WO2007077859A1 - 加速度計速装置 - Google Patents
加速度計速装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007077859A1 WO2007077859A1 PCT/JP2006/326015 JP2006326015W WO2007077859A1 WO 2007077859 A1 WO2007077859 A1 WO 2007077859A1 JP 2006326015 W JP2006326015 W JP 2006326015W WO 2007077859 A1 WO2007077859 A1 WO 2007077859A1
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 298
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 76
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P21/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/18—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration in two or more dimensions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an acceleration measuring device that performs output correction of a multi-axis acceleration sensor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a two-axis or three-axis device that does not require the attitude of the accelerometer speed device to be directed in a specific direction. Accelerometer that can quickly acquire both offset or offset and sensitivity required for output correction of 2-axis or 3-axis acceleration sensor by repeatedly acquiring output data of the axis acceleration sensor Speed device.
- piezoresistive three-axis acceleration sensors for semiconductor devices using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology have been developed as lightweight, small-sized three-axis acceleration sensors that can be incorporated into portable devices (for example, patents). Reference 1).
- sensitivity and offset vary, and in particular, offset variation is often not negligible. Furthermore, in the case of a piezoresistive acceleration sensor, sensitivity and offset have significant temperature characteristics. In addition, the temperature characteristics of offset often vary greatly.
- the conventional acceleration measuring apparatus employs the following solution (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- sensitivity / offset is measured in different temperature atmospheres such as 0 ° C '25 ° C '60 ° C, and the acceleration measuring device has EEPROM, etc. These measurement data are stored with the storage means.
- an output correction circuit is mounted on the acceleration measuring device, and the sensitivity and offset included in the acceleration sensor output voltage are determined based on the current temperature data and the previously stored measurement data. The variation and temperature characteristics are calculated and corrected.
- the conventional acceleration measuring device further employs the following solution.
- the acceleration measurement device 203 is arranged so that the acceleration detection axis direction of the three-axis acceleration sensor 202 is parallel to the direction of the gravitational acceleration g. Measure the output voltage of the 3-axis accelerometer 202 for each of the six attitudes to obtain the next output voltage data.
- Sensitivity and offset data required to correct the output of the 3-axis acceleration sensor are calculated using the following equations.
- the 2-axis or 3-axis output data of the 2-axis or 3-axis acceleration sensor can be obtained repeatedly without recognizing that the orientation of the acceleration measurement device is directed in a specific direction.
- There is an acceleration measuring device that can acquire both an offset or both sensitivity and offset necessary for output correction of an acceleration sensor see Patent Document 4).
- the accelerometer device described in Patent Document 4 estimates both offset or offset and sensitivity using acceleration data at rest.
- the acceleration a can be decomposed into a motion acceleration k and a gravitational acceleration g. Since the gravitational acceleration g is constant,
- the measured output values (X, y, z) are distributed on an ellipsoid when the kinematic acceleration is 0 (constant velocity motion or stationary) and there is a difference in sensitivity between the axes of the acceleration sensor.
- G X + BY + CZ + DU + EV + FW
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-101033
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-6-331647
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-93552
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-056597
- the acquired acceleration data at rest is often acquired at the same posture, and it takes a long time to obtain the acceleration data at rest in a plurality of postures. .
- the acceleration measurement device When the offset changes due to a change in temperature, the data acquired so far must be discarded and the data acquired again over a long period of time.
- the acceleration measurement device must be equipped with a storage means such as EEPROM to store all measurement data acquired so far for each appropriate temperature category, or the estimated offset and sensitivity.
- an object of the present invention is to obtain 2-axis or 3-axis acceleration sensor output data repeatedly without being conscious of directing the attitude of the accelerometer speed device in a specific direction.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an acceleration measuring speed device that can quickly acquire both an offset or both offset and sensitivity necessary for output correction of an axial acceleration sensor.
- the present invention provides acceleration detection means for detecting acceleration in a biaxial or triaxial direction, acceleration data acquisition means for acquiring biaxial or triaxial acceleration data detected by the acceleration detection means, and acceleration data acquisition Importance calculation means for calculating the importance of acceleration data acquired by the means, and 2-axis or 3-axis acquired by the acceleration data acquisition means 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate plane or three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate space distribution with each axis component of each acceleration data in the acceleration data group as a coordinate value, and the importance calculation corresponding to the 2-axis or 3-axis acceleration data group
- a reference point estimating means for estimating a reference point defined on the two-dimensional or three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space and a reference length of each axis from an importance group including importance of different values calculated by the means;
- offset correction means for correcting each acceleration data acquired by the acceleration data acquisition means based on the reference point estimated by the estimation means and the reference length of each axis, the acceleration measurement speed Configure the device.
