WO2006078017A1 - 固体炭素分解型セラミックス化学反応装置 - Google Patents
固体炭素分解型セラミックス化学反応装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006078017A1 WO2006078017A1 PCT/JP2006/300968 JP2006300968W WO2006078017A1 WO 2006078017 A1 WO2006078017 A1 WO 2006078017A1 JP 2006300968 W JP2006300968 W JP 2006300968W WO 2006078017 A1 WO2006078017 A1 WO 2006078017A1
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/88—Metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reaction apparatus, and more specifically, by causing electricity to flow through an electrode formed on an ion conductive ceramic material, ), Etc. directly and continuously, and at the same time, oxygen is extracted from nitrogen oxides etc. in the gas,
- the present invention relates to a composite monoxide / reduction ceramic chemical reactor having a chemical reaction function for electrochemically oxidizing gaseous hydrocarbon compounds and the like, its electrode materials, systems, and applications. Since the present invention is capable of electrochemically decomposing solid carbon particulate materials, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, for example, purification of high-temperature exhaust gas such as automobile exhaust gas, decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOC), etc. It can be suitably used.
- Harmful organic substances are released in the living environment due to human generation, and their removal is an important issue from the viewpoint of improving safety.
- sick house disease due to the release of organic solvents contained in building materials has become a problem.
- energy production such as power generation by fossil fuel combustion and exhaust gas from automobiles, especially nitrogen oxides and carbon-based particles (PM: solid carbon and C or more attached to it) in diesel exhaust gas from heavy oil combustion. Removal of hydrocarbons), hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, etc.
- electrochemical reactors include chemical reactors (Patent Literature 1), nitrogen oxide removal systems (Patent Literature 2), nitrogen oxide removal catalysts (Patent Literature 3), and electrode materials for chemical reactors (Patent Literature) 4), chemical reactor for nitrogen oxide purification (patent document 5), electrochemical cell type chemical reaction system (patent document 6), electrochemical type chemical reaction system and activation method thereof (patent document 7), catalytic reactor (Patent Documents 8 and 9, and Non-Patent Document 1) are proposed. Further, for example, an exhaust gas treatment device (Patent Documents 10 and 11), a diesel automobile flue gas removal device (Patent Document 12), and the like have been proposed as related to solid carbon decomposition.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-033648
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-041965
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-000913
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-265950
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-041975
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-058028
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-058029
- Patent Document 8 US Patent No. 4902487
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Publication No. 7_106290
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-135928
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-126654
- Patent Document 12 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-162681
- Non-Patent Document 1 Edited by the Surface Science Society of Japan, Environmental Catalyst, Kyoritsu Publishing Co., Ltd., 167 pages (1997)
- the present inventors have made ceramic chemistry capable of directly and continuously decomposing carbon-based particles (PM) such as dust.
- PM carbon-based particles
- dissimilar elements rare earth metals, alkaline earth metals, etc.
- metal oxides such as zirconium oxide and show conductivity by oxygen ion conductivity. It has been found that the intended purpose can be achieved by passing an electric current through a single crystal or polycrystalline material, and further studies have been made to complete the present invention.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solid carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reaction apparatus.
- the present invention also provides a ceramic reactor for directly and continuously decomposing carbon-based particulate matter (PM) by flowing electricity through an electrode formed on an ion conductive ceramic material. It is for the purpose.
- the present invention extracts oxygen from nitrogen oxides in a gas, reduces and decomposes them, and simultaneously bombards oxygen ions through an oxygen ion conductive ceramic to oxidize gaseous hydrocarbon compounds and the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite monoxide / reduction ceramic reactor, an electrode material thereof, and a system thereof.
- the present invention for solving the above-described problems comprises the following technical means.
- a chemical reaction characterized by having a chemical reaction mechanism comprising an ion-conducting ceramic material and a catalyst electrode formed on the ceramic material and capable of directly oxidizing and removing solid carbon (PM). apparatus.
- a chemical reactor comprising a force sword, a solid electrolyte, and an anode, using oxygen ions supplied via the solid electrolyte on the surface of the anode,
- a chemical reaction device characterized in that solid carbon (PM) is directly oxidized and removed by this reaction.
