Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
  • C12P5/026—Unsaturated compounds, i.e. alkenes, alkynes or allenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
  • C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
  • C07C1/24—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
  • C07C6/02—Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
  • C07C6/04—Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for obtaining propylene containing at least 1Z3 of biomass-derived carbon by a metathesis reaction of ethylene and n-butene, which can also obtain ethanol-derived ethanol such as corn sugarcane.
• propylene another important petrochemical base material that can also provide naphtha cracker power
• another important petrochemical base material that can also provide naphtha cracker power is propylene.
• conversion by some chemical reaction is usually necessary.
• the metathesis reaction in which the same or different olefins react to give olefins having different structures is an extremely useful reaction because ethylene can be converted to propylene by reacting with 2-butene.
• the catalyst used in the metathesis reaction is usually extremely sensitive to water, oxygen-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds, and deterioration proceeds immediately when raw materials containing these impurities are used.
• it is a typical metathesis catalyst for use in fixed bed reactions disclosed in US 4,575,575 (Patent Document 1) and Jounal of Molecular Catalysis 28-117 pages (1985) (Non-Patent Document 1).
• the acid tungsten catalyst is greatly poisoned by the water in the raw material. For this reason, butene must be refined using alumina as an adsorbent.
• Ethylene the other raw material, is usually produced by naphtha crackers. More specifically, nitrogen and sulfur impurities contained in raw naphtha are removed before naphtha crackers. After being removed in step 1, the high-temperature cracked gas that has been introduced into the naphtha cracker and also obtained naphtha cracker power is immediately cooled, washed with alkali, adsorbed and purified, and then separated in the fractionator of each component. Therefore, the ethylene obtained by the naphtha cracker does not necessarily need to be adsorbed and purified when used in the metathesis reaction.
• ethanol obtained from biomass resources contains not only water, but also carbocyclic compounds, which are impurities in the fermentation process, and nitrogen-containing compounds, which are enzyme degradation products and impurities. Since the compound itself or a decomposition product thereof is mixed with ethylene when it is obtained and adversely affects the activity of the metathesis catalyst, it has been desired to develop a purification method.
• Patent Document 1 US Pat. No. 4,575,575
• Non-Patent Document 1 Journal of Molecular Catalysis 28 ⁇ 117 pages (1985) Disclosure of the Invention
• An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing propylene by efficiently carrying out a metathesis reaction by separating and purifying ethylene obtained from ethanol derived from biomass from produced water.
• the initial activity of the metathesis reaction carried out together with n-butene is improved by adsorbing and purifying ethylene, which can provide both biomass resource power and ethanol power.
• the inventors have found an effect of suppressing activity deterioration, that is, extending the life, and have completed the present invention having industrially high value.
• the present invention is as follows.
• Ethanol from which biomass resources can be obtained is converted to ethylene by a dehydration reaction.
• a method for producing propylene containing biomass-derived carbon comprising separating ethylene from produced water and the like, adsorbing and purifying the separated ethylene, and performing a metathesis reaction with a raw material containing n-butene.
• an adsorbent containing at least one selected from alumina, magnesium oxide or a mixture thereof, and zeolite is used. Production method.
• a molded article comprising a resin composition comprising the polymer or copolymer according to [21].
• the butanol is a butanol derived from biomass, and the n-butene after the adsorption purification is introduced into the stage after the metathesis reaction and before the low-boiling point purification. [26] Of continuous production of propylene.
• deterioration of the metathesis reaction catalyst can be suppressed even when biomass-derived ethanol is used as a raw material, and therefore, the frequency of switching the reactor is reduced, and the yield is good.
• High-quality propylene can be produced with superiority.
• the propylene is extremely useful in the balance of carbon dioxide in the environment, and its contribution to the global environment is tremendous even as a derivative or polymer thereof.
• ethanol obtained from biomass resources is brought into contact with a culture solution containing a carbon source obtained from a plant that can be converted to ethanol, with a microorganism that produces ethanol or a product derived from the crushed material thereof.
• a culture solution containing a carbon source obtained from a plant that can be converted to ethanol with a microorganism that produces ethanol or a product derived from the crushed material thereof.
• the carbon source is not particularly limited as long as it is a carbon source obtained from plant power and can be metabolized by microorganisms and converted to ethanol, but generally, starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, Examples include arabinose or herbal degradation products containing a large amount of these components, cellulose hydrolysates, sugarcane, beet juice and the like.