- the reference point estimation means includes a two-axis or three-axis acceleration data group acquired by the acceleration data acquisition means in a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal space, and the acceleration data group.
- a circle or a sphere is defined on the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space from the importance group calculated by the importance calculation means, and the center coordinate and radius of the circle or sphere are estimated.
- the estimated center coordinates are used as the reference point, the radius is used as the reference length of each axis, and the offset correction unit is configured to determine the two axes based on the reference point estimated by the reference point estimation unit. Or you can correct the offset of acceleration data of 3 axes.
- the reference point estimation means includes a two-axis or three-axis acceleration data group acquired by the acceleration data acquisition means in a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal space, and the acceleration data group.
- An ellipse or ellipsoidal surface is defined on the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space from the importance group calculated by the importance calculating means, and the center coordinates of the ellipse or ellipsoidal surface and each coordinate
- the radius of the main axis is estimated, the estimated center coordinates are set as the reference point, the radius of each main axis is set as the reference length of each axis, and the offset correction unit is configured to estimate the reference point estimation unit.
- the offset and sensitivity of each 2-axis or 3-axis acceleration data may be corrected based on the reference point and the reference length of each axis.
- the reference point estimating means includes a representative value calculating means for calculating a representative value of a predetermined number M of acceleration data groups acquired by the acceleration data acquiring means, and a representative value calculated by the representative value calculating means.
- a first importance calculating means for calculating the first importance;
- a second importance calculation means for calculating a second importance corresponding to the representative value from the importance of 1 and the additional information, and the reference point estimation means is stored by the storage means.
- the distribution of the predetermined number N of the representative values in the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate plane or three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate space when each axis component is the coordinate value, and the second importance calculation corresponding to the representative value Estimate the reference point and the reference length of each axis determined on the 2D Cartesian coordinate plane or the 3D Cartesian coordinate space from the predetermined number N of the second importance calculated by the means.
- the second importance level calculating means includes the importance level calculated from the additional information stored in the storage means corresponding to the representative value, and the first level stored in the storage means corresponding to the representative value.
- the second importance may be calculated from the importance of 1.
- the reference point estimation means includes a distribution in a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space of a predetermined number N of representative value groups accumulated by the accumulation means, and the second value corresponding to the representative values.
- a circle or sphere is defined on the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space from the predetermined number N of second importance groups calculated by the importance calculation means, and the center coordinates of the circle or sphere are defined as A radius is estimated, the estimated center coordinate is the reference point, the radius is a reference length of each axis, and the offset correction unit is based on the reference point estimated by the reference point estimation unit, It is also possible to correct the offset of each acceleration data of the 2 or 3 axes.
- the reference point estimation means includes a distribution in a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space of a predetermined number N of representative value groups accumulated by the accumulation means, and the first corresponding to the representative values.
- the ellipse or ellipsoid surface is defined on the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space from the predetermined number N of the second importance groups calculated by the importance calculation means of 2, and the ellipse or ellipsoid surface
- the center coordinates and the radius of each spindle are estimated, the estimated center coordinates are set as the reference point, the radius of each spindle is set as the reference length of each axis, and the offset correction means is the reference point estimation means.
- the offset and sensitivity of each 2-axis or 3-axis acceleration data are corrected based on the reference point estimated by the above and the reference length of each axis. You can do it.
- the representative value calculating means may calculate an average value of the predetermined number M of acceleration data groups as a representative value.
- the first importance level calculating means may include means for calculating a variation in the predetermined number M of acceleration data groups and means for calculating a higher importance level A as the variation becomes smaller.
- the variation is a sum of variances of the respective axes of the predetermined number M of acceleration data groups or a maximum value of the variances of the respective axes.
- the variation is 2 of the sum of squares of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of each axis of the predetermined number M of acceleration data groups, or the maximum value of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of each axis. It may be a power.
- One of the additional information is a temperature at which the acceleration detection unit detects the acceleration data group used when the representative value calculation unit calculates a representative value, and the second importance level.
- the calculating means is one of the additional information, that is, the temperature at the time when the acceleration detecting means detects data, and the temperature at the time when the importance is being calculated by the second importance calculating means.
