obtained, and the rate of temperature rise is 2 ° C to 5 t: Z minutes, and the rate of temperature rise is 1 00 0 to 1 3 0 0 ° It is also possible to obtain potassium titanate having an average minor axis of 1 / xm to 3 m and an average major axis of 3 zm to 5 tm in the present invention.
- the present invention provides a friction material containing acid strength as a friction modifier.
- the alkali titanate produced by the above-described method is dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry, and then the slurry of this titanate is spray-dried to obtain an alkali titanate.
- the hollow body powder is produced.
- a heat treatment step may be further performed at a temperature not lower than 50 ° C and not higher than 1300 ° C.
- the present invention provides a friction material comprising this hollow powder as a friction modifier.
- alkali titanate produced by the above method, and Mohs hard An inorganic oxide powder having a degree of 6 to 9 is dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry, and then the slurry is sprayed to form a hollow body powder of aluminum titanate. Further, after the soot drying step, there may be a step of further heat-treating at a temperature not lower than 75 ° C. and not higher than 1300 ° C. Further, the content of the inorganic oxide powder having a Mohs hardness of 6 to 9 is preferably 1 to 3% by weight with respect to the above-mentioned titanic acid strength.
- an average minor axis is 3 xm or more and 1 Om or less
- an average aspect ratio (major axis Z minor axis) is A shell-structured alkali titanate hollow body powder composed of 1.5 to 10 aluminum titanate particles and Mohs hardness 6 to 9 inorganic oxide particles
- Hollow body powder can also be obtained.
- the present invention provides a friction material containing the hollow body powder as a friction modifier.
- the formation of ⁇ ! -Shaped alkali titanate particles is suppressed, and a relatively large minor axis (preferably an average diameter of 3 m or more) of plate-like columnar aluminum titanate particles, and A shell-shaped hollow body powder composed of such aluminum titanate particles can be easily and inexpensively produced.
- the titanium compound and granulated titanium compound and the aluminum compound such as a potassium compound are first uniformly mixed in a vibration mill, particularly a vibration rock mill, and then the subsequent baking reaction. Proceeds uniformly. For this reason, it is possible to obtain an aluminum titanate having a desired composition, in particular potassium titanate or Z and potassium titanate, without performing the component adjustment step after the firing reaction.
- the friction material containing such alkali titanate particularly such an alkali titanate hollow powder, has a stable and excellent friction coefficient and wear resistance over a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature. Therefore, it was used as a material for braking members used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, various industrial equipment, etc., for example, clutch fading materials and brake lining materials such as brake linings and disk pads. If braking Improved functions, stabilization, and improved service life can be obtained Brief description of drawings
- FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of titanium oxide of the casing according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a commercially available titanium oxide for pigments.
- FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of potassium titanate produced by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of potassium titanate produced under different firing conditions according to the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of potassium titanate produced under still another firing condition according to the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of potassium titanate produced under still another firing condition according to the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the hollow body powder of aluminum titanate according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a scanning electron micrograph of a hollow body powder of aluminum titanate obtained by another M method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a scanning electron micrograph of a hollow body powder of aluminum titanate produced by still another production method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a scanning electron micrograph of an alkali titanate hollow powder produced by still another production method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a Zr image obtained by a scanning electron microscope with an electron microanalyzer (EPM A: E1ctr0n Probe Microanalyzer) force applied to the hollow body powder shown in FIG.
- EPM A electron microanalyzer
- FIG. 12 is a scanning electron micrograph of a potassium titanate produced by a conventional production method.
- titanium compound used in the production method of the present invention examples include titanium dioxide, titanous oxide, orthotitanic acid or a salt thereof, metatitanic acid or a salt thereof, 7] titanium oxide, peroxotiuric acid or a salt thereof, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, titanium dioxide is preferable. This is because it is excellent in mixing and reactivity with the alkali metal compound and is inexpensive.
- the crystal form is preferably a rutile type or an anatase type. In particular, when rutile type titanium dioxide is used, the resulting crystal of the titanic acid titanate is preferable.
- aggregates or granules of these titanium compounds are used as raw materials.
- titanium dioxide aggregates (including granules) or granulated bodies are particularly preferable, and the average particle diameter is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 to: L 0 mm, and even more preferably. Or 0.5-: L mm. This is because if the average particle size is too small, it cannot be uniformly mixed with the alkali metal compound, and if mixed with a mill having a high powder frame energy such as a vibration mill in order to mix more uniformly, it adheres. This is because mixing becomes difficult. On the other hand, if it is too large, uniform mixing becomes difficult and the efficiency becomes poor.
- the aggregate in the present invention means secondary particles aggregated by primary particles, tertiary particles aggregated by secondary particles, or n + primary particles aggregated by n-order particles of Z and higher (n is
- FIG. 1 shows a SEM photograph of a titanium oxide aggregate preferably used in the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a SEM photograph of a conventional commercially available titanium oxide powder (for pigments).
- the average particle diameter of the aggregate or granulated body of the titanium compound in the present invention refers to a value measured according to a screening test method for chemical products of JI S K 0 0 6 9. Further, in the present specification, when the average particle diameter of the whole body or granulated body is referred to, it is measured by this method unless otherwise noted.
- Such titanium dioxide is produced from titanium sulfate or titanyl sulfate (sulfuric acid-acid titanium) or produced by oxidizing or hydrolyzing titanium tetrachloride (gas phase oxidation). Titanium), or an aqueous solution of titanium tetrachloride or alkoxy titanium can be neutralized or added to form M. In particular, these are usually adjusted in the particle size by pulverizing, pulverizing or classifying the aggregated particles in the manufacturing process before making the final product such as titanium oxide for pigments.
- the intermediate product before this treatment, so-called clinker is preferably used as a raw material.
- the clinker is a preferable aggregate of the titanium compound of the present invention, and by using the aggregate as a raw material, the mixture is uniformly mixed while suppressing the adhering of the mixture during mixing with the alkali metal compound. As a result, it is possible to obtain the desired aluminum titanate without undergoing processing such as adjustment of the ingredients of the raw material.
- a granulated body of titanium compound may be used instead of the aggregate of titanium compound.
- a granulated body can be produced by granulating commercially available fine titanium oxide by spray drying, adding a binder and kneading and granulating.
- a mechanical mixing means such as a vibration mill with high powder energy
- adhesion and sticking to the inner wall of the vibration mill can be suppressed. wear.
- the titanium compound and the alkali metal compound can be uniformly mixed as in the above-described aggregate titanium compound.
- the mixing ratio of the raw materials when producing the alkali titanate is alkali
- the alkali metal titanate (M 2 0 ⁇ n T i 0 2 ) where M is an alkali metal, formed after the firing reaction of the metal compound is 1 mole
- the titanium compound in the aggregate or granulated material is 0 5 to 10 moles, preferably 1 to 8 moles
- the alkali metal complex is 1 to 3 moles, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 moles as an alkali metal atom.
