WO2008050641A1 - Display body and labeled article - Google Patents
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- WO2008050641A1 WO2008050641A1 PCT/JP2007/070182 JP2007070182W WO2008050641A1 WO 2008050641 A1 WO2008050641 A1 WO 2008050641A1 JP 2007070182 W JP2007070182 W JP 2007070182W WO 2008050641 A1 WO2008050641 A1 WO 2008050641A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- display body
- interface portion
- recesses
- pixels
- center
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/546—Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1809—Diffraction gratings with pitch less than or comparable to the wavelength
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1842—Gratings for image generation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1861—Reflection gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
-
- B42D2035/24—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a forgery prevention technique.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-72320 describes a display body in which a plurality of pixels are arranged.
- each pixel includes a relief type diffraction grating in which a plurality of grooves are arranged.
- the display body displays an image using diffracted light, forgery or the like using a printing technique or an electrophotographic technique is impossible. Therefore, if this display body is attached to an article as a label for authenticity determination, it is possible to confirm that the article is genuine by looking at the image displayed by the label. Therefore, it is difficult to forge an article with this label attached to this label! /, NA! /, Compared to the article.
- the relief-type diffraction grating can be formed relatively easily if there is an apparatus such as a laser.
- the previous display body changes the display image by changing the incident angle of the illumination light, the observation angle, or the orientation of the display body, but the change is not rich in variety. Therefore, with the development of technology, the anti-counterfeiting effect of this display is decreasing.
- forgery or counterfeiting is difficult, and the fact that it is easy to distinguish from counterfeit products or counterfeit products is called an anti-counterfeit effect.
- An object of the present invention is to realize a higher forgery prevention effect.
- the first interface portion provided with the relief type diffraction grating composed of a plurality of grooves, and a center distance smaller than the minimum center distance of the plurality of grooves.
- a display body including a second interface portion that is two-dimensionally arranged and provided with a plurality of concave portions or convex portions each having a forward tapered shape.
- each of the first interface portion provided with the relief type diffraction grating composed of a plurality of grooves and the plurality of concave portions or convex portions arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally.
- a display body in which the minimum center distance between the grooves is not less than the shortest wavelength of visible light and the center distance between the plurality of recesses or projections is less than the shortest wavelength of visible light.
- a labeled article comprising the display according to the first or second aspect and an article supporting the display.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing a display body according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display body shown in FIG. 1 taken along line II-II.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing an example of a structure that can be employed in the first interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view showing an example of a structure that can be employed in the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing how the first interface emits diffracted light.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the second interface emits diffracted light.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a display body in which a display surface is configured by a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an arrangement pattern of recesses or projections that can be employed in the second interface part.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an arrangement pattern of concave portions or convex portions that can be employed in the second interface portion.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an arrangement pattern of concave portions or convex portions that can be employed in the second interface portion.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an arrangement pattern of concave portions or convex portions that can be employed in the second interface portion.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an arrangement pattern of concave portions or convex portions that can be employed in the second interface portion.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an arrangement pattern of concave portions or convex portions that can be employed in the second interface portion.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged perspective view showing another example of a structure that can be employed in the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged perspective view showing another example of a structure that can be employed in the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged perspective view showing another example of a structure that can be employed in the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view schematically showing a display body according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the display body shown in FIG. 17 taken along line XVIII-XVIII.
- FIG. 19A is an enlarged perspective view showing an example of a structure that can be adopted in a region of the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 17 and 18.
- FIG. 19B is an enlarged perspective view showing an example of a structure that can be employed in another region of the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 17 and 18.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view schematically showing another example of a display body in which a display surface is configured by a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a labeled product in which an anti-counterfeiting or identification label is supported on an article.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing a display body according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of the display shown in FIG.
- the display body 10 includes a laminated body of a light transmission layer 11 and a reflection layer 13.
- the light transmission layer 11 side is the front side and the reflection layer 13 side is the back side.
- the interface between the light transmission layer 11 and the reflective layer 13 includes a first interface portion 12a, a second interface portion 12b, and a third interface portion 12c.
- the first interface portion 12a is provided with a plurality of groove forces
- the second interface portion 12b is provided with a plurality of concave portions or convex portions.
- a resin having a light transmission property can be used as a material of the light transmission layer 11, for example, a resin having a light transmission property.
- a resin having a light transmission property can be used.
- the light transmission layer 11 in which a plurality of grooves and a plurality of recesses or protrusions are provided on one main surface by transfer using an original plate. It can be formed easily.