- a means for calculating a lower importance B as the difference between and may increase may be provided.
- One of the additional information is a time when the acceleration detection unit detects the data group used when the representative value calculation unit calculates a representative value, and the second importance calculation.
- the means is one of the additional information, and there is a difference between the time when the acceleration detecting means detects data and the time when the importance is being calculated by the second importance calculating means. You may have the means to calculate importance C that is so low that it becomes large.
- the apparatus further comprises selection means for selecting whether or not the representative value calculated by the representative value calculation means is appropriate, wherein the selection means is a first value calculated by the first importance calculation means. When the importance of 1 is higher than a predetermined value, the representative value calculated by the representative value calculating means may be determined to be appropriate and selected.
- the accumulating means predetermines a linear axis that is linearly related to the detection axis of the acceleration detecting means, and when comparing the maximum value, the second important value corresponding to the representative value from the representative value.
- the representative values are compared with the values obtained by adding the second importance corresponding to the representative values, and the selection means newly selects them.
- the representative value that maximizes or minimizes the detection axis or linear axis component of the acceleration detecting means may be selectively accumulated. Good.
- the number of acceleration data groups weighted by the importance of the acceleration data group obtained by the acceleration data acquisition means, the sum of the axis components weighted by the importance of the acceleration data group, and the acceleration data group Holds the sum of squares of each axis component weighted by the importance, coefficient group of simultaneous equations for calculating the reference point and reference length of each axis, and the reference point and reference length Machining data holding means, the latest data obtained by the acceleration data acquisition means, the importance calculated by the importance calculation means corresponding to the data, and the latest various machining data held by the machining data holding means From the above, you can estimate the reference point and the reference length of each axis! /.
- a distribution in a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space when each axis component of an acceleration data group consisting of a plurality of two-axis or three-axis acceleration data forces is used as a coordinate value.
- the representative value of the acquired predetermined number M of acceleration data groups is calculated, the first importance of the representative value is calculated, and whether the representative value is appropriate or not is determined.
- the selected representative value and the first importance and additional information (time, temperature, etc.) corresponding to the representative value are accumulated, and the first importance corresponding to the accumulated representative value and The second importance corresponding to the representative value is calculated from the additional information, and the 2D Cartesian coordinate plane or 3D Cartesian coordinate space when each axis component of the specified number N of accumulated values is used as the coordinate value.
- the reference point to be determined on the two-dimensional or three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate space and the reference length of each axis are estimated from the distribution in FIG. 5 and the predetermined number N of second importance corresponding to the representative value. As the temperature changes Even if the facets change, it is possible to quickly estimate the offset or both offset and sensitivity.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration example of an accelerometer speed device which is a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an accelerometer device having a finite length reference point estimation unit, which is a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of a buffer as a storage unit suitable for storing the maximum value and the minimum value of the detection axis and the linear axis.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of processing for selecting data stored in an accumulation unit.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an accelerometer device having an infinite length reference point estimation unit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an accelerometer speed device having a finite length and an infinite length reference point estimation unit, which is a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A is an explanatory diagram showing a method for measuring a predetermined axial component in a conventional acceleration measuring device.
- FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram showing a method for measuring a predetermined axial component in a conventional acceleration measuring device.
- FIG. 7C is an explanatory diagram showing a method of measuring a predetermined axial component in a conventional acceleration measuring device.
- FIG. 7D is an explanatory view showing a method for measuring a predetermined axial component in a conventional acceleration measuring device.
- FIG. 7E is an explanatory view showing a method for measuring a predetermined axial component in a conventional acceleration measuring device.
- FIG. 7F is an explanatory diagram showing a method for measuring a predetermined axial component in a conventional acceleration measuring device.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an accelerometer speed device according to the present invention.
- the accelerometer speed device includes an acceleration detection unit 1, an acceleration data acquisition unit 2, an importance calculation unit 5, a reference point estimation unit 6, and an offset correction unit 4.
- the acceleration detector 1 detects the acceleration in the biaxial or triaxial directions.
- the acceleration data acquisition unit 2 acquires the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit 1 as acceleration data.
- the reference point estimation unit 3 is a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space when each axis component of each acceleration data of the acceleration data group acquired by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2 is used as a coordinate value. From the distribution in, and the importance group associated with the acceleration data group, a reference point defined on a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space and a reference length of each axis are estimated.
- the importance calculation unit 5 calculates the importance corresponding to the acceleration data acquired by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2.
