WO2007083808A1 - 耐脆性破壊特性に優れた高強度ばね鋼およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
耐脆性破壊特性に優れた高強度ばね鋼およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
- Y10S148/908—Spring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spring steel having a high strength of 1900 MPa or more and particularly improved fracture resistance.
- JP-A-6-306542 discloses a spring steel having improved fatigue strength by controlling the composition of non-metallic inclusions
- JP-A-10-121201 discloses Has proposed a high-strength spring steel with improved slow L-cracking resistance by controlling the amount of P segregation at the prior austenite grain boundaries in steels having a martensitic structure.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 003-306747 discloses a spring steel force whose fatigue resistance is improved by controlling residual ⁇ .
- fatigue strength is controlled by controlling the prior austenite grain size.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-105485 describes a high-strength spring steel in which the steel structure is a layered structure of martensite and ferrite to improve the hydrogen fatigue fracture resistance.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a spring steel having a high strength of 1900 MPa or more and excellent in brittle fracture resistance, and a method for producing the same.
- a martensite structure As the metal structure of high-strength steel, a martensite structure is often applied. However, when strengthened by a martensite structure, the fracture characteristics vary greatly depending on the use conditions. In particular, when hydrogen is involved or when there is a notch, brittle fracture may occur along the prior austenite grain boundary or the fracture characteristics may deteriorate rapidly.
- the present invention suppresses brittle fracture typified by prior austenite grain boundary fracture in order to maintain high fracture resistance regardless of the use conditions while increasing strength by utilizing the martensite structure. In view of the fact that it is important, the present invention has been completed by identifying the composition and structure of spring steel.
- the spring steel of the present invention has a chemical composition of mass%, C: 0.4 to 0.6%, Si: 1.4 to 3.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.0. %, Cr: 0.2 to 2.5%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.025% or less, N: 0.006% or less, A1: 0.1% or less, and 0: 0. Containing 0030% or less, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, solid solution C content is 0.15% or less, Cr content contained as Cr-containing precipitates is 0.10% or less, represented by the following formula.
- the TS value is 24.8% or more (Here, the TS value does not mean the tensile strength. The same applies hereinafter), and the prior austenite grain size was set to 10 m or less. Is.
- [X] indicates mass% of the element X.
- group A Mg: 1 OOppm or less, Ca: 1 OOppm or less, REM: 1.5 ppm or less
- Group B B: 1 OOppm or less, Mo: 1) 0% or less
- Group C Ni: l. 0% or less, Cu: l. 0% or less
- Group D V: 0.3% or less, Ti: 0.1% or less,? ⁇ : 0. 1% or less, Zr: 0.1% or less
- group A Mg: 1 OOppm or less, Ca: 1 OOppm or less, REM: 1.5 ppm or less
- Group B B: 1 OOppm or less, Mo: 1) 0% or less
- Group C Ni: l. 0% or less, Cu: l. 0% or less
- Group D V: 0.3% or less, Ti: 0.1% or less,? ⁇ : 0. 1% or less, Zr: 0.1% or less
- one or more elements can be added.
- the spring steel manufacturing method of the present invention is a method for producing a steel having the above-described chemical composition, after subjecting the steel having the above chemical composition to a plastic cache having a true strain of 0.10 or more, and at 200 ° C or higher Average heating rate of 20KZs or less As above Tl: 850 ⁇ : L After heating to 100 ° C, the average cooling rate is 30KZs or more, quenching treatment is performed to 200 ° C or less, and then the average heating rate at 300 ° C or more is 20KZs or more After heating to a temperature T2 ° C or higher determined by the following formula, a tempering treatment is performed in which the residence time tl at 300 ° C or higher is 240 sec or less and cooled to 300 ° C or lower.
- T2 8 * [Si] + 47 * [Mn] + 21 * [Cr] + 140 * [V] + 169 * [Mo] + 385
- [X] indicates mass% of the element X.
- the spring steel of the present invention since it has a tensile strength of 1900 MPa or more and has a stable fracture resistance regardless of the usage environment, it is used as a material for important safety parts such as suspension springs. It is suitable and can greatly contribute to the reduction of the environmental load by increasing the strength. Further, according to the production method of the present invention, the high-strength spring steel having excellent fracture resistance can be easily produced, and the productivity is excellent.