• the culture solution may contain phosphoric acid, inorganic salts such as ammonia salts that reduce nitrogen, natural nitrogen sources such as corn steep liquor, peptone, yeast extract, vitamins, etc., if necessary. good.
• the microorganism that produces ethanol is not particularly limited as long as ethanol is produced.
• Examples of common microorganisms include Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zvmomonas mobilis. This Furthermore, it is more preferable if one or more of the properties of heat resistance, acid resistance, salt resistance, aggregation, and alcohol resistance are imparted using mutation or genetic recombination techniques.
• ethanol can be purified by a conventionally known technique such as distillation, membrane separation, extraction, etc., but benzene, Examples thereof include a method of adding cyclohexane or the like and azeotropically or removing water by membrane separation or the like.
• ethanol can be purchased from, for example, Nippon Alcohol Sales Co., Ltd. as 99 degree first grade fermented ethanol or as fermented ethanol manufactured by Petrobras.
• a catalyst is usually used for obtaining ethylene by dehydration of ethanol obtained by the fermentation method, but this catalyst is not particularly limited, and a known catalyst can be used.
• Advantageous in the process is a fixed bed flow reaction in which the catalyst and the product can be easily separated.
• ⁇ -alumina is desirable, but other known catalysts may be used.
• This reaction is a dehydration reaction and is usually carried out under heating conditions. There is no particular limitation as long as the reaction proceeds at a commercially useful reaction rate, but a temperature of 100 ° C or higher is preferable.
• the reaction pressure Force In order to facilitate the subsequent gas-liquid separation, a pressure higher than normal pressure is preferred.
• a force-liquid suspension bed, fluidized bed, etc. which are suitable for a fixed bed flow reaction in which separation of the catalyst is easy, can be used.
• a dehydration reaction is performed using a solid catalyst, even if water is contained in ethanol, it does not cause a big problem, which is industrially advantageous.
• the range of acceptable water content is 50% by weight or less, preferably 30% or less.
• Ethylene obtained by gas-liquid separation is further distilled, and there are no particular restrictions such as the distillation method 'operation temperature' residence time, except that the operation pressure at this time is normal pressure or higher.
• the obtained ethylene is a carbo-louis compound such as ketones, aldehydes and esters, which are impurities mixed in the ethanol fermentation process, and carbon dioxide, which is a decomposition product thereof, and an enzyme decomposition product / contamination. It contains trace amounts of nitrogen-containing compounds such as amines and amino acids, and ammonia that is a degradation product thereof.
• the metathesis reaction is extremely sensitive to these impurities and leads to catalyst activity deterioration, it is necessary to completely remove these trace amounts of impurities, and preferably the total amount of oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing and sulfur-containing impurities is lOppm. Below, more preferably a level below lp pm is required. At this level, there are many cases where it cannot be detected by current instrumental analysis. In this case, the presence or absence of impurities must be determined by the activity duration of the catalyst.
• An adsorption purification method can be mentioned as the most preferable purification operation.
• the adsorbent used is preferably a high surface area material with a surface area of 10 m 2 / g or more, preferably 50 m 2 / g or more.
• the adsorbent that can be used most preferably is ⁇ -alumina, which has been used to remove neutral polar substances such as water and alcohol.
• adsorbents with acid magnesium supported on a high surface area carrier such as ⁇ -alumina or a mixture of acid magnesium or acid magnesium and other adsorbents are neutral polar substances such as water.
• it is suitable for removing acidic substances such as carbon dioxide and organic acids.
• Zeolite compounds such as molecular sieves 4 and 5 are excellent in adsorption of neutral polar substances such as water, and change the exchange metal of zeolite to protons or divalent metals such as Ca. In particular, since acidity is expressed, it exhibits a great ability to adsorb basic compounds.
• Preferable examples of the zeolite skeleton used in this way include A type, X type, Y type, USY type, ZSM-5 type, etc., but are not particularly limited thereto.
• the shape of the adsorbent may be appropriately selected from a particle size of several centimeters to a micron order fine powder.
• the type of adsorbent is selected according to the amount of impurities in ethylene obtained by dehydration reaction of ethanol derived from biomass, and in some cases, it is preferable to use two or more types of adsorbent in combination. There are cases. Further, adsorbents other than the above (for example, oxygen absorbers such as copper oxide Z aluminum oxide, etc.) may be mixed or connected alone.
• the amount of the adsorbent can be selected according to the amount of the basic substance, it is convenient for designing the adsorption tower.
• the adsorbents may be mixed and packed.