- Nitrogen oxide and / or carbon dioxide in the gas is reduced and decomposed with a power sword, and the generated oxygen ions are supplied to the anode through the solid electrolyte.
- the anode hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and / or Alternatively, the chemical reaction apparatus according to (8), wherein solid carbon is directly oxidized electrochemically.
- the chemical reaction apparatus according to (1) or (8) is provided, and has a function of decomposing and removing harmful substances using the reduction reaction and / or oxidation reaction of the chemical reaction apparatus.
- Exhaust gas purification device Exhaust gas purification device.
- the chemical reaction apparatus according to the above (1) or (8) is provided, and the volatile organic compound (VOC) in the gas phase is converted using the reduction reaction and / or oxidation reaction of the chemical reaction apparatus.
- VOC volatile organic compound
- An exhaust gas purification device characterized in that a plurality of the chemical reaction devices according to the above (1) or (8) are arranged in the exhaust gas passage.
- the chemical reaction apparatus of the present invention is characterized by having a chemical reaction mechanism in which a catalytic electrode capable of directly oxidizing and removing solid carbon (PM) is formed on an ion conductive ceramic material.
- the chemical reaction device of the present invention preferably has, for example, a force sword and an anode electrode on both surfaces of a solid electrolyte, and has a structure for passing an electric current to the electrode, and is generated by a reduction reaction in the force sword.
- Oxygen ions are supplied to the anode via a solid electrolyte, and solid carbon is converted to CO by direct oxidation reaction at the anode for removal.
- the chemical reaction apparatus of the present invention is not limited to this, for example, a chemical reaction mechanism in which a catalyst electrode capable of directly oxidizing and removing solid carbon (PM) at least electrochemically is formed on an ion conductive ceramic. Can be used as the chemical reaction apparatus of the present invention.
- the ion conductive ceramic material is preferably an oxygen ion conductive material in which a different element is dissolved in a metal oxide such as dinoleconium oxide, cerium oxide, gallium oxide, or bismuth oxide.
- a metal oxide such as dinoleconium oxide, cerium oxide, gallium oxide, or bismuth oxide.
- the single crystal or polycrystalline material exhibiting electrical conductivity according to the above are exemplified, and examples of the heterogeneous element include rare earth metals and alkaline earth metals. However, it can be used in the same way as long as it has the same effect as these.
- the electrode material is preferably, for example, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, calcium aluminate (Ca A10
- Oxide materials such as titanate, and conductive materials such as noble metal materials such as platinum, gold, silver, etc., but are not limited to these, and materials having the same effect as these, It can be used as well.
- the electrode material is formed, for example, into a structure in which the conductive material is applied and / or baked at two or more locations, and a current can be passed using these materials as electrodes.
- These specific structures can be arbitrarily designed according to the purpose, size, type, etc. of the chemical reaction apparatus.
- a contact is formed on the ion conductive ceramic material. It is possible to construct a chemical reaction device having a structure in which a catalyst electrode is formed and a solid carbon is directly oxidized on the surface of the catalyst electrode, and cathode and anode electrodes are provided on both sides of the solid electrolyte.
- Attach perform a reduction reaction with a force sword, supply the generated oxygen ions to the anode via the solid electrolyte, and build a chemical reaction device with a structure that performs an oxidation reaction that directly oxidizes solid carbon at the anode It is also possible.
- the specific structure of these chemical reaction apparatuses can be arbitrarily designed according to the purpose, type, size, etc. of the apparatus.
- a reduction reaction occurs in the force sword by passing an electric current through the chemical reaction device. Since the oxidation reaction can be performed using oxygen ions generated by the reduction reaction, the solid carbon can be directly oxidized and removed electrochemically on the surface of the anode.
- the chemical reaction apparatus of the present invention can be suitably used for removing harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides and solid carbon in exhaust gas. In this case, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, etc. in the exhaust gas are reduced and decomposed with a power sword, and the generated oxygen ions are supplied to the anode via the solid electrolyte ion-conducting ceramic material. Can be used to directly and continuously oxidize and remove carbon particles (PM) such as dust, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, etc. electrochemically.
