WO2007145291A1 - 燃料電池用膜電極接合体、高分子電解質型燃料電池用セル、高分子電解質型燃料電池及び膜電極接合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池用膜電極接合体、高分子電解質型燃料電池用セル、高分子電解質型燃料電池及び膜電極接合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8896—Pressing, rolling, calendering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/886—Powder spraying, e.g. wet or dry powder spraying, plasma spraying
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
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- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
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- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0286—Processes for forming seals
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2404—Processes or apparatus for grouping fuel cells
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49114—Electric battery cell making including adhesively bonding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell, polymer electrolyte fuel cell, polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and method for producing membrane electrode assembly
- the present invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly used in a fuel cell, a method for producing the membrane electrode assembly, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the present invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and a method for producing a membrane electrode assembly in which a gasket is bonded to the peripheral edge of the membrane electrode assembly body.
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- a PEFC is generally configured by stacking cells.
- One cell is configured by sandwiching a membrane electrode assembly between a pair of plate-like conductive separators, specifically, an anode separator and a cathode separator.
- the membrane / electrode assembly includes a membrane / electrode assembly body and a frame that extends around the periphery of the membrane / electrode assembly and surrounds the membrane / electrode assembly.
- the membrane / electrode assembly body is composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrode layers formed on both sides thereof. Then, the fuel gas and the oxidant gas come into contact with both surfaces of the electrode layer, respectively, and an electrochemical reaction occurs.
- the frame includes a gasket, and the gap between the gasket and the separator is sealed, and leakage of fuel gas and oxidizing agent gas to the outside is blocked or suppressed.
- Fuel cell cells having this configuration are disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-155745 and Japanese Patent No. 3368907.
- a fuel battery cell disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-155745 discloses a gasket formed so as to cover the end surface of the membrane electrode assembly main body and seal the end surface.
- a gasket is not suitable for mass production because it takes time and effort to dispose a sealing material that adheres uniformly to the periphery of the electrode layer without excess or deficiency.
- the gasket also covers the end face of the electrode layer of the membrane electrode assembly body. Since it is covered, the part of the end surface covered with the gasket does not contribute to power generation, resulting in a problem of reducing efficiency.
- the membrane electrode assembly disclosed in FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent No. 3 368907 discloses a membrane electrode assembly in which a gap is provided between an electrode layer and a gasket (gas seal material).
- the applicant in the earlier application (2005-105742, unpublished), has an annular portion formed substantially annularly along the inner edge of the frame, and A gasket structure having an extending portion formed by extending from the annular portion so as to be bonded to the side surface of the electrode layer through the inner edge portion of the frame and the peripheral edge portion of the polymer electrolyte membrane is disclosed. did. With this configuration, as shown in FIG. 6 (d) of the application, the above problem that the polymer electrolyte membrane is not exposed to the surface is solved.
- the electrode layer has a multilayer structure in which a catalyst layer, a C layer, and a gas diffusion layer are laminated on a polymer electrolyte membrane, which is not normally constituted of a single layer structure.
- the gas diffusion layer is usually made larger than the catalyst layer and is disposed so as to protrude from the periphery of the catalyst layer.
- the side surface of the electrode layer is not flush with the protruding portion of the gas diffusion layer, and the polymer electrolyte membrane is actually exposed without the portion being covered by the gasket.
- Fuel gas and oxidant gas that have passed through the diffusion layer enter the gap located below the protruding portion of the diffusion layer, and this may cause fuel gas and oxidant gas to leak through the gap. It was.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell and a polymer electrolyte type capable of preventing the exposure of a polymer electrolyte membrane that should solve the above-mentioned problem
- a fuel cell, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and a method for producing a membrane electrode assembly are provided.
- the present invention is configured as follows.
- the catalyst layer and the catalyst layer are larger in area than the catalyst layer and the catalyst layer in the central region inside the peripheral portions of both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the polymer electrolyte membrane, respectively.
- a membrane electrode assembly main body comprising a pair of electrode layers laminated with a diffusion layer having a peripheral edge protruding from the periphery, and a gap is provided between the protrusion of the diffusion layer and the peripheral edge of the polymer electrolyte membrane
- a plate-like thermoplastic resin-made frame made to sandwich the periphery of the polymer electrolyte membrane with a distance from the pair of electrode layers and surrounding the outer edge of the polymer electrolyte membrane;
- a gasket made of thermoplastic resin provided on each side of the frame, and the gasket is provided along an inner edge of the frame, and an annular portion that covers the gap from the inner edge of the frame.
- a rib provided on the annular portion and extending along the inner edge of the frame, and a gap filling portion filling the gap between the protruding portion of the diffusion layer and the peripheral edge of the polymer electrolyte membrane;
- a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell is provided.