- FIG. 1 is a heat treatment diagram showing a manufacturing process of the spring steel of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 Explanatory diagram showing the four-point bending test procedure, (A) is an overall view and (B) is an enlarged view of a test piece.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between tensile strength and fracture life in Examples.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between tensile strength and brittle fracture surface ratio in Examples.
- C is an element that affects the strength of the steel material. The higher the amount, the higher the strength. If it is less than 0.4%, the high strength of 1900 MPa or more intended by the present invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when C is increased beyond 0.6%, the amount of retained austenite after quenching and tempering increases, and the characteristics vary. In the case of suspension springs, if C is large, corrosion resistance deteriorates. Therefore, in the present invention, the lower limit of the amount of C is set to 0.4%, and the upper limit is set to 0.6%. [0012] Si: 1. 4 to 3.0%
- Si is an element effective for improving the sag resistance necessary for the spring.
- 1.4% or more of additive is required.
- it is 1.7% or more, more preferably 1.9% or more.
- Si promotes decarburization, so if it is added excessively, it will return due to decarburization of the steel surface and fatigue characteristics will deteriorate.
- the upper limit of the Si content is 3.0%, preferably 2.8%, more preferably 2.5%.
- Mn is a useful element for detoxification by forming S and MnS, which are harmful elements in steel, as well as being used as a deoxidizing element. 0. Less than 1% is too weak. However, segregation bands are easily formed during the solidification process during steel making, and if added excessively, variations in materials occur. For this reason, the lower limit of the amount of Mn is 0.1%, preferably 0.15%, more preferably 0.2%. Further, the upper limit is 1.0%, preferably 0.8%, more preferably 0.4%.
- the Cr is effective in securing strength after tempering. It is also an important element for suspension springs that require corrosion durability in order to improve corrosion resistance. However, if added excessively, hard 0: rich carbide is formed, and the fracture characteristics deteriorate. In order to obtain the effects of corrosion resistance and corrosion durability, the lower limit of the Cr content should be 0.2%, preferably 0.4%, more preferably 0.7%. In consideration of deterioration of the fracture characteristics, the upper limit is set to 2.5%, preferably 2.3%, more preferably 2.0%.
- the P content is limited to 0.025% or less. Preferably it is 0.015% or less, more preferably 0.01% or less.
- the amount of S is limited to 0.025% or less. Preferably it is 0.015% or less, more preferably It should be 0.010% or less.
- N 0.006% or less
- the upper limit is made 0.006%. Preferably it is 0.005% or less, more preferably 0.004% or less.
- A1 is mainly added as a deoxidizing element.
- N and A1N are formed, and N is fixed and detoxified, contributing to refinement of the structure.
- A1 promotes decarburization, a large amount of A1 is not preferable for spring steel containing a large amount of Si.
- Coarse A1 oxides are the starting point for fatigue destruction. For this reason, in the present invention, it is limited to 0.1% or less. Preferably, it is 0.07% or less, more preferably 0.05% or less.
- the lower limit is not limited, it is recommended that [Al] (mass%)> 2 X [N] (mass%) for reasons of N fixation.
- the upper limit is set to 0.0030%. Preferably it is 0.0010% or less, more preferably 0.0015% or less.
- the spring steel of the present invention includes, in addition to the above basic components, the amount of solid solution C in the strength steel consisting of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, the amount of Cr contained as Cr-containing precipitates (compound type Cr amount) and The TS value expressed in the notation is defined as follows.
- Solid solution C amount 0.15% or less
- the martensite of carbon steel is in a state where C is supersaturated as it is quenched, and the amount of solid solution decreases as C is precipitated as a carbide by tempering. Approaches the equilibrium composition.
- solid solution C decreases by tempering
- the strength of martensite decreases.
- the tempering process may be performed at a low temperature for a short time. In this case, however, solid solution C cannot be completely precipitated, and it is easy to remain in the steel in a solid solution state after tempering.
- various alloy elements are added to ensure the strength after tempering, the precipitation and growth of carbide is suppressed, so that solid solution C tends to remain.
- solute C When solute C remains According to the knowledge of the present inventors, when the solid solution C is present in excess of 0.15%, brittle fracture tends to occur remarkably. For this reason, in the present invention, the amount of solute C is controlled to 0.15% or less. Preferably it is 0.12% or less, more preferably 0.07% or less.
- C which has been dissolved in supersaturation, precipitates mainly as cementite by tempering.
- an alloying element is added, the strength after tempering is ensured by precipitating special carbides other than cementite or by dissolving the cementite alloy element.