• the adsorbents can be mixed with the adsorbents. The state of adsorption can be estimated.
• the adsorption operation temperature is not particularly limited, but when adsorption and desorption are in equilibrium, a lower temperature is preferable, and thus a temperature of 100 ° C or lower is generally preferable. Also, if the pressure at the time of adsorption is more than the normal pressure that is not particularly limited, it will not work.
• the adsorbate can be desorbed through an inert gas at a high temperature of 200 ° C or higher, or it can be burned and baked through air at a high temperature of 300 ° C or higher. Examples include a method of substituting with an active gas, and these may be selected according to the amount of adsorbate accumulated in the adsorption tower.
• caustic water treatment may be used in combination as a method for purifying impurities in ethylene.
• butene combined with ethylene as a raw material may be n-butene, ie, 1-butene, trans—2-butene, or cis—2-butene, each of which is a single substance or a mixture. Even if it contains a linear olefin such as 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 1-hexene, 2-hexene and 3-hexene, it can be used as a raw material for the metathesis reaction. In addition, propylene is not converted by metathesis reaction, but branched olefins such as isobutene and isopentene are included. This does not interfere with the metathesis reaction. In addition, it can be mixed with saturated hydrocarbons such as n-butane, isobutane and pentane, and inert gases such as nitrogen.
• saturated hydrocarbons such as n-butane, isobutane and pentane, and inert gases such as nitrogen.
• the n-butene used in the metathesis reaction may be obtained by any of the following methods.
• the simplest is the C4 fraction obtained from the so-called naphtha crackers that produce ethylene and propylene by pyrolyzing naphtha and the so-called FCC that pyrolyze heavy oil with a catalyst such as zeolite.
• This C4 fraction usually contains isobutene, ⁇ -butane, isobutane, etc. in addition to 1-butene and 2-butene, but there is no particular problem. Even if it contains 1-pentene, 2-pentene, etc., it can be used as a raw material for the metathesis reaction.
• conjugated diene such as butadiene and cyclopentagen greatly impairs the activity of the metathesis catalyst, it is necessary to remove it by a known method such as adsorption, distillation and extraction, or to convert it to monoolefin by selective hydrogenation beforehand. is there.
• the following power is a method in which ethylene obtained from biomass-derived ethanol is dimerized into ⁇ -butene, which cannot be powered by any of the known methods.
• ethylene obtained from biomass-derived ethanol is dimerized into ⁇ -butene, which cannot be powered by any of the known methods.
• a catalyst with NiSO supported on silica gel and for homogeneous catalysts, NiC
• a 1-butanol and 1,3-butadiene mixture obtained by contacting ethanol derived from biomass described in JP-A-11-217343 with a transition metal-containing hydroxyapatite catalyst is subjected to a dehydration reaction.
• n-butene obtained by selective hydrogenation of gen to monoene can be used.
• n-butene obtained by dehydrating 1-butanol obtained by fermenting biomass resources can also be used.
• 1-Butanol obtained by fermenting a nitrogen resource refers to butanol obtained by contacting a microorganism producing butanol with a culture solution containing a carbon source derived from nitrogen that can be converted to butanol. In general, acetone and ethanol are co-produced.
• the carbon source is not particularly limited as long as it is derived from nanomass and can be metabolized by microorganisms and converted into butanol, but as a general one, starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, arabinose or the like are used.
• the culture solution may contain phosphoric acid, inorganic salts such as ammonia salts that reduce nitrogen, natural nitrogen sources such as corn steep liquor, peptone, and yeast extract, vitamins, etc., if necessary. good.
• Microorganisms that produce butanol are not particularly limited as long as they produce butanol, but common ones are Enterobacter aerogenes, Clostridium butylicum, Clostridium bayicum. List of powers such as Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium saccharoper-butylacetonicum, and any of heat resistance, acid resistance, salt resistance, cohesiveness, and alcohol 'acetone resistance' It is more preferable if the above properties are imparted by mutation or gene recombination technology.
• a conventionally known technique such as distillation, membrane separation or extraction.
• n-butene Prior to use in the metathesis reaction, n-butene needs to remove water and polar substances, and can be performed by a known method such as distillation, adsorption, extraction and washing.
• n-butene containing plant-derived carbon contains trace amounts of impurities that adversely affect the metathesis reaction, as in the case of ethylene, which can also produce ethanol derived from biomass. Therefore, it is preferable to apply the purification method using ethylene.
• the molar ratio in the reactor may be any value, but it is usually preferable to use ethylene in excess.