- the position where the rib extending along the inner edge of the frame is provided is more than the outer peripheral end of the polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the frames.
- the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to the first aspect is provided so as to be inside.
- the membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to the first aspect wherein the diffusion layer has a protruding width of the protruding portion shorter than a thickness width of the diffusion layer.
- the diffusion layer is configured such that the end face of the protruding portion is tapered in a direction in which the catalyst layer side becomes shorter. Provide coalescence.
- the electrode layers provided on both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane are arranged so that the positions thereof are shifted on the front and back surfaces, and the positions of the gaps are on the front and back surfaces.
- a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to a first embodiment which differs in direction.
- the frame includes a pair of manifold holes for supplying fuel gas and oxidant gas to the membrane electrode assembly main body, respectively,
- the annular part of the gasket provides the membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to the first aspect, which is provided around the manifold hole.
- the membrane electrode assembly of the first aspect and an anode separator and a force sword separator arranged so as to sandwich the membrane electrode assembly,
- annular contact portion that contacts an annular portion provided around the membrane electrode assembly main body is provided in the same shape as the outer shape of the annular portion.
- a cell for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that is configured so as not to generate a gap between a portion and an annular portion contact portion.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising two or more polymer electrolyte fuel cell cells according to the seventh aspect being laminated.
- the catalyst layer is provided on both surfaces inside the periphery of the polymer electrolyte membrane, and the catalyst layer has an area larger than the catalyst layer on the surface of the catalyst layer.
- a membrane electrode assembly main body portion in which a gap is formed between the protruding portion of the diffusion layer and the peripheral edge portion of the polymer electrolyte membrane is prepared by arranging the diffusion layers formed so that the peripheral edge protrudes from the stacked layers.
- thermoplastic resin is poured between the first mold and the second mold to form a frame-shaped molded member having a flat portion on the inner edge of the frame,
- the membrane electrode assembly is arranged such that the peripheral edge of the membrane electrode assembly body is located on the flat portion.
- a third mold is joined to a first mold in a state in which the molded main body is disposed in a frame of the molded member and the molded member is fitted, and the first mold and the third mold are joined.
- a thermoplastic resin is poured in between to form a frame body in which the membrane electrode assembly main body portion is joined, and a fourth body is sandwiched between the frames to which the membrane electrode assembly main body portion is joined.
- a mold and a fifth mold are joined, and molten resin is poured between the fourth mold and the fifth mold, and is provided along the inner edge of the frame body.
- An annular portion that covers up to the outer edge of the diffusion layer, a rib that is provided on the annular portion and extends along the inner edge of the frame, a protruding portion of the diffusion layer, and a peripheral portion of the polymer electrolyte membrane A method for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly is provided, in which a gasket including a gap filling portion that fills the gaps between them is molded.
- the present invention since there is an annular portion that is provided along the inner edge of the frame body and covers from the inner edge of the frame body to the outer edge of the diffusion layer, there is a gap between the frame body and the diffusion layer. It is not formed.
- the annular portion is provided from the inner edge of the frame to the outer edge of the diffusion layer, and does not cover the diffusion layer, so that the surface area of the diffusion layer that can contact the fuel gas and the oxidant gas can be reduced.
- the power generation efficiency can be kept high.
- the fuel gas and the oxidant gas sent from the frame body side diffuse through the diffusion layer.
- the protruding partial force of the layer can also be prevented from being short-cut without coming into contact with the catalyst layer which does not flow into the gap between the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the fuel utilization rate can be improved and stable power generation can be performed. Further, by providing a rib on the top surface of the annular portion, the hermeticity between the membrane electrode assembly and the separator can be enhanced.
- the rib provided on the top surface of the annular portion can improve the sealing property between the separator and each electrode assembly.
- the frame presses the polymer electrolyte membrane by the pressure applied to the rib when combined with the separator, so that the polymer It is possible to prevent the fuel gas or the oxidant gas from being short-cut to the opposite side surface from the gap between the electrolyte membrane and the frame.
- FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view showing a schematic structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partially exploded cross-sectional view showing the cell cross-section taken along the line ⁇ - ⁇ in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the surface structure of the membrane electrode assembly of FIG. 1 on the anode separator side.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the surface structure of the membrane electrode assembly of FIG.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional perspective view of the boundary portion between the gasket and the electrode layer of the membrane electrode assembly
- FIG. 5B is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the electrode layer of the membrane / electrode assembly main body
- FIG. 5C is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the electrode layer of the main part of the membrane electrode assembly according to the modification
- FIG. 6 is a manufacturing process diagram schematically showing each manufacturing process of the membrane-electrode assembly in the cross-section taken along the line VI-VI in FIG. 3 and FIG.