- Cr dissolves in cementite and increases the hardness of cementite itself.
- hard Cr-based carbides may be formed. This phenomenon is effective for securing the strength.
- fracture characteristics since carbides harden, and cementite and Cr-based carbides are relatively coarse precipitates, stress concentration occurs in those precipitates, and the fracture characteristics are It will return and deteriorate. Therefore, to improve fracture characteristics, it is necessary to suppress the formation of Cr-containing precipitates during tempering.
- the content of Cr-containing precipitates was controlled by regulating the Cr content (the compound-type Cr content) contained in Cr-containing precipitates in steel to 0.10% or less. Has been found to improve the fracture properties. For this reason, the upper limit of the amount of compound type Cr is made 0.10%, preferably 0.08%, more preferably 0.06%.
- the TS value is an index that regulates the strength of steel after tempering, and is based on the amount of additive of each element of C, Si, Mn, Cr, V, and Mo, which greatly affects the strength after tempering. Calculated by the formula. 24. If it is less than 8%, it will be difficult to stably secure the strength of 1900 MPa or more required for high-strength spring steel. Therefore, the lower limit of the TS value is 24.8%, preferably 26.3%, more preferably 27.8%. Note that the magnification (coefficient) of the element amount in the TS formula is calculated based on example data described later.
- the components of the high-strength spring steel of the present invention are as described above.
- the basic group A has group A (Mg, Ca, REM) having an oxide softening action, and is effective in improving hardenability.
- Mg 100ppm or less
- Mg has an effect of softening the oxide, and preferably 0.1 ppm or more is added.
- the upper limit is 10 ppm, preferably 50 ppm, more preferably 40 ppm.
- Ca also has the effect of softening oxides, and also makes S harmless, which easily forms sulfides. In order to effectively obtain this action, it is preferable to add 0.1 ppm or more. However, if added too much, the properties of the oxide change, so the upper limit should be 10 ppm, preferably 50 ppm, more preferably 40 ppm.
- REM rare earth element
- the upper limit should be 1.5 ppm, preferably 0.5 ppm.
- B Since B has the effect of improving hardenability, it is effective for obtaining a martensite structure from fine austenite. Also, fix N as BN to make it harmless. To obtain this effect effectively, Ippm or more is preferably added. On the other hand, excessive addition will form charcoal shelves. Therefore, the upper limit should be 50 ppm, preferably 15 ppm.
- Mo also has an effect of improving hardenability, making it easy to obtain a martensite structure from fine austenite, and is an element effective for securing strength after tempering.
- 0.1% or more is preferably added.
- the content should be 0.15% or more, more preferably 0.2% or more.
- the upper limit is made 1.0%, preferably 0.7%, more preferably 0.5%.
- Ni 1. 0% or less
- Ni is effective for suppressing surface decarburization and improving corrosion resistance. To obtain this effect effectively, it is preferable to add 0.1% or more. In order to obtain a sufficient effect, 0.2% or more, preferably 0.25% or more is added. However, excessive addition increases the amount of retained austenite after quenching and causes variations in characteristics. For this reason, the upper limit is set to 1.0%, and considering the material cost, it is preferably 0.7%, and more preferably 0.5%.
- Cu like Ni
- the content should be 0.15% or more, preferably 0.2% or more.
- the upper limit is set to 1.0%, and considering the material cost, the upper limit is preferably 0.7%, and more preferably 0.5%.
- V forms carbonitrides and contributes to refinement of the structure. It is also effective in securing strength after tempering. To obtain such an action effectively, it is better to add 0.02% or more. In order to obtain a sufficient effect, the content should be 0.03% or more, preferably 0.05% or more. However, excessive addition increases the strength of the rolled material and makes peeling and wire drawing before quenching difficult. For this reason, the upper limit is made 0.3%, preferably 0.25%, more preferably 0.2%.
- Ti forms carbonitrides and contributes to the refinement of the structure.
- N and S are rendered harmless by forming nitrides and sulfides.
- the upper limit is set to 0.1%, preferably 0.08%, and more preferably 0.06%.
- Nb 0.1% or less
- Nb also forms carbonitrides and contributes mainly to refinement of the structure. In order to obtain this effect effectively, 0.002% or more should be added. In order to obtain a sufficient effect, the content should be 0.003% or more, preferably 0.005% or more. However, excessive addition forms coarse carbonitride and degrades the toughness of the steel. Therefore, the upper limit is 0.1%, preferably 0.08%, more preferably 0.06%.