- titanate Kariumu when four potassium titanate ⁇ beam generating after firing reaction (kappa 2 ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ i 0 2) and 1 mole of titanium dioxide ⁇ or granulation
- the body is 3.5 to 4.5 mol as titanium atom, preferably 3.8 to 4.2 mol, particularly preferably 4.0 mol, and potassium compound is 1.8 to 2.2 mol as potassium atom.
- 1 mol of potassium titanate (K 2 6 6 Ti 2 ) produced after the calcination reaction is used.
- the potassium compound as a potassium atom is preferably 1.8 to 2.2 mol, preferably Is 1.9 to 2.1 mol, particularly preferably 2 mol.
- metal titanium powder or titanium hydride powder is added. Since the powder is oxidized to titanium dioxide, it is necessary to adjust the mixing ratio by including the titanium metal powder or titanium hydride powder as a titanium source of the titanium compound in the aggregate or granulated body.
- the composition of the final product, alkali titanate can be controlled simply by adjusting the raw material ratio.
- the conventional method when the titanium compound and the alkali metal compound are reacted, the reactivity is low and the alkali metal compound is lost, so the alkali metal compound is used in excess of the theoretical amount.
- a mixture of a titanium compound and an alkali metal compound having a theoretical amount almost the same as the final composition of the target alkali titanate is used as a raw material, and this is subjected to a calcination reaction to obtain a target composition. Al titanate strength can be obtained.
- the mixing method in the present invention either a dry mixing method or a wet mixing method can be adopted, but the dry mixing method is preferable from the viewpoint of simplifying the process.
- the conventional V-type renderer, pole mill, or the like cannot sufficiently and uniformly mix the aggregate or granulated titanium compound and the Al metal compound.
- mechanical dusting means such as a vibration mill, a vibration rod mill, a vibration pole mill, a bead mill, a Yuichi pomil, and a planetary pole mill.
- a vibrating rod mill filled with job rods as grinding media is particularly preferred.
- the titanium compound and the alkali metal compound in an agglomerate or granulated material are mixed while being powdered to powder a powder having a large particle size between the rods, while a finer powder is passed as in a pole mill.
- titanium oxide has strong adhesion due to the hydroxyl groups originally present on the surface, and the specific surface area increases as the particle size decreases. For this reason, pulverized material is easily fixed inside the vibration mill when over-pulverized, but in the present invention, such pulverized material is prevented from sticking, and uniform powder mixing is possible compared to other mixing methods.
- an aggregate or granulated body of titanium dioxide is used as a raw material as an aggregate of the titanium compound as described above, and this is mixed with a powder frame by a vibrating rod mill, The soot particles are crushed in a powder frame,
- the titanium dioxide is prevented from sticking inside the mill and can be mixed uniformly.
- powders such as titanium dioxide pigments are used as raw materials, even fine primary particles are easily powdered and easily fixed, and uniform mixing is difficult.
- titanium ore such as ilmenite
- the expression “homogeneous” refers to a case where the titanium compound of the casing or granulated body in the present invention is not used as a raw material, for example, a pigment such as titanium dioxide powder, which is mixed with an alkali metal compound.
- the amount of alcohol added is 0.1 to 3.0% by weight with respect to the weight of all pulverized materials, including titanium compounds and alkali metal compounds, and additives such as anti-agglomeration agents described later. It is preferable to be 0.3 to 1.0% by weight.
- the temperature inside the mill be higher than the boiling point of the alcohol to be added, and the powder be mixed while the alcohol is vaporized.
- Alcohols include methanol, ethanol, amyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol, ethylene diol, propylene glycol, erythrol, 2-pentene-1, 4-diol, glycerin, pen erythritol, arabit , Solenoid, peptide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polydaricerin and the like.
- methanol and ethanol having a relatively low boiling point are preferred.
- an additive such as an anti-agglomeration agent or a lubricant may be added to suppress aggregation and sticking of the titanium compound in a mixing vessel such as a vibration mill.
- the additive is preferably an additive that decomposes, burns or vaporizes when the titanium compound and alkali metal compound mixture is fired and does not remain in the generated alkali titanate.
- examples of such additives include celluloses, fatty acids, sugars, cereals, ureas, and polymers.
- sugars such as methylcellulose, lignin, wood flour, parf, natural humus, stearic acid, ammonium stearate, sorbite distearate, xylose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, starch, dextrin, Wheat flour, soybean flour, rice flour, sugar, urea, pirea, semicarbazide, guanidine carbonate, aminoguanidine, azodicarbonamide, acrylic resin powder, polypropylene powder, polyethylene powder, polystyrene powder, etc. And powdery Some wood flour, pulp flour and natural fiber flour are preferred.
- the wet mixing method when used as the mixing method in the present invention, pure water, ordinary organic solvents such as alcohol, acetone, ME K, and THF are used as the solvent, but the dispersibility of the mixed powder is improved. In order to achieve uniform mixing, it is preferable to use a surfactant or a dispersant together.
- the mixture of the titanium compound and the granulated body of the titanium compound and the alkali metal compound may further contain metal titanium powder or titanium hydride powder.
- the amount be 0.01 to 0.2 mol, more preferably 0.03 to 0.1 mol, relative to 1 mol of titanium atom in the titanium compound.
- the alkali metal compound of the present invention is preferably one or more metals selected from potassium, sodium and lithium compounds.
- a strength rhodium compound that is a raw material of titanic acid strength rhodium useful as a friction modifier is preferred.
- a lithium compound which is a raw material of lithium titanate useful as an electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery is also preferably used.
- the alkali metal compound include carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, and the like, and those that melt in the calcination reaction are preferable, and carbonates or hydroxides are particularly preferable.
- potassium titanate as the potassium compound, potassium oxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium oxalate, or the like is used, and potassium carbonate is preferably used. These potassium compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- sodium titanate sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium oxalate, etc. are used as the sodium compound, preferably sodium carbonate.
- lithium titanate they are lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, and lithium carbonate is preferred.
- a titanium compound such as titanium oxide and a power lithium compound such as carbonic acid lithium are mixed to perform a baking reaction.
- a lithium compound such as lithium carbonate is mixed with a strong lithium compound so that the shape of the resulting strong titanic acid lithium is controlled.
- alkaline earth metal compounds such as magnesium compounds and barium compounds is also preferable because the formation of fiber-like crystals can be suppressed.
- other compounds, such as inorganic oxides may be added in a minute amount so as not to affect the formation of alkali titanate.
- the inorganic oxide for example, C E_ ⁇ 2, W 0 3, Z R_ ⁇ 2, Z r (C_ ⁇ 3) 2, C a C_ ⁇ 3 and the like.
- the homogenous mixture of the body or granulated titanium compound and the Al-rich metal compound obtained as described above is fired to react the titanium compound and the Al-rich metal compound.
- rod-like, columnar, columnar, strip-like, granular and Z- or plate-like alkali titanates are obtained.
- Firing is carried out in a reaction vessel, or a binder is added to the mixture to form a molded body, which is directly fired.