- FIG. 7A is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a membrane electrode assembly that works on a modification
- FIG. 7B is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a membrane / electrode assembly that works on a further modification.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a partially exploded structure of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) 100 is formed by laminating cells 10. It is configured. Although not shown, a current collector plate, an insulating plate, and an end plate are attached to the outermost layers at both ends of the cell 10, and the cell 10 has fastening bolts and nuts (both shown) that are passed through the bolt holes 4 from both ends. (None). In this embodiment, 60 cells 10 are stacked, and the bolt and nut passed through the bolt hole 4 are fastened with a fastening force of 10 kN.
- the cell 10 is composed of a frame 6 at the peripheral edge of both surfaces of the membrane electrode assembly 1, more precisely, a gasket 7 formed of a pair of conductive separators, specifically an anode separator 2 and a force sword separator 3. It is comprised between. As a result, the diffusion layer 5c (see FIG.
- a pair of through holes through which fuel gas and oxidant gas circulate in the peripheral portions of the separators 2, 3 and the membrane electrode assembly 1, that is, the frame 6, ie, fuel gas mould holes 1, 2, 22, 32 and 13, 23, 33 forces are provided.
- the through holes are stacked to form a fuel gas mold and an oxidant mold.
- a fuel gas passage groove 21 is provided on the inner main surface of the anode separator so as to connect the pair of fuel gas manifold holes 22, 22.
- an oxidizing gas channel 31 is formed so as to connect the pair of oxidant gas-mold holes 33, 33. That is, the oxidant gas and the fuel gas are branched from the one of the moulds, that is, the supply-side mould, into the flow channel grooves 21 and 31, respectively. It is configured to be distributed to the side of the mall.
- the fuel gas channel groove 21 contacts the diffusion layer 5C in the assembled state of the cell 10.
- the channel groove 31 is formed on the surface in contact with the diffusion layer 5C in the assembled state of the cell 10, and the diffusion layer contact portion 31A and the surface in contact with the diffusion layer 5C.
- the diffusion layer 5C is configured to have a pair of communication portions (communication flow channel grooves) 31B formed between the surfaces facing the periphery of the diffusion layer 5C.
- the connecting portions 21B, 3IB are formed so as to connect the pair of mould holes 22, 33 and the diffusion layer abutting portions 21A, 31A.
- the oxidant gas and the fuel gas branch from the fuel gas manifold hole 22 and the oxidant gas manifold hole 33 on the supply side into the connecting portions 21B and 31B, respectively, and flow into the contact portions of the diffusion layers.
- 21A and 31A it contacts the diffusion layer 5C and causes an electrochemical reaction.
- the surplus gas and reaction product components are discharged from the fuel gas manifold on the exhaust side via the connecting portions 21B and 31B connected to the fuel gas manifold hole 22 and the oxidant gas manifold hole 33 on the exhaust side. -Discharged into fold hole 22 and oxidant gas fold hole 33.
- Gaskets 7 are disposed on the main surfaces on both sides of the frame 6 of the membrane electrode assembly 1.
- the gasket 7 is arranged so that the oxidant gas and the fuel gas do not flow out from the predetermined flow channel grooves 21, 31 to the outside of the flow channel grooves 21, 31. That is, the gasket 7 is disposed so as to surround the periphery of the manifold holes 12, 13, and 14 and the periphery of the frame. Further, here, on the anode separator 2 side, in the assembled state of the cell 10, the gasket 7 is not disposed at the position where the connecting portion 21B of the fuel gas flow channel groove 21 abuts, and the fuel gas mould hole 12 The gasket 7 is disposed so that the membrane electrode assembly body 5 is integrally surrounded.
- the gasket 7 is not disposed at the position where the connecting portion 31B of the oxidant gas flow channel 31 contacts, and the oxidant gas marker Fuel gas and oxidant gas flow between the fold hole 13 and the membrane electrode assembly body 5 and the oxidant gas flow between the fold gas hole 33 and the membrane electrode assembly body 5
- the gasket 7 prevents the fuel gas passage 21 and the oxidant gas passage 31 from leaking out.
- FIG. 1 for the convenience of explanation, the meander structure of the flow path grooves 21 and 31 of the diffusion layer abutting portions 21A and 31A of the gaskets 7, separators 2 and 3 is outlined. It is shown as a schematic configuration.
- the M-fold is composed of V, a so-called external mould!
- the fuel gas mould holes 12, 22, 32 and the oxidant gas mould holes 13, 23, 33 are formed in the membrane electrode assembly 1 and the separators 2, 3.
- the connecting portions 21B and 31B of the fuel gas channel groove 21 and the oxidant gas channel 31 are extended to the end faces of the separators 2 and 3, respectively.
- Pipes for supplying fuel gas and oxidant gas are branched and joined to the end faces of the separators 2 and 3, respectively.