- the reference point estimation unit 6 is a distribution on a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space when each axis component of the acceleration data group acquired by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2 is used as a coordinate value.
- the reference point defined on the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space and the reference length of each axis are estimated from the importance group calculated by the importance calculation unit 5 attached to each acceleration data. .
- the offset correction unit 4 corrects each acceleration data acquired by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2 based on the reference point estimated by the estimation unit 3 and the reference length of each axis. [0069] Force that can perform such a basic operation Furthermore, the reference point estimation unit 3 can also perform the following operation.
- the reference point estimation unit 6 distributes the acceleration data group acquired by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2 in the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space, and calculates the importance associated with the acceleration data group.
- a circle or sphere is defined on the 2D Cartesian coordinate plane or 3D Cartesian coordinate space from the importance group calculated by the means, the center coordinate and radius of the circle or sphere are estimated, and the estimated center coordinate is used as a reference.
- the point is the radius and the radius is the reference length of each axis.
- the offset correction unit 4 can correct the offset of the biaxial or triaxial acceleration data based on the reference point estimated by the reference point estimation unit 6.
- the reference point estimation unit 6 distributes the acceleration data group acquired by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2 in the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space, and the important data accompanying the acceleration data group.
- the ellipse or ellipsoid surface is defined on the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space from the importance group calculated by the degree calculation unit 5, and the center coordinates of the ellipse or ellipsoid surface and the radius of each principal axis are estimated.
- the estimated center coordinates are set as a reference point, and the radius of each main axis is set as the reference length of each axis.
- the offset correction unit 4 can correct the offset and sensitivity of the biaxial or triaxial acceleration data based on the reference point estimated by the reference point estimation unit 6 and the reference length of each axis.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of an accelerometer speed device according to the present invention.
- the accelerometer speed device includes an acceleration detection unit 1, an acceleration data acquisition unit 2, a finite length reference point estimation unit 10, and an offset correction unit 4.
- an acceleration detection unit 1 an acceleration data acquisition unit 2
- a finite length reference point estimation unit 10 an acceleration data acquisition unit 3
- an offset correction unit 4 an offset correction unit 4.
- the finite length reference point estimation unit 10 includes a representative value calculation unit 11, a first importance calculation unit 12, a data selection unit 13, a storage unit 14, and a second importance calculation unit 15.
- the first reference point estimator 16 comprises.
- the representative value calculation unit 11 calculates a representative value of a predetermined number M of acceleration data groups acquired by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2.
- the first importance calculation unit 12 includes L importance calculation units (A1 to AL) 12a and all importance calculation units (1) 12b, and is calculated by the representative value calculation unit 11. The first importance of the representative value is calculated.
- the data selection unit 13 selects whether or not the representative value calculated by the representative value calculation unit 11 is appropriate.
- the accumulating unit 14 accumulates the representative value selected by the data selecting unit 13, and the first importance and additional information corresponding to the representative value.
- the second importance calculation unit 15 includes an importance calculation unit (B) 15a, an importance calculation unit (C) 15b, and an all importance calculation unit (2) 15c.
- the second importance corresponding to the representative value is calculated from the first importance and the additional information corresponding to the representative value stored in.
- the first reference point estimation unit 16 has a predetermined number N of representative values accumulated by the accumulation unit 14 in a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space when each axis component is a coordinate value. Based on the distribution and a predetermined number N of second importance calculated by the second importance calculation unit 15 corresponding to the representative value, a reference point defined on a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space Estimate the reference length of each axis.
- acceleration is detected by an acceleration sensor, and the detected value is converted into a voltage.
- the acceleration converted into voltage is amplified, filtered, and the like by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2 and further AD-converted and acquired as acceleration data.
- the acceleration data is a value in which the true acceleration is expanded and contracted at different ratios in the direction of each measurement axis, and offset is superimposed, mainly due to the sensitivity difference and offset of each axis of the acceleration sensor.
- the acceleration data includes quantization error and noise.
- the representative value calculation unit 11 calculates representative values of a predetermined number of acceleration data groups detected successively.
- the representative value is used when the offset and sensitivity are estimated by the first reference point estimation unit 16 and should be distributed on the spherical surface or the ellipsoidal surface, and is preferably gravitational acceleration data. ,.
- the representative value is an average value, a median value, acceleration data in a specific order, or the like of a predetermined number of acceleration data groups detected continuously.
