WO2006059582A1 - 電解質膜の製造方法、電解質膜、及び、その電解質膜を用いた固体高分子型燃料電池 - Google Patents
電解質膜の製造方法、電解質膜、及び、その電解質膜を用いた固体高分子型燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/1062—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. insitu polymerisation or insitu crosslinking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
- H01M8/1088—Chemical modification, e.g. sulfonation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte membrane in which pores of a porous substrate are filled with a proton conductive polymer, a method for producing the same, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the same, and in particular methanol as a fuel. It is useful for polymer electrolyte fuel cells using hydrogen and hydrogen.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell has excellent features such as low-temperature operation, high power density, and the ability to generate only water through a power generation reaction. Since PEFC with pure hydrogen can provide high output, it is especially expected for automotive applications, and hydrogen energy environments such as hydrogen stations are being promoted. In addition, methanol fuel, PEFC, can be supplied as liquid fuel in the same way as gasoline, so it is considered promising as a power supply source for electric vehicles and portable equipment.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a reforming type that converts methanol into a hydrogen-based gas using a reformer, and a methanol that does not use a reformer.
- a reforming type that converts methanol into a hydrogen-based gas using a reformer
- a methanol that does not use a reformer.
- direct type DMFC, Direct Methanol Polymer Fuel Cell
- the reforming type requires a reformer, but has a large output and a wide range of applicable equipment.
- the direct type does not require a reformer, so it can be reduced in weight and has the advantage that catalyst poisoning is not a problem.
- a cation exchange membrane is usually used, and a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane represented by Nafion (registered trademark) is mainly used.
- Nafion registered trademark
- This membrane is excellent in chemical stability, but has a problem in battery durability because it is weak in strength because methanol easily permeates and swells. In addition, because it is very expensive, the practical side force was questioned.
- a solid polymer electrolyte there is a cation exchange membrane in which pores of a polyolefin-based porous membrane having a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or more are filled with a cation exchange resin.
- a fluorine-based porous film is used as a core material to reinforce a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid film is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- a porous polyolefin-based porous substrate is impregnated with a mixture of a sulfonic acid group-containing vinyl monomer and a crosslinking agent. Then, an electrolyte membrane obtained by polymerizing this is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 3).
- 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is mainly used as a sulfonic acid group-containing vinyl monomer, but it has been found that proton conductivity is insufficient.
- a small amount (about 20% by weight) of vinyl sulfonic acid is used as a copolymerization monomer in other examples is also disclosed.
- the sodium vinyl sulfonate that is generally commercially available and vinyl sulfonic acid contains impurities such as sodium hydroxy ethane sulfonate and hydroxy ethane vinyl sulfonic acid.
- impurities such as sodium hydroxy ethane sulfonate and hydroxy ethane vinyl sulfonic acid.
- the polymerization did not proceed sufficiently, and a polymer that functions as a proton conductive polymer was not obtained.
- an electrolyte membrane in which permeation of hydrogen gas is suppressed using perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 4).
- the permeation rate is not sufficiently suppressed because the permeation coefficient of hydrogen gas is similar to that of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane represented by Nafion (registered trademark).
- the fuel cell output obtained by using the electrolyte membrane is about 600 mWZcm 2 , and it is unlikely that sufficient cell characteristics will be obtained.
- PEFC electrolytes are: 1) Permeability of hydrogen and methanol, etc. (hydrogen and methanol do not permeate the electrolyte), 2) Durability and heat resistance, 3) Start-up and termination Therefore, there is no or little change in area due to liquid wetting and drying of the membrane, 4) proton conductivity, 5) chemical resistance, etc.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1 22932
- Patent Document 2 US Patent Publication No. 005635041A
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-146279
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-342665
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-135328
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-310649
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte membrane capable of obtaining a high maximum output when used in a fuel cell, and a method for producing the same, as well as the use thereof, in particular because of its high proton conductivity and hydrogen gas permeation-preventing property.