- the gasket 7 is arranged to extend to the end face of the frame 6 along the periphery of the connecting portions 21B and 31B of the fuel gas flow channel 21 and the oxidant gas flow channel 31. .
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the cell stack cross section in the cross-section taken along the line ⁇ in FIG.
- the membrane electrode assembly main body 5 is composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane 5A that selectively transports hydrogen ions and a pair of electrode layers 5D formed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A, that is, an electrode layer card for the anode and cathode. Consists of.
- the electrode layer 5D has a two-layer structure of a catalyst layer 5B and a diffusion layer 5C.
- the catalyst layer 5B is usually formed on the surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A mainly composed of carbon powder supporting a white metal catalyst.
- the diffusion layer 5C has both air permeability and electronic conductivity formed on the outer surface of the catalyst layer 5B.
- the catalyst layer 5B may have a two-layer structure of a C layer and a platinum carbon layer (not shown).
- the diffusion layer 5C is configured to protrude from the periphery of the catalyst layer 5B (see FIG. 5A).
- the reason why the diffusion layer 5C is provided so as to protrude from the catalyst layer 5B is to allow the fuel gas or the oxidant gas to spread over the entire surface of the catalyst layer 5B. That is, since the diffusion layer 5C is usually configured to be larger than the catalyst layer 5B, the entire surface of the catalyst layer 5B can be brought into contact with the diffusion layer 5C, and the fuel gas or the oxidant is entirely applied to the catalyst layer 5B. Ga Can be distributed.
- the anode separator 2 and the force sword separator 3 have a flat plate shape, and the surface in contact with the membrane electrode assembly 1, that is, the inner surface is the shape of the membrane electrode assembly 1, more specifically, the frame. Steps 25 and 35 are provided so that the center portion protrudes in a trapezoidal shape so as to correspond to the step difference due to the difference in thickness between the body 6 and the membrane electrode assembly body portion 5.
- the anode separator 2 and the force sword separator 3 are made of glassy carbon (thickness 3 mm) manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. Pass through the separators 2 and 3, each manifold, and tan 22, 23, 2, 32, 33 and 34, and the bolt hole 4 penetrates in the thickness direction of the separators 2 and 3.
- a fuel gas channel groove 21 and an oxidant gas channel 31 are formed on the inner surfaces of the separators 2 and 3, and a water channel groove 50 is formed on the back surface of the separators 2 and 3. .
- Various manifold holes 22, 23, 24, 32, 33, 34, bolt holes 4, fuel gas channel grooves 31, water channel grooves 50, etc. are formed by cutting or molding.
- the water channel groove 50 is formed so as to connect the two pairs of water-mould holes 24, 34. That is, each of the water branches from the one manifold, that is, the supply-side manifold, to the water channel groove 50, and flows to the other manifold, that is, the drain-side manifold.
- the heat transfer capability of water can keep the cell 10 at a predetermined temperature suitable for the electrochemical reaction.
- the water supply / discharge passage for cooling without forming the water-mould holes 14, 24, 34 in the peripheral portions of the separators 2, 3 and the membrane electrode assembly 1 is used. May have an external mould structure.
- the cell 10 may be stacked by inserting a cooling unit in which cooling water circulates between adjacent cells without forming the water channel groove 51 on the back of the separators 2 and 3. Yo ...
- the gasket 7 is composed of an elastic body, and is deformed when the membrane electrode assembly 1 and the separators 2 and 3 are pressed, and the periphery of the membrane electrode assembly body 5 and the periphery of the manifold hole 14 are sealed. Is done.
- the fuel gas manifold hole 12 and the oxidant mould hole 13 are similarly sealed by the gasket 7 in the vicinity of each of the mould holes.
- a gap 40 around the membrane electrode assembly main body portion is formed between the membrane electrode assembly main body portion 5 and the electrode layer 5D.
- the gasket 7 also seals the gap 40 around the membrane electrode assembly main body, as will be described later.
- Groove portions 6A are formed in portions where the annular portions 7A of the gasket 7 on both surfaces of the frame 6 extend, and the circulation portions 7A are formed so as to fill the groove portions 6A. This groove 6A can improve the bondability between the gasket 7 and the frame 6.
- the frame body 6 is made of thermoplastic resin.
- This thermoplastic resin is chemically clean and stable below the operating temperature of PEFC 100, and has a moderate elastic modulus and a relatively high weighted deflection temperature.
- the compression elastic modulus of the frame body 6 is at least It is preferably 2000 MPa or more.
- the elastic modulus means a compression elastic modulus measured by a compression elastic modulus measurement method defined in JIS-K7181.
- the stagnation load temperature of the frame 6 is preferably 120 ° C or higher.
- the frame 6 is preferably a crystalline resin rather than an amorphous resin.