- the reaction vessel for firing is preferably made of ceramics and is made of a normal ceramic material such as alumina, and the air that is in contact with the mixture when the mixture is placed or charged is present.
- a shape that does not easily penetrate is used. Specifically, a cylindrical thing, a cylindrical thing with a crevice, a square thing with a crevice, a dish-like thing, etc. are mentioned. Among these, a cylindrical or rectangular object having a depth enough to have a recess formed in a part of these is preferable in order to prevent infiltration of oxygen in the air during firing.
- a sheet material made of a material to be carbonized be interposed at least at the bottom of the ceramic reaction vessel between the ceramic reaction vessel and the mixture.
- the sheet material By interposing, it can be avoided that the alkali metal compound in the mixture is melted at the time of firing and the alkali metal compound is lost or the molten alkali metal compound penetrates into the ceramic reaction vessel.
- these sheet materials are interposed at least in the inner wall portion formed by the concave portion of the ceramic reaction vessel with the mixture, the loss of the potassium compound and the penetration into the ceramic reaction vessel are more reliably ensured. It is more preferable because it can be avoided.
- these sheet materials are particularly effective when they are interposed in the entire inner wall portion formed by the recesses of the ceramic reaction vessel, because loss of the Al metal compound and penetration into the ceramic reaction vessel can be avoided almost completely. I like it.
- a sheet material made of carbonized material is carbonized when fired and finally burned out, and a material that does not generate softened or fluidized material during firing is used.
- paper natural materials are used. Birch, bark or hatching resin is used.
- ordinary paper such as vinyl chloride, which is hard to carbonize and softens, is used, and so-called unbleached kraft paper, double-bleached kraft paper, single-sided bleached packaging, etc.
- Information paper such as paper, art paper, and PPC paper is used.
- cotton, hemp, silk, etc. are used as natural humility.
- the chemical resin include phenol resin, epoxy resin, and melamine tree fl.
- the sheet material shall be a sheet, woven fabric, non-woven fabric or bag.
- the firing temperature varies depending on the type of aluminum titanate and the crystal form, but in the case of potassium titanate, it is usually from 80 to 130 ° C, preferably from 100 to 130. Perform at ° C.
- the shape of the obtained potassium titanate can be controlled by adjusting the firing, and a larger potassium titanate can be obtained by performing the firing at a higher temperature. However, if the temperature is lower than 80 ° C., the reaction does not proceed sufficiently.
- firing at a high temperature exceeding 1300 ° C requires a furnace that can withstand it, which is expensive, close to the melting point of potassium titanate, and melted, making it difficult to control the shape. 1 3 0 Firing at a temperature not higher than o ° c is preferred.
- the temperature is usually from 80 to 100 ° C., preferably from 85 to 95 ° C. In the case of i 2 T i 0 3 , it is usually 9 5 0 ⁇ : L 4 5 0 ° (:, preferably 9 5 0 ⁇ 1 2 0 0 ° C. 6 In the case of sodium titanate In general, the temperature is from 400 to 90 ° C., preferably from 500 to 80 ° C. The firing time is from 1 to 10 hours, preferably from 2 to 5 hours, in the above temperature range.
- the alkali titanate of the present invention can be obtained by adjusting the speed, in particular, in the method for producing potassium titanate of the present invention, such a firing rate, a relatively slow temperature increase rate, and a relatively slow rate.
- the length of the average minor axis can be controlled by, for example, baking at 100 ° C.
- the aluminum titanate obtained as described above is mechanically crushed or powdered as necessary.
- fibrous potassium titanate having a minor axis of 3 m or less and a major axis of 5 m or more it is preferable that the major axis of 5 m or more is unframed and made smaller.
- known means can be adopted, such as a vibration mill, a vibration pole mill, a bead mill, an evening pomil, a planet A pole mill or the like is used. If necessary, classify or sieve the aluminum titanate after crushing or grinding. In particular! When ⁇ !-Like potassium titanate is included, it is preferable to classify or sieve to remove those with a minor axis of 3 m or less or powders.
- the titanium compound of the aggregate or granulated body and the alkali metal compound are pulverized and uniformly mixed, and then the firing reaction is performed.
- An alkali titanate compound having a composition is obtained.
- the target potassium titanate, potassium titanate, or a mixture of these substances can be obtained without adjusting the components such as pH adjustment and acid washing, which were performed after the firing reaction in ⁇ i of titanium titanate. It can be obtained by direct firing reaction.
- the potassium titanate obtained by the method of the present invention has an average minor axis (or average thickness) of 3.0 to 10 m and an average aspect ratio (major axis Z minor axis) of 1.5 to 1.
- the average minor axis is a value measured by image swell of a scanning electron micrograph, and is the value obtained by measuring the particle diameter of about 200 particles and averaging them (in the examples described below). The average minor axis and average length (average major axis) were also measured in the same manner). Similarly, the average aspect ratio was obtained by measuring the average minor axis and average length (average major axis) with a scanning electron microscope and calculating the ratio. It is also a preferred embodiment that the above potassium titanate is mechanically crushed or ground to adjust the aspect ratio to less than 3, preferably less than 2.5.
- potassium titanate having an average minor axis of 1 to 3 ⁇ by adjusting the heating rate.
- the average minor axis is as short as 3 m or less, but if necessary, the average major axis can be adjusted to 3 m to 5 / xm by using a frame or powder frame, which is within the WTO recommended range. Potassium titanate can be obtained.
- the potassium titanate produced by the method of the present invention is represented by the general formula K 2 0 ′ n T i 0 2 (where ⁇ is an integer of 1 to 12).
- ⁇ is 2, 4 In 6 and 8
- potassium titanate is a powder of the titanate having a specific shape as described above, that is, a rod shape, a columnar shape, a columnar shape, a strip shape or a plate shape. It may be a mixture with potassium titanate having a shape.
- the fluidity is further improved, and when this is used in a friction material, it can be dispersed relatively evenly. As a result, the heat resistance of the friction material can be improved. it can.
- the above-described fibrous titanate such as fiber-like, rod-like, or columnar potassium titanate may be in the form of a rod or a granular form.
- Their average diameter is 20 to 200, preferably 50 to 1.
- the cracked bar or columnar aluminum titanate is uniformly dispersed.
- the average diameter means a value obtained by measuring the diameters of about 200 using an image of a scanning electron micrograph and averaging the diameters.
- the alkali titanate of the agglomerates may be the agglomerates after the reaction described above, and the agglomerates are mechanically pulverized or powdered so as to be in the above-mentioned diameter range, and sieved or classified as necessary. May be prepared.
- the alkali titanate obtained by baking may be pulverized or pulverized, and then a solvent may be added to form a powder to form a difficult-to-be-relieved granule or a lump.
- the alkali titanate obtained by the above baking is dispersed in a solvent to produce a slurry, and this is spray-dried to have a cavity inside the titanic acid titanate hollow body. It may be a powder.
- Alkaline titanate obtained by the above process that is, mainly rod-like, columnar, columnar, strip-like, granular and Z- or plate-like aluminum titanate particles such as potassium titanate in a solvent together with a binder
- the slurry of alkali titanate particles is prepared by dispersing in and stirring.