- the object is to provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research on a method for efficiently polymerizing vinyl sulfonic acid and Z or a salt thereof in the pores of a porous substrate. It was found that by using a highly concentrated bululsulfonic acid solution purified to a high purity, a polymer having high proton conductivity and good hydrogen gas permeation-preventing property can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed. .
- the method for producing an electrolyte membrane of the present invention includes a sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomer.
- a method for producing an electrolyte membrane comprising a step of impregnating a porous substrate with a solution and then polymerizing this, sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomer is used as a sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomer having a purity of 90% or more and / or a salt thereof.
- the concentration of beylsulfonic acid and Z or a salt thereof in the solution is 35 wt% or more.
- the “sulfonic acid group” means a —SO 2 H group (sulfo group) and —SO—.
- the solution preferably contains a crosslinking agent in a ratio of 1 to 30 mol with respect to 100 mol of the sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomer.
- a crosslinking agent in a ratio of 1 to 30 mol with respect to 100 mol of the sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomer.
- a step of degassing the porous substrate impregnated with the solution by a depressurization operation is preferably included prior to the polymerization. Accordingly, the filling rate and filling amount of the proton conductive polymer can be increased, so that the proton conductivity and the hydrogen gas permeation preventing property can be further improved.
- the porous substrate is obtained by crosslinking a resin composition containing a first polymer containing polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or more and a second polymer having a reactive functional group. It is preferable to become.
- the hydrogen gas permeation preventing property can be more reliably increased.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention is a proton-conductive polymer containing 80 mol% or more of butyl sulfonic acid and Z or a salt thereof in a sulfonic acid group-containing vinyl monomer as a constituent component.
- the mer is filled in the pores of the porous substrate.
- the proton gas conductivity is particularly high and the hydrogen gas permeation-preventing property is also good. Therefore, the fuel cell using methanol or hydrogen as the fuel has high output. The resulting electrolyte membrane is obtained.
- the proton conductive polymer strength vinyl sulfonic acid and Z or a salt thereof and a cross-linking agent are used as constituents, and the sulfonic acid 1 and It is preferable to contain a crosslinking agent in a ratio of ⁇ 30 mol.
- a crosslinking agent since the main chain is polymerized only by sulfonic acid and z or a salt thereof, proton conductivity can be further enhanced.
- a crosslinking agent at this ratio, the swellability and solubility of the proton conductive polymer can be suppressed, and the heat resistance can be improved.
- the porous substrate is obtained by crosslinking a resin composition containing a first polymer containing polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or more and a second polymer having a reactive functional group.
- the permeability coefficient of hydrogen gas at 30 ° C. is preferably 3.0 ⁇ 10 ′′ 9 [cm 3 (STP) ⁇ cm / (s ⁇ cm 2 ′ cmHg)] or less.
- the physical property values are values measured by the measurement methods described in the examples.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention uses any one of the above electrolyte membranes.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention since the proton conductivity of the electrolyte membrane is high, a high output can be obtained when methanol or hydrogen is used as a fuel. Since the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention has a high hydrogen gas permeation-preventing property, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell using hydrogen as a fuel in addition to the use of a methanol fuel type polymer electrolyte fuel cell expected for portable equipment applications It is also useful for fuel cells.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing an NMR chart of vinyl sulfonic acid used in the examples.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing output voltage results in fuel cell tests using pure hydrogen gas of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 4
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing output voltage results in a fuel cell test using methanol in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2 and 4.
- the method for producing an electrolyte membrane of the present invention comprises a step of impregnating a porous substrate with a solution containing a sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomer and then polymerizing it.
- porous substrates examples include polyolefin resin, PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride),
- PSF polysulfone
- PES polyethersulfone
- PPES polyphenylsulfone
- porous films such as PTFE, cellulosic resin, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, and polyimide.
- the method for forming the porous substrate may be any of a non-solvent induced wet phase separation method, a thermally induced wet phase separation method, a dry phase separation method, an aperture stretching method, a solvent extraction method, and the like.
- this porous film will be described as an example.
- This porous film has 1) at least one first polymer selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, and 2) a second polymer having a reactive functional group in the polymer. It is good.