- the reflective layer 13 for example, a metal layer such as aluminum, silver, and alloys thereof can be used. Alternatively, a dielectric layer having a refractive index different from that of the light transmitting material 11 may be used as the reflective layer 13. Alternatively, as the reflective layer 13, a laminate of dielectric layers having different refractive indexes between adjacent ones, that is, a dielectric multilayer film may be used. However, the refractive index of the dielectric layer included in the dielectric multilayer film that is in contact with the light transmission layer 11 needs to be different from the refractive index of the light transmission layer 11.
- One of the light transmission layer 11 and the reflection layer 13 can be omitted.
- the display body 10 includes both the light transmission layer 11 and the reflection layer 13! /, Only one of them is included! It is possible to display an image with better visibility on the display 10.
- the second interface portion has a low visible light reflectance due to its structure, the difference between the second interface portion and the others becomes more remarkable as the reflectance of the reflective layer 13 is higher.
- the pattern is expressed using the distribution of the reflective layer, for example, using the contour of the region where the reflective layer exists. Monkey.
- the display body 10 further includes an adhesive layer 15 that covers the reflective layer 13.
- the shape of the surface of the reflection layer 13 is usually almost equal to the shape of the interface between the light transmission layer 11 and the reflection layer 13.
- the adhesive layer 15 is provided, Since the surface of the reflective layer 13 can be prevented from being exposed, it is difficult to duplicate the plurality of grooves and the plurality of recesses or projections at the previous interface.
- the adhesive layer 15 is formed on the light transmission layer 11.
- the interface between the reflective layer 13 and the outside world that is not at the interface between the light transmission layer 11 and the reflective layer 13 includes the first interface portion 12a, the second interface portion 12b, and the third interface portion 12c.
- the adhesive layer 15 can be omitted with a force S.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing an example of a structure that can be employed in the first interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view showing an example of a structure that can be employed in the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS.
- the first interface portion 12a is provided with a relief type diffraction grating in which a plurality of grooves 14a are arranged.
- the distance between the centers of the grooves 14a is, for example, in the range of 0.5 m to 2 m.
- the depth of the groove 14a is, for example, in the range of 0.05 m to 1 m, and typically in the range of 0.05 mm to 0.33111.
- the term “diffraction grating” means a structure that generates a diffracted wave by irradiating illumination light such as natural light, and is added to a normal diffraction grating in which a plurality of grooves 14a are arranged in parallel and at equal intervals. It also includes interference fringes recorded on the hologram. Further, the groove 14a or a portion sandwiched between the grooves 14a is referred to as a “grid line”.
- the second interface portion 12b is provided with a plurality of concave portions or convex portions 14b. These concave portions or convex portions 14b are two-dimensionally arranged with a center distance smaller than the minimum center distance of the groove 14a. Each concave portion or convex portion 14b has a forward tapered shape. The depth or height of the recess or protrusion 14b is typically greater than the depth of the groove 14a, typically in the range of 0.3 ⁇ 111 to 0.5 mm.
- the third interface portion 12c is a flat surface.
- the third interface portion 12c can be omitted.
- the display body 10 includes a second interface portion 12b provided with a plurality of concave portions or convex portions 14b. As described above, the recesses or projections 14b are two-dimensionally arranged with a smaller center distance than the minimum center distance of the grooves 14a forming the diffraction grating. That is, the display body 10 includes a finer structure in the second interface portion 12b as compared with the groove 14a forming the diffraction grating.
- the display body 10 has a very special visual effect.
- the first interface portion 12a generates diffracted light with wavelength dispersion, appears to be color-shifted to seven colors depending on the viewpoint position, and is recognized as a normal interface on which a diffraction grating is formed.
- the metallic luster can be observed at the first interface portion 12a as long as no diffracted light is observed, like the third interface portion 12c.
- the second interface portion 12b typically looks like a black print layer formed so as to overlap with a part of the diffraction grating. Therefore, those who try to counterfeit or imitate have the fine structure in the second interface part 12b!
- the diffraction grating When the diffraction grating is illuminated, the diffraction grating emits strong diffracted light in a specific direction with respect to the traveling direction of the illumination light that is incident light.
- d represents the grating constant of the diffraction grating
- ⁇ represents the wavelength of incident light and diffracted light.
- a represents the exit angle of 0th-order diffracted light, that is, transmitted light or specularly reflected light.
