CN106959544B - 一种背光模组、液晶显示器及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种背光模组、液晶显示器及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN106959544B
CN106959544B CN201610012307.2A CN201610012307A CN106959544B CN 106959544 B CN106959544 B CN 106959544B CN 201610012307 A CN201610012307 A CN 201610012307A CN 106959544 B CN106959544 B CN 106959544B
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grating
diffraction grating
backlight
light
liquid crystal
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CN106959544A (zh
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牛小辰
董学
陈小川
赵文卿
杨明
王倩
卢鹏程
高健
王磊
许睿
王鹏鹏
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336Illuminating devices
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    • G02F1/133606Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
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    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
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    • G02B6/28Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/133504Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18Diffraction gratings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336Illuminating devices
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
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    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133611Direct backlight including means for improving the brightness uniformity
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    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133621Illuminating devices providing coloured light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
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    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/30Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating
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  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种背光模组、液晶显示器及其制备工艺,用以实现更加轻薄的液晶显示器,并且可以提高液晶显示器的光效、降低功耗以及产品成本。本申请提供的一种背光模组,包括:背光源和设置在所述背光源之上的衍射光栅,其中,所述衍射光栅刻蚀在所述背光源上,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案,N为大于1的自然数。

Description

一种背光模组、液晶显示器及其制备工艺
技术领域
本申请涉及显示器技术领域,尤其涉及一种背光模组、液晶显示器及其制备工艺。
背景技术
随着显示领域技术的飞速发展,人们对显示器件的要求越来越高。轻薄、节能、画面细腻、降低成本始终是显示器件的发展目标。背光模组、TFT基板、下偏振片、彩膜基板和上偏振片的层叠结构限制了传统液晶显示器件的厚度,很难做到更加轻薄。此外,彩色滤光片的使用至少损耗了60%的光能,只能依靠提高背光亮度来满足现实器件的亮度要求,这无疑增加了功耗。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种背光模组、液晶显示器及其制备工艺,用以实现更加轻薄的液晶显示器,并且可以提高液晶显示器的光效、降低功耗以及产品成本。
本申请实施例提供的一种背光模组,包括:
背光源和设置在所述背光源之上的衍射光栅;
其中,所述衍射光栅刻蚀在所述背光源上,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案,N为大于1的自然数。
本申请实施例提供的一种背光模组,包括:背光源、设置在所述背光源之上的衍射光栅,其中,所述衍射光栅刻蚀在所述背光源上,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案,N为大于1的自然数,因此,能够使得液晶显示器省略下偏振片和彩膜基板,实现了更加轻薄的液晶显示器,提高液晶显示器的光效、降低功耗;并且由于增设的衍射光栅的作用是调整光的出光方向,可以减少背光源阵列的密度,因此可以在提高光效的同时,降低成本。
较佳地,所述背光源为直下式背光源。
