WO2006027944A1 - スチレン改質直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン系樹脂粒子、スチレン改質直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子、それらの製造方法、予備発泡粒子及び発泡成形体 - Google Patents
スチレン改質直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン系樹脂粒子、スチレン改質直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子、それらの製造方法、予備発泡粒子及び発泡成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006027944A1 WO2006027944A1 PCT/JP2005/015152 JP2005015152W WO2006027944A1 WO 2006027944 A1 WO2006027944 A1 WO 2006027944A1 JP 2005015152 W JP2005015152 W JP 2005015152W WO 2006027944 A1 WO2006027944 A1 WO 2006027944A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- styrene
- weight
- density polyethylene
- parts
- resin particles
- Prior art date
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- XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J dimagnesium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- UUMKDFIEIRWWBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-(2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)silane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C1C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C UUMKDFIEIRWWBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000869 magnesium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002794 monomerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MFPOFDJUVPMLCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L tert-butylazanide;zirconium(3+);dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zr+3].CC(C)(C)[NH-] MFPOFDJUVPMLCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L titanium(ii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+2] ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006540 α-FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/18—Making expandable particles by impregnating polymer particles with the blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing more than three carbon atoms
- C08L23/0815—Copolymers of ethene with aliphatic 1-olefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Definitions
- Styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene resin particles styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene expandable resin particles, production methods thereof, pre-expanded particles, and foamed molded products
- the present invention relates to a styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based resin particle, a styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based expandable resin particle, a production method thereof, pre-expanded particles, and a foamed molded article About.
- a foam of polyethylene-based resin is used as a packaging material because it has high elasticity and excellent oil resistance and impact resistance.
- it has disadvantages such as low rigidity and low compressive strength.
- styrene-based resin foams are excellent in rigidity but have the disadvantage of being brittle.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-46138
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-10150
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-53003
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-59642 proposes a method of obtaining a styrene-modified polyethylene-based expandable resin particle by impregnating a polyethylene-based resin with a styrene monomer and performing polymerization. Has been.
- the polyethylene resin used in these methods is mostly low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, etc., and the dispersion of the styrene monomer in the polyethylene resin is insufficient. . For this reason, it was necessary to crosslink the polyethylene-based resin in order to obtain sufficient impact resistance.
- Patent Document 5 100 parts by weight of non-crosslinked, linear low-density polyethylene-based resin particles, 5 to 300 parts by weight of a bull aromatic monomer, and 100 parts by weight of the monomer 1 to 3 parts by weight of a polymerization initiator per part is dispersed in an aqueous medium, and the resulting suspension is heated to a temperature at which the polymerization of the monomer does not substantially occur. After impregnating the inside and the surface of the fat particles, the temperature is increased to polymerize the monomer, and the vinyl aromatic polymer is microdispersed in polyethylene-based resin.
- Patent Document 5 100 parts by weight of non-crosslinked, linear low-density polyethylene-based resin particles, 5 to 300 parts by weight of a bull aromatic monomer, and 100 parts by weight of the monomer 1 to 3 parts by weight of a polymerization initiator per part is dispersed in an aqueous medium, and the resulting suspension is heated to a temperature at which the polymerization of the monomer does not substantially occur. After
- Density polyethylene-based resin particles (Ultzettas 3021F manufactured by Mitsui Engineering Co., Ltd.) are linear low density polyethylene obtained by polymerization using a general Ziegler Natta catalyst.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-46138
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-10150
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-53003
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-59642
- Patent Document 5 Patent No. 2668384
- an inorganic nucleating agent is used for polyethylene-based resin, so that the obtained modified resin particles have styrene in the vicinity of the surface portion of the particles.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based resin particle that provides a foamed molded article having extremely excellent strength.
- the inventors of the present invention earnestly based on the knowledge that it is necessary to disperse the styrene-based resin in the center of the particles in order to exhibit such high impact resistance. investigated.
- the linear low density polymer polymerized using the metacene compound as a catalyst.
- a styrene-based monomer is added to the resin particles and a styrene monomer is added to the resin particles, and then the polymer is polymerized at a temperature 10 to 35 ° C. higher than the crystallization peak temperature, only near the surface of the particles. It was also found that styrene-based resin can be dispersed in the form of particles even in the vicinity of the center.
- a non-crosslinked, linear, low-density polyethylene-based polymer polymerized in an aqueous suspension containing a dispersant using a meta-octene compound as a catalyst and containing an inorganic nucleating agent.