• Ethylene for n-butene The amount ratio is preferably 0.1 to 50, more preferably about 0.5 to 5. If the amount ratio of ethylene is small and the butenes react favorably, and if the amount ratio is too high, the energy for recovering unreacted ethylene increases and the reactor itself becomes large.
• olefin having a large quantity ratio may be added at the same time, or a feed port may be provided at the reactor inlet and in the middle stage of the reactor, etc., and supplied separately.
• the metathesis catalyst used in the present invention contains at least one known metal element such as tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, -ob, tantalum, vanadium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, nickel, and the like. Among them, tungsten, molybdenum and rhenium are high, and tungsten is particularly preferable among them.
• the structure may be a single element in the solid state composed of each metal acid, sulfide, hydroxide, or the like, or these metal oxides, sulfides, hydroxides. May be supported on an inorganic compound having a high surface area called a carrier. When used in a fixed bed flow reaction, it is preferable to use the form of acid oxides because it is baked with air after regeneration and regenerated.
• any one having no acidity can be used. More specifically, silica, ⁇ -alumina, titer, etc. are preferred as a support having a surface area of 10 m 2 / g or more, and silica is selected as a suitable support because of its high surface area.
• the amount of metal supported on the carrier is preferably in the range of 0.01% to 50% in terms of oxide, and more preferably in the range of 0.1% to 20%.
• the method of supporting an oxide on a carrier is a known method! /,
• metal nitrates or hydroxides tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, which may be shifted, the polyacid
• the carrier is impregnated in these aqueous solutions or evaporated to dryness and calcined at a temperature of 300 ° C or higher in an air atmosphere. be able to.
• a hydroxide obtained by basifying a corresponding metal salt by a known method may be calcined to obtain a carrier as an oxide.
• a coprecipitation method in which the metal salt serving as a catalyst coexists and the carrier synthesis and the metal loading are simultaneously carried out can be employed.
• the shape of the support is not particularly limited and may be any of spherical, cylindrical, extruded, and crushed particles.
• the particle size also ranges from 0.01 mm to 100 mm, depending on the size of the reactor. You should select the same.
• a metal element compound such as tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and nickel soluble in an organic solvent
• a ligand is used in order to make a metal element compound such as tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and nickel soluble in an organic solvent.
• a complex catalyst in which molecules are bonded may be used. These may be supported on a carrier in order to facilitate recovery.
• promoters include la group (alkali metal), Ila group (alkaline earth metal), lib group, and Ilia group metal.
• specific metal element types include lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, yttrium, and the like.
• These compounds may be in the form of a simple substance having a composition such as oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, acetate, etc., or those metal compounds further contain other metal compounds, that is, It is also possible to use a complex acid such as a solid solution of aluminum and magnesium, each of which is a layered composite of aluminum and magnesium. Alternatively, an oxide, composite oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, acetate, or the like of these metals may be supported on an inorganic compound having a high surface area called a support.
• the acid nature of the carrier causes undesirable side reactions such as oligomerization of olefin, after supporting la group (alkali metal), Ila group (alkaline earth metal), lib group, and Ilia group metal elements
• la group alkali metal
• Ila group alkaline earth metal
• lib group alkaline earth metal
• Ilia group metal elements any one can be used. More specifically, a carrier with a surface area of 10 m 2 / g or more is preferred y Alumina, Zircoyu, Titanium, etc. are preferred, and examples include, and because the surface area is high, magnesium oxide itself is also a carrier. Can be used as In particular, ⁇ -alumina is a preferred carrier because of its chemical stability. In this case, the amount of metal supported on the support is preferably in the range of 0.01% to 50% in terms of oxide, and more preferably in the range of 0.1% to 20%.
• a commercially available carrier can be used as it is.
• a hydroxide obtained by basifying a corresponding metal salt by a known method may be calcined to obtain a carrier as an oxide. .
• the method of supporting an oxide on a carrier is a known method! /, A metal nitrate or hydroxide aqueous solution, or a water suspension of an oxide that can be shifted. It can be obtained by impregnating or evaporating to dryness and baking at a temperature of 300 ° C or higher in an air atmosphere.
• a coprecipitation method in which the metal salt as a catalyst is allowed to coexist and the carrier synthesis and the metal loading are simultaneously carried out can be employed.
• the shape of the support is not particularly limited and may be either spherical, cylindrical, extruded, or crushed.
• the particle size is also in the range of 0.01 mm to 100 mm, depending on the reactor size. You should select the same.