- PM carbon particles
- the transition metal oxide By making the transition metal oxide coexist, an effective reduction reaction proceeds.
- the high-temperature oxygen ion conductor it is preferable to use materials such as zinc oxide, cerium oxide, gallium oxide and bismuth oxide, which are expected to be used in high-temperature fuel cells. By using them, they have a dense membrane structure that does not allow oxygen and other gases to permeate naturally, and by constructing a reactor in which the above materials are effectively arranged through the membrane structure, the intended solid carbon The material and gaseous harmful substances (nitrogen oxides, etc.) can be simultaneously decomposed and removed.
- an oxygen ion conductor ceramic surface such as zirconium oxide or cerium oxide is applied to an electrode material such as platinum and aluminum such as CaAlO.
- a catalyst material such as calcium oxide or nickel oxide
- carbon powder as a solid carbon source is supplied onto the ceramic chemical reactor, heated under high temperature conditions that do not self-combust, and supplied with electricity, so that the carbon is electrochemically produced by oxygen supplied from the ceramic chemical reactor. Can be burned continuously.
- nitrogen oxides coexisting with the carbon source can be decomposed.
- hydrocarbons in gas components can be continuously decomposed with a ceramic chemical reactor.
- a chemical reactor comprising a force sword, a solid electrolyte, and an anode, wherein nitrogen oxide and / or carbon dioxide in a gas is reduced and decomposed with the force sword
- a chemical reactor is used that supplies the generated oxygen ions to the anode via a solid electrolyte.
- any chemical reactor can be used as long as the structure, shape, etc. of the chemical reactor are not particularly limited.
- a chemical reactor for performing a chemical reaction or energy conversion reaction of a substance to be treated, fine particles of transition metal, an ionic conductor having an oxygen deficient concentrated portion, and electronic conduction
- Reduction phase consisting of transition metal fine particles
- Space for introducing the substance to be treated into the reaction field (3) Ion conductor as reaction field
- Ion conductor as reaction field
- An oxygen deficient concentrated portion formed in the crystal structure
- Acid ionized by oxygen vacancies in ionic conductors A chemical reaction unit is formed with the basic unit as the ion conduction phase, which is the path for transporting elementary molecules out of the reaction system.
- the "basic unit" necessary for the reaction of the substance to be treated is (1) (for example, N molecule N (2) Space for introducing the substance to be treated into the reaction field (nanospace for confining the substance to be treated to the reaction field), (3) Oxygen deficient concentrated part formed in the ionic conductor crystal structure that becomes the reaction field (for example, NO molecule to O) (4) Oxygen molecules adsorbed on the oxygen deficient concentrated part of the ionic conductor 5) an electron conduction phase that supplies electrons necessary for ionization, and (5) an ion conduction phase that is a path for carrying out oxygen molecules ionized by oxygen vacancies in the ion conductor. Consists of two elements.
- the reason for using the "transition metal” is that the surface of the transition metal has a selective adsorption property with respect to the covalently bonded molecule, and the "fine particle structure” This is because the adsorption reaction efficiency is increased by increasing the surface area.
- the “nanospace” in contact with the reduction phase is required because, for example, the size of the space for the NO molecules to cause an adsorption reaction quickly is limited.
- the amount of the material to be treated is large (for example, automobile exhaust gas), the space needs to be large enough to be treated. In order to solve these conflicting requirements, a nanometer-scale space is required.
- the space for example, pores become narrower from the outside to the inside, and further, a flow path for exhaust gas, etc.
- a thing parallel to a direction, for example, which becomes a unidirectional through-hole is illustrated as desirable.
- the substance to be treated can flow or diffuse into the nanometer-scale space, can be selectively adsorbed on the oxygen deficient concentrated portion of the ionic conductor, and promote the chemical reaction on the reduced phase surface.
- the oxygen deficient concentrated portion (3) may be any substance or structure having the ability to adsorb oxygen and simultaneously or later give electrons.