- the absolute value of ⁇ has a symmetrical relationship with the incident axis that is equal to the incident angle of the illumination light (in the case of a reflective diffraction grating).
- the clockwise direction from the axis is the positive direction.
- the most representative diffracted light is first-order diffracted light.
- the exit angle 0 of the first-order diffracted light changes according to the wavelength. That is, the diffraction grating functions as a spectroscope. have. Therefore, when the illumination light is white light, the color perceived by the observer changes when the observation angle is changed in a plane perpendicular to the grating line of the diffraction grating.
- the diffraction grating emits first-order diffracted light in the normal direction. That is, the exit angle 0 of the first-order diffracted light is 0. Suppose that And the observer perceives this first-order diffracted light. If the exit angle of the 0th-order diffracted light at this time is ⁇ , equation (1) can be expressed as
- white light including all light components with a wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 700 nm is used as illumination light, and the incident angle of the illumination light I ⁇
- the diffraction grating is more easily formed when the spatial frequency is smaller. Therefore, in a normal display body, the majority of diffraction gratings are diffraction gratings having a spatial frequency of 500 lines / mm to 1600 lines / mm.
- the color perceived by the observer under a certain observation condition can be controlled by the grating constant d (or spatial frequency) of the diffraction grating.
- the color perceived by the viewer changes.
- the lattice constant d with respect to a certain observation direction depends on the angle of the grating line with respect to the reference state (hereinafter referred to as the azimuth angle).
- the effective value of changes As a result, the color perceived by the observer changes.
- the diffraction gratings are different. It is possible to display the color as S.
- the diffracted light cannot be recognized from a certain observation direction, and looks the same as when there is no diffraction grating.
- two or more types of diffraction gratings with greatly different grating line orientations can be used to display independent images when viewed from the direction corresponding to each grating line orientation. I'll do it.
- the diffraction efficiency changes (depending on the wavelength of illumination light, etc.). If the area ratio of the diffraction grating to the pixel described later is increased, the intensity of the diffracted light is increased.
- the first interface portion 12a is formed by arranging a plurality of pixels, if the spatial frequency and / or the azimuth angle of the groove 14a are different between a part of the pixels and the other part, Different colors can be displayed on the pixels, and observable conditions can be set. Then, if at least one of the depth of the groove 14a and / or the area ratio of the diffraction grating to the pixel is made different between a part of the pixels constituting the first interface portion 12a and the other part, they are changed. The brightness of the pixels can be made different. Therefore, by using these, it is possible to display an image such as a full-color image and a stereoscopic image on the first interface portion 12a.
- image here refers to an image that can be observed as a spatial distribution of color and / or luminance.
- image includes a photograph, a figure, a picture, a character, a symbol, and the like.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing how the first interface emits diffracted light.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing how the second interface emits diffracted light. 5 and 6, 31a and 31b indicate illumination light, 32a and 32b indicate regular reflection light or 0th-order diffracted light, and 33a and 33b indicate first-order diffracted light.
- the plurality of concave portions or convex portions 14b provided in the second interface portion 12b has a smaller center-to-center distance compared to the minimum center distance of the groove 14a, that is, the lattice constant of the diffraction grating. They are arranged two-dimensionally by distance. Therefore, even if the concave portions or the convex portions 14b are regularly arranged and the second interface portion 12b emits the diffracted light 33b, the observer can observe the diffraction light 33b and the first interface portion 12a having the same wavelength as these. The diffracted light 33a is not perceived at the same time.
- Each concave portion or convex portion 14b has a forward tapered shape. With the forward taper shape, it is known that the reflectance of the specularly reflected light at the second interface portion 12b is small no matter what angle is observed.
- the second interface portion 12b when the display body 10 is observed from the normal direction, the second interface portion 12b appears darker than the first interface portion 12a.
- the second interface portion 12b typically appears black.
- black means, for example, all light components having a wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 700 nm when the normal force is applied to the display body 10 and the intensity of specular reflection light is measured. This means that the reflectance is less than 10%. Therefore, the second interface portion 12b looks like a black print layer formed so as to overlap with a part of the diffraction grating.
- the emission angle of the first-order diffracted light 33b from the second interface portion 12b is larger than -90 °, the angle formed by the normal direction of the display body 10 and the observation direction is appropriately set for observation. The person can perceive the first-order diffracted light 33b from the second interface portion 12b. Therefore, in this case, it is possible to visually confirm that the second interface portion 12b is different from the black printed layer.