- the porous substrate is preferably formed by cross-linking a resin composition containing a first polymer containing polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or more and a second polymer having a reactive functional group. Better ,.
- Examples of the first polymer include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene and 4-methylpentene.
- polyolefins obtained by graft polymerization of a carbonyl group or an acid anhydride group may be used.
- the first polymer may contain a polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomer that contains a crystal phase and is easy to adjust the stress relaxation temperature. These include modified structures based on polyolefins.
- polyethylenes are preferred as the first polymer for reasons such as stain resistance, corrosion resistance, and low cost.
- high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ultra-high polymer Quantity polyethylene is preferred.
- High-density polyethylene or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is more preferable in terms of strength of the resulting porous substrate.
- ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or more, particularly from the viewpoint of increasing the strength of the porous film.
- These polyolefin resins may be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the porous base material of the present invention preferably has a second polymer having a reactive functional group in the polymer.
- the second polymer having a reactive functional group include a polymer having a double bond, a polymer grafted with an acid anhydride group, and the like, and a polymer having an epoxy group.
- the second polymer having a double bond in the polymer for example, polynorbornene, ethylene propylene terpolymer, or at least one second polymer of polybutadiene may be included.
- the second polymer include bicyclo [3.2.0] hepto-6-ene, bicyclo [4.2.0] otato-7-ene, and ring-opening polymers of these derivatives; bicyclo [2.2.1] hept Norbornene derivatives such as bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-en-2,3-dicarboxymethyl ester; bicyclo [2.2.1]; 2.
- Ring-opening polymers of oct-2-ene and its derivatives; and ring-opening polymers of dicyclopentadiene, tetracyclododecene and their derivatives, ethylene propylene terpolymer, polybutadiene, etc. Can do.
- the ethylene propylene terpolymer comprises a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a gen monomer, and has an aliphatic ring derived from the gen monomer unit and a double bond in the main chain.
- the polymer may be hydrogenated at a part of the double bond.
- examples of the gen monomer include dicyclopentagen, ethylidene norbornene, and hexagen.
- the point of crosslinking reactivity is more preferred ethylidene norbornene.
- the ternary copolymer using these gen monomers may be a polymer used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ethylene propylene terpolymer as a polyolefin resin composition has a complex molecular chain force-combination structure and a desired molecular weight that is desirable for a three-dimensional crosslinked structure.
- An ethylene propylene terpolymer having the above high molecular weight is preferred.
- mu-one viscosity (ML (100 ° C)) is 50 or more.
- Tylene propylene terpolymer is preferred. If it is 50 or more, it is suitably used from the viewpoint of dispersibility with the polyolefin resin.
- examples of the polybutadiene include cis-type 1,4-polybutadiene, trans-type 1,4-polybutadiene, and 1,2-polybutadiene.
- Polybutadiene force to increase cis-type 1,4-polybutadiene skeleton It is preferable in that it has a flexible structure and a double bond reaction easily proceeds.
- polybutadiene having a cis-type 1,4-polybutadiene skeleton ratio of 30% or more is preferable.
- graft polymer for example, grafted polyolefins, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, EVA, and the like can be used.
- maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene is more preferably used. be able to.
- These polyolefin-based graft polymers may be used in combination as the first polymer.
- the amount of the second polymer is 1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight, when 100 parts by weight of both the first polymer and the second polymer are combined. Parts, more preferably 1-35 parts by weight! /.
- additives such as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, dyes, pigments, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, and the like are added to the resin composition of the porous substrate as necessary.
- V can be added in a range that does not impair the object of the invention.
- the solvent used in the production of the porous film is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the polyolefin resin, but a solvent having a freezing point of 10 ° C or lower is preferably used.
- a solvent having a freezing point of 10 ° C or lower is preferably used.
- aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons such as decane, decalin and liquid paraffin, and mineral oil fractions having boiling points corresponding to these.
- the mixing ratio of the polyolefin and the solvent cannot be determined in general, but the concentration of the resin is preferably 5 to 30% by weight. If the concentration of the resin is higher than this, kneading is insufficient and sufficient entanglement of the polymer chain is obtained.