- a non-crosslinked, linear, low-density polyethylene-based polymer containing an inorganic nucleating agent is polymerized in an aqueous suspension containing a dispersant using a meta-octene compound as a catalyst.
- a non-crosslinked, linear, low-density polyethylene-based polymer that is polymerized in an aqueous suspension containing a dispersant using a meta-octene compound as a catalyst and contains an inorganic nucleating agent.
- a method for producing styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based expandable resin particles which comprises a step of impregnating the resin particles during or after polymerization with a volatile foaming agent.
- a non-crosslinked, linear, low-density polyethylene-based polymer that is polymerized in an aqueous suspension containing a dispersant using a meta-octene compound as a catalyst and that contains an inorganic nucleating agent.
- the first polymerization per 100 parts by weight of polyethylene-based resin particles Total 50 to 800 parts by weight of the styrene-based monomer used in the second polymerization) Provided is a method for producing styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based expandable resin particles, which comprises a step of impregnating the resin particles during or after polymerization with a volatile foaming agent.
- a styrene resin per 100 parts by weight of a non-crosslinked, linear low-density polyethylene resin polymerized using a meta-octene compound as a catalyst is contained.
- the styrene-based resin is dispersed in the form of particles and the particles A styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based resin particle is provided.
- styrene resin is volatilized per 100 parts by weight of non-crosslinked, linear low-density polyethylene resin polymerized by using a metallocene compound as a catalyst.
- the styrene-based resin is dispersed in the form of particles.
- Styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based expandable resin particles having a particle size of 8 m or less are provided.
- pre-expanded particles having a bulk density of 10 to 300 kgZm 3 obtained by pre-expanding the styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based expandable resin particles.
- a foam molded article having a density of 10 to 3 OOkgZm 3 obtained by foam molding of the pre-foamed particles.
- the present invention relates to a step of polymerizing a polyethylene-based resin particle containing an inorganic nucleating agent and polymerized using a meta-mouth compound as a catalyst, and carrying out polymerization at a specific temperature.
- This makes it possible to produce modified resin particles in which styrene-based resin is dispersed in the form of particles not only near the surface but also near the center. It is possible to obtain a styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based resin particle and a styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based resin particle that give a foamed molded article having high physical properties and particularly excellent impact resistance. it can.
- the styrene-based monomer is added in a state where the polymerization has progressed to some extent, and a specific temperature is added.
- the impregnation and the polymerization are performed simultaneously, the generation of polymer powder is reduced, and the foamed particles can be obtained with a high styrene-based resin content ratio.
- Fig. 1 is a TEM photograph of a cross section of a surface layer portion of the modified resin particles of Example 1 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a TEM photograph of a cross-section at the center of the modified resin particles of Example 1 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a TEM photograph of a cross section of the surface layer of the modified resin particles of Example 2 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a TEM photograph of the cross section of the center part of the modified resin particles of Example 2 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram obtained by tracing the TEM photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a TEM photograph of a cross section of the surface layer of the modified resin particles of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a TEM photograph of a cross-section at the center of the modified resin particle of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 8 is a TEM photograph of the cross section of the surface layer of the modified resin particles of Comparative Example 7.
- FIG. 9 is a TEM photograph of a cross-section at the center of the modified resin particles of Comparative Example 7.
- a styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based resin particle obtained by the production method of the present invention contains an inorganic nucleating agent and is a meta-mouth composite compound.
- Non-crosslinked, linear, low-density polyethylene-based resin particles (hereinafter, simply referred to as polyethylene-based resin particles) polymerized using styrene as a catalyst are particles of styrene-based resin impregnated and polymerized. It is the particle
- the styrene modified linear low density polyethylene-based expandable resin particles are particles obtained by adding a volatile foaming agent to the above-mentioned base resin.
- the polyethylene-based resin particles used in the present invention are particles containing a polyethylene-based resin polymerized using a meta-mouth compound as a catalyst and an inorganic nucleating agent.
- Examples of the metallocene compound include known metallocene compounds used for polymerization of ethylene monomers.
- a metacene compound containing a tetravalent transition metal element can be suitably used.
- metaguchicene compounds containing a tetravalent transition metal may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, for example, it may be used in combination with a cocatalyst such as methylaluminoxane or boron compound.