- the center-to-center distance of the concave portion or the convex portion 14b may be within a range of 200 ⁇ m to 350 nm, for example.
- diffracted light having a wavelength corresponding to blue is easily observed at the second interface portion 12b. Therefore, for example, when the first interface portion 12a emits diffracted light having a wavelength corresponding to red, it is easier to confirm that the display body 10 is a genuine product by comparing both.
- the second interface portion 12b is formed by arranging a plurality of pixels, the shape, depth or height of the concave portion or the convex portion 14b, and the distance between the center between a part of the pixels and the other part.
- the distance and the arrangement pattern is varied, as described in detail later, it is possible to vary the reflectance of the pixels. Therefore, by using this, the floor at the second interface 12b Key display can be performed.
- the first interface portion 12a and the second interface portion 12b are in the same plane. Therefore, for example, the concave structure and / or the convex structure corresponding to the groove 14a and the concave or convex portion 14b is formed on one original plate, and the concave structure and / or the convex structure is transferred to the light transmitting layer 11.
- the groove 14a and the concave or convex portion 14b can be formed at the same time. Therefore, if the concave structure and / or the convex structure is formed on the original plate with high accuracy, the problem of misalignment between the first interface portion 12a and the second interface portion 12b cannot occur.
- the fine concavo-convex structure and high-precision features enable high-definition image display and make it easy to distinguish from those produced by other methods.
- the fact that genuine products can be manufactured with very high precision and stability makes it easier to distinguish them from counterfeit and counterfeit products.
- the image displayed on the display 10 is advantageously composed of a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally. This will be described below.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a display according to the first aspect in which a display surface is configured by a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix.
- a display surface is constituted by 35 pixels PX11 to PX17, PX21 to PX27, PX31 to PX37, PX41 to PX47, and PX51 to PX57 arranged in a matrix (tenth place). Corresponds to the X direction and the first digit corresponds to the Y direction).
- the pixels PX11 to PX17, PX21, PX27, PX31, PX37, PX41, PX47, and PX51 to PX57 constitute the first interface portion 12a.
- the pixels PX22 to PX24, PX26, PX32, PX34, PX36, and PX42 to 46 ⁇ constitute the second interface 12b.
- the pixels PX25, PX33, and PX35 constitute the third interface portion 12c.
- Pixels PX11 and PX12 have the same structure
- pixels PX13 to PX15 have the same structure
- pixels PX16, PX17, PX53, PX56, and PX57 have the same structure.
- the pixels PX21, PX37, PX51, PX52 and PX55 have the same structure
- the pixels PX27 and PX41 have the same structure
- the pixels PX31, PX47 and PX54 have the same structure.
- the pixel group composed of the elements PX27 and PX41 and the pixel group composed of the pixels PX31, PX47, and PX54 have different diffraction grating structures. As an example, in FIG. 7, only the azimuth angle of the diffraction grating is different between the pixel groups.
- pixels PX22 to PX24, PX26, PX32, PX34, PX36, and PX42 to 46 have the same structure.
- the pixels PX25, PX33, and PX35 have the same structure.
- an image is formed by eight types of pixels. If the visual effects of each of these eight pixels are known, it is easy to predict the resulting image. Therefore, the structure to be adopted for each pixel can be easily determined from the digital image data. Therefore, if the image to be displayed on the display body 10 is composed of a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally, the design of the display body 10 is facilitated.
- the force that forms an image with eight types of pixels and the number of types of pixels that form the image may be two or more.
- the power S can be displayed to display more complex images.
- the number of pixels constituting the force image constituting an image with 35 pixels may be two or more.
- the power S can be displayed to display a higher definition image.
- the first interface portion 12a is composed of six types of pixels that differ only in the azimuth angle of the diffraction grating, but the first interface portion 12a has a different diffraction grating structure. It may be composed of multiple types of pixels. That is, the first interface portion 12a may be composed of a plurality of types of pixels that differ from each other in at least one of the spatial frequency, azimuth angle, and depth of the groove 14a and the area ratio of the diffraction grating to the pixels. Alternatively, the first interface portion 12a may be composed of one type of pixel.
- the second interface portion 12b is composed of one type of pixel.
- the second interface portion 12b has the shape, depth, or height of the concave portion or the convex portion 14b.
- at least one of the center-to-center distance and the arrangement pattern may be composed of a plurality of types of pixels different from each other.