- a material having high mechanical strength and high heat resistance is preferable.
- a so-called super-engineering plastic grade is suitable, and examples thereof include polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and crystalline polymer (LCP) polyether-tolyl (PEN).
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PEEK polyether ether ketone
- LCP crystalline polymer
- PEN polyether-tolyl
- polypropylene (GFPP) filled with glass filler has an elastic modulus several times that of unfilled polypropylene (compression elastic modulus 1000-1500 MPa). In addition, it has a stagnation load temperature close to 150 ° C and can be suitably used.
- glass filler-added PPS Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd. DIC—PPS FZ11 40-B2 which is a thermoplastic resin is used.
- the gasket 7 is also composed of thermoplastic resin or thermoplastic elastomer.
- This thermoplastic resin or thermoplastic elastomer is chemically stable under the operating conditions of PEFC100, and has hot water resistance such as no hydrolysis.
- the gasket 7 preferably has a compressive elastic modulus of 200 MPa or less.
- Suitable materials include polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polystyrene, polychlorinated butyl, polysalt vinylidene, polybutyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyarylene.
- a general seal member 9 such as a squeezed packing having heat resistant material force is disposed around various mould holes.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the surface structure of the membrane electrode assembly of FIG. 1 on the anode separator side
- FIG. 4 shows the surface structure of the membrane electrode assembly of FIG. 1 on the force sword separator side.
- the alternate long and short dash line indicates the position where the fuel gas channel 21 and the oxidant gas channel 31 of the anode separator 2 and the force sword separator 3 are in contact with or opposed to each other in the assembled state of the cell 10. .
- the membrane electrode assembly 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a frame body 6 at the peripheral edge of the membrane electrode assembly body portion 5, and both the main surface and the height of the frame body.
- a gasket 7 is provided over the peripheral edge 5E of the molecular electrolyte membrane 5A.
- the frame body 6 is a rectangular frame body that sandwiches the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A of the membrane electrode assembly body 5 (see FIG. 2) and is joined to the outer edge of the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A. .
- the frame 6 includes a pair of fuel gas mould holes 12, a pair of oxidant mould holes 13, and two pairs of water moulds so as to penetrate the frame in the thickness direction. Holes 14 and four bolt holes 4 are provided near the corners of the frame 6.
- the frame 6 is configured as a rectangular flat plate having an outer shape of 200 mm ⁇ 180 mm and an opening 26 of 124 mm square.
- the thickness of the frame body 6 is 0.8 mm.
- the gasket 7 includes a pair of fuel gas manifold holes 12 and a pair of oxidant gas manifolds.
- An annular portion 7A that surrounds the hole 13 and the two pairs of water-moulded holes 14 and surrounds the diffusion layer 5C of the membrane electrode assembly body 5 is provided.
- an annular portion 7A is formed so as to integrally surround the fuel gas manifold hole 12 and the membrane electrode assembly main body portion 5, and as shown in FIG.
- an annular portion 7A is formed so as to surround the oxidant gas manifold hole 13 and the membrane electrode assembly main body portion 5.
- the annular portion 7A of the gasket 7 causes the flow resistance of the connecting portions 21B, 31B of the fuel gas flow channel 21 and the oxidant gas flow channel 31, but the communication portions 21B, Annular part abutting 31B 7A force It is located in the part where the steps 25 and 35 of each separator 2 and 3 are provided, and the depth of the groove provided in each separator 2 and 3 is Since it is sufficient, it does not hinder the flow path of fuel gas and oxidant gas.
- the annular portion 7A of the gasket 7 does not have to be disposed at a position where the connecting portions 21B and 31B of the fuel gas passage groove 21 and the oxidant gas passage groove 31 abut. .
- the channel resistance of the connecting portions 21B and 31B of the fuel gas channel groove 21 and the oxidant gas channel groove 31 can be further reduced.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional perspective view of a boundary portion between the gasket and the electrode layer of the membrane / electrode assembly. Between the annular portion 7A and the electrode layer 5D of the membrane electrode assembly main body portion 5, the steps 25 and 35 of the generators 2 and 3 are formed so as to be in close contact with each other without any gap.
- the annular portion 7A of the gasket 7 is formed in an annular shape covering the peripheral edge portion 5E along the inner edge of the frame body 6 on each main surface of the frame body 6.
- the surface 71 of 7A is formed along the steps 25 and 35 of the anode separator 2 and the force sword separator 3, and when the membrane electrode assembly and the separators 2 and 3 are combined, the annular portion The gap is not formed between the surface and the surfaces of the separators 2 and 3.
- a gap is formed between the diffusion layer 5C and the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A where the diffusion layer 5C protrudes from the periphery of the catalyst layer 5B.