- the output data becomes the representative value as it is.
- the importance of the representative value is calculated.
- the importance is calculated in a plurality of different ways by the importance calculation part (A1 to AL) 12a of S and combined in the total importance calculation part (1) 12b, and as a result, the total importance 1 is calculated.
- the importance is a value representing the importance of the representative value used when the first reference point estimation unit 16 estimates the reference point, and a representative value having a higher importance is preferentially used for reference point estimation.
- the acceleration is the sum of the normal motion acceleration and the gravitational acceleration. When calculating the offset and sensitivity of the acceleration sensor, it is necessary that the gravitational acceleration is distributed on the spherical surface or the ellipsoidal surface as described above. Use. Therefore, data with smaller motion acceleration is more suitable for offset and sensitivity estimation, that is, it is more important.
- the variance of each axis of a predetermined number of data (or more than a predetermined number including the data, or a part of the predetermined number of data) including the representative value is calculated, If the sum of variances is large, the representative value is likely to contain large motion acceleration.If the importance is low, the representative value is likely to be calculated from data acquired at rest. So increase the importance. We will show later that importance is a concept based on the inverse of variance. By selecting the reciprocal of the maximum variance of each axis as the importance.
- the maximum value of each axis of the predetermined number of data (there is! /, More than the predetermined number including the data !, or a part of the predetermined number of data) for which the representative value is calculated, It may be the reciprocal of the sum of squares of the difference from the minimum value, or the reciprocal of the square of the maximum value of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of each axis.
- the present invention is incorporated in a system having only a limited calculation capability, it is more advantageous to calculate the importance from the maximum value and the minimum value than to calculate the variance.
- ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ are the variances of each axis, and ⁇ , x, y, y, z, and z are respectively
- Data selection unit 13 is generally composed of a plurality of small data selection units, and only representative values selected by all the small data selection units are selected.
- the data selection unit 13 determines whether the calculated representative value is suitable for reference point estimation, and selects a representative value determined to be appropriate. Usually, since the number of representative values used for reference point estimation is limited, data with poor features is discarded here.
- a selection method for example, a representative value having a total importance level 1 equal to or higher than a predetermined value is selected. A representative value with a total importance of 1 that is too small is discarded because it is more likely to estimate false offsets and sensitivities. Also, the representative value selected immediately before
- the distance between all representative values stored in the storage unit and the representative value newly input to the data selection unit 13 (the norm in the measurement value space! /
- the absolute value is also compared, and data that is equal to or greater than a predetermined value is selected.
- the accumulation unit 14 accumulates the representative value selected by the data selection unit 13, the total importance 1 associated with the representative value, and additional information necessary for calculating the total importance 2.
- time and temperature when the acceleration sensor measures the acceleration data group used for representative value calculation can be used.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a method of selecting and storing measurement data so that the measurement data is distributed over a wide range in a three-dimensional space.
- Patent Document 4 an arbitrary linear axis is set in a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space, and point data is accumulated on the axis close to the maximum or minimum.
- the acceleration data is distributed on an ellipsoid whose major axis or minor axis is one of the measurement axes. It has components that are the maximum and minimum values on the measurement axis of the sensor (i.e., on 3 axes). By using one data, the accuracy of the ellipsoid fitting calculation can be increased.
- the importance is a value based on the dispersion of the representative values as will be described later, and is related to the range in which the representative values can exist. Therefore, when selecting the data stored in the storage unit 14, the maximum value is compared between the minimum values that the representative value can take, and the minimum value is compared between the maximum values that the representative value can take. That is, the worst value in the range where the representative value can exist is compared. By comparing in this way, for example, even if a certain representative value includes a motion acceleration and becomes a large value, if the minimum value that the representative value can take is low and less important than the appropriate value, this The representative value is excluded from the storage unit.
- FIG. 3 shows a storage unit 1 suitable for storing the maximum and minimum values of the detection axis and the linear axis.
- a configuration example of the buffer as 4 is shown.
- the accumulating unit 14 has a nofer with six or more arrays for selectively storing representative values as shown in Fig. 3. That is, SEQ ID NO: 0 contains
- the buffer also stores the total importance 1 corresponding to each representative value, and the temperature and time at which the acceleration data used to calculate the representative value was acquired.
- FIG. 4 shows a processing example for selecting data stored in the storage unit 14.
- step S1 When a new representative value is selected by the data selection unit 13 (step S1), first, the total importance 2 of the new representative value is calculated (step S2). And the total importance of the representative value of each array
- step S3 to step S5 The new representative value is compared with the representative value of each sequence.