- Binders include organic polymers such as gelatin, dextrin, starch, 7 labia rubber, cellulosic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Hexapropyl cellulose (HPC), phenol resin, epoxy resin and the like can be used.
- the solvent an organic solvent or water can be used, but water that is easy to handle is preferable. Furthermore, if necessary, other additives such as surfactants may be added.
- the total concentration of alkali titanate and binder in the slurry is preferably about 10 to 75% by weight.
- the total concentration is less than 10% by weight, the production efficiency of the alkali titanate hollow body powder is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the total concentration exceeds 75% by weight, the viscosity of the slurry becomes high, and it becomes difficult to obtain a hollow body powder of alkali titanate of 200 / m or less. This is not preferable.
- the produced slurry of aluminum titanate is sprayed by a dryer.
- a dryer For example, when spraying using a disk rotary spray dryer, if a slurry of aluminum titanate particles is supplied onto a disk that rotates at high speed, this slurry is sprayed by centrifugal force to form droplets. Therefore, this droplet is dried at a temperature of 200 ° C. to 800 ° C. At this time, moisture is vaporized inside the droplet. At that time, the particles inside the droplets are pushed to the outside of the droplets along with the vaporization of water, and the spherical titanic acid titanate powder composed of the shells of titanic acid particles having cavities inside is formed. can get.
- this hollow body-shaped alkali titanate powder can be obtained.
- various types of pressure can be used, such as a pressure nozzle type, a two-fluid nozzle type, and an ultrasonic nozzle type.
- the pressure nozzle type is a method in which high pressure is applied to the slurry and sprayed from the nozzle.
- the two-fluid nozzle method is a method in which slurry is sprayed together with compressed air or steam.
- the diameter (outer diameter) of the alkali titanate hollow body powder obtained by simply drying can be adjusted by the rotational speed of the disk and the nozzle diameter. Usually, the larger the number of rotations of the disk and the smaller the nozzle diameter, the smaller the particle size obtained. Therefore, when the average diameter (outer diameter) of the obtained alkali titanate hollow body powder is adjusted from 20 to 20 xm, preferably from 50 to 150 m, the particle size (outer diameter) is improved. By making this within this range, the handling is improved.
- a hollow body powder of potassium titanate in this range is suitable as a friction modifier.
- the hollow alkali titanate powder obtained by drying is heat-treated.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out at 75 ° C. or more and 1300 ° C. or less.
- sodium titanate it is preferably carried out at 400 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. or less.
- lithium titanate it is preferably carried out at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher and 12.0 ° C. or lower.
- the spherical titanate particles that have rod-like, columnar, columnar, strip-like, granular, or Z- and plate-like shapes are bonded together by sintering or fusion and have cavities inside.
- a hollow powder of potassium titanate particles is obtained.
- the fracture strength of the hollow body powder of the potassium titanate of the present invention is improved by sintering or fusing the aluminum titanate particles, and is preferably 2. O kg Zcm 2 or more.
- the aluminum titanate hollow body powder having such a breaking strength is mixed without separating (dispersing) each of the alkali titanate particles constituting the hollow body powder. It can also be mixed with good fluidity. For this reason, As will be described later, when this aluminum titanate hollow body powder is combined with other components as a friction material, for example, in the mixing step when molding into a brake pad or the like, the alkali titanate constituting the hollow body powder It is possible to disperse (mix) relatively uniformly without separating (dispersing) the particles. As a result, the porosity of the molded body can be increased, and the friction performance excellent in fade resistance and squeal resistance can be realized.
- the hollow titanate hollow body powder in the present invention refers to a hollow shell-shaped shell structure in which alkali titanate particles cover the internal space. Examples include balloons and ping-pong balls.
- This alkali titanate hollow body powder also includes hollow body powders that have partially crevices, gaps, voids, and gaps or gaps that do not need to have a wrinkle structure completely covered with alkali titanate particles.
- the average diameter (outer diameter) is preferably 20 / m to 20. Such a particle size facilitates handling and makes it suitable for use as a friction modifier.
- the average diameter here refers to a value obtained by measuring the diameters of about 200 by image analysis of scanning electron micrographs and averaging the diameters.
- the alkali titanate particles obtained by the above-described steps are dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry, which is dried and further heat-treated to form a rod, easily make Al titanate hollow body powders with cavities inside that consist of columnar, columnar, strip, granular and Z or plate shaped Al titanate particles. be able to.
- this aluminum titanate hollow body powder is blended with other components to form a molded body, it has a good fluidity and can be dispersed relatively uniformly due to its shape.
- potassium titanate hollow body powder when blended with other materials as a friction material, it can be dispersed relatively uniformly and the porosity of the molded body can also be improved. As a result, the heat resistance and fading resistance of the friction material can be improved.
- the manufacturing method of the hollow body powder of another form of this invention is demonstrated below.
- the alkali titanate obtained by the above process that is, mainly rod, column, column, strip , Granular and z- or plate-like potassium titanate particles such as potassium titanate and inorganic oxide powder having a hardness of 6 to 9 (6 or more and 9 or less) are dispersed in a solvent together with a binder, By stirring, a slurry of alkali titanate particles and inorganic oxide particles is prepared.
- Examples of the inorganic oxide powder having a Mohs' hardness of 6-9 for example, M g O (Mohs hardness: about 6), S I_ ⁇ 2 (Mohs hardness: about 7), Cr 2 ⁇ 3 (Mohs hardness: about 6. 5), Fe 3 0 4 (Mohs hardness: approx. 6), Zr 0 2 (Mohs hardness: approx. 7.5), ZrS i 0 4 (Zircon) (Mohs ⁇ : approx. 7.5), fused alumina (Moose transport) : About 9), Ce 0 2 (Mohs hardness: about 9), W 0 3 (Mohs hardness: about 9), etc.
- M g O Mohs hardness: about 6
- S I_ ⁇ 2 Mohs hardness: about 7
- Cr 2 ⁇ 3 Mohs hardness: about 6. 5
- Fe 3 0 4 Mohs hardness: approx. 6
- Zr 0 2 Mo
- the Mohs hardness in the present invention is the Mohs hardness shown in 10 stages.) ). If the Mohs hardness of the inorganic oxide powder is lower than the range of 6-9, the combined effect with the alkali metal titanate crystals (for example, Moth hardness of potassium hexatitanate: about 3-4) cannot be fully expressed. In addition, particles with a hardness higher than that increase the face-to-face damage resistance when applied to a friction material or the like.
- the number of inorganic oxide particles constituting the composite particles is not necessarily limited to one, and two or more inorganic oxide particles may be mixed as desired.
- the content of inorganic oxide powder with Mohs hardness of 6-9 (the total amount when two or more types of inorganic oxide particles coexist) is 0.5-20% by weight. If the content is less than this, the effect of combining the inorganic oxide particles is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 20% by weight, the characteristics of the alkali metal titanate crystals are weakened, and the friction material is not suitable. In such a case, it would be a reward for face-to-face damage. In particular, if the content is 1 to 3% by weight, particularly 1 to 2% by weight, the facing damage is good, which is preferable.