- the porosity of the porous substrate used in the present invention is preferably 15 to 65%, more preferably 15 to 65%, and particularly preferably 15 to 60%.
- the thickness of the porous substrate is 100 m or less 1 to 80 / ⁇ ⁇ is more preferable and 5 to 70 m is particularly preferable.
- the production method of the present invention includes a step of impregnating a porous substrate as described above with a solution containing a sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomer and then polymerizing the solution. At that time, it is preferable to include a step of performing deaeration by a pressure reducing operation from the porous base material impregnated with the solution prior to the polymerization.
- the depressurization operation can be performed, for example, by a method of depressurizing the entire container while the porous substrate is immersed in the solution, or a method of depressurizing the porous substrate impregnated with the solution.
- a method of depressurizing the entire container while the porous substrate is immersed in the solution or a method of depressurizing the porous substrate impregnated with the solution.
- decompression is performed at room temperature, it is preferable to use a solution having a boiling point of 90 ° C or higher.
- polymerization of sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomers and the like is performed by the following method.
- the above-described impregnation, deaeration, and polymerization steps may be repeated twice or more. In this case, these steps are performed with respect to 100 parts by weight of the porous substrate. It is preferable to repeat until 80 parts by weight or more is filled.
- the polymerization may be performed in a state in which the reactive group after the solvent removal treatment of the porous substrate is left, or after the second polymer is completely cross-linked, Crosslinking and polymerization reactions can also be performed.
- a monomer is cross-linked with a reactive group remaining, or when a polymerization reaction is carried out, an electrolyte in which a porous base material and a proton conductive polymer (hereinafter referred to as “third polymer”) filled inside are chemically bonded.
- a membrane can be manufactured.
- the first, second, and third polymers are preferably partially or wholly crosslinked in terms of heat resistance and film strength.
- the crosslinking depends on the third polymer or its monomer, but one or more selected from the group force consisting of heat, ultraviolet rays and electron beams can be used.
- the crosslinking treatment is performed using heat
- a one-step heat treatment method in which heat treatment is performed once a multi-step heat treatment method in which the heat treatment is performed first at a low temperature and then at a higher temperature, or the temperature increase performed while the temperature is increased.
- Various methods such as a formula heat treatment method can be used.
- the heat treatment temperature is 40 to 140 ° C, preferably 90 to 140 ° C.
- the treatment time is preferably about 0.5 to 14 hours.
- a porous film that is, a base material of the present invention is filled with a sulfonic acid group-containing vinyl monomer or the like, or as it is or in a methanol solution containing a polymerization initiator.
- the substrate After impregnating and drying the solvent, the substrate can be irradiated with a mercury lamp or the like to be crosslinked or polymerized.
- the porous polymer is filled with the third polymer or the monomer, that is, the substrate of the present invention is irradiated with a radiation dose of 0.1 to: LOMrad.
- a crosslinking treatment can be performed.
- the atmosphere during irradiation may be an air atmosphere as in the heat treatment method, or an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas in order to control the crosslinking state! /, .
- the sulfonic acid group-containing vinyl monomer contained in the solution contains 80 mol% or more of a sulfonic acid group-containing vinylsulfonic acid and Z or a salt thereof of 80% or more, and the sulfonic acid group in the solution described above. And the concentration of Z or a salt thereof is 35% by weight or more.
- the third polymer contains 80 mol% or more of sulfonic acid and / or a salt thereof as a constituent component.
- protons such as —SO— derived from —SO 2 H groups
- Proton conductivity occurs when the third polymer is pendant in the third polymer and is easily released, and the polymer fills the pores.
- the vinyl sulfonic acid salt is preferably sodium vinyl sulfonate.
- a salt type such as a sodium salt is used as the monomer, it is preferable to make the salt into a pour-ton type after the polymer.
- the monomer component Yogu like this also contain other monomer component is less than 20 mole 0/0, sodium Arirusuruhon acid (SAS), methallyl sulfonic acid sodium Plum (SMS), p-sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS), acrylic acid (AA), 2-atrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, etc. are preferred!