• the amount of the promoter relative to the catalyst may be any amount between 0.1 and 20, but if it is too small, the effect of hydrogenation cannot be exhibited, and if it is too large, the proportion of the catalyst decreases. Since the activity with respect to the total amount of the catalyst and the co-catalyst decreases, it is not preferable.
• the catalyst and the cocatalyst may be physically mixed and filled as described in Jounal of Molecular Catalysis 28 ⁇ page 117 (1985). However, the cocatalyst and the catalyst may be charged in this order from the direction closer to the raw material supply direction. Furthermore, the method which combined these etc. can be mentioned.
• this metathesis reaction can be further enhanced by carrying out it in the presence of hydrogen gas.
• Hydrogen is a gas that can be continuously supplied in a gas state. This method is not particularly limited to this method. After the hydrogen gas is added at the start of the reaction, the supply is stopped during the reaction, and the supply is continued after a certain period of time. However, in the case of a liquid phase reaction, it does not matter if hydrogen gas is dissolved in the solvent and supplied. In the recycling process, hydrogen gas recovered at the top of the tower may be supplied together with the light boiling fraction.
• the pressure of hydrogen to be added is generally the same as the pressure in the reactor, but it may be changed as appropriate according to the hydrogen supply method! ,.
• the amount of hydrogen gas to be added is a force that is a ratio of 0.1 to 80 vol%, preferably O.2 to 50 vol% of the total gas when the raw material supplied to the reactor is converted to gas. If the amount of addition is too much, the partial pressure of the raw olefin is reduced, and the hydrogenation reaction of olefin is accompanied.
• the reaction temperature of the metathesis reaction is not particularly limited in the present invention, but is preferably in the range of 100 to 500 ° C, more preferably 130 to 350 ° C. If the reaction temperature is too low, the reaction rate decreases and the productivity of the reaction product decreases. On the other hand, if the reaction temperature is too high, undesirable side reactions proceed, which is not economical because of the increase of by-products and catalyst deterioration.
• the metathesis reaction can be carried out under reduced pressure, increased pressure, and normal pressure! From the viewpoint of reaction efficiency (reaction efficiency per unit volume), it is not preferable to carry out the reaction at an excessively low pressure.
• the preferred operating pressure range is from 0.1 to 200 atm, and more preferably from 0.5 to LOO atm. Of course, the present invention is not limited to these pressure ranges.
• the amount of catalyst to be used is not particularly limited.
• the supply amount (weight) of raw material per hour does not include the promoter.
• the value divided by the weight of only the catalyst containing tungsten, etc., that is, WHSV is preferably in the range of 1 to 2000 Zh, more preferably in the range of 2 to: LOOOZh. If the WHSV is too low, the target olefin produced will cause a sequential metathesis reaction, giving undesirable by-products, and if the WHSV is too high, a sufficient reaction conversion rate cannot be obtained.
• the method can be carried out by any of batch, semi-batch, and continuous flow methods. It can be carried out in any form of a liquid phase, a gas phase, and a gas-liquid mixed phase. Preferably reaction effect From an efficient point of view, it is recommended to carry out by gas phase reaction.
• Various methods such as a fixed bed, fluidized bed, suspension bed, and shelf fixed bed are adopted as the catalyst filling method, and any method can be used.
• the target propylene can be separated and recovered by a known separation method using the above-mentioned catalyst isotropic force.
• the produced reaction mixture containing propylene is separated by known methods such as distillation, extraction and adsorption. Unreacted ethylene and n-butene are recovered and recycled to the reaction system for use as raw materials. You can also
• the inert gas such as nitrogen and helium may be circulated through the reactor filled with the catalyst and the cocatalyst and kept at a temperature of 300 ° C or higher for 10 minutes or longer.
• a reduction treatment is performed in which a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide or hydrogen is circulated at a temperature of 300 ° C or higher for 10 minutes or longer.
• the inert gas may be circulated again to a temperature of 300 ° C or higher for 10 minutes or longer and set to a predetermined reaction temperature. Since this reaction is characterized by the coexistence of hydrogen, if hydrogen is used in the reduction treatment, it may remain. When the catalyst activity decreases at a certain elapsed time, regeneration can be performed to restore the catalyst activity. In general, olefins adsorbed with nitrogen gas are purged and then oxidized with air or nitrogen-diluted air at a temperature of 300 ° C or higher. If the metal is tungsten or molybdenum, then hydrogen or carbon monoxide is added. It can be used again after reducing with a reducing gas.