- the particle size of the inorganic oxide particles is preferably an average particle size of 1-1. This is because fine particles with a particle size of less than 1 tm have little effect of improving the coefficient of friction in applications such as friction materials, and to particles exceeding 10 m, on the other hand, cause poor contact damage. .
- the binder As the binder, the same binder as described in the method for producing the hollow body powder can be used.
- the prepared slurry of alkali titanate and inorganic oxide is dried by a spray dryer.
- this slurry is supplied onto a disc that rotates at high speed, and this slurry is formed into droplets by centrifugal force. Dry at 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ from 0 0 ° C to 800 ° C. At this time, moisture is generated inside the droplet.
- the particles inside the droplets are pushed to the outside of the droplets along with the evaporation of moisture, and a spherical hollow body powder composed of a shell composed of aluminum titanate particles and inorganic oxide particles is obtained.
- a spherical hollow body powder composed of a shell composed of aluminum titanate particles and inorganic oxide particles is obtained.
- the same materials as described in the method for producing the hollow body powder can be used.
- the diameter (outer diameter) of the hollow body powder obtained in a short time can be adjusted by the number of rotations of the disk and the diameter of the nozzle in the same manner as in the method for producing the hollow body powder.
- the larger the disc rotation speed and the smaller the nozzle diameter the smaller the particle diameter obtained.
- the average diameter (outer diameter) of the obtained alkali titanate hollow body powder is adjusted to 20 to 200 mm, preferably 50 to 150 m.
- the particle diameter (outer diameter) within this range, the handling property is improved.
- a hollow body powder of potassium titanate in this range is suitable as a friction modifier.
- the hollow body powder obtained by drying is heat-treated.
- the aluminum titanate is potassium titanate powder
- sodium titanate 4.5 0 ° C or more 9 0
- FIG. 10 is a scanning electron micrograph of the hollow body powder of potassium titanate thus prepared and inorganic oxide particles having a Mohs hardness of 6-9.
- adjacent titanium acid power particles having a rod shape, columnar shape, columnar shape, strip shape, granular shape or Z and plate shape are bonded to each other by sintering or fusion, and have a cavity inside.
- spherical A hollow powder having a shape is obtained.
- This hollow powder is composed of a spherical shell structure formed by bonding between adjacent alkali titanate particles and between alkali titanate particles and inorganic oxide particles having a Mohs hardness of 6-9. Further, the alkali titanate particles and the inorganic oxide having a Mohs hardness of 6 to 9 may be present independently, or may be diffused and sintered with each other at the contact interface. Further, it is preferable that the breaking strength of the hollow body particles is 2. O k gZc m 2 or more. With this strength, when mixed with other materials, the fluidity is good, and without mixing (dispersing) each of the alkali titanate particles and inorganic oxide particles that constitute this shell. can do.
- the alkali titanate particles constituting the hollow body powder and The hollow body powder can be dispersed (mixed) relatively uniformly without separating (dispersing) the inorganic oxide particles.
- the porosity of the molded body can be increased, and the friction performance excellent in fade resistance and squeal resistance can be realized.
- the hollow body powder obtained by the present method refers to a hollow body-shaped shell structure in which the aluminum titanate particles cover the internal space, as in the above-mentioned hollow body powder method.
- This alkali titanate hollow body powder does not need to have a shell structure completely covered with aluminum titanate particles, and a hollow body powder partially having cracks, gaps, voids and voids Including.
- the average diameter (outer diameter) is preferably from 20 zm to 200 m, so that the particle diameter can be handled easily and is suitable for use as a friction modifier. .
- the average diameter here refers to a value obtained by measuring the diameters of about 200 by image analysis of scanning electron micrographs and averaging the diameters.
- the aluminum titanate particles obtained by the above steps and the inorganic oxide powder having a Mohs hardness of 6 to 9 are dispersed in a solvent.
- a slurry By forming a slurry, spray drying this, and further heat treatment, It is possible to easily produce a hollow body powder having a hollow inside, having a columnar shape, a columnar shape, a strip shape, a granular shape, and a Z or plate shape.
- this hollow body powder is blended with other components to form a molded body, it has a good fluidity and can be dispersed relatively uniformly due to its shape, and the porosity of the resulting molded body can be improved. .
- the hollow body powder is composed of potassium titanate particles and an inorganic oxide
- the heat resistance and fade resistance of the friction material are improved.
- the obtained hollow body powder of alkali titanate such as potassium titanate and alkali titanate can be used for friction adjustment of the friction material.
- the blending amount of alkali titanate in the friction material is preferably 3.0 to 50% by weight. 3. If the amount is less than 0% by weight, the effect of improving the friction and wear characteristics may not be exhibited. If the amount exceeds 50% by weight, no further improvement in the effect of the friction and wear characteristics can be expected. This is because it is disadvantageous.
- a friction material made of a base material for example, a friction material made of a base material, a friction adjustment and a binder can be exemplified.
- the blending ratio of each component in the friction material is as follows: 1 to 60 parts by weight of base material, friction adjustment (including aluminum titanate such as potassium titanate) 20 to 80 parts by weight, binder Examples are 10 to 40 parts by weight, and other components 0 to 60 parts by weight.
- substrate fibers include resin fibers such as aramid fibers, steel fibers, metal fibers such as brass fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, rock wool, wood pulp, and potassium titanate. Can be mentioned. These substrate fibers may be used after being subjected to a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent or a phosphate ester in order to improve dispersibility and adhesion to the binder.
- a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent or a phosphate ester in order to improve dispersibility and adhesion to the binder.
- friction modifier in the friction material of the present invention in addition to the potassium titanate of the present invention, other friction adjustments may be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- unvulcanized natural, synthetic rubber powder, Kashu Kazuki ⁇ powder, resin powder, rubber dust, etc. organic powder, carbon black, graphite powder, molybdenum disulfide, sulfur sulfate Lithium, calcium carbonate, clay, my strength, talc, diatomaceous earth, antigolite, sepiolite, montmorillonite, zeolite, or metal powders such as copper, aluminum, zinc, iron, alumina, silica, chromium oxide, titanium oxide And oxide powders such as iron oxide.
- binder phenol resin, melanin resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin,
- DA P diallyl phthalate resin
- Yulia tree S-exclusive hatching resin natural rubber, nitrile rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, polymer elastomer and other rubbers or elastomers , Polyamide tree]
- organic binders such as polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyimide resin and thermoplastic liquid crystal resin
- inorganic binders such as alumina sol and silica sol.
- the friction material of the present invention may contain components such as an antifungal agent, a lubricant, and an abrasive as necessary.
- an antifungal agent such as a lubricant, and an abrasive as necessary.
- a base material fiber is dispersed in a binder, and the friction material composition is blended by combining the friction control and other components blended as necessary.
- An example is a method in which the composition is adjusted, and then the composition is put into a mold and heated under pressure to form a binder.