- FIGS. 8 to 11 are plan views schematically showing an example of the arrangement pattern of the recesses or projections that can be employed in the second interface part.
- the array of the concave portions or the convex portions 14b forms a square lattice.
- This structure is relatively easy to manufacture using a microfabrication device such as an electron beam drawing device or a stepper, and highly accurate control such as the distance between the centers of the concave portions or the convex portions 14b is also relatively easy.
- the recesses or protrusions 14b are regularly arranged. Therefore, when the distance between the centers of the concave portions or the convex portions 14b is set to be relatively long, diffracted light can be emitted from the second interface portion 12b. In this case, it is possible to visually confirm that the second interface portion 12b is different from the black printed layer. Further, when the distance between the centers of the concave or convex portions 14b is set relatively short, for example, when it is set to 200 nm or less, the emission of diffracted light from the second interface portion 12b can be prevented. In this case, regarding the observed color, it is difficult to separate the second interface portion 12b from the black print layer.
- the X direction and Y direction may be different. That is, the arrangement of the concave portions or the convex portions 14b may form a rectangular lattice.
- the display 10 is illuminated from the direction perpendicular to the Y direction and the direction perpendicular to the X direction. Therefore, the diffracted light can be emitted from the second interface portion 12b both when the display body 10 is illuminated, and the wavelength of the diffracted light can be made different between the former and the latter. If the distance between the centers of the recesses or the protrusions 14b is set to be relatively short in both the X direction and the Y direction, the emission of diffracted light from the second interface 12b can be prevented regardless of the illumination direction.
- the display body 10 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to one of the Y and X directions. Diffracted light is emitted from the second interface portion 12b, and when the direction force perpendicular to the other of the Y direction and the X direction is also illuminated, the diffracted light is emitted from the second interface portion 12b. Can prevent
- the arrangement of the recesses or protrusions 14b forms a triangular lattice.
- diffracted light can be emitted from the second interface portion 12b by setting the distance between the centers of the concave or convex portions 14b to be relatively long, as in the case of employing the structure of FIG. , Recess or If the distance between the centers of the convex portions 14b is set to be relatively short, the emission of diffracted light from the second interface portion 12b can be prevented.
- the concave portions or the convex portions 14b are irregularly arranged.
- the diffracted light is not easily emitted from the second interface portion. Note that this structure can be determined by, for example, forming force by recording speckle intensity distribution using light interference.
- the concave portions or the convex portions 14b are irregularly arranged, and the sizes thereof are not uniform.
- the diffracted light is less likely to be emitted from the second interface portion than when the structure of FIG. 10 is adopted.
- each layout pattern has its own visual effects and the like. Therefore, if the second interface portion 12b is composed of a plurality of pixels having different arrangement patterns of the concave portions or the convex portions 14b, a more complicated visual effect can be obtained.
- FIGS. 14 to 16 are enlarged perspective views showing other examples of structures that can be employed in the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS.
- FIGS. 14 to 16 The structure shown in FIGS. 14 to 16 is a modification of the structure shown in FIG.
- Each of the concave portions or convex portions 14b shown in FIGS. 14 to 16 has a forward tapered shape.
- the concave portion or the convex portion 14b has a conical shape.
- the concave portion or the convex portion 14b may have a truncated conical shape that may have a sharp tip.
- the concave portion or the convex portion 14b does not have a surface parallel to the second interface portion 12b.
- the force S is used to reduce the reflectance of the regular reflection light at the second interface portion 12b.
- the concave portion or the convex portion 14b has a quadrangular pyramid shape.
- the concave portion or the convex portion 14b may have a pyramid shape other than a quadrangular pyramid shape such as a triangular pyramid shape. In this case, the intensity of the diffracted light generated under specific conditions can be increased, and observation becomes easier. Further, when the concave portion or the convex portion 14b has a pyramid shape, the concave portion or the convex portion 14b may have a truncated pyramid shape that may have a sharp tip.
- the concave or convex portion 14b has a pyramid shape with a sharp tip, the concave or convex portion 14b does not have a surface parallel to the second interface portion 12b, so it is compared with a truncated pyramid shape. Thus, the reflectance of the regular reflection light at the second interface portion 12b can be further reduced.
- the concave portion or convex portion 14b has a semi-spindle shape. That is, the concave portion or the convex portion 14b has a conical shape with a rounded tip.
- a convex structure and / or a concave structure is formed on the original plate and / or convex from the original plate to the light transmission layer 11 as compared with the case where the structure shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 14 is adopted. Transfer of structure and / or concave structure is easier.