- the second importance calculation unit 15 combines the importance calculated by the importance calculation units 15a and 15b from the total importance 1 accumulated in the accumulation unit 14, the temperature and the time. Calculate a total importance of 2.
- the offset and sensitivity of an acceleration sensor have temperature characteristics.
- the data In systems that estimate offset and sensitivity using spherical or ellipsoidal fittings, the data must be collected from the beginning if the temperature fluctuates. In order not to waste the data once acquired, there is a power to prepare a buffer for each temperature in the storage unit 14, and an extra storage area is required. It is not necessary to use such a method if the offset and reference point can be recalculated quickly enough by re-acquisition of data after fluctuation along with temperature fluctuation.
- the offset fluctuation of the acceleration sensor due to temperature fluctuation is generally specified in the specifications of the acceleration sensor, and the worst value (C) of the offset fluctuation per 1 ° C is known. Importance calculation
- the importance ( ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) is calculated from the temperature as follows, for example.
- the degree is estimated to be low.
- the representative values stored in the storage unit that has become less important are as described above (selectively storing the maximum and minimum values, taking into account the total importance 1 of the detection axis and linear axis of the acceleration sensor. In any system) it is easy to exchange for a new representative value.
- the acceleration data is only centrifugal force (gravity acceleration is 0), so the acceleration data is the spherical or ellipsoidal surface that the gravitational acceleration measurement data should draw. Do not climb on.
- the variance calculated by the importance calculation unit is close to 0, so it becomes very high importance, and the acquired data may remain in the storage unit for a long time. is there.
- the representative values stored in the storage unit can be replaced within a finite time.
- the importance ( ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) is calculated from time, for example, as follows:
- the total importance level 2 is calculated by combining the total importance level 1 and the importance level (Equation 16) for calculating the temperature force and the importance level (Equation 17) calculated from the time. [0123] For example,
- the first reference point estimation means calculates the offset and sensitivity of the acceleration sensor using the representative value accumulated in the accumulation unit and the total importance 2 calculated by the importance calculation means 2.
- the offset and sensitivity of the acceleration detection means are calculated by the following equations using the measured values (X, y, z) of N acceleration sensors. .
- ⁇ / ⁇ Represents the variance of ⁇ ; (ie, the square of the distance between the spherical surface to be drawn by the gravitational acceleration data and the actual acceleration data) for each measured value, y.,.
- Equation 23 shows that the greater the variance, the smaller the degree of influence when determining the offset and sensitivity.
- the offset correction unit 4 corrects the data obtained by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2 using the offset and sensitivity estimated by the first reference point estimation unit 16, and calculates the corrected true acceleration. calculate.
- the representative value of the predetermined number M of acquired acceleration data groups is calculated, the first importance level of the representative value is calculated, and whether the representative value is appropriate or not is selected.
- the selected representative value and the first importance and additional information (time, temperature, etc.) corresponding to the representative value are accumulated, and the first importance and additional information corresponding to the accumulated representative value are stored.
- 2nd importance corresponding to the representative value is calculated from the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or the distribution in the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space when each axis component of the predetermined number N of accumulated representative values is used as the coordinate value, From the predetermined number N of second importance corresponding to the representative values, the reference points defined on the two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate plane or the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate space and the reference length of each axis are estimated.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration example of the accelerometer speed device according to the present invention.
- the accelerometer speed device includes an acceleration detection unit 1, an acceleration data acquisition unit 2, an infinite length reference point estimation unit 20, and an offset correction unit 4.
- an acceleration detection unit 1 an acceleration data acquisition unit 2
- an infinite length reference point estimation unit 20 an infinite length reference point estimation unit 20
- an offset correction unit 4 an offset correction unit 4.
- the infinite length reference point estimation unit 20 includes an importance calculation unit 21, a storage unit 22, and a second reference point estimation unit 23.
- the importance calculation unit 21 has L importance calculation units (1 to L) 21a and all importance calculation units 21b. From the acceleration data acquired by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2, the importance calculation unit 21 To obtain the importance associated with the acceleration data group, calculate the importance of each 2-axis or 3-axis acceleration data.