- a binder is kneaded with a twin screw extruder, and a combination of a base plate, a frictional adjustment iJ, and other components blended as necessary from one side popper,
- An example is a method of forming a desired shape after extrusion.
- the friction material composition is dispersed in water and the like, and the paper is made on a paper net, dehydrated and made into a short shape, and then heated and pressed with a press machine to form a binder,
- An example is a method in which the obtained friction material is appropriately cut and polished to obtain a desired shape.
- the method for producing aluminum titanate according to the present invention can simplify the production process and is advantageous in terms of cost.
- the manufacturing method of the hollow body powder of the alkali titanate which concerns on this invention is A spherical alkali titanate hollow body powder can be easily produced.
- the potassium titanate produced by these production methods has a specific shape such as a rod shape, a column shape, a columnar shape, a strip shape, a plate shape, etc.
- the hollow body powder has a hollow inside. It has the shape of a shell structure.
- lithium titanate when lithium titanate is produced by the method of the present invention, since the raw material titanium compound and lithium compound can be mixed uniformly, lithium titanate having a desired composition can be obtained at low cost, and lithium ion secondary A material suitable for a battery electrode material can be provided.
- the obtained mixture (500 g) was filled in a ceramic reaction vessel with an open top, placed in an electric furnace, heated from room temperature to 1500 ° C over 12 hours, and then 1 In the range of 0 0 0 to 1 1 0 0 ° C 5.
- the fired product thus obtained was rod-shaped, columnar, or cylindrical.
- the average minor axis was 3.0 m, the average length (average major axis) was 5.9 m, and the average aspect ratio was 1.97.
- the calcined product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. As a result, it was a single-phase crystal of potassium hexatitanate and contained no unreacted titanium oxide.
- the production method of the present invention can produce a titanic acid lithium having a desired composition by a simple method, and the shape is within the range recommended by WHO (average minor axis is 3 zm or less, average fiber Most of the materials contained in the cocoon-like compounds with a cocoon length of 5 m or more and an aspect ratio of 3 or more).
- Example 2 An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aggregate titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of 1.5 mm was used instead of the aggregate titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of 0.8 mm.
- the fired product thus obtained had an average minor axis of 3.2 / zm, an average length (average major axis) of 6.0 zm, and an average aspect ratio of 1.88. This was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. As a result, it was a single-phase crystal of potassium hexadecarate and contained no unreacted titanium oxide.
- Agglomerated titanium oxide with an average particle size of 0.8 mm 7.2 kg, powdered potassium carbonate 2.7 kg, titanium powder 3 5 0 g and wood chips 8 9 7 g, internal volume 2 0 0 R, diameter 1 Add 9 g of cylindrical rod media with a length of 9 mm and a length of 14 30 mm to a vibrating mill, add 65 g of methanol, and treat with powder at an internal temperature of 80 ° C for 15 minutes. A mixture was obtained. The obtained mixture (500 g) was placed in a ceramic reaction vessel with an open top, placed in an electric furnace, heated from room temperature to 100 ° C. over 12 hours, and then Firing was carried out in the range of 1 00 0 to 1 1 00 ° C. for 5.5 hours.
- the fired product was pulverized with a pulverizer to obtain a desired size, thereby obtaining titanic acid power.
- the fired product thus obtained had an average minor axis of 3.2 rn, an average length (average major axis) of 6.2 m, and an average aspect ratio of 1.9.
- this fired product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, the peaks of potassium 6 titanate and potassium tetratitanate were observed, and it was found that this was a mixed composition of these two types of potassium titanate.
- unreacted titanium oxide was not included.
- the desired amount of titanic acid power can be obtained by a simple method, and the shape of the power is mostly included in the range recommended by WHO. .
- Fig. 4 shows a SEM photograph of the calcined product, ie, potassium titanate. Since the fired product was agglomerated, the fired product was pulverized with a pulverizer to a desired size. The shape of the fired product thus obtained was rod-shaped or columnar (including a size having a major axis and a minor axis almost the same). The average minor axis is 4 m and the average length (average major axis) is
- potassium titanate having a desired composition and shape can be produced by a simple method.
- a ceramic reaction vessel with an open top was filled with 50 G g of the same mixture as in Example 1, and this was put into an electric furnace, and the temperature was raised from room temperature to 1 2 500 ° C, and then 1 2 0 0
- Fig. 5 shows a SEM photograph of this calcined product, that is, agglomerated potassium titanate.
- the shape of the fired product thus obtained was rod-shaped or columnar (including a size having a major axis and a minor axis almost the same).
- the average minor axis was 6 mm, the average length (average major axis) was 27 m, and the average aspect ratio was 4.5.
- the content ratio included 50% or more of those having a minor axis of 3 to 10 m and a major axis of 5 to 45 m. That is, a relatively large rod-like or columnar article having an average minor axis of 5 m or more and an average length (average major axis) of 20 m or more was obtained.
- this fired product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, it was found to be a single phase of 6 potassium titanate. Further, unreacted titanium oxide was not contained.
- a desired potassium titanate can be produced by a simple method, and many of the shapes are included in the range recommended by WHO.
- the aggregate 8.7 kg of the aggregate of Example 1 was replaced with 8.9 kg of a granulated product having an average particle size of 0.3 mm obtained by granulating commercially available titanium oxide with a spray dryer.
- the experiment was conducted in the same manner as above. Also in this case, as in Example 1, as a result of X-ray diffraction, a single-phase crystal of potassium titanate was obtained, and it was found that unreacted titanium oxide was not contained.
- the shape also has an average minor axis larger than 3 / m, and a shape within the range recommended by WHO was obtained.
- the shape of the potassium titanate obtained by increasing the temperature ⁇ can be increased. Specifically, firing is performed from 1 0 0 0 to 1 1 0 0 ° C, 1 1 0 0 to 1 2 0 0 ° C, 1 2 0 0 to 1 3 0
- the average minor axis of the resulting potassium titanate increases to about 3 m, 4 xm, and 6 m, and the average length (average major axis) is also about 6 m, 15 xm, 2 7 It becomes big with m. Therefore, the potassium titanate having a desired shape can be obtained by adjusting the firing temperature.
- the fired product obtained does not contain unreacted titanium oxide, and only by adjusting the raw material composition. A potassium titanate having a desired composition can be obtained.
- Example 1 The integrity pattern of Example 1 is as follows: “The temperature was raised from room temperature to 1050 ° C. over 7 hours and then baked for 5.5 hours in the range of 1000 to 1100 ° C. After that, it was cooled to room temperature over 8 hours. The fired product was fired in an electric furnace in the same manner except that it was cooled to room temperature. Since this calcined product was a solid body containing a large amount of potassium titanate having a minor axis of 3 m or less and a major axis of 5 m or more, this calcined product was crushed to obtain a desired shape (within the range recommended by WTO). Shaped fired product T was obtained.
- Fig. 6 is a SEM photograph of calcined lithium titanate, which is this calcined product T.