- the concave portion or the convex portion 14b has a structure in which a plurality of square pillars having different bottom areas are stacked in order from the largest bottom area.
- columnar bodies other than the quadrangular columns such as cylinders and triangular columns may be stacked.
- the reflectance of the specularly reflected light at the second interface portion 12b cannot be reduced as much as the structure shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 14, or FIG. 15 is adopted.
- the convex structure and / or the concave structure on the original plate are compared with the case where the structure shown in FIG. It is easier to form the structure and transfer the convex structure and / or the concave structure from the original plate to the light transmission layer 11.
- the shape of the concave portion or the convex portion 14b affects the reflectance of the second interface portion 12b. Therefore, when the second interface portion 12b is configured by a plurality of pixels having different shapes of the concave portion or the convex portion 14b, gradation display can be performed at the second interface portion 12b.
- the second interface portion 12b appears darker when the distance between the centers of the concave portions or the convex portions 14b is reduced.
- the illumination light is incident on all wavelengths within the range of 400 nm to 700 nm, which is the visible light wavelength, as is apparent from the above equation (2). Regardless of the angle, the second interface 12b emits diffracted light in the normal direction. Can be prevented. Therefore, when the second interface portion 12b is composed of a plurality of pixels having different center-to-center distances between the concave or convex portions 14b, gradation display can be performed at the second interface portion 12b.
- the second interface portion 12b appears darker when the depth or height of the concave portion or the convex portion 14b is increased. For example, if the depth or height of the concave portion or the convex portion 14b is set to 1/2 or more of the center-to-center distance, the second interface portion 12b looks extremely dark. Therefore, when the second interface portion 12b is composed of a plurality of pixels having different depths or heights of the concave portions or the convex portions 14b, gradation display can be performed at the second interface portion 12b.
- the second interface 12b has a ratio of the dimension of the recess or projection 14b in one direction parallel to the second interface 12b and the center distance of the recess or projection 14b in this direction to 1: 1. The closer it is, the more it looks ugly. When the dimension in one direction parallel to the second interface portion 12b of the concave or convex portion 14b is equal to the interval in this direction, the second interface portion 12b looks darkest. Therefore, when the second interface portion 12b is configured by a plurality of pixels having different ratios, gradation display can be performed at the second interface portion 12b.
- first interface portion 12a and the second interface portion 12b are disposed on the same surface, but they may be disposed on different surfaces.
- the first and second light transmission layers are laminated, the first reflection layer is interposed between them, and the surface of the second light transmission layer is covered with the second reflection layer.
- the first reflection layer is patterned so that the second reflection layer can be seen from the first light transmission layer side.
- at least a part of the interface between the first light transmission layer and the first reflection layer is one of the first interface portion 12a and the second interface portion 12b, and at least the interface between the second light transmission layer and the second reflection layer.
- a part is the other of the first interface portion 12a and the second interface portion 12b.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view schematically showing a display body according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XVIII-XVIII of the display shown in FIG.
- the display body 10 shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 has the same configuration as the display body 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, except that the second interface portion 12b includes two regions 12bl and 12b2. Have.
- FIG. 19A shows a structure that can be adopted in a region of the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. It is a perspective view which expands and shows an example of structure.
- FIG. 19B is an enlarged perspective view showing an example of a structure that can be adopted in another region of the second interface portion of the display body shown in FIGS. 17 and 18.
- Each of the regions 12M and 12b2 includes the second interface portion described with reference to FIGS.
- each of the regions 12bl and 12b2 includes a plurality of concave portions or convex portions 14b, and the concave portions or convex portions 14b have a forward tapered shape. Further, the distance between the centers of the concave portions or the convex portions 14b is different between the regions 12bl and 12b2. In the example shown in FIG. 19A and FIG. 19B, the region 12b2 has a larger distance between the centers of the concave portions or the convex portions 14b in each of the X direction and the Y direction compared to the region 12bl.
- the concave portions or the convex portions 14b are regularly or irregularly arranged.
- the recesses or projections 14b are arranged in the X direction and the Y direction orthogonal to each other.
- regions 12bl and 12b2 have different center-to-center distances, that is, lattice constants, of the concave or convex portions 14b. Therefore, based on the above formula (1), it is possible to observe the regions 12bl and 12b2 as different colors, or to vary the angle range in which the diffracted light 32b emitted from them can be observed. Therefore, for example, the image displayed on the second interface 12b can be a color image, or the image displayed on the second interface 12b can be changed depending on the observation direction.