- a gap filling portion 7B of the gasket 7 is also provided in the gap as will be described later.
- the annular portion 7A is thus configured, and the membrane electrode assembly main body gap 40, which is the gap between the frame 6 and the electrode layer 5D, is completely sealed, so that the fuel can be burned from each of the molds. Completely prevents fuel gas and oxidant gas from flowing into the other mold through the gap 40 around the membrane electrode assembly main body without passing through the fuel gas channel 21 and the oxidant gas channel 31. be able to. Further, by forming the annular portion 7A along the steps 25 and 35 of the anode separator 2 and the cathode separator 3, a gap is formed between the membrane electrode assembly 1 and the anode separator 2 and the force sword separator 3. Without this, leakage of fuel gas and oxidant gas can be prevented.
- the gap filling portion 7B filling the gap of the electrode layer 5D causes the fuel gas or the oxidant gas to short-circuit through the gap generated by the difference in size between the diffusion layer 5C and the catalyst layer 5B. It is prevented. By filling the gap with the gap filling portion 7B, the fuel gas or the oxidant gas is prevented from moving through the gap.
- a rib 7C is formed so as to extend along the extending direction.
- the rib 7C is crushed by the abutting separator when the cell 10 is assembled.
- the fastening force of the cell 10 is concentrated on the rib 7C, the periphery of each of the manifold holes 12, 13, 14 and the membrane electrode assembly main body 5 can be more reliably sealed. That is, the fluid passing through each of the mold holes 12, 13 and 14 is at a high pressure.
- the gasket 7 is more securely sealed. Leakage can be prevented.
- the position B where the rib 7C is provided is closer to the center than the outer end A of the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A supported by the frame 6.
- the pressing pressure is concentrated at the position where the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A is provided, and from the gap between the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A and the frame body 6. It is possible to prevent the fuel gas or oxidant gas from being short-cut to the opposite side.
- the gap filling portion 7B is a portion that fills the gap between the protruding portion of the diffusion layer 5C and the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A.
- the gap filling layer 7B is formed by the molten resin entering the gap when the gasket 7 is molded by injection molding. Therefore, as described below, it is preferable that the protruding width of the protruding portion of the diffusion layer 5C has a predetermined value as described later.
- FIG. 5B is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the electrode layer of the membrane / electrode assembly body 5.
- the catalyst layer 5B is formed, for example, as follows. Platinum is supported on Ketjen Black EC (furnace black, manufactured by KETJEN BLACK INTERNATIONAL, specific surface area 800m 2 Zg, DPB lubrication amount 360mlZl00g) at a weight ratio of 1: 1. Next, 35 g of water and 59 g of an alcohol dispersion of hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., 9% FSS) 59 g are mixed with 10 g of this catalyst powder, and dispersed using an ultrasonic stirrer to form a catalyst layer. Make ink.
- Ketjen Black EC furnace black, manufactured by KETJEN BLACK INTERNATIONAL, specific surface area 800m 2 Zg, DPB lubrication amount 360mlZl00g
- this catalyst layer ink is spray-coated on both main surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A to a thickness of 20 m, and then heat-treated at 115 ° C. for 20 minutes to form the catalyst layer 5B.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 5 A is covered with a mask having an opening of 120 mm ⁇ 120 mm.
- a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane (DUPONT Nafionll7 (registered trademark)) having an outer diameter of 140 mm square and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is used for the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A.
- the diffusion layer 5C is formed on the catalyst layer 5B.
- the diffusion layer 5C is composed of a porous body having a large number of fine pores.
- 123 mm carbon fiber cloth (Carbel CL400 manufactured by JAPAN GORE-TEX, thickness 400 m) is placed on both main surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A to which the catalyst layer 5B is applied. Then, this carbon fiber cloth is hot-pressed under conditions of pressure 0.5 MPa, 135 ° C. for 5 minutes, so that it diffuses so as to be bonded onto the catalyst layer 5B on both main surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A. A layer is formed.
- the protrusion width A of the diffusion layer 5C is shorter than the thickness width B of the diffusion layer 5C.
- the gap 5F provided below the diffusion layer 5C in the gasket 7 formation process (see FIG. 6 (d)) described later.
- the thermoplastic elastomer constituting the gasket 7 can be easily injected and injected to facilitate the formation of the gap filling layer 7B. That is, when the protrusion width A increases, the depth width of the gap 5F increases, and the thermoplastic elastomer is injected to the depth of the gap 5F. It's hard to get it.
- thermoplastic elastomer makes it easier for the protruding portion of the diffusion layer to stagnate on the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A side, and the injection port of the thermoplastic elastomer in the gap 5F becomes narrow. As a result, the gap filling layer 7B is formed.