• two or three reactors are arranged in parallel and one reactor or two reactors remain while one reactor is regenerating. You may use a merry-go-round method to perform the metathesis reaction. If there are more reactors, it is also possible to connect the other two reactors in series to reduce production fluctuations.
• the reactor force is continuously or intermittently extracted by removing a part or all of the catalyst and replenishing the corresponding amount. It is possible to maintain activity.
• the suspension bed system if the suspension bed system is used, the catalyst can be separated and recovered as well, if necessary. Can be regenerated and used.
• biomass-derived butanol contains acetone and ethanol as main impurities. These impurities become propylene and ethylene after dehydration and adsorption purification, respectively. Since these olefins are raw materials and products in the metathesis reaction, off-gas after dehydration 'purification can be introduced into the stage after the metathesis reaction and before purification of the raw material' propylene mixture.
• the propylene obtained by the method of the present invention has an extremely small amount of biomass-derived impurities, and can be used as a polymer raw material requiring high purity in the same manner as propylene derived from petroleum resources.
• the propylene polymer and copolymer having propylene power obtained by the method of the present invention are polymers containing plant-derived carbon, and the environment in material circulation is higher than that of naphtha-derived propylene polymer. Despite the extremely low load, it has the same physical properties as conventional naphtha-derived polymers and is very useful.
• Examples of the propylene polymer or copolymer include homopolypropylene, random polypropylene, isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, propylene ⁇ -olefin copolymer, propylene-based elastomer, propylene-based rubber, and the like. These may be further modified.
• polyols and polyurethanes that use propylene oxide produced by the method of the present invention as a starting material are also conventional, although the environmental load in the material circulation is extremely low. It has the same physical properties as the raw material polymer derived from naphtha and is very useful.
• propylene polymers and copolymers, and polyurethanes and polyols may be used alone or mixed with other thermoplastic polymers such as polyolefin, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyacrylic acid copolymer and the like. Can be used. In particular, combined use with an ethylene polymer or copolymer having ethylene power from a raw alcohol as a raw material is also useful in terms of environmental burden. Further, the above polymers and copolymers Conventionally known additives such as plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, antioxidants, lubricants, stabilizers, inorganic fillers and the like may be added.
• a composition containing a propylene polymer or copolymer having propylene strength obtained by the method of the present invention is similar to a composition containing a propylene polymer or copolymer having propylene strength derived from a conventional naphtha. It can be processed into various molded products such as injection molded products, extrusion molded products, professional molded products, compression molded products, etc., and the physical properties of these molded products are the same as those of conventional products. In addition, these molded products can be recycled as with conventional products.
• the propylene obtained by the method of the present invention, or the polymer such as polypropylene produced using propylene as a raw material uses the biomass raw material.
• AMS Accelerated Mass Spectrometry
• the sample is burned, and the obtained CO is absorbed by a CO absorbent or converted to benzene.
• it can be determined by measuring the amount of carbon having a mass number of 14 with a liquid scintillation counter and comparing it with that derived from petroleum.
• Atmospheric pressure nitrogen gas lOOml / min is circulated from the upper part of the reactor, and the gas from the lower part is flowed from the lower part of the butene purification tower to the upper part, and further from the lower part of the ethylene purification tower to the upper part. Both the tower and the ethylene purification tower were heated to 500 ° C and held for 1 hour. Next, atmospheric pressure hydrogen gas lOOmlZmin was passed at the same temperature for 120 minutes. While flowing normal-pressure nitrogen gas 50 mlZmin and normal-pressure hydrogen gas 50 mlZmin, the temperature of the reactor was lowered to 200 ° C., and the butene purification tower and the ethylene purification tower were lowered to 50 ° C.
• Quantification of N Total N contained in the sample was quantified with a trace total nitrogen analyzer.
• the sample was decomposed at 900 ° C in an ArZ02 atmosphere, and the generated gas was absorbed into the absorbing solution to prepare a test solution.
• the S04 ion component in the test solution was quantified with an ion chromatograph and converted to S content.
• Biomass-derived ethanol (Petrobras 92% product) N min 1.5ppm, S min 4ppm Biomass ethanol (Petrobras 99% product) N min 2.3ppm, S min 4ppm Reagent ethanol N min ⁇ lppm, S min ⁇ 2ppm Biomass-derived ethanol (Petrobras 92% product) and biomass-derived ethanol (Petrobras 99% product) were subjected to dehydration reaction and adsorption purification according to Example 1, and the samples after each step were analyzed. The N and S components in the later ethylene gas were below the detection limit.