- the distance between the minimum centers of the plurality of grooves 14a is equal to or longer than the shortest wavelength of visible light
- the distance between the centers of the plurality of recesses or protrusions 14b is the visible light. Less than the shortest wavelength.
- the regions 12bl and 12b2 are recognized as black regions under the observation conditions in which the diffracted light emitted from them is not observed. Under this observation condition, the first interface portion 12a displays, for example, the color caused by the first-order diffracted light. Yes.
- the regions 12bl and 12b2 are recognized as regions of different colors under the observation conditions in which the diffracted light emitted from them is observed.
- the first-order diffracted light emitted from the first interface 12a is It can be made not to contribute to the display. Therefore, for example, when the display body 10 is observed from the normal direction, the color by the diffracted light is displayed on the first interface portion 12a and the black color is displayed on the second interface portion 12b, and the display body 10 is greatly tilted.
- the second interface 12b is multicolored. An image can be displayed. Therefore, the display 10 can display a multicolor image, for example, a full-color image, on the second interface portion 12b, which is difficult to realize that the second interface portion 12b employs the structure described above.
- the identification of the full-color image can be prevented from being hindered by the first interface. Conversely, high-order diffracted light at the first interface and first-order diffracted light at the second interface may be observed simultaneously.
- the reflectivity and the like of the region 12bl and the region 12b2 may be substantially equal. In this way, when the display objects 10 are observed from the normal direction, the color sensation they give to the observer can be made almost equal. Therefore, in this case, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a latent image can be formed by making these regions 12 bl and 12 b 2 adjacent to each other.
- the center-to-center distance of the recesses or projections 14b in the first arrangement direction is different from the center-to-center distance of the recesses or projections 14b in the second arrangement direction. It may be different. In the latter case, for example, the emission angles are different between the first-order diffracted light of wavelength ⁇ emitted from the regions 12b 1 and 12b2 in the direction perpendicular to the X direction and the first-order diffracted light emitted in the ⁇ direction. Can do.
- the display 10 is held while the angle between the color displayed by the region 12bl or 12b2 and the viewing direction and the normal of the display 10 is kept constant when observed from an oblique direction perpendicular to the X direction.
- the color displayed in the region 12M or 12b2 can be made different when the observation direction and the Y direction are vertical.
- the former visual effect can be easily achieved by adopting the same rectangular grid arrangement except that the azimuth angle is different by 90 ° between the concave or convex portion 14b of the region 12bl and the concave or convex portion 14b of the region 12b2. realizable. In this way, it is possible to obtain a high anti-counterfeit result that is easy for the observer to understand the color change.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a display according to the second mode in which a display surface is configured by a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix.
- the display surface is configured (the tenth digit corresponds to the X direction and the first digit corresponds to the Y direction).
- the pixels PX11 to PX17, PX21, PX27, PX31, PX37, PX41, PX47, PX51, PX57, and PX61 to PX67 constitute the first interface portion 12a.
- the pixels PX22 to PX24, PX26, PX32, PX34, PX36, and PX42 to 46 constitute the first region 12bl of the second interface portion 12b.
- the pixels PX52 to PX56 constitute a second region 12b2 of the second interface portion 12b.
- the pixels PX25, PX33, and PX35 constitute the third interface portion 12c.
- Pixels PX11 and PX12 have the same structure
- pixels PX13 to PX15 have the same structure
- pixels PX16, PX17, PX63, PX66, and PX67 have the same structure.
- the pixels PX21, PX37, PX61, PX62 and PX65 have the same structure
- the pixels PX27, PX41 and PX51 have the same structure
- the pixels PX31, PX47, PX57 and PX64 have the same structure. have.
- the pixel group consisting of the PX65 force, the pixel group consisting of the pixels PX27, PX41, and PX51, and the pixel group consisting of the pixels PX31, PX47, PX57, and PX64 have different diffraction grating structures. As an example, in FIG. 20, only the azimuth angle of the diffraction grating is different between the pixel groups.
- pixels PX22 to PX24, PX26, PX32, PX34, PX36, and PX42 to 46 have the same structure.
- the pixels PX52 to PX56 have the same structure.
- the pixels PX25, PX33, and PX35 have the same structure.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a labeled article in which an anti-counterfeiting or identification label is supported on the article.
- FIG. 21 shows a printed material 100 as an example of an article with a label.