- SAS Arirusuruhon acid
- SMS methallyl sulfonic acid sodium Plum
- SSS p-sodium styrene sulfonate
- acrylic acid AA
- 2-atrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid etc.
- the concentration of sulfonic acid in solution is 35% by weight or more, preferably 50 to 90% by weight, more preferably 70 to 90% by weight.
- the solution concentration is too low, the polymerization becomes insufficient and the porous substrate is not sufficiently filled, resulting in poor uniformity of the electrolyte membrane.
- the sulfonic acid to be used has high purity, and homopolymerization or cross-linking polymerization by adding a cross-linking agent is promoted, and a dense polymer is easily obtained.
- the purity of the vinyl sulfonic acid is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more.
- a polymer having a sulfonic acid as a main chain is preferred, and the reason is not necessarily clear! / ⁇ is that the sulfonic acid groups are arranged in a straight line at a high density and the proton conductivity can be improved immediately, and the packing of the main chain occurs and the polymer becomes harder immediately. It is difficult to get up.
- a sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomer preferably vinyl sulfonic acid and
- a homopolymer may be formed using only Z or a salt thereof, but it has a crosslinked structure, so that it is a bridge polymer that is insoluble in water, methanol, etc. that are permeated when used in fuel cells. I want it! /
- the method for introducing a crosslinked structure into the third polymer is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- a method of performing a polymerization reaction using a polymerizable cross-linking agent having two or more double bonds there are a method of performing self-crosslinking by drawing hydrogen during polymerization, but it has two or more double bonds. It is easier and more preferable to carry out the polymerization reaction using a polymerizable crosslinking agent.
- crosslinking agent for crosslinking the monomer examples include N, N-methylenebis (meth) acrylamide, trimethylolpropane diallyl ether, pentaerythritol triaryl ether, oligoethylene oxide diallyl ether, divinylbenzene. And triallylamine. These cross-linking agents can be used alone or as needed. The above can also be used together.
- the crosslinking agent is used in an amount of 1 to 30 mol, preferably 2 to 25 mol, more preferably 3 to 20 mol, per 100 mol of the sulfonic acid group-containing vinyl monomer. A ratio is particularly preferred. If the amount of the crosslinking agent used is too small, the uncrosslinked polymer is likely to elute, and if it is too large, the crosslinking agent components are compatible with each other so that a uniform crosslinked polymer tends not to be obtained.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention is preferably obtained by the production method of the present invention as described above, and vinyl sulfonic acid and / or its sulfonic acid group-containing bull monomer is a constituent component.
- Proton-conducting polymer (third polymer) force containing 80 mol% or more of salt Fills the pores of the porous substrate.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention comprises the proton-conductive polymer strength bululsulfonic acid and Z or a salt thereof and a cross-linking agent as constituents, and is based on 100 mol of vinyl sulfonic acid and Z or a salt thereof.
- the crosslinking agent is preferably contained at a ratio of 1 to 30 mol.
- the proton conductive polymer is preferably chemically bonded to the pore inner surface of the porous substrate.
- the amount of the crosslinking agent used is preferably 5 to 25% by weight, more preferably 5 to 40% by weight of the crosslinking agent in the filling monomer solution. If the amount of the crosslinking agent is too small, the uncrosslinked polymer is likely to elute, and if the amount is too large, the crosslinking agent component is hardly compatible and a uniform crosslinked polymer tends to be hardly obtained.
- the porous base material contains a first polymer containing polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or more and a second polymer having a reactive functional group.
- the hydrogen gas permeation coefficient at 30 ° C. is 3.0 ⁇ 10 ” 9 [cm 3 (STP) 1! 17 (3 111 2 11113 ⁇ 4)] or less.
- the permeability coefficient of hydrogen gas is 2.0 x 10-9 [cm 3 (STP) ⁇ cm / (s ⁇ cm 2 ⁇ cmHg)] or less! / !.
- the porous base material when the porous base material is filled with an electrolyte and polymerized, 80 parts by weight or more of the third polymer is filled with respect to 100 parts by weight of the original porous base material. It is more preferable that 100 parts by weight or more is filled.