- the annular portion 7A of the gasket may be configured to partially cover the surface of the diffusion layer 5C. It is preferable that the covering portion 7D is formed only on the protruding portion of the diffusion layer 5A.
- FIG. 6 is a manufacturing process diagram schematically showing each manufacturing process of the membrane-electrode assembly in the cross-section taken along the line VI-VI in FIGS.
- a molded member 6C that is a part of the frame 6 is molded.
- the molding member 6C that is, the gap between the first mold T1 and the second mold T2
- the thermoplastic resin of the frame 6 is poured by injection or the like, and the molded member 6C is molded.
- the molded member 6C has a flat portion 6C1 in which the peripheral edge portion 5E of the membrane electrode assembly main body portion 5 is disposed at the inner edge of the frame.
- the first mold T1 is configured such that the frame body portion T1C has a shape corresponding to the shape of the molding member 6C, that is, the lower half surface of the frame body 6.
- a flat portion T1B in which the peripheral edge portion 5E of the membrane electrode assembly main body portion 5 can be disposed is configured in the frame portion of the first mold T1. That is, the flat portion T1B has a top surface extending from the inner edge side of the frame body portion T1C substantially in parallel with the frame surface S of the molded member 6C, that is, the frame body 6.
- a recessed portion T1A is formed in the portion of the frame of the first mold T1 so that the membrane electrode assembly body 5 can be accommodated and disposed on a plane.
- the indented part Tl A is an area extending about several millimeters from the outer edge of the diffusion layer 5C in the inner part of the frame of the first mold T1 formed by extending the top surface of the flat part T1B.
- the bottom is a flat surface having a depth of about the thickness of the catalyst layer 5B and the diffusion layer 5C of the membrane electrode assembly body 5 with reference to the top surface of the flat portion T1B.
- the second mold T2 is configured such that the frame body portion T2C molds the molding member 6C, that is, the upper half surface of the frame body 6.
- the flat portion T2B is configured at the inner edge portion of the frame of the second mold T2 so that the peripheral edge portion 5E of the membrane electrode assembly main body portion 5 can be disposed.
- the flat part T2B is in contact with the top surface of the flat part T1B of the first mold T1, and is bonded to the membrane electrode toward the outer edge of the frame. It has a top surface that extends beyond the width of the peripheral edge 5E of the body 1.
- the frame portions T1C and T2C protrude to a position where the gasket 7 is disposed, that is, a position surrounding the mould holes 12, 1 3, 14 and surrounding the inside of the frame 6.
- Portions T1D and T1D are formed.
- the cross sections of the convex portions T1D and T2D have a depth of about 0.5 mm and a width of about 0.5 mm.
- the groove 6A is formed in the molded member 6C, that is, the frame 6.
- the frame body portions T1C and T2C may be configured not to have the convex portions T1D and T2D, and may be processed so that the groove portion 6A is formed by cutting after the frame body 6 is completed.
- the frame body portions T1C and T2C have shapes that form the mould holes 12, 13, and 14. As a result, the mould holes 12, 13 and 14 are formed by the molding cage.
- the frame body portions T1C and T2C are configured not to have the shape of the mould holes 12, 13, and 14, and the frame body 6 is formed with the mould holes 12, 13, and 14 by cutting or punching. You can do it in Karoe.
- the second mold T2 is also removed from the molding member 6C, and the frame of the molding member 6C in which the membrane electrode assembly body 5 is fitted to the first mold T1.
- the peripheral portion 5E of the membrane electrode assembly main body 5 is disposed on the flat surface 6C1.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A covered with the protective film 5D extending around the membrane electrode assembly body portion 5B is located on the flat portion 6C1 of the political department 6C.
- the diffusion layer 5C is arranged so as to be located in the indented portion T1A of the first mold T1.
- the membrane electrode assembly body 4 is arranged in a planar state.
- the frame body 6 to which the membrane / electrode assembly body 5 is bonded is manufactured.
- the third mold T3 is joined to the first mold T1 in which the molding member 6C on which the membrane electrode assembly main body 5 is disposed is fitted.
- the third mold T3 has a recess T3A formed at the position where it interferes with the diffusion layer 5C so that the diffusion layer 5C and the third mold T3 are in contact with each other.
- the recessed portion T3A has the same shape as the recessed portion T1A.
- the third mold T3 and the diffusion layer 5C do not interfere with each other at the time of the third term, so that the membrane electrode assembly body 5 can be prevented from being damaged.
- the thermoplastic resin of the frame 6 is poured into the gap between the first mold T1 and the third mold T3, that is, the position of the membrane electrode assembly main body fixing portion 6D by injection or the like, and the molded member 6C And the frame 6 is formed integrally.
- the third mold T3 is configured such that the portion of the flat portion 6C1 of the molded member 6C has the shape of the upper half surface of the frame body 6. That is, the membrane electrode assembly main body fixing portion 6D is formed in the gap formed between the frame portion T3B of the third mold T3 and the molding member 6C.