较佳地,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元发出的光为准直光。
较佳地,所述背光源包括发出红、绿、蓝三种单色准直光的单色发光单元。
较佳地,所述衍射光栅为正弦相位光栅或闪耀光栅。
较佳地,当所述衍射光栅为正弦相位光栅时,若其倾斜角度为θG,光栅常数为Λ,光栅长度为L,厚度为d,那么其复振幅投射系数为:
Figure BDA0000903285380000021
其中,q表示衍射光栅的衍射级次;Jq代表q阶第一类贝塞尔函数;u=1/Λ,代表光栅的空间频率;rq=(αqqq)表示出射光的方向余弦;出射光的强度由v=2πΔnd/λ调制,Δn为光栅折射率,λ为波长。
较佳地,当所述衍射光栅为正弦相位光栅时,若该正弦相位光栅的入射光的方向余弦为(α,β,γ),则该正弦相位光栅的出射光的出射方向为(αqqq),并且满足如下关系:
Figure BDA0000903285380000022
较佳地,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应的所述衍射光栅上的各种光栅图案之间存在预设夹角,使得对应的单色发光单元发出的入射光呈N个角度出射。
较佳地,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应的所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案的排布方式不全相同。
较佳地,所述背光源中的相邻单色发光单元对应的所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案的排布方式不同。
本申请实施例提供的一种液晶显示器,包括所述的背光模组。
较佳地,所述液晶显示器还包括:设置在所述衍射光栅之上的光散射膜、以及依次设置在所述光散射膜之上的薄膜晶体管TFT基板、液晶层和偏振片。
较佳地,所述TFT基板包括扭曲向列型(Twisted Nematic,TN)、平面转换(In-Plane Switching,IPS)、垂直配向(Vertical Alignment,VA)显示模式的电极结构。
本申请实施例提供的一种液晶显示器的制作工艺,包括:
制备背光源;
在所述背光源之上制备衍射光栅;
在所述衍射光栅之上制备光散射膜;
在所述光散射膜之上依次制备薄膜晶体管TFT基板、液晶层和偏振片;
其中,所述衍射光栅刻蚀在所述背光源上,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案,N为大于1的自然数。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种液晶显示器的结构示意图;
图2为本申请实施例提供的背光源的结构示意图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的衍射光栅上对应背光源的一个单色发光单元的部分的四种光栅图案示意图;
图4为本申请实施例提供的背光源上的一个单色发光单元发出的光经衍射光栅上对应的光栅后发出四种方向的出射光示意图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的背光源的整个显示区域对应的衍射光栅的整体光栅图案示意图;
图6为本申请实施例提供的背光源的不同颜色的入射光经过衍射光栅和光散射膜后沿各个方向均匀传播的不同颜色的出射光的示意图;
图7为本申请实施例提供的背光源上的不同颜色的单色发光单元发出的光经衍射光栅作用后,为TFT基板上不同的亚像素单元提供不同颜色背光,从而实现彩色显示的示意图;
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种液晶显示器的制作工艺的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种背光模组、液晶显示器及其制备工艺,用以实现更加轻薄的液晶显示器,并且可以提高液晶显示器的光效、降低功耗以及产品成本。
本申请实施例提供的一种背光模组,包括:背光源、设置在所述背光源之上的衍射光栅;其中,所述衍射光栅刻蚀在所述背光源上,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案,N为大于1的自然数。从而,能够使得包含该背光模组的液晶显示器省略下偏振片和彩膜基板,实现了更加轻薄的液晶显示器,提高液晶显示器的光效、降低功耗;并且由于增设的衍射光栅的作用是调整光的出光方向,可以减少背光源阵列的密度,因此可以在提高光效的同时,降低成本。
本申请实施例提供的一种能够提高背光利用效率的薄型化的液晶显示器件,参见图1,从下至上,依次由直下式背光源1、衍射光栅2、光散射膜3、薄膜晶体管(Thin FilmTransistor,TFT)基板4、液晶层5、偏振片6构成。
其中,背光源1可以为直下式背光源,参见图2,背光源1使用红(R)绿(G)蓝(B)单色准直光,所述直下式背光源能够免去彩膜基板的使用,从而提高出光效率,降低功耗,使显示画面更加细腻逼真。衍射光栅2可以减少背光源阵列的密度,从而降低成本。光散射膜3使背光源1发出的背光沿各个方向均匀出射。
本申请实施例提供的液晶显示器,只有一个偏振片6,可以理解为上偏振片,因此与现有技术相比,无下偏振片和彩膜基板,因此本申请实施例提供的液晶显示器的厚度大大降低,更加轻薄;并且,彩膜基板的透光率只有30%左右,本申请实施例提供的液晶显示器无彩膜基板,因此能够提高光效,降低功耗。
本申请实施例提供的液晶显示器中的衍射光栅2,例如可以为正弦相位光栅,刻蚀在背光源1上。背光源1结构中,每一个单色发光单元对应衍射光栅2上的部分包括N种光栅图案,N为大于1的自然数。衍射光栅2的作用是调整光的出光方向,从而降低背光源1上单色发光单元阵列的密度,以节约成本。
例如,以N=4为例进行说明,如图3所示。背光源1结构中的每一个单色发光单元对应衍射光栅2上的部分包括4种光栅图案,4种光栅图案对应的光栅之间呈一定夹角,角度互不相同。背光源1的每一单色发光单元的入射光经过衍射光栅2上的光栅后,呈四个角度出射,如图4所示。衍射光栅2在背光源1对应的整面显示区域的光栅排布如图5所示,需要说明的是,图5仅为示意图,不同像素之间的光栅角度也可能存在不同,即每一像素单元对应的光栅图案可以相同也可以不同,具体可以根据出光方向调节。下面对光栅的作用原理进行说明。
关于衍射光栅的作用原理介绍如下:
例如,衍射光栅为正弦相位光栅,若其倾斜角度为θG,光栅常数为Λ,光栅长度为L,厚度为d,那么其复振幅投射系数t(rq)为下面公式一所示:
Figure BDA0000903285380000051
公式一
其中,q表示衍射光栅的衍射级次;Jq代表q阶第一类贝塞尔函数;u=1/Λ,代表光栅的空间频率;rq=(αqqq)表示出射光的方向余弦;出射光的强度由v=2πΔnd/λ调制,Δn为光栅折射率,λ为波长。
由此可见,正弦相位光栅能够调制其入射光的相位,例如方向余弦为(α,β,γ)的入射光经过正弦相位光栅后,其出射方向变为(αqqq),它们之间具有如下公式二所示的关系:
Figure BDA0000903285380000061
公式二
由公式二可知,对于正弦相位光栅,光的出射角度与入射光角度、光栅参数和波长λ相关。其他条件不变而只改变光栅倾斜角度θG时,光出射的方向也随之改变,因此会出现如图4所示的现象。
经光栅出射的光只能沿着特定角度传播,因此,进一步,为了扩大可视范围,本申请实施例提供的液晶显示器增加了一层光散射膜3,使经衍射光栅2出射的光线在各个位置沿各个方向均匀传播,如图6所示。
R、G、B三色光的波长不同,合理地调整光栅参数,可以使其形成如图7所示的效果,即:背光源上的红色单一发光单元经衍射光栅作用后,为TFT基板上的四个不同的亚像素单元提供红色背光;背光源上的蓝色单一发光单元经衍射光栅作用后,为TFT基板上的四个不同的亚像素单元提供蓝色背光;背光源上的绿色单一发光单元经衍射光栅作用后,为TFT基板上的四个不同的亚像素单元提供绿背光;各个亚像素单元互不重叠,三个不同颜色的亚像素单元组成一个完整的像素单元,以实现彩色显示。图7中的背光阵列,即背光源上的每一单色发光单元构成的阵列;图7中的衍射光栅阵列,即每一单色发光单元对应的光栅构成的阵列;图7中的TFT阵列,即由TFT构成的阵列。
由此可见,本申请实施例提供的液晶显示器的结构设计使显示器件的分辨率不依赖于背光阵列的密度,从而降低直下式背光源的成本。
需要说明的是,本申请实施例中:背光源上的每一个单色发光单元对应的光栅个数在满足工艺能力条件下是不限的,本申请实施例中以每一个单色发光单元对应4个光栅为例,但不限于此;背光源上的每一个单色发光单元对应的各个光栅图案的排布方式不限,只要N个光栅形成一定的夹角使出射光呈N种角度出射且满足像素组成结构即可;TFT基板的电极结构不限,例如TN、IPS、VA显示模式的电极结构均可,TFT基板可以为TFT玻璃基板;背光源上的单色发光单元的排列方式与像素渲染结构不限,Real,BV,Pentile方式均可。
参见图8,本申请实施例提供的一种液晶显示器的制作工艺,包括:
S101、制备背光源;
S102、在所述背光源之上制备衍射光栅;
S103、在所述衍射光栅之上制备光散射膜;
S104、在所述光散射膜之上依次制备薄膜晶体管TFT基板、液晶层和偏振片;
其中,所述衍射光栅刻蚀在所述背光源上,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案,N为大于1的自然数。
综上所述,本申请实施例提供的技术方案,能够明显减少液晶显示器件的模组厚度,提高背光源的出光效率,并且降低器件功耗、产品成本。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样,倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (12)

1.一种背光模组,其特征在于,包括:
背光源、设置在所述背光源之上的衍射光栅和设置在所述衍射光栅之上的光散射膜;
其中,所述衍射光栅刻蚀在所述背光源上,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案,所述N种光栅图案的排布方式互不相同,N为大于1的自然数;
所述背光源为直下式背光源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的背光模组,其特征在于,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元发出的光为准直光。
3.根据权利要求2所述的背光模组,其特征在于,所述背光源包括发出红、绿、蓝三种单色准直光的单色发光单元。
4.根据权利要求1所述的背光模组,其特征在于,所述衍射光栅为正弦相位光栅或闪耀光栅。
5.根据权利要求4所述的背光模组,其特征在于,当所述衍射光栅为正弦相位光栅时,若其倾斜角度为θG,光栅常数为Λ,光栅长度为L,厚度为d,那么其复振幅投射系数为:
Figure FDA0002634957810000011
其中,q表示衍射光栅的衍射级次;Jq代表q阶第一类贝塞尔函数;u=1/Λ,代表光栅的空间频率;rq=(αqqq)表示出射光的方向余弦;出射光的强度由v=2πΔnd/λ调制,Δn为光栅折射率,λ为波长。
6.根据权利要求5所述的背光模组,其特征在于,当所述衍射光栅为正弦相位光栅时,若该正弦相位光栅的入射光的方向余弦为(α,β,γ),则该正弦相位光栅的出射光的出射方向为(αqqq),并且满足如下关系:
Figure FDA0002634957810000021
7.根据权利要求1所述的背光模组,其特征在于,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应的所述衍射光栅上的各种光栅图案之间存在预设夹角,使得对应的单色发光单元发出的入射光呈N个角度出射。
8.根据权利要求1所述的背光模组,其特征在于,所述背光源中的相邻单色发光单元对应的所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案的排布方式不同。
9.一种液晶显示器,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~8任一权项所述的背光模组。
10.根据权利要求9所述的液晶显示器,其特征在于,还包括:设置在所述衍射光栅之上的光散射膜、以及依次设置在所述光散射膜之上的薄膜晶体管TFT基板、液晶层和偏振片。
11.根据权利要求10所述的液晶显示器,其特征在于,所述TFT基板包括扭曲向列型TN、平面转换IPS、垂直配向VA显示模式的电极结构。
12.一种液晶显示器的制作工艺,其特征在于,包括:
制备背光源;
在所述背光源之上制备衍射光栅;
在所述衍射光栅之上制备光散射膜;
在所述光散射膜之上依次制备薄膜晶体管TFT基板、液晶层和偏振片;
其中,所述衍射光栅刻蚀在所述背光源上,所述背光源中的每一个单色发光单元对应所述衍射光栅上的N种光栅图案,所述N种光栅图案的排布方式互不相同,N为大于1的自然数。
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