- the fired product thus obtained was rod-shaped, columnar, or cylindrical.
- the average minor axis was 1.9 m
- the average length (average major axis) was 4.1 rn
- the average aspect ratio was 2.3.
- this product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, it was a single phase crystal of potassium hexatitanate and did not contain unreacted titanium oxide.
- potassium titanate having a desired composition can be produced by a simple method.
- the minor axis of this potassium titanate has a shape of 3 m or less, the average major axis is 5 m or less, and the shape is within the range recommended by WHO (average minor axis is 3 tm or less, average Most of them are contained in fiber-like compounds (with fiber length of 5 m or more and aspect ratio of 3 or more).
- Agglomerated titanium oxide with an average particle size of 0.8 mm (Fig. 1) 75.26 kg, powdered lithium carbonate 48.13 kg, titanium powder 2.21 kg and wood chips 3.72 kg, internal volume 250 liters, Diameter 19mm, length 1430mm, 3200 g rod,
- This fired product was crushed with a crusher (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Pulverizer) to obtain a fired product of a desired shape.
- the fired product thus obtained had a flake shape and a size of 5 to 16 m.
- the composition was a single-phase crystal of Li 2 Ti 3 , and no unreacted titanium oxide was contained.
- Average particle size 1.0 zm (The average particle size here is measured with the image of the SEM photograph (measurement similar to the image analysis described above). The same applies to the “average particle size” described below ( However, the average particle size of the agglomerates is excluded.) Titanium oxide for pigments (shown in Fig. 2) 8.7 kg, powdered potassium carbonate 5. lkg, and 700 g titanium powder V-type It was mixed for 15 minutes at room temperature in a blender (manufactured by Tokuju Seisakusho). Here, the V-type renderer was used because it was difficult to mix using the same vibration mill as in Example 1 (see Comparative Example 2 below).
- the obtained mixture (500 g) was filled in a ceramic reaction vessel having an open top, placed in an electric furnace, and baked at 1100 ° C for 3 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to room temperature over 13 hours, and after cooling to room temperature, the fired product was taken out. After the fired product was taken out, it was immersed in 3 liters of cold water to form a slurry, and the slurry was defibrated with a colloid mill (trade name Dispir Mill, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) to separate the fibrous material. After neutralizing the defibrated and separated slurry, it is filtered by a vacuum filtration method to obtain a cake-like substance. The cake-like substance is dried, heated to 80 ° C.
- Example 2 An experiment similar to that in Example 1 was performed using a titanium oxide powder for an average particle diameter of 1.0 m instead of the aggregate titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of 0.8 mm.
- the titanium oxide powder when mixing, the titanium oxide powder was fixed in the vibrating mouth mill by about 13 to 1 of the total titanium oxide, making mixing difficult. That is, it was not possible to mix uniformly as compared with the above examples.
- the fired product obtained by firing reaction was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, it was a mixed phase crystal of titanium oxide, potassium tetratitanate and 6-titanium titanate, and unreacted titanium oxide I stayed.
- Titanium oxide powder with an average particle size of 1. 8.7 kg, powdered potassium carbonate 2.7 kg, titanium powder 4 4 7 g and wood chips 8 9 7 g are filled in a V-type pender, and methanol 6 5 g Added and mixed for 15 minutes to give a mixture.
- the obtained mixture (500 g) was filled in a ceramic reaction vessel with an open top, placed in an electric furnace, heated from room temperature to 1500 ° C over 12 hours, and then 1 The temperature was in the range of 0 0 to 1 1 0 0 ° C for 5.5 hours. Then, it cooled to room temperature over 13 hours, and after cooling to room temperature, this container was taken out.
- the frame was unpacked with a frame-breaking machine (Hosokawa Micron, Pulverizer 1) to obtain the desired shape.
- a frame-breaking machine Hosokawa Micron, Pulverizer 1
- the fired product thus obtained had an average minor axis of 2.5 / xm, an average length (average major axis) of 8.5 m, and an average aspect ratio of 3.4. Further, as analyzed by X-ray diffraction, the composition was a mixed phase crystal of titanium oxide, potassium tetratitanate and potassium hexatitanate, and unreacted titanium oxide remained.
- the fired product thus obtained had an average minor axis of 2. nm, an average length (average major axis) of 8.6 m, and an average aspect ratio of 3.2. Further, when this was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, it was a mixed phase crystal containing 1.5% by weight of iron in addition to titanium oxide, potassium tetratitanate and potassium hexatitanate. That is, it contained unreacted titanium oxide and pure iron.
- Example 2 The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing was performed using a V-type renderer instead of mixing in a vibration mill filled with cylindrical rod media. In this case, uniform mixing could not be performed, and the fired product obtained by firing reaction was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. As a result, it was a titanium oxide, potassium titanate and potassium titanate mixed phase crystal, and unreacted titanium oxide. Remained.
- Testing machine Single-type full-size dynamo testing machine Testing conditions:
- Example 3 Using the potassium titanate obtained in Example 3, a friction material was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9. The results obtained are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 80 kg of the fired product S obtained in Example 1, ethyl ether binder (trade name: Celna WN405, manufactured by Chukyo Yushi Co., Ltd.) 0.8 kg, and a special polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt (trade name) : KE-511, manufactured by Kyoyo Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Fig. 7 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the hollow body powder obtained in this way.
- the size (outer diameter) of the obtained hollow body powder was 50 to 100 m.
- the fracture strength of this hollow body was measured with a hardness meter (Digital Cosmometer KHT-40N Model, Co., Ltd.) (the number of hollow bodies was measured in a cylindrical container for measurement with a diameter of 2 mm). place, 3. was 8 kgZcm 2. From the SEM observation of this hollow body (Fig. 7), the adjacent potassium titanate particles constituting the hollow body powder were completely bonded at the contact part.
- Example 11 instead of the hollow body powder of potassium titanate ⁇ in Example 11, the agglomerated potassium titanate obtained in Example 1 (Fig. 3) (rod-like, pillar-like and Z- or columnar-fired product S) was used.
- Fig. 3 rod-like, pillar-like and Z- or columnar-fired product S
- a hollow powder of potassium titanate was produced in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the heat treatment of the powder obtained in the above was changed from 900 ° C to 700 ° C.
- the size (outer diameter) of the obtained hollow body powder was 50 to 100 m.
- the breaking strength of the hollow body powder was measured with a hardness meter (Fujiwara Seisakusho Digital Hardness Tester KHT-4 ON type) and found to be 1.5 kg cm 2 .
- a friction material was produced using this hollow body powder in the same manner as in Example 11, and the porosity and wear amount of this friction material were measured. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2
- the porosity of the potassium titanate hollow body powder of the present invention can be increased when used as a friction material. This is thought to be because when the hollow body powder of the present invention is mixed with other materials as a friction material, the hollow body powder has a high fracture strength and is dispersed and mixed while maintaining its hollow body shape. As a result, the friction material using the hollow body powder of the present invention can provide friction performance excellent in fade resistance and squeal resistance.