- the storage unit 22 includes the number weighted by the importance of the acceleration data group obtained by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2, the sum of each axis component weighted by the importance of the acceleration data group, and the acceleration data group. Holds the sum of values weighted by the square of each axis component by importance, coefficient group of simultaneous equations for calculating reference point and reference length of each axis, and reference point and reference length
- the second reference point estimation unit 23 holds the latest data obtained by the acceleration data acquisition unit 2, the importance calculated by the importance calculation unit 21 corresponding to the data, and the storage unit 22 The reference point and the reference length of each axis are estimated from the latest various machining data.
- the offset and sensitivity of the acceleration sensor are based on whether the gravitational acceleration data is spherical or elliptical. It is obtained from the distribution on the body surface.
- normally measured acceleration data includes motion acceleration, which is a factor of error in offset and sensitivity estimation.
- motion acceleration is a factor of error in offset and sensitivity estimation.
- PDA mobile phone
- the mobile device's motion acceleration is directed in various directions relative to the terminal. Is expected to be distributed around the spherical or ellipsoidal surface where the gravitational acceleration is distributed.
- Equation 19 if the number of acceleration data used for offset and sensitivity estimation is sufficiently large, (Equation 19), (Equation 20), or a spherical surface that can be applied using the methods of (Equation 22) to (Equation 24), or The ellipsoidal surface is expected to be the same as the distribution around the spherical surface or ellipsoidal surface where gravity acceleration is distributed.
- R 2 can be transformed as follows.
- the measurement data is retained, and therefore, for example, the offset is changed by a temperature change. If the temperature has changed, only the data before the temperature change cannot be deleted.
- z is multiplied by 1 / k 2 to obtain all the processed data as new cache data (in the case of a matrix, each component is multiplied by lZk 2 ).
- the storage unit 22 holds data represented by (Expression 30) or (Expression 34).
- Offset and sensitivity may fluctuate during acceleration measurement due to factors such as temperature changes.
- the importance of past data is lowered at an appropriate time.
- the importance is lowered, for example, every time new data is acquired, the influence of past data can be eliminated with a certain time constant. The same is true whenever a predetermined time elapses.
- the temperature fluctuation is stored as the temperature immediately after the previous temperature fluctuation, and when the temperature changes more than a predetermined value for this temperature, or the maximum temperature value immediately after the previous temperature fluctuation. And the minimum value are stored, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is changed by a predetermined value or more.
- the reduction in importance may be requested by a system that realizes numerical calculations that are not based on physical factors such as temperature. In other words, the value in the form of the sum of the measured values in the processed data of (Equation 30) or (Equation 34) increases as the number of measurement data increases. Since the bit length of both the CPU that processes data and the storage area is finite, it is necessary to periodically reduce the value of the cache data.
- the importance is calculated by a plurality of different methods and is combined in the total importance calculation unit, and as a result, the total importance is calculated.
- the importance of acceleration data can be calculated as follows, for example. The variance of each axis of a predetermined number of consecutively acquired acceleration data groups is calculated, and if the sum of the variances of each axis is large, the importance is decreased. Conversely, if it is small, the importance is increased. The importance is calculated from the maximum variance of each axis.
- the square sum of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of each axis of a predetermined number of data or the square force of the maximum value of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of each axis may be calculated.
- the present invention is incorporated into a system having only a limited calculation capability, it is more advantageous to calculate the importance from the maximum value and the minimum value than to calculate the variance. For example, the importance (1Z ⁇ 2 ) is
- ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ is the variance of each axis, ⁇ , x, y, y, z, z are
- a is a constant for normalization.
- Acceleration data group force that contains a lot of acceleration data at rest in the same posture The estimated offset and sensitivity often contain a lot of errors.
- the offset estimated by the acceleration data group (gravity acceleration + noise determined by the attitude), which is the power of only the acceleration data at rest in the same posture, is almost the same value as that acceleration data group. That is, the offset is estimated on the spherical surface or ellipsoidal surface to be obtained. Therefore, the importance of acceleration data acquired at or near a static state should be set low.
- the importance of the acceleration data can be calculated as follows, for example. The variance of each axis of a predetermined number of continuously acquired acceleration data groups is calculated. If the sum of the variances of each axis is large, the importance is increased. Conversely, if the sum is small, the importance is decreased. The importance is calculated from the maximum variance of each axis.
- the sum of squares of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of each axis of a predetermined number of data or the square force of the maximum value of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of each axis may be calculated.
- the present invention is incorporated in a system having limited calculation capability, it is more advantageous to calculate the importance from the maximum value and the minimum value than to calculate the variance.