- Examples of the polyethylene resin include a homopolymer of ethylene and a copolymer of ethylene and a-olefin.
- Examples of a-olefin include propylene, 1-butene, 1 pentene, 1-hexene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1 pentene, 4,4 dimethyl-1 pentene, 1 heptene, 1-octene and the like. Of these, 1-butene and 1-hexene are preferred. These hyolefins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the constituent ratio of ethylene and a-olefin may vary as appropriate according to the desired physical properties, but is preferably in the range of 1: 0.01 to 0.1 (weight ratio). Note that low density means a range of about 0.910 to 0.925 gZml.
- the polyethylene-based resin polymerization method uses a meta-cene compound as a catalyst.
- a gas phase polymerization method can be used, and ethylene and ⁇ -olefin can be used.
- a solution polymerization method using an inert medium, a bulk polymerization method or a gas phase polymerization method without substantially an inert medium, and the like can be mentioned.
- the polyethylene-based resin preferably has a molecular weight distribution (MwZMn) of 1.5 to 3.5 measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography).
- MwZMn molecular weight distribution
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Non-crosslinked, linear polyethylene-based resins polymerized using a meta-silicon compound as a catalyst include the FMRN series manufactured by Nippon Car Company, and the ABOLYU F series manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , The Mitsui Chemicals's Eboliue series, Dow Chemical's affiliate PL series, and the like.
- polymers or copolymers may be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- specific examples thereof include low-density polyethylene having crosslinked and Z or branched chains, high-density polyethylene, ethylene'propylene copolymer, ethylene'butyl acetate copolymer or ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, and two or more of these. Can be listed.
- the inorganic nucleating agent for example, talc, silica, My strength, clay, zeolite, calcium carbonate and the like can be used.
- the amount of the inorganic nucleating agent used is preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 1.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyethylene-based resin particles. If it is less than 1 part by weight, it is difficult to disperse the styrene-based resin having a particle size of 0.8 m or less in the polyethylene-based resin in the form of particles. If it exceeds 2 parts by weight, the strength of the foamed molded product tends to decrease, such being undesirable.
- a colorant if necessary, a flame retardant, an antioxidant may be used.
- additives such as an ultraviolet absorber may be contained.
- any of inorganic and organic colorants can be used as the colorant.
- inorganic colorants such as iron oxide and carbon black are preferred.
- iron oxide examples include ⁇ -FeOOH (hydrous crystal) as a yellow type, ⁇ -FeO as a red type, and (FeO) x (Fe 2 O) y as a black type.
- part of Fe may be replaced with other metals such as Zn and Mg. Further, these iron oxides may be mixed and used in order to obtain a desired color. Among these, Fe 2 O contained in black (FeO) x (Fe 2 O 3) y is preferable.
- the iron oxide preferably has an average particle size of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 to 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter can be measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (Rodos manufactured by JEOL Ltd.).
- Iron oxide is preferably contained in the polyethylene-based resin particles in the range of 1.5 to 70% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5 to 40% by weight. A weight percentage range is even more preferred That's right. 1. If it is less than 5% by weight, the polyethylene-based resin particles may not be sufficiently colored. When it is more than 70% by weight, it is difficult to mix in polyethylene-based resin particles, and the specific gravity of acid-iron is larger than that of polyethylene-based resin, so that the polyethylene-based resin particles become heavier and styrene-based. It is preferable that it is difficult to uniformly impregnate the monomer.
- Examples of carbon black include furnace black, channel black, thermal black, acetylene black, graphite, and carbon fiber.
- the carbon black is preferably contained in the range of 1 to 50% by weight in the polyethylene-based resin particles, and more preferably in the range of 2 to 30% by weight. If it is less than 1% by weight, the polyethylene-based resin particles may not be sufficiently colored. If it is more than 50% by weight, it is not preferable because it is difficult to mix in polyethylene-based resin particles.
- styrene-based resin examples include those derived from monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, butyltoluene, black styrene, and the like.
- the amount of styrene resin is 50 to 800 parts by weight, preferably 100 to 700 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of polyethylene resin. If it is less than 50 parts by weight, the characteristic that the rigidity of the styrene-based resin is good is hardly exhibited. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 800 parts by weight, the properties such as high oil resistance and impact resistance, which are high in elasticity of the polyethylene resin, are hardly exhibited. Furthermore, the styrene monomer is not sufficiently absorbed in the polyethylene resin, and a polymer powder is produced in which the styrene monomer itself is polymerized alone.