• the off-gas composition after the metathesis reaction of Example 1 was as follows.
• Example 1 As in Example 1, except that the biomass-derived ethanol purchased from Nippon Alcohol Sales Co., Ltd. was used in Example 1 except that the ethanol-derived ethanol (99 degrees first grade) was used. Dehydration reaction, ethylene adsorption purification and metathesis reaction were performed. Ten hours later, the weight of ethylene repaired in the liquid gas container was 109 g, the ethylene conversion rate was 95%, and the ethylene yield was 90%. In the metathesis reaction, the butene conversion rate obtained by analyzing the outlet gas one hour after the start of the reaction was 71%. The catalyst activity duration was the same as in Example 1.
• Example 2 the reactor, butene purification tower, and ethylene purification tower were pretreated and reduced in the same manner, and then the reactor was heated to 250 ° C with nitrogen lOOmlZmin, and the butene purification tower and the ethylene purification tower. The tower was cooled to 50 ° C., and ethylene and trans-2-butene were fed at the same rate as in Example 1 without flowing hydrogen through the reactor. The butene conversion rate obtained by analyzing the outlet gas 1 hour after the start of the reaction was 71%. Further, the catalyst activity duration was equivalent to that in Example 1.
• Example 4 the reactor, butene purification tower, and ethylene purification tower were pretreated and reduced in the same manner, and then the reactor was heated to 250 ° C with nitrogen lOOmlZmin, and the butene purification tower and the ethylene purification tower. The tower was cooled to 50 ° C., and ethylene and trans-2-butene were fed at the same rate as in Example 1 without flowing hydrogen through the reactor. The butene conversion rate
• Example 2 In the section of producing biomass-derived propylene in Example 2, 25 g of the adsorbent of the ethylene purification tower was used. A metathesis reaction was performed in the same manner except that ⁇ alumina was used. The butene conversion rate obtained by analyzing the outlet gas 1 hour after the start of the reaction was 71%. The catalyst activity duration was equivalent to that in Example 1.
• a metathesis reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the adsorbent of the ethylene purification tower was 25 g of hydrated talcite.
• the butene conversion rate obtained by analyzing the outlet gas 1 hour after the start of the reaction was 70%.
• the catalyst activity duration was equivalent to that in Example 1.
• a metathesis reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the adsorbent for the ethylene purification tower was 12 g of H-ZSM-5 zeolite and 12 g of MS4A molecular sieve.
• the butene conversion rate obtained by analyzing the outlet gas 1 hour after the start of the reaction was 70%.
• the catalyst activity duration was equivalent to that in Example 1.
• y-Alumina (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. NKHD-32, surface area 250m 2 / g) 15g suspended in a solution of 0.08g sodium hydroxide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) dissolved in 500ml distilled water After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, water was distilled off with an evaporator. The resulting white solid was calcined at 550 ° C. for 6 h in an air atmosphere. The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2.4 g of the obtained solid was used in place of hide-mouthed talcite and the reaction temperature was 175 ° C. The butene conversion rate obtained by analyzing the outlet gas 10 hours after the start of the reaction was 69%.
• the propylene selectivity was 94%. Other small amounts of pentene and hexene were generated! Propane was produced at the same time as propylene, and the ratio of propane to propylene was 0.0066. Furthermore, the force butene rolling rate that continued to react for 12 hours was not reduced.
• the cells were removed by centrifugation to obtain 6.5 L of a culture supernatant.
• the obtained culture supernatant was separated by distillation using a distillation apparatus and divided into acetone, ethanol, water, and butanol fractions, and each fraction was further distilled to obtain 63 g of crude butanol and 3 lg of crude acetone. 6 g of ethanol was obtained.
• Clostridium 'Baigeelinky (ATCC 10132) is available as ATCC 10132 from the American' Taibu Culture 'collection.
• the un-reacted butanol was collected, and the produced n-butene was collected in a liquid gas container cooled to the dry ice temperature after passing through a back pressure valve in a gaseous state. After 20 hours, the weight of n-butene collected in the liquid gas container was 42 g, and the yield was 88%.
• Example 2 is the same as Example 2 except that one of the same adsorption towers used for purification of biomass-derived ethylene in Example 1 was prepared and the biomass-derived n-butene obtained above was purified using this. A metathesis reaction was carried out in the same manner as above. The butene conversion rate obtained by analyzing the outlet gas one hour after the start of the reaction was 71%. In addition, the catalyst activity duration was the same as in Example 1.