- This rate of weight increase indicates the degree of electrolyte filling in the pores of the porous substrate, and if this is too low, the density of ion exchange groups contained in the electrolyte will be low, and sufficient protons will remain. Conductivity is obtained Absent.
- voids are left in the pores of the porous base material, and hydrogen gas permeation becomes easy. Therefore, the permeation of hydrogen gas cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the porous substrate is stretched in the thickness direction by the force of the electrolyte to swell, and the resin constituting the porous substrate is oriented. Therefore, since the elastic modulus is high, the effect of suppressing the swelling of the electrolyte by the resin of the porous substrate can be obtained. Therefore, the higher the weight increase rate, the higher the hydrogen gas permeation blocking property.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention is a pure polymer fuel cell, that is, a pure fuel cell using a hydrogen fuel gas or a methanol fuel cell including a direct methanol solid polymer fuel cell or a modified methanol solid polymer fuel cell. Preferred for use in hydrogen gas fuel cells.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a force sword electrode, an anode electrode, and an electrolyte sandwiched between the electrodes.
- the fuel cell has a reformer on the anode electrode side, which is also a reforming methanol fuel cell.
- the force sword electrode may have a conventionally known configuration, and for example, may include a catalyst layer and a support layer that supports the catalyst layer in order from the electrolyte side.
- the anode electrode can also have a conventionally known configuration, for example, it can have a catalyst layer and a support layer that supports the catalyst layer in order from the electrolyte side.
- the membrane was swollen in water (temperature: 25 ° C), and then the membrane was sandwiched between two platinum foil electrodes to prepare a sample for proton conductivity measurement.
- Impedance was measured using HP4192A manufactured by Hewlett-Packard. .
- the measurement frequency range was 10 kHz to 1 MHz.
- the obtained impedance was plotted with the real part of the impedance on the horizontal axis and the imaginary part of the impedance on the vertical axis, and the value of the real part of the minimum value was taken as the membrane resistance R (Q).
- Proton conductivity ⁇ (S / cm) can be obtained from equation B, where d (m) is the thickness of the membrane when swollen.
- platinum-supported carbon for the oxygen electrode (Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: TEC10E50E)
- platinum-ruthenium alloy-supported carbon (Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: TEC61E5 4)
- a polymer electrolyte solution (manufactured by DuPont: Nafion 5% solution) and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion were blended, and water was appropriately added and stirred to obtain a reaction layer coating material. This was printed on one side of carbon paper (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc .: TGP-H-060) by screen printing and dried to obtain an electrode.
- the amount of platinum on the oxygen electrode side was lmgZcm 2
- the total amount of platinum and ruthenium on the fuel electrode side was 3 mgZcm 2 .
- the operating conditions when the MEAs produced using the electrolyte membranes obtained in the examples and comparative examples are incorporated into a pure hydrogen fuel cell single cell are as follows.
- the fuel was hydrogen gas and the oxidizing agent was pure oxygen.
- the cell temperature was 50 ° C. Operation with an electric load density of 0.1 lAZcm 2 was performed, and the voltage and output characteristics were measured.
- the operating conditions when the MEAs produced using the electrolyte membranes obtained in the examples and comparative examples are directly incorporated into a single methanol fuel cell are as follows. 2mol of fuel A methanol aqueous solution and an oxidizing agent were pure oxygen. The cell temperature was 70 ° C. Operation was performed with an electric load density of 0.1 lAZcm 2 using an electronic loader, and the voltage and output characteristics were measured.
- the weight increase rate ⁇ at the time of filling was calculated by the following formula C, where the dry weight of the porous substrate before filling the electrolyte was defined as mb after the dry weight after ma filling.
- the electrolyte membrane was placed in a gas permeation tester with the electrolyte membrane placed in an atmosphere of 30 ° C and 50% humidity. One side of the membrane is kept in a vacuum state, the other membrane side is filled with hydrogen gas at 30 ° C, the time-dependent change in the degree of vacuum on the vacuum side is measured, and hydrogen permeated through the volume capacity on the vacuum side. The gas volume was calculated.