- an oxide crystal having an oxygen deficiency and an ability to capture oxygen is used.
- an oxide having conductivity is preferable.
- an electron conductor or a conductor may be combined in close contact.
- the ion conductor as a conduction path for discharging oxygen ions out of the system is integrated with the force (3) that can be used alone.
- a structure or substance (so-called mixed conductor) integrated with the above (4) can be used.
- transition metal fine particles preferably, for example, transition metal fine particles, an ionic conductor having an oxygen-deficient concentrated portion, and an electronic conductor are used as components, so that they have the above composition and structure. Deploy.
- each component is preferably arranged in the form of particles, but the form is not particularly limited.
- the form of the chemical reactor is not particularly limited, and preferably, for example, a tubular shape, a flat plate shape, a honeycomb shape, and the like are exemplified. In particular, a pair of openings such as a tubular shape and a honeycomb shape are exemplified. It is preferable that a chemical reaction part is located in each through hole, or it is in a flat plate shape, and the chemical reaction part is located on the surface thereof. It is also preferable that the form has a reaction area as large as possible.
- the reduction phase is preferably porous and selectively adsorbs the target substance to be reacted.
- This reduced phase is preferably made of a conductive material in order to supply electrons to the elements contained in the material to be treated to generate ions and to transfer the generated ions to the ion conductive phase.
- the reduction phase is composed of a mixed conductive material having both electron conductive properties and ionic conductive properties, or an electron conductive material and an ionic conductive material. More preferably, it consists of a mixture.
- conductive materials and ion conductive materials are not particularly limited, preferred examples of conductive materials include noble metals such as platinum and palladium, nickel oxide, and oxidation. Metal oxides such as cobalt, copper oxide, lanthanum manganite, lanthanum cobaltite, lanthanum chromite and barium-containing oxides such as theolite can also be used. Said substance It is also preferable to use at least one of these as a mixture with at least one ion-conducting substance.
- the ion conductive substance for example, zirconia stabilized with ittria or scandium oxide, ceria stabilized with gadolinium oxide or samarium oxide, lanthanum gallate and the like are preferably used.
- This reduced phase is close to the force in contact with the electron conductor or the nanometer scale. Further, the reduced phase in contact with the ionic conductor has a volume sufficient to occupy a part or all of the reduced phase portion up to another ionic conductor.
- the ion conductive phase is made of a solid electrolyte having ion conductivity, and preferably, a solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity.
- the solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity include, but are not limited to, zirconium oxide stabilized with yttria or scandium oxide, ceria stabilized with gadolinium oxide or samarium oxide, and lanthanum gallate.
- this ionic conduction phase preferably used is dinoreconia stabilized with yttria or scandium oxide, which has high conductivity and strength, and excellent long-term stability, and is operated by a relatively short time.
- ceria-based solid electrolytes are also preferably used.
- the chemical reaction section having the above configuration simultaneously performs adsorption and decomposition of oxygen molecules and adsorption and decomposition of substances to be treated with high efficiency and separate substances suitable for each reaction. It has a structure that can be performed. That is, the metal phase produced by reduction of the oxide or included in the initial force (for high reactivity, desirably an ultrafine particle (10 ⁇ : OOnm diameter)) and the ion conducting phase present in the vicinity of the metal phase
- the oxygen deficient concentrated part (estimated from the Debye length calculation, about 5 nm region) is in contact with it, and a small space of several to several OOnm coexists around the contact part.
- the structure of such a chemical reaction part includes, in addition to a heat treatment process (zirconia-nickel oxide based heat treatment in the air from 1400 to 1450 ° C), an energization treatment to the chemical reaction system or a reducing atmosphere It is formed by performing a heat treatment at. That is, for example, a reduced phase is formed by using an oxide that is relatively easily reduced and energizing at a high temperature of several hundred degrees Celsius or higher. To do.