- the predetermined number is 2
- the sum of squares of the variance of each axis represents the square of the distance in the measurement space between the two acceleration data. For example, the importance (1Z ⁇ 2 ) is
- ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ are the variances of each axis, ⁇ , x, y, y, z, and z are x y z max min max min max min
- a is a constant for normalization.
- the second reference point estimation unit 23 uses the machining data stored in the storage unit 22, the newly acquired acceleration data, and the total importance thereof, and the offset and sensitivity of the acceleration sensor. Is estimated.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of an accelerometer speed device according to the present invention.
- the accelerometer speed device includes an acceleration detection unit 1, an acceleration data acquisition unit 2, an estimation unit 3, and an offset correction unit 4.
- the estimation unit 3 includes the finite length reference point estimation unit 10 of the second example (see Fig. 2) and the third example.
- the infinite length reference point estimation unit 20 (see FIG. 5) and the third reference point estimation unit 30 are configured.
- the third reference point estimator is calculated by the first reference point estimator of the finite length reference point estimator and the second reference point estimator of the infinite length reference point estimator. 19) matrix A,
- the offset and sensitivity estimated by the infinite length reference point estimator 20 are values estimated under the assumption that acceleration is distributed around a spherical surface or ellipsoidal surface where heavy acceleration is distributed. There is no guarantee that the estimation is always correct. For this reason, the estimation time of the offset and sensitivity estimated by the infinite length reference point estimation unit 20 is very short, but the accuracy is not always guaranteed in some cases.
- the finite length reference point estimation unit 10 selects the estimated offset and The accuracy of sensitivity is very high. On the other hand, it takes time to collect static data, and it takes longer time to estimate offset and sensitivity.
- These two reference point estimation means may be switched at a certain point in time, but by gradually shifting, it is possible to smoothly shift to accurate offset and sensitivity with time.
- both reference point estimation means eventually obtain coefficient matrices A and B of (Equation 19).
- the coefficient matrix obtained by the infinite length reference point estimator 20 is defined as A, B
- the coefficient matrix obtained by the finite length reference point estimation unit 10 is A, B and k is the ratio (nf Nlim Nlim
- the offset and sensitivity can be calculated using Nfus B.
- I A I represents the determinant of A, and is for standardizing each matrix.
- determinant calculations are time consuming and generally have a large dynamic range, so only integer operations are supported (as is the case with small systems), which is not suitable for systems.
- the matrix normalization method is slightly different, the starting point and the ending point are the same except for the subsequent method of offset and sensitivity, and there is not much merit in obtaining the determinant exactly.
- use the maximum value of the diagonal component of A instead of the determinant.
- k is set to 0 at the beginning and approaches 1 as static data gathers.
- k is calculated as follows.
- the acceleration sensor has individual differences in the sensitivity differences between the measurement axes, but if the model number is determined, it will have the same value.
- the finite length reference point estimation unit 10 selectively accumulates the maximum and minimum values of the three measurement axes X, ⁇ , and Z of the acceleration sensor, six measurement data are stored. This means that the larger the volume to be created, the wider the measurement points, and the more the points are distributed in the region.
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- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
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Abstract
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CN2006800504986A CN101356442B (zh) | 2006-01-05 | 2006-12-27 | 加速度测量装置 |
JP2007552951A JP4663738B2 (ja) | 2006-01-05 | 2006-12-27 | 加速度計速装置 |
US12/159,976 US7881900B2 (en) | 2006-01-05 | 2006-12-27 | Acceleration measuring device |
EP06843397A EP1970713B1 (en) | 2006-01-05 | 2006-12-27 | Acceleration measuring device |
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EP (1) | EP1970713B1 (ja) |
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WO2010058594A1 (ja) | 2008-11-20 | 2010-05-27 | 旭化成エレクトロニクス株式会社 | 物理量計測装置および物理量計測方法 |
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JP2013205164A (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-07 | Seiko Epson Corp | 加速度バイアス推定方法及び計測装置 |
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US7881900B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 |
CN101356442B (zh) | 2012-02-01 |
EP1970713A4 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
JPWO2007077859A1 (ja) | 2009-06-11 |
KR101012716B1 (ko) | 2011-02-09 |
US20090133466A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
EP1970713A1 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
JP4663738B2 (ja) | 2011-04-06 |
EP1970713B1 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
CN101356442A (zh) | 2009-01-28 |
KR20080055881A (ko) | 2008-06-19 |
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