- the operating conditions when the MEAs prepared using the electrolyte membranes obtained in the Examples, Reference Examples and Comparative Examples are incorporated into a pure hydrogen fuel cell single cell are as follows.
- the fuel was hydrogen gas and the oxidant was pure oxygen.
- the voltage was measured while changing the maximum power density.
- Norbornene ring-opening polymer powder manufactured by Watofina, France, Northolex NB, weight average molecular weight 2 million or more
- thermoplastic elastomer Suditomo Chemical TPE824
- weight average molecular weight 150 A polymer composition consisting of 81% by weight of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene 81 parts by weight and 84 parts by weight of liquid paraffin are mixed uniformly in a slurry, and dissolved at a temperature of 160 ° C for about 60 minutes using a small-size hood. Kneaded. Thereafter, these kneaded materials were sandwiched between rolls or metal plates cooled to 0 ° C.
- the hot grease is heat-pressed at a temperature of 115 ° C until the sheet thickness reaches 0.5 mm, and simultaneously biaxially stretched 4.5 x 4.5 times in length and width at a temperature of 115 ° C, and heptane is added. Used to remove the solvent. Thereafter, the obtained microporous film was heat-treated in air at 85 ° C. for 6 hours, and then heat-treated at 116 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a porous substrate A-1 according to the present invention. This porous substrate had a thickness of 17 m and a porosity of 39%.
- VSA Vinylsulfonic acid
- aqueous solution in which a mixed monomer of 9 Omol% and crosslinking agent: methylenebisacrylamide 1 Omol% is diluted to 80 wt% with water.
- a solution was prepared by adding 1 mol% of a water-soluble azo initiator (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, V-50) to 100 mol% of the total amount of VSA and methylenebisacrylamide.
- the film substrate A-1 was immersed in this solution, irradiated with visible light for 6 minutes, and then heated in a 50 ° C. oven for 18 hours.
- FIG. 1 shows the NMR chart of vinyl sulfonic acid used in this example (FT-NMR: according to LA400 manufactured by JEOL), and it was confirmed that the amount of impurities was very small.
- aqueous solution obtained by diluting a mixed monomer of sodium bululsulfonate (90 mol%) and 10 mol% of the cross-linking agent methylenebisacrylamide with water to 50 wt%
- a solution was prepared by adding 1 mol% of a water-soluble azo initiator (V-50, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) to 100 mol% of the total amount of VSA and methylenebisacrylamide.
- V-50 water-soluble azo initiator
- Membrane base material A-1 was immersed in this solution, irradiated with visible light for 6 minutes, and then heated in an oven at 50 ° C for 18 hours, but polymerization did not proceed and membrane B-3 was not obtained.
- a mixed monomer was diluted to 50 wt% with water.
- An aqueous solution was prepared, and a solution was prepared by adding 1 mol% of a water-soluble azo initiator (V-50, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) to 100 mol% of the total amount of ATBS and methylenebisacrylamide.
- V-50 water-soluble azo initiator
- the membrane substrate A-1 was immersed in this solution, irradiated with visible light for 6 minutes, and then heated in an oven at 50 ° C. for 18 hours. Then, excess polymer on the surface of the membrane was removed, washed thoroughly with distilled water, and further dried in an oven at 50 ° C to obtain membrane B-4.
- the proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of this membrane were obtained by measurement.
- Nafionl 15 (DuPont) was used as membrane B-5. The proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of this membrane were obtained by measurement.
- Nafion211 (DuPont) was used as membrane B-6. The proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of this membrane were obtained by measurement.
- Table 1 shows the film characteristics obtained in the above examples and the like.
- FIG. 2 shows the output voltage results in the fuel cell test using pure hydrogen gas of Example 2 and Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 3 shows the output voltage results in the fuel cell test using methanol of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2 and 4.
- the electrolyte membrane obtained by the present invention has superior proton conductivity compared to a Nafion membrane often used as a fluorine-based electrolyte membrane and a copolymer containing a small amount of a sulfonic acid component. It can be seen that high output can be obtained in fuel cells using methanol or hydrogen as fuel. Further, from the result of Comparative Example 1, it can be understood that the polymerization does not proceed sufficiently even when the polymerization is carried out after impregnating the low-purity sulfonic acid which is generally sold.