- a heat treatment process zirconia-nickel oxide based heat treatment in the air from 1400 to 1450 ° C
- an energization treatment to the chemical reaction system or a reducing atmosphere
- Electrodes with catalytic functions are used, but the above-mentioned structure that forms an electric circuit as a whole is activated by a local structure that performs a reaction that is not always necessary. In order to be achieved, basically, it is necessary to have at least a combination of ion conductor and reducing phase.
- reaction active site As a reaction field for chemical reactions such as decomposition, the reaction selectivity is enhanced by providing different reaction sites for reactions that occur in parallel or in a short time with two or more types of atoms, molecules or compounds. As a result, the reaction efficiency can be dramatically improved.
- a combination of an ionic conduction phase and an electron conduction phase, a mixed conduction phase, or a combination of this with an ionic conduction phase and an electron conduction phase are possible.
- the reduction phase is more preferable because it exhibits a high selective adsorption property of a metal phase such as nickel.
- the reduced phase is in contact with the ionic conductor, for example, when the substance to be treated is nitrogen oxide, the nitrogen atom in the nitrogen oxide is adsorbed on the reduced phase side, while the oxygen vacancy of the ionic conductor is reduced. Adsorption of oxygen atoms with can be performed more effectively.
- the above-mentioned constituents are made into particulates, and in general, there are more substances to be treated and a reduced phase compared to a reduced phase having a particulate form and a plurality of ion conductors that are also generally particulate. It is desirable to have a structure that can be contacted simultaneously by both the ion conductor and the ion conductor.
- a ceramic chemical reaction apparatus zirconium oxide, which is an oxygen ion conductor, or oxidation
- a noble metal electrode such as platinum
- calcium aluminate as a solid carbon combustion catalyst
- nickel oxide as a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst, etc.
- the structure to be formed is formed into a ceramic chemical reactor.
- solid carbon powder is baked on the ceramic reactor, electrolyzed in a high temperature atmosphere, and electricity is supplied.
- the ceramic chemical reactor of the present invention is used, and nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons (ethane) are circulated.
- nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons ethane
- the decomposition of nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and the decomposition of hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide proceeded at the same time due to the entry and exit of electrochemical oxygen in the ceramic chemical reactor.
- solid carbon such as PM, nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, and the like contained in the automobile exhaust gas can be removed.
- the present invention nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas are reduced and decomposed, and at the same time, oxygen ions generated by the reduction reaction are effectively used to directly oxidize hydrocarbons having a high molecular weight that are difficult to burn.
- the present invention is extremely useful as a purification means for efficiently removing harmful substances in exhaust gas mixed with solid carbon.
- the solid carbon (PM) in the exhaust gas can be directly oxidized and removed electrochemically.
- the present invention is the first chemical reaction apparatus that has not been reported.
- the present invention is the first in the present invention that no report has been made so far in the case of using an oxidizing agent / calcium aluminate (Ca Al 2 O 3) as a catalyst electrode. It has been confirmed by the present inventors that this catalyst electrode has a high advantage as compared with existing noble metal catalysts.
- the present invention sucks oxygen ions generated by reductive decomposition of nitrogen oxides or the like in exhaust gas by bombing the ion conductive ceramic material of the substrate, and uses the oxygen ions to electrochemically. It is intended to directly oxidize and remove solid carbon and to provide a new solid carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reactor that has never been proposed before.
- the present invention allows a current to flow through a ceramic reactor and simultaneously causes different reactions such as an oxidation reaction at one location of the chemical reactor and a reduction reaction at another location. It is possible to provide a chemical reaction device comprising a new chemical reaction system that can purify harmful substances with low power consumption.
- the type and form of the ion conductive ceramic material of the substrate and the catalyst electrode formed on the substrate, or the type and form of the force sword, solid electrolyte and anode constituting the chemical reaction apparatus are as follows: It can be arbitrarily designed according to the purpose, type and size of the chemical reaction apparatus, and in the present invention, their specific configuration is not particularly limited. The invention's effect
- a carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reaction device can be provided.
- solid carbon particulate materials, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides can be continuously decomposed electrochemically.
- the chemical reaction device Can be used for purification of high-temperature exhaust gas such as automobile exhaust gas, decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VoC), etc.