- Zr forms carbonitride and contributes to refinement of the structure. In order to obtain this effect effectively, it is better to add 0.002% or more. In order to obtain a sufficient effect, the content should be 0.003% or more, preferably 0.005% or more. However, excessive addition forms coarse carbonitride and degrades the toughness of the steel. Therefore, the upper limit is 0.1%, preferably 0.08%, and more preferably 0.06%.
- the chemical components of the spring steel of the present invention are as described above. Further, the yarn diameter is 10 m or less. Various characteristics of martensitic steel are better as the prior austenite grain size is finer, and the effect of refinement is particularly large with respect to fracture characteristics. In spring steel with a strength of 1900 MPa or more, which is the subject of this invention, it is necessary to control it to 10 m or less in order to improve the fracture characteristics. Preferably, below, more preferably below 6 m.
- the spring steel of the present invention is composed of a tempered martensite structure in terms of yarn and texture, but may partially contain retained austenite in a volume ratio of 5% or less.
- the spring steel of the present invention having the above components, yarn and weave has excellent fracture characteristics even though the tensile strength is 1900 MPa or more.
- the tensile strength can be preferably 2000 MPa or more, more preferably 2100 MPa or more, and the spring can be further strengthened. be able to.
- Tl 850 ⁇ : L100 ° C
- a quenching process that cools to 200 ° C or less with an average cooling rate (CR1) of 30 KZs or higher after heating to (3), and then an average heating rate (HR2) at 300 ° C or higher of 20 KZs or higher.
- T2 8 * [Si] + 47 * [Mn] + 21 * [Cr] + 140 * [V] + 169 * [Mo] + 385
- [X] indicates mass% of the element X.
- the plastic processing PW having a true strain of 0.1 or more is performed before quenching for the following reason.
- Predetermined processing prior to quenching promotes uniform nucleation of austenite during heating during quenching. If the true strain is less than 0.10, the amount of plastic working is insufficient, and nucleation cannot be made uniform, and a prior austenite grain size of 10 / z m or less cannot be obtained.
- the true strain applied during the plastic working is 0.1 or more, preferably 0.15 or more, more preferably 0.20 or more.
- the average heating rate HR1 is set to 20 KZs or more, preferably 40 KZs or more, more preferably 70 KZs or more.
- the average cooling rate CR1 after heating is set to 30 KZs or higher and to 200 ° C or lower is to obtain a martensite structure. Since the austenite grains before cooling are fine, complete quenching is achieved when the average cooling rate is less than 30 KZs. It is difficult to obtain an organization. Therefore, the average cooling rate CR1 is set to 30 KZs or more, preferably 50 KZs or more, more preferably 70 KZs or more.
- the amount of solid solution C and the amount of compound type Cr are controlled.
- solute C by precipitating solute C as carbides, it is necessary to use tempering conditions that take into account the effects of alloy components.
- the lower limit of the tempering temperature is preferably T2 + 15 ° C, more preferably T2 + 30 ° C, and even more preferably T2 + 45 ° C. Note that the magnification (coefficient) of the element amount in the T2 calculation formula is calculated based on Example data described later.
- the amount of compound type Cr is also controlled by tempering conditions. Solid solution of Cr in cementite and precipitation of Cr carbides occur at relatively high temperatures.
- the average temperature increase rate HR2 at 300 ° C. or higher is set to 20 KZs or higher to suppress an increase in the amount of compound Cr in the temperature increase process up to T2.
- the average rate of temperature rise is preferably 40 KZs or higher, more preferably 7 OKZs or higher. Then, heat it to a temperature of T2 or higher, hold it for an appropriate time (usually within the range of Osec or more and less than 240 seconds), and then cool it down.
- the amount of compound Cr can be controlled to 0.1% or less by controlling the residence time in the temperature range of 300 ° C or higher, which is likely to increase the amount of compound Cr.
- the time tl is preferably 90 sec or less, more preferably 2 Osec or less.
- the grain size of prior austenite was measured in the following manner as a structural investigation. After cutting and collecting the observation sample so that the cross section of the steel material becomes the observation surface, embedding it in greaves, polishing it, etching the observation surface using a corrosive liquid mainly composed of picric acid, The former austenite grain boundary was revealed. Using an optical microscope, observation was performed at a magnification of 200 to 1000 times, and the prior austenite grain size was measured by a comparative method. The particle size was measured in at least 4 fields of view and the average value was obtained.