• Example 1 The biomass-derived ethanol used in Example 1 was subjected to a dimerization reaction under the conditions described in J. Mol. Catal., 251 (2003) 337 to obtain biomass-derived n -butanol. The conversion was 48% and the yield was 19%. A dehydration reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the obtained biomass-derived n-butanol was used. The weight of n-butene collected in the liquid gas container was 40 g, and the yield was 84%.
• Example 2 is the same as Example 2 except that one of the same adsorption towers used for purification of biomass-derived ethylene in Example 1 was prepared and the biomass-derived n-butene obtained above was purified using this. A metathesis reaction was carried out in the same manner as above. The butene conversion rate obtained by analyzing the outlet gas one hour after the start of the reaction was 71%. In addition, the catalyst activity duration was the same as in Example 1. [Comparative Example 1]
• Example 1 instead of the ethylene obtained from ethanol derived from biomass, the example is the same as the example except that the high-purity liquid sold on the market and the ethylene cylinder power were directly introduced into the reactor without passing through the ethylene purification tower.
• the metathesis reaction was performed in the same manner as in 1.
• the compositional power at the outlet 10 hours after the start of the reaction the calculated butene conversion rate was 71%.
• the propylene selectivity based on butene was 90%, and small amounts of pentene and hexene were also produced.
• Propane was produced at the same time as propylene, and the ratio of propane to propylene was 0.01. Furthermore, after this, the reaction continued for 12 hours. No decrease in the butene conversion was observed.
• Example 2 In the section of biomass propylene production in Example 2, the reaction was carried out by introducing ethylene derived ethylene directly into the metathesis reactor without any adsorption purification. The butene conversion obtained by analyzing the outlet gas 1 hour after the start of the reaction was only 8%.
• Biomass-derived ethanol (99 degrees 1st grade) purchased from Nippon Alcohol Sales Co., Ltd. is refluxed for 1 hour in a reflux device filled with molecular sieves, cooled to room temperature, and then purified ethanol that has been subjected to silica gel filtration and activated carbon filtration. The same operation as in Comparative Example 2 was carried out except that it was used. The butene conversion rate obtained by analyzing the outlet gas 1 hour after the start of the reaction was only 10%.
• the products obtained by carrying out Examples 1 to 9 are collected as a liquefied gas of propylene and butenes by collecting them with a trap cooled by dry ice after leaving the back pressure valve. it can.
• a total of 420 g of liquid gas obtained by collecting was distilled under pressure to obtain propylene to obtain 200 g of propylene gas derived from nitrogen.
• Propylene purification tower packed with 20 g of ⁇ -alumina into SUS reactor (12 mm X 400 mm) was baked at 550 ° C for 5 hours under nitrogen flow, cooled to room temperature, and then used for the following polymerization operations through biomass-derived propylene .
• Troublesome titanium touch ⁇ Preparation of component (A) Anhydrous magnesium chloride 95.2 g, decane 442 ml and 2-ethylhexyl alcohol 390.6 g were heated at 130 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a homogeneous solution. To this solution, 21.3 g of phthalic anhydride was added, and further stirred and mixed at 130 ° C for 1 hour to dissolve.
• TiCl titanium tetrachloride
• the temperature of the resulting mixture was raised to 110 ° C over 4 hours, and when it reached 110 ° C, 2.1 g of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) was added, and stirring was maintained at the same temperature for 2 hours. did .
• DIBP diisobutyl phthalate
• the resulting suspension was again heated at 110 ° C. for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction, the solid part was again collected by hot filtration, and thoroughly washed with 110 ° C decane and hexane until no free titanium compound was detected in the washing solution.
• the solid titanium catalyst component obtained as described above was stored as a hexane slurry. A part of the hexane slurry was collected from the solid titanium catalyst component and dried, and the composition of the catalyst component was analyzed.
• the solid titanium catalyst component (A) contained 2.2% by weight of titanium, 19.0% by weight of magnesium, 59.0% by weight of chlorine, and 19.8% by weight of DIBP.
• the slurry containing the produced solid was filtered and separated into a white powder and a liquid phase part, and then the white powder was dried under reduced pressure for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene containing 1/3 of 112 g of biomass resources.
• the production method of the present invention enables the industrial production of propylene containing 1/3 or more of biomass-derived carbon.
• the propylene is extremely useful in terms of carbon dioxide balance in the environment, and its contribution to the global environment is also great as a derivative or polymer thereof.

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