- the oxidation reaction and the reduction reaction are performed simultaneously electrochemically. Since the process is continuously performed, the apparatus of the present invention can be used as a chemical reaction reactor with a redox reaction.
- a paste made of a solvent such as reethylene glycol was similarly applied so as to cover the gold electrode by screen printing.
- the film thickness at this time was about 100 / im.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a solid carbon decomposition-type ceramic chemical reactor.
- the glassy carbon paste was applied by screen printing onto the calcium aluminate of the anode (Anode) of the ceramic chemical reactor manufactured in Example 1 above, dried at 150 ° C, and then fired at 500 ° C in air. Things were made. After measuring the weight of the applied carbon, a lead wire (platinum) that conducts electricity to the ceramic chemical reactor was attached, and a mixed gas of nitrogen oxide (lOOOppmNO gas) and He was circulated at 50 ml / min in the quartz tube. The amount of carbon reduction on the surface of the ceramics reactor was investigated by heating at 500-550 ° C in an electric furnace and supplying various currents (voltages).
- the oxygen source used was oxygen produced by decomposing nitrogen oxides with a sword (Cathode) of a ceramic chemical reactor.
- the amount of nitrogen oxides simultaneously decomposed was also measured with a NOx analyzer.
- FIG. 2 shows photographs of solid carbon on the substrate before and after electrolysis at 550 ° C. The force that carbon could not be removed even when the temperature was raised before the electrolysis was applied. It was found that the solid carbon on the surface could be completely removed when electrolysis at 1.5V was applied for 12 hours.
- current voltage
- Figure 3 shows the results of simultaneous decomposition of solid carbon and nitrogen oxides (relationship between applied voltage, amount of nitrogen oxide decomposition, and amount of carbonic acid produced) in a solid carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reactor. Also, in Table 1 (Characteristic comparison of silver, platinum and calcium anolemate catalysts), the electric power of solid carbon in the ceramic chemical reactor at 500 ° C when the oxidized electrode material on the ceramic chemical reactor is changed. The chemical decomposition results are shown. When calcium aluminate was used as the electrode material, it was confirmed that the decomposition of solid carbon proceeded the fastest.
- the present invention relates to a solid carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reaction apparatus.
- a chemical reaction apparatus capable of directly oxidizing and removing solid carbon (PM) electrochemically is provided.
- PM solid carbon
- the catalyst electrode an oxidizing agent / calcium aluminate (Ca A1
- the chemical reaction apparatus of the present invention has a function of reducing and decomposing nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, etc. in the gas phase, and continuously and directly oxidizing and removing solid carbon particulate materials, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
- it can be used for purification of high-temperature exhaust gas such as automobile exhaust gas and decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOC).
- VOC volatile organic compounds
- the reduction reaction and the oxidation reaction can be performed electrochemically simultaneously and continuously, so that the present invention can be used as, for example, a chemical reaction reactor involving an oxidation-reduction reaction. .
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can provide a new type of ceramic chemical reaction apparatus that can simultaneously and continuously perform decomposition of nitrogen oxides and removal of solid carbon with a small amount of power consumption.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a solid carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reaction device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows photographs of solid oxygen on the substrate before and after electrolysis at 550 ° C. in the solid carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reactor of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of simultaneous decomposition of solid carbon and nitrogen oxides in the solid carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reactor of the present invention (relationship between applied voltage, amount of nitrogen oxide decomposition, and amount of carbonic acid produced).