- the peripheral edge portion 5E of the membrane electrode assembly main body portion 5 arranged on the flat portion 6C1 of the molded member 6C is heated between the membrane material and the membrane electrode assembly main body fixing portion 6D and the molded member 6C. It is fused with the flat part 6C1. Thereby, the membrane electrode assembly body 5 is joined to the frame 6.
- the gasket is attached to the frame 6 to which the membrane electrode assembly main body 5 is joined.
- the membrane electrode assembly 1 is manufactured.
- the frame body 6 joined with the membrane electrode assembly body 5 is removed from the first mold T1 and the third mold T3, and the fourth mold T4 and the fifth mold. Located between T5, both molds are closed.
- the thermoplastic resin of the gasket 7 or the thermoplastic elastomer is poured into the gap between the fourth mold T4 and the fifth mold T5 and the frame body 6 by injection or the like, and the gasket 7 is formed on both surfaces of the frame body 6.
- the fourth mold T4 and the fifth mold T5 are configured so that the annular portion of the gasket is molded.
- the annular portion 7A of the gasket 7 is provided between the inner edge of the frame body 6 and the electrode layer 5D provided on the membrane electrode assembly main body portion 5, and a thermoplastic elastomer which is a molten resin at the portion.
- a thermoplastic elastomer which is a molten resin at the portion.
- the manufacturing method of the membrane electrode assembly 1 according to the present embodiment is formed except that the membrane electrode assembly 1 is disposed in the second step except that the membrane electrode assembly body 5 is disposed. It is processing. Accordingly, the membrane / electrode assembly 1 is manufactured in the molding machine, and in the second step, the membrane / electrode assembly main body 5 manufactured in advance can be manufactured simply by placing it in the molding machine and arranging it. Therefore, the manufacturing method according to this embodiment has high utilization efficiency of fuel gas and oxidant gas, and is suitable for mass production of the membrane electrode assembly 1.
- FIG. 7A is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a membrane electrode assembly according to a modification.
- the end surface 51 of the diffusion layer 5C is tapered.
- FIG. 7B is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a membrane electrode assembly that is useful for a further modification.
- the position of the electrode layer 5D is shifted on the front and back sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane 5A.
- the position of the inner edge of the frame body 6 on the front and back sides is such that the width of the gap 40 around the membrane electrode assembly main body between the inner edge of the frame body 6 and the electrode layer 5D is uniform on the front and back sides.
- the structure is changed.
- the present invention can block the flow of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas at the periphery of the membrane electrode assembly main body, and thus the fuel gas and the oxidant. Since the gas utilization efficiency can be increased, it is useful as a fuel cell for cogeneration systems and electric vehicles.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020087011096A KR100907781B1 (ko) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-06-14 | 연료전지용 막전극 접합체, 고분자 전해질형 연료전지용셀, 고분자 전해질형 연료전지 및 막전극 접합체의제조방법 |
US12/096,842 US7709123B2 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-06-14 | Film electrode assembly for fuel cell, polymer electrolytic cell for fuel cell and method for manufacturing polymer electrolytic fuel cell and film electrode assembly |
JP2007551498A JP4099519B2 (ja) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-06-14 | 燃料電池用膜電極接合体、高分子電解質型燃料電池用セル、高分子電解質型燃料電池及び膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
DE112007000860T DE112007000860B4 (de) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-06-14 | Film-Elektroden-Anordnung für eine Brennstoffzelle, Polymerelektrolyt-Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Film-Elektroden-Anordnung |
CN2007800013461A CN101356676B (zh) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-06-14 | 燃料电池用膜电极接合体、高分子电解质型燃料电池用单元、高分子电解质型燃料电池及膜电极接合体的制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006-167221 | 2006-06-16 | ||
JP2006167221 | 2006-06-16 |
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WO2007145291A1 true WO2007145291A1 (ja) | 2007-12-21 |
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PCT/JP2007/062034 WO2007145291A1 (ja) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-06-14 | 燃料電池用膜電極接合体、高分子電解質型燃料電池用セル、高分子電解質型燃料電池及び膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7709123B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4099519B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100907781B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101356676B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112007000860B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007145291A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101356676B (zh) | 2010-06-02 |
KR20080100804A (ko) | 2008-11-19 |
DE112007000860B4 (de) | 2010-08-26 |
CN101356676A (zh) | 2009-01-28 |
US20090246586A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
JPWO2007145291A1 (ja) | 2009-11-12 |
US7709123B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
KR100907781B1 (ko) | 2009-07-15 |
JP4099519B2 (ja) | 2008-06-11 |
DE112007000860T5 (de) | 2009-09-03 |
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