- the modified rosin particles and expandable particles in which the amount of styrene-based resin is 300 parts by weight or more are modified by the conventional method. In the present invention, it can be obtained.
- volatile blowing agent for example, hydrocarbons such as propane, ⁇ -butane, isobutane, pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, hexane and the like are used alone or in combination. It can be done.
- hydrocarbons such as propane, ⁇ -butane, isobutane, pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, hexane and the like are used alone or in combination. It can be done.
- the content of the foaming agent is preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin (the total of polyethylene-based resin and styrene-based resin) constituting the expandable particles.
- the modified resin particles and expandable particles are cylindrical, substantially spherical or spherical, with an LZD of 0.6 to 1.6 when the particle length is L and the average diameter is D.
- the average particle size is preferably 0.3 to 3. Om m.
- the shape is more preferably approximately spherical or spherical to improve the filling property.
- the average particle size is less than 0.3 mm, the retention of the foaming agent is lowered, and it is difficult to reduce the density, which is not preferable. 3. If it exceeds Omm, not only is the filling property worse, but it is also difficult to make the foamed molded product thinner, which is not preferable.
- each particle in the cross section of each particle, modified resin particles in which a styrene resin is dispersed in a particle state of a specific size as described below in a polyethylene resin. And expandable particles.
- each particle has a styrene-based resin in the form of a particle in the polyethylene-based resin in the surface layer portion having a surface force of at least 5 ⁇ m and the central portion from the center to a radius of 5 ⁇ m. It is possible to provide the modified resin particles and the expandable particles in a state dispersed in the particles.
- particulate styrene-based resin becomes a continuous phase, and as a result, when the particle diameter exceeds 0.8 ⁇ m, This is not preferable because no significant improvement in impact is observed.
- the styrene-based resin has a state of being dispersed in the form of particles having a particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or less, in the polyethylene-based resin.
- the lower limit of the particle size of particulate styrene-based resin (hereinafter referred to as styrene-based resin particles) is about 0.01 ⁇ m.
- the styrene-based resin can be dispersed in a particle state in the surface layer portion and the center portion of the particle.
- the particle size of the styrene-based resin particles in the surface layer portion of each particle is preferably 0.01 to 0.0, more preferably 0.01 to 0.6 / ⁇ ⁇ , and even more preferably. Is 0.03-0. ⁇ ⁇ It is. On the other hand, the particle size of styrene-based resin particles at the center of both particles is 0.01 to 0.
- it is from 0.0 to 0.6 / ⁇ ⁇ , and more preferably from 0.05 to 0.55 / z m.
- Disperse ⁇ 0.9 part by weight of a polymerization initiator Disperse ⁇ 0.9 part by weight of a polymerization initiator.
- a styrene monomer and a polymerization initiator may be mixed in advance.
- Examples of the aqueous medium constituting the aqueous suspension include water and a mixed medium of water and a water-soluble solvent (for example, lower alcohol).
- the dispersant is not particularly limited, and any known dispersant can be used. Specific examples include hardly soluble inorganic substances such as calcium phosphate, magnesium pyrophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, and magnesium oxide. Also, use a surfactant such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
- Polyethylene-based resin particles can be obtained by a known method. For example, a polyethylene-based resin and an inorganic nucleating agent, together with additives as necessary, are melt-kneaded in an extruder and extruded to obtain a strand. The resulting strand is cut in air, The method of granulation is mentioned by cutting with heat and cutting.
- the polyethylene-based resin particles are cylindrical, substantially spherical or spherical with an LZD of 0.6 to 1.6 when the length of the particle is L and the average diameter is D, and the average particle diameter is It is preferably 0.2 to 1.5 mm. If the LZD is less than 0.6 or greater than 1.6, that is, the flatness is high, the pre-expanded particles of styrene-modified expandable particles are filled in the mold to obtain a foamed molded product. It is not preferable because the mold filling property is likely to deteriorate. Further, the shape is more preferably approximately spherical or spherical to improve the filling property.
- the average particle size is less than 0.2 mm, the retention of the foaming agent is lowered, and it is difficult to reduce the density, which is not preferable. 1. If it exceeds 5 mm, not only is the filling property worse, but the thin-walled foam of the foamed molded product tends to be difficult, which is not preferable.
- polymerization initiator those generally used as an initiator for suspension polymerization of a styrene monomer can be used.