- This printed matter 100 is a magnetic card and includes a base material 51.
- the substrate 51 is made of plastic, for example.
- a printing layer 52 and a strip-shaped magnetic recording layer 53 are formed on the substrate 51.
- the display body 10 is held on the base material 51 as a forgery prevention or identification label.
- the display 10 has the same structure as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 except that the displayed image is different.
- the printed material 100 includes a display body 10. Therefore, as described above, it is difficult to forge or imitate the printed material 100. In addition, since the printed material 100 includes the display body 10, it is easy to discriminate between an authentic product and a non-authentic product if it is unknown whether the product is genuine. In addition, since the printed material 100 further includes a printed layer 52 in addition to the display body 10, it is easy to compare the appearance of the printed layer 52 with the appearance of the display body. Therefore, as compared with the case where the printed material 100 does not include the printed layer 52, it is easier to distinguish an authentic product from an authentic product and an unauthentic product.
- the printed matter including the force indicator 10 exemplifying a magnetic card as the printed matter including the display 10 is not limited to this.
- the printed matter including the display 10 may be another force such as a wireless card, an IC (integrated circuit) card, an ID (identification) card.
- the printed matter including the display 10 may be securities such as gift certificates and stock certificates.
- the printed matter including the display body 10 may be a tag to be attached to an article to be confirmed to be genuine.
- the printed material including the display body 10 may be a package body that contains an article to be confirmed to be genuine or a part thereof.
- the force S for attaching the display body 10 to the base material 51, and the display body 10 can be supported on the base material by other methods.
- the display body 10 may be cut into the paper and the paper may be opened at a position corresponding to the display body 10.
- the labeled article may not be a printed matter. That is, it does not include the print layer
- the display 10 may be supported on the article.
- the display 10 may be supported by a high-quality product such as a work of art.
- the display body 10 may be used for purposes other than forgery prevention.
- the display body 10 is a toy.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA2636488A CA2636488C (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-16 | Display and labeled article |
EP17194429.1A EP3299854B1 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-16 | Display and labeled article |
KR1020087019076A KR101363779B1 (ko) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-16 | 표시체 및 라벨 부착 물품 |
CN2007800043683A CN101379419B (zh) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-16 | 显示体及带标签物品 |
EP07829916.1A EP2077459B1 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-16 | Display body and labeled article |
BRPI0717621-0A BRPI0717621B1 (pt) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-16 | Dispositivo de segurança e artigo marcado |
US12/216,536 US8957761B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2008-07-07 | Display and labeled article |
US14/595,802 US10350838B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2015-01-13 | Display and labeled article |
US15/976,587 US10843419B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2018-05-10 | Display and labeled article |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006-288842 | 2006-10-24 | ||
JP2006288842A JP4961944B2 (ja) | 2006-10-24 | 2006-10-24 | 表示体及び印刷物 |
JP2007-204651 | 2007-08-06 | ||
JP2007204651A JP5303879B2 (ja) | 2007-08-06 | 2007-08-06 | 表示体及びラベル付き物品 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/216,536 Continuation US8957761B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2008-07-07 | Display and labeled article |
Publications (1)
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WO2008050641A1 true WO2008050641A1 (en) | 2008-05-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
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---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2007/070182 WO2008050641A1 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-16 | Display body and labeled article |
Country Status (8)
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---|---|
US (3) | US8957761B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP3299854B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4961944B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101363779B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101379419B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0717621B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2636488C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008050641A1 (ja) |
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JP2010197798A (ja) * | 2009-02-26 | 2010-09-09 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 偽造防止機能を有する光学素子及びそれを具備する偽造防止表示体 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3299854B1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
EP2077459A1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
EP3299854A1 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
US20150124323A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
US20180257320A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
EP2077459B1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
US20080272883A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
CN101379419B (zh) | 2011-12-21 |
JP2008107470A (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
US10843419B2 (en) | 2020-11-24 |
CA2636488A1 (en) | 2008-05-02 |
KR101363779B1 (ko) | 2014-02-14 |
US8957761B2 (en) | 2015-02-17 |
CA2636488C (en) | 2015-07-07 |
EP2077459A4 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
KR20090086304A (ko) | 2009-08-12 |
JP4961944B2 (ja) | 2012-06-27 |
CN101379419A (zh) | 2009-03-04 |
BRPI0717621B1 (pt) | 2023-12-19 |
BRPI0717621A2 (pt) | 2013-10-22 |
US10350838B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
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