- the average crystal grain size was calculated from the obtained crystal grain size according to the conversion formula described in the literature (Umemoto: “Crystal grain size number and crystal grain size”, 2 (1997), 29).
- steel materials that were difficult to reveal prior austenite grain boundaries when tempered were subjected to heat treatment at 500 ° C for 2 to 12 hours for easy observation.
- the amount of dissolved C in the steel material after tempering was calculated from the X-ray diffraction peak using the Rietveld method in the following manner.
- the evaluation sample was cut, polished, and subjected to X-ray diffraction so that the cross section of the wire after tempering or the longitudinal cross section of the center of the wire became the evaluation surface.
- For the evaluation of the amount of dissolved C at least two samples were prepared for each steel material, the above measurement was performed, and the average value was obtained.
- the amount of compound-type Cr in the steel after tempering was determined by the electrolytic extraction method in the following manner.
- a columnar sample with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 20 mm was prepared from the tempered steel by wet cutting and cutting of the steel surface.
- the sample was electrolyzed in an electrolytic solution (10% AA-based electrolytic solution) at 100 mA for 5 hours to electrodissolve the metallic Fe metal, and then the compound in the steel was collected from the electrolytic solution as a residue.
- an Advantech Toyo membrane filter having a mesh diameter of 0.1 l ⁇ m was used as a filter for collecting the residue.
- the fracture mode of the fractured material in the cathodic charge one-point bending test was investigated. After the completion of the 4-point bending test of the cathode charge, the fractured material was stored, and the fractured surface was observed at a magnification of 500 to 2000 using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). On the obtained fracture surface photograph, the ratio of the prior austenite grain boundary fracture, which is brittle fracture, was measured and used as the brittle fracture property index as the brittle fracture surface ratio. The lower the prior austenite grain boundary fracture, that is, the lower the brittle fracture surface ratio, the better the brittle fracture resistance.
- the area ratio on the photograph of the former austenite grain boundary fracture portion was measured using image analysis software (Image Pro ver.4) from at least five fracture surface observation photographs.
- the brittle fracture surface rate was evaluated based on 85% because the brittle fracture surface rate was 85% for SUP12, a practical suspension spring steel with a tensile strength of 1750MPa.
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2007800018535A CN101365820B (zh) | 2006-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | 抗脆断性能优异的高强度弹簧钢及其制造方法 |
US12/160,913 US8038934B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | High-strength spring steel excellent in brittle fracture resistance and method for producing same |
EP07707232A EP1985721B1 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | High-strength spring steel excellent in brittle fracture resistance and method for producing same |
BRPI0706549A BRPI0706549B1 (pt) | 2006-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | mola de aço de alta resistência superior em resistência à fratura frágil e método de fabricação da mesma |
AT07707232T ATE486147T1 (de) | 2006-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | Hochfester federstahl mit hervorragender beständigkeit gegen spröde frakturen und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
CA2632407A CA2632407C (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | High strength spring steel superior in brittle fracture resistance and method for manufacturing the same |
DE602007010102T DE602007010102D1 (de) | 2006-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | Hochfester federstahl mit hervorragender beständigkeit gegen spröde frakturen und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
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JP2006013471A JP4027956B2 (ja) | 2006-01-23 | 2006-01-23 | 耐脆性破壊特性に優れた高強度ばね鋼およびその製造方法 |
JP2006-013471 | 2006-01-23 |
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US (1) | US8038934B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1985721B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4027956B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101029431B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101365820B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE486147T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0706549B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2632407C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602007010102D1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4027956B2 (ja) | 2007-12-26 |
CN101365820A (zh) | 2009-02-11 |
CA2632407C (en) | 2012-04-03 |
BRPI0706549B1 (pt) | 2015-09-08 |
US20100224287A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
JP2007191776A (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
EP1985721B1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
KR101029431B1 (ko) | 2011-04-14 |
ES2352856T3 (es) | 2011-02-23 |
BRPI0706549A2 (pt) | 2011-03-29 |
CN101365820B (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
DE602007010102D1 (de) | 2010-12-09 |
ATE486147T1 (de) | 2010-11-15 |
EP1985721A1 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
KR20080080210A (ko) | 2008-09-02 |
CA2632407A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
US8038934B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
EP1985721A4 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
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