- di-t-butyl peroxide t-butyl
- t-butyl Such as monooxybenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5 dimethyl-2,5 di-tert-butyl carboxylhexane, t-butylperoxy 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxide 2-ethylhexyl carbonate, etc. It is an organic peroxide.
- These polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.1 to 0.9 parts by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the styrene monomer. If it is less than 1 part by weight, it takes too much time to polymerize the styrene monomer, which is not preferable. Use of a polymerization initiator exceeding 0.9 part by weight is not preferable because the molecular weight of the styrene-based resin is lowered and impact resistance is lowered.
- the molecular weight of the styrene-based resin is preferably about 200,000 to 500,000, but when the amount of the polymerization initiator used exceeds 0.9 parts by weight, the molecular weight is less than this. Can only be obtained.
- styrene monomer 50 to 800 parts by weight of styrene monomer is added per 100 parts by weight of polyethylene-based resin particles, preferably dispersed under stirring, and the resulting dispersion does not substantially polymerize the styrene monomer. Heat to temperature to impregnate polyethylene-based resin particles with styrene-based monomer.
- the crystallization peak temperature of the polyethylene-based resin particles is T ° C
- the styrene-based monomer is polymerized at a temperature of (T + 10) to (T + 35) ° C.
- the polymerization temperature is less than (T + 10) ° C.
- the styrene-based resin cannot be dispersed in the form of particles in the vicinity of the center of the modified resin particle, which is not preferable.
- a temperature exceeding (T + 35) ° C. is not preferable because aggregated particles in which particles are coalesced are generated.
- Modified resin particles can be obtained by the above-described steps. Further, the expandable particles can be obtained by impregnating the modified rosin particles during or after the polymerization with a volatile foaming agent. it can. This impregnation can be performed by a method known per se. For example, the impregnation during the polymerization can be carried out by conducting the polymerization reaction in a sealed container and press-fitting a volatile foaming agent into the container. Impregnation after the completion of polymerization is performed by press-fitting a volatile foaming agent in a sealed container.
- Modified resin particles and expandable particles having good characteristics can be obtained by the above method.
- the amount of the styrene monomer exceeds 300 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyethylene resin particles, the styrene resin The polymer powder of fat tends to increase.
- the styrene monomer exceeds 300 parts by weight, it is preferable to impregnate the polyethylene resin particles in two stages as follows in order to reduce the generation of polymer powder. .
- the obtained dispersion is heated to a temperature at which the styrenic monomer is not substantially polymerized to impregnate the polyethylene-based resin particles with the styrenic monomer.
- the first polymerization of the styrenic monomer is performed at a temperature of (T + 10;) to (T + 35) ° C.
- a styrene monomer and 0.1 to 0.9 parts by weight of a polymerization initiator per 100 parts by weight of the styrene monomer are added to the reaction liquid for the first polymerization, and the low-density polyethylene resin is added.
- the crystallization peak temperature of the particles is T ° C
- the low-density polyethylene-based resin particles are impregnated with the styrenic monomer by setting the temperature to (T + 10) to (T + 35) ° C. Polymerization of 2 is performed.
- the total amount of styrenic monomers used in the first polymerization and the second polymerization is 50 to 800 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyethylene-based resin particles. Note that It is also possible to mix a styrene monomer and a polymerization initiator.
- the second addition of the styrenic monomer and the polymerization initiator may be continuous or intermittent. However, in order to more effectively prevent the formation of the polymer powder, the addition to the interior of the polyethylene resin particles It is preferable to perform the impregnation and the polymerization almost simultaneously. Since the polymerization is performed at a relatively high temperature, if the addition rate is too fast, the polymerization proceeds before impregnation, which is not preferable. For example, the addition rate is preferably 30 to: LOO parts by weight Z time.
- the modified rosin particles can be obtained by the above process. Further, the foamable particles can be obtained by impregnating volatile foaming agents in the resin particles during or after the polymerization in the same manner as described above. This impregnation can be carried out by a method known per se as described in the Examples.
- the expandable particles can be made into pre-expanded particles by pre-expanding to a predetermined bulk density (for example, 10 to 300 kgZm 3 ) by a known method.
- a predetermined bulk density for example, 10 to 300 kgZm 3
- the method for measuring the bulk density is described in Examples.
- the foamed molded article can be obtained by filling the pre-expanded particles in a mold and heating them again to heat-fuse the expanded particles while foaming the pre-expanded particles.