- VSA Vinylsulfonic acid
- Asahi Kasei Finechem purity 98%, while maintaining 20% by weight of a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.5% by weight at 20 ° C or lower.
- the above membrane base material A-1 is immersed in this solution, further degassed by depressurization, irradiated with visible light for 6 minutes, and then heated in an oven at 50 ° C for 18 hours to obtain an electrolyte. A monomer polymerization treatment was performed.
- Nafion 115 (DuPont) was used as membrane C-15.
- the proton conductivity, hydrogen gas permeability coefficient, and maximum battery output of this membrane were obtained by measurement.
- Nafion 211 (DuPont) was used as membrane C-16.
- the proton conductivity, hydrogen gas permeability coefficient, and maximum battery output of this membrane were obtained by measurement.
- Table 2 shows the film characteristics obtained in the examples.
- the electrolyte membrane obtained by the present invention is a fluorine-based electrolyte membrane. Compared to the frequently used Nafion membranes (Comparative Examples 5 to 6), it has excellent proton conductivity, high V, and hydrogen gas permeation prevention performance. An excellent fuel cell having high output characteristics can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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US11/720,742 US7785751B2 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2005-11-29 | Production method of electrolyte membrane, electrolyte membrane and solid polymer fuel cell using same |
EP05811703A EP1833111A4 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2005-11-29 | ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE AND FESTPOLYMER FUEL CELL THEREWITH |
CN2005800410005A CN101069313B (zh) | 2004-12-03 | 2005-11-29 | 电解质膜的制造方法、电解质膜以及使用该电解质膜的固体高分子型燃料电池 |
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JP2004351572 | 2004-12-03 | ||
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JP2005-002352 | 2005-01-07 | ||
JP2005002352 | 2005-01-07 |
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Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US7785751B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1833111A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20070086373A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006059582A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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WO2009119806A1 (ja) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | 旭化成ファインケム株式会社 | ビニルスルホン酸、その重合体及びその製造方法 |
US20110059387A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-03-10 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Highly proton conductive crosslinked vinylsulfonic acid polymer electrolyte composite membranes and its preparation method for polymer electrolyte fuel cells |
WO2011073637A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-23 | Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe Bv | Curable compositions and membranes |
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US8642228B2 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2014-02-04 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Polymer electrolyte membrane and fuel cell using the polymer electrolyte membrane |
KR100647287B1 (ko) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-11-23 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 폴리머 전해질막 및 이를 채용한 연료전지 |
FR2917733B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-22 | 2011-05-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Particules inorganiques organomodifiees, procede de preparation de celles-ci et utilisation dans un materiau composite pour membrane de pile a combustible. |
KR101109143B1 (ko) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-02-15 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 무수 전해질에 의한 가교 고분자 전해질 복합막의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 고분자전해질 연료전지 시스템 |
JP2013093260A (ja) | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-16 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 燃料電池用電解質膜とその製造方法、膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池 |
CA2866300C (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2015-08-18 | Saltworks Technologies Inc. | Resilient anion exchange membranes prepared by polymerizing ionic surfactant monomers |
US9416239B2 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2016-08-16 | Saltworks Technologies Inc. | Acrylamide-based crosslinking monomers, their preparation, and uses thereof |
US9890467B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-02-13 | Biotectix Llc | Implantable electrode comprising a conductive polymeric coating |
EP2997581A4 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2017-05-03 | Biotectix LLC | Impregnation of a non-conductive material with an intrinsically conductive polymer |
KR20240097003A (ko) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-27 | 더블유스코프코리아 주식회사 | 고분자 전해질막 및 그 제조방법 |
CN117013058B (zh) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-01-12 | 广东工业大学 | 基于金属-有机框架的固态电解质及其制备方法与应用 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1833111A4 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
EP1833111A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
KR20070086373A (ko) | 2007-08-27 |
US20090297909A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
US7785751B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 |
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