- a hollow body powder of potassium titanate was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the powder obtained was heat-treated in an electric furnace and changed from 900 ° C to 1200 ° C.
- the size (outer diameter) of the obtained hollow body powder was 50 to 100 / zm.
- a hardness meter Hitachi Seisakusho Digital Hardness Tester KHT-4 ON type
- the adjacent potassium titanate particles constituting the hollow body powder were completely bonded at the contact portion.
- a hollow body powder of lithium titanate was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the heat treatment of the obtained powder was changed from 900 ° C to 800 ° C.
- the size (outer diameter) of the obtained hollow body powder was 50 to 10 Om.
- the fracture strength of this hollow body was measured with a hardness meter (Hitachi Seisakusho Digital Hardness Tester KHT-4 ON type) and found to be 3.2 kgZcm 2 .
- the adjacent potassium titanate particles constituting the hollow body powder were completely bonded at the contact portion.
- a hollow body powder of titanic acid lithium was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the step of heat-treating the powder obtained by drying in an electric furnace was not performed.
- the size (outer diameter) of the obtained hollow powder was 50 to 100 m.
- the fracture depth ⁇ of this hollow body was measured with a hardness meter (Hitachi Seisakusho Digital Hardness Tester KHT-40N type) and found to be 0.5 kgZcm 2 .
- a hardness meter Hagakusho Digital Hardness Tester KHT-40N type
- no bonding was observed in a part of the contact portion of the adjacent potassium titanate particles on the surface of the hollow body.
- Example 7 When the fired product S of Example 11 was used as the fired product T obtained in Example 7, a hollow powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11. A scanning electron micrograph of the hollow body powder thus obtained is shown in FIG. The size (outer diameter) of the obtained hollow body powder was 30 to 70 / xm. Further, the breaking strength of the hollow body was measured by an oscilloscope (Tsuruhara Seisakusho, Ltd., Digital Yield, KHT-4 ON type) and found to be 2.5 kgZcm 2 . From the SEM observation of this hollow body (Fig. 8), the adjacent potassium titanate particles constituting the hollow body powder were completely bonded at the contact portion.
- a hollow body powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the conditions for continuous drying in Example 15 were that the rotation speed of the disk of the atomizer was 10,000 rpm and the hot air temperature was 250.
- a scanning electron micrograph of the hollow body powder thus obtained is shown in FIG.
- the size (outer diameter) of the obtained hollow body powder was 60 to 1 OO m.
- the fracture strength of this hollow body was measured with a hardness meter (Fujiwara Seisakusho Digital Hardness Tester KH T-40N type) and found to be 3.0 kgZcm 2 . Also, from the SEM observation of this hollow body (Fig. 9), the adjacent potassium titanate particles constituting the hollow body powder were completely bonded at the contact portion.
- Example 17 The calcined product S the 10 kg obtained in Example 1, zircon (Z rS I_ ⁇ 4, Mohs hardness: about 7.5) and 0. 3 kg, E chill cellulosic binder (trade name: Serna WN405, Chukyo Yushi 0.2 kg, and special polyammonium phosphate as additive. Drop name: KE-511, made by Kyoyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.1 kg is stirred and dispersed in 10 kg of water. A slurry of fired product S was prepared. This slurry was dried with a disk-type drying oven. At this time, the drying conditions are as follows: the number of revolutions of the atomizer disk is 10,000 rpm, and the hot air temperature is 25
- FIG. 11 shows a Zr image of a hollow body powder electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA: Electron Probe Microanalyzer) with a different field of view, using a scanning electron microscope.
- EPMA Electron Probe Microanalyzer
- the black part represents the presence of zircon.
- the breaking strength of the hollow body was measured with a hardness meter (Fujiwara Seisakusho Digital Hardness Meter KHT-4 ON type) and found to be 3.8 kg / cm 2 .
- the adjacent titanic acid lithium particles constituting the hollow body powder were completely bonded at the contact portion.
- carbamide fiber (trade name: “Kevlar Ilp”, length 3.0 mm, manufactured by Toray DuPont Co., Ltd.) 3 parts by weight, binder (phenol resin) 10 1 part by weight, 9 parts by weight of organic additive (cash and dust), 10 parts by weight of graphite lubricant, 8 parts by weight of copper powder, and 30 parts by weight of barium oxide are mixed in a mixer (Eirich Intensive Mixer made by Eirich) The mixture was thoroughly mixed and filled into a mold, and then the binder was molded (pressing pressure: 300 kg f / c K, temperature 150 ° C, 5 minutes).
- Example 1 Zircon (Zr S iO 4 , Mohs hardness: about 7.5) was added without adding M to the hollow powder, and instead, when making the friction material, zircon (Zr S i0 4 , Mohs hardness: approx. 7.5) was added in the same manner as in Example 17 except that 0 ⁇ 75 5 parts by weight were added. The same as in Example 17 with the wear coefficient, etc. It was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. It can be seen that in Example 17 the friction coefficient similar to that in Comparative Example 9 was obtained with a small amount of zircon added.
- the breaking strength of this hollow body was measured with a hardness meter (Tanahara Seisakusho Digital Hardness Tester KHT-4 ON type) and found to be 3. S kgZ cm 2 .
- a friction material was produced in the same manner as in Example 17, and its wear coefficient and the like were measured in the same manner as in Example 17. The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
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US12/593,197 US8398952B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-27 | Method of manufacturing alkali metal titanate and hollow body particle thereof, product thereof, and friction material containing the product |
EP08739730.3A EP2138461B1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-27 | Method for production of alkali titanate, method for production of hollow powder of alkali titanate, alkali titanate and hollow powder thereof produced by the methods, and friction material comprising the alkali titanate or the hollow powder thereof |
CN2008800181616A CN101679067B (zh) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-27 | 碱金属钛酸盐和碱金属钛酸盐空心体粉末及其制法、以及含有碱金属钛酸盐和碱金属钛酸盐空心体粉末的摩擦材料 |
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JP2010202732A (ja) * | 2009-03-02 | 2010-09-16 | Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd | 摩擦調整材およびその製造方法 |
JP2010228980A (ja) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-14 | Jgc Catalysts & Chemicals Ltd | 結晶性チタン酸リチウムの製造方法および結晶性チタン酸リチウム |
WO2011046122A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-04-21 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | ビーズ状中空粒子およびその製造方法ならびにこのビーズ状中空粒子を用いた摩擦材 |
EP2431344A1 (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2012-03-21 | Hebei Yl-Bangda New Materials Limited Company | Method and device for producing hollow microspheres |
WO2012169545A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物 |
JP2012255051A (ja) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-27 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物 |
JP2012255053A (ja) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-27 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物 |
JP2013112712A (ja) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-06-10 | Advics Co Ltd | 摩擦材 |
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CN101679067B (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
EP2138461A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
CN101679067A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
EP2138461B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
US20100112350A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
KR101543809B1 (ko) | 2015-08-11 |
KR20100014484A (ko) | 2010-02-10 |
EP2138461A4 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
US8398952B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
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