- the density of the foamed molded product is preferably 10 to 300 kgZm 3 . 10 kg / m 3 than when the low density and can not lightweight I spoon sufficient strength is denser than 300 kg / m 3 Kugu to obtain sufficiently resilient such is one of the characteristics of the polyethylene-based ⁇ foam molded article It is preferable because there are cases where it cannot be demonstrated.
- the obtained foamed molded article is tough and particularly excellent in impact strength. In addition, because it is modified with styrene resin, it has high rigidity.
- the foamed molded article of the present invention can be used for various applications, and in particular, it can be suitably used for automobile interior materials, energy absorbing materials mounted inside a bumper, heavy packaging materials, and the like.
- a foamed molded article having a falling ball impact value of 80 cm or more is obtained. Is possible. It is possible to use even a molded body having a falling ball impact value of less than 80 cm. If the force is 80 cm or more, it can be particularly suitably used for an energy absorbing material that does not easily cause cracking. More preferably, it is 90 cm or more. In addition, the measurement method of the falling ball impact value is implemented. Described in the example.
- the crystallization peak temperature is measured according to JIS K7121 using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Specifically, the resin is set as a measurement sample in a DSC measurement container, heated to 280 ° C at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° CZ, held at 280 ° C for 10 minutes, and then room temperature (23 ° C Allow to cool until C), and then measure the crystallization peak temperature while raising the temperature again at a rate of 10 ° CZ.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- Injection concentration lOmgZlOmlODCB (injection volume 500 ⁇ 1)
- the density of the foamed molded product is measured by the method described in JIS A 9511: 1995 “Foamed plastic insulation board”.
- a sample is prepared by cutting a foamed molded product to a size of 215 x 40 x 20 mm. Next, after placing this sample on a pair of holding members arranged with a span of 155 mm, a predetermined height force is also applied to the center position in the width direction of the sample at the intermediate position of both holding members. Drop the steel ball and check for sample destruction.
- the maximum height at which the steel ball is dropped is set to 120 cm. Therefore, when the falling ball impact value exceeds 120 cm, the weight of the steel ball is changed to 534 g and 1044 g, and the falling ball impact value is measured in the same manner as described above. Convert to value.
- LLDPE (trade name “FMRN-063” manufactured by Nippon Car Company, Ltd., crystallization peak temperature: 101 ° C Noreto flow rate: 1.3 gZlO content, density: 0.914 gZcm 3 , molecular weight distribution (MwZMn): 2.77), LLDPE 100 parts by weight and talc 0.5 parts by weight were fed to the extruder. The feed is melt-kneaded and granulated by an underwater cutting method to produce an oval (egg) polyethylene. In this way, rosin-based resin particles were obtained. The average weight of the polyethylene-based resin particles was 0.6 mg.
- a suspension was obtained by dispersing 100.5 parts by weight of the polyethylene-based resin particles in a dispersion medium.
- the temperature of the dispersion was raised to 130 ° C. and held for 2 hours, and the styrene monomer was polymerized in the polyethylene-based resin particles to obtain modified resin particles.
- the obtained expandable particles were immediately supplied to a pre-foaming machine and pre-foamed by introducing steam at a pressure of 0.02 Mpa to obtain pre-foamed particles having a bulk density of 60 kgZm 3 .
- the pre-expanded particles are filled into the mold of the foam molding machine, and then steam is introduced to pre-expand.
- Bifoamed particles were foam-molded to obtain a foamed molded product having a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a density of 60 kgZm 3 and 300 X 400 X 50 mm.
- the ball drop impact value of the obtained molded product was measured, it was excellent at 250.5 cm.
- the temperature of the dispersion of the polyethylene-based resin particles is adjusted to 60 ° C, and the first styrene monomer containing the polymerization initiator is added in a constant amount over 30 minutes, and then the temperature is 60 ° C.
- the first styrene monomer was impregnated into the polyethylene-based resin particles by stirring for 1 hour.
- the temperature of the dispersion was raised to 130 ° C. and held for 2 hours, and the first styrene monomer was polymerized (first polymerization) in the polyethylene-based resin particles.
- foaming particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 with the amount of the foaming agent being 12, 14 and 16 parts by weight.
- the obtained expandable particles were also dispersed with styrene resin particles having a particle size of 0.05 to 0.35 m in the surface layer, and 0.06-0.
- Styrene resin particles were dispersed with a particle size of 4 m.