- FIG. 4 shows the results of simultaneous decomposition of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in the solid carbon decomposition type ceramic chemical reactor of the present invention (relationship between applied voltage, amount of nitrogen oxide decomposition, and amount of carbonic acid produced).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112006000255T DE112006000255T5 (de) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-01-23 | Chemische Reaktionsvorrichtung aus Keramik, die in der Lage ist, festen Kohlenstoff zu zersetzen |
| GB0714512A GB2437459A (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-01-23 | Ceramic chemical reaction device capable of decomposing solid carbon |
| US11/814,419 US20090004072A1 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-01-23 | Ceramic Chemical Reaction Device Capable of Decomposing Solid Carbon |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005014927A JP5614521B2 (ja) | 2005-01-24 | 2005-01-24 | 固体炭素分解型セラミックス化学反応装置 |
| JP2005-014927 | 2005-01-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006078017A1 true WO2006078017A1 (ja) | 2006-07-27 |
Family
ID=36692389
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/300968 Ceased WO2006078017A1 (ja) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-01-23 | 固体炭素分解型セラミックス化学反応装置 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090004072A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5614521B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100553749C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112006000255T5 (ja) |
| GB (1) | GB2437459A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006078017A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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| CN113477075A (zh) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-10-08 | 深圳市普瑞美泰环保科技有限公司 | 电化学空气净化消毒装置和电化学空气净化消毒方法 |
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| JP5252362B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-28 | 2013-07-31 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | セラミック電極 |
| JP2008119618A (ja) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-29 | Ritsumeikan | 浄化装置、浄化方法、排出ガス浄化システム、及び浄化構造体の製造方法 |
| ATE546213T1 (de) | 2007-01-19 | 2012-03-15 | Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Kk | Vorrichtung zu reinigung von abgas |
| WO2008099935A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | 脱酸素剤及び脱酸素剤の製造方法 |
| JP4851974B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2012-01-11 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 浄化装置 |
| JP2008298045A (ja) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関システム |
| JP2009125622A (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-06-11 | Toyota Industries Corp | 排気ガスの浄化装置 |
| JP2009138522A (ja) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-25 | Toyota Industries Corp | 排気ガスの浄化装置 |
| US20110155227A1 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-30 | Tadao Yagi | Electrolyte composition for photoelectric transformation device and photoelectric transformation device manufactured by using the same |
| JP5566681B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2014-08-06 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質組成物及び光電変換素子 |
| TWI390104B (zh) * | 2010-03-04 | 2013-03-21 | Nat Univ Tsing Hua | 控制廢氣排放並發電的熱活電化學暨觸媒轉化器 |
| CN102335552A (zh) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-02-01 | 国立清华大学 | 控制废气排放并发电的电化学催化剂转化器 |
| CN102485326A (zh) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-06 | 黄大仁 | 电化学催化剂转化器 |
| US9368847B2 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2016-06-14 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Rechargeable metal nitric oxide gas battery |
| US9461349B2 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2016-10-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Rechargeable metal NxOy gas battery system |
| US9331369B2 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2016-05-03 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Rechargeable metal nitric oxide gas battery |
| JP6373389B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-08 | 2018-08-15 | トヨタ モーター エンジニアリング アンド マニュファクチャリング ノース アメリカ,インコーポレイティド | 充電式金属一酸化窒素ガス電池システム |
| FR3074059B1 (fr) * | 2017-11-24 | 2022-04-15 | Univ Grenoble Alpes | Procede de purification d'un gaz porteur |
| WO2019189701A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 電解セル及び電解装置 |
| CN110671170A (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-01-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | 一种可降低汽车废气尾气颗粒的装置及汽车 |
| CN109772165B (zh) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-09-14 | 深圳大学 | 一种尾气净化反应器及其制备方法与尾气净化反应电堆 |
| US11939686B2 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2024-03-26 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Separation and conversion of carbon dioxide to syngas using a porous ceramic dual membrane in a thermo-electrochemical reactor |
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- 2006-01-23 GB GB0714512A patent/GB2437459A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-23 WO PCT/JP2006/300968 patent/WO2006078017A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2006-01-23 DE DE112006000255T patent/DE112006000255T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-23 CN CNB200680003066XA patent/CN100553749C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112006000255T5 (de) | 2008-01-31 |
| JP2006198563A (ja) | 2006-08-03 |
| US20090004072A1 (en) | 2009-01-01 |
| CN101107062A (zh) | 2008-01-16 |
| JP5614521B2 (ja) | 2014-10-29 |
| GB0714512D0 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
| CN100553749C (zh) | 2009-10-28 |
| GB2437459A (en) | 2007-10-24 |
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