- a foamed molded product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and the falling ball impact value was measured.
- the molded product of Zm 3 14 parts by weight of blowing agent
- the molded product of Zm 3 was excellent at 175.5 cm.
- moldings with different densities of 30 kg / m (foaming agent amount: 16 parts by weight) and 150 kg / m 3 (foaming agent amount: 12 parts by weight) were prepared and the falling ball impact values were measured. It was excellent at 5cm.
- the particle size range is 0.06-0. 4 m. It was confirmed that.
- expandable particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the obtained expandable particles were also dispersed with styrene resin particles having a particle size of 0.05 to 0.3 m in the surface layer and 0.1 to 0.
- Styrene resin particles were dispersed with a particle size of 5 m.
- foam molding was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a black molded body having a density of 60 kgZm 3 .
- the falling ball impact value of this foam was measured, it was excellent at 125.5 cm.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 4 except that 3 parts by weight of carbon black particles were used in place of the acid pig iron particles, an oval (egg-like) black colored polyethylene-based resin particles were obtained.
- the average weight of the single bon black-containing polyethylene-based resin particles was 0.6 mg.
- Modified resin particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the obtained carbon black-containing polyethylene-based resin particles were used, and then expandable particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the dispersion state of the styrene resin in the obtained modified resin particles and expandable particles was observed by TEM in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the surface layer portion was 0.06-0.3 m. Styrene resin particles were dispersed with a particle size, and styrene resin particles were dispersed with a particle size of 0.1 to 0.55 m in the center.
- foam molding was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a black molded body having a density of 60 kgZm 3 .
- the falling ball impact value of this foam was measured, it was excellent at 155.5 cm.
- Modified resin particles and expandable particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 95 parts by weight of the styrene monomer and 5 parts by weight of the a-methylol styrene monomer were used.
- Example 7 a foamed molded product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and the falling ball impact value was measured. As a result, the molded product with a density of 6 OkgZm 3 was excellent at 245.5 cm. [0099] Example 7
- the first styrene monomer amount was 50 parts by weight
- the second styrene monomer amount was 350 parts by weight
- t-butyl peroxybenzoate was used as a polymerization initiator
- the polymerization temperature was 115 ° C.
- Modified resin particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, and then expandable particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the blowing agent was 14 and 16 parts by weight.
- a foamed molded product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and the falling ball impact value was measured.
- the molded product having a density of 6 OkgZm 3 (foaming agent amount: 14 parts by weight) was excellent at 155.5 cm.
- a molded body having a density of 30 kgZm 3 (amount of foaming agent of 16 parts by weight) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the falling ball value was measured, which was excellent at 120.5 cm.
- Modified inorganic resin particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the inorganic nucleating agent to be added was silica, dicumyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator was used, and the polymerization temperature was 140 ° C. In the same manner, expandable particles were obtained.
- Modified resin particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the amount of the first styrene monomer was 120 parts by weight and the amount of the second selenium monomer was 80 parts by weight. Foam particles were obtained.
- the dispersion state of styrene resin in the obtained modified resin particles and expandable particles was measured by TEM.
- the surface layer region from the surface to about 5 ⁇ m
- the center portion region from the center to a radius of about 5 ⁇ m
- Styrene resin particles with a particle size of ⁇ m were dispersed.
- Example 2 a foamed molded product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and the falling ball impact value was measured. As a result, a molded product having a density of 6 013 ⁇ 471111 3 was excellent at 215.5 cm.
- polymerization was performed at 135 ° C (first polymerization), and then the temperature of the reaction system was adjusted to 125 ° C.
- 50 parts by weight of the second styrene monomer in which 0.3 part by weight of dicumyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator was dissolved in 350 parts by weight of styrene monomer, was added to the reaction liquid for the first polymerization.
- Example 7 In the same manner as in Example 2, except that the second styrene monomer was impregnated in the resin particles and polymerized (second polymerization) by continuously dropping at a ratio of 1 part. Particles were obtained, and then expandable particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 7.
- Example 1 a foamed molded product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and the falling ball impact value was measured. As a result, the molded product having a density of 6 OkgZm 3 (foaming agent amount: 14 parts by weight) was excellent at 155.5 cm. . As in Example 1, when a molded body having a density of 30 kgZm 3 (amount of foaming agent of 16 parts by weight) was produced and the falling ball value was measured, it was excellent at 120.5 cm.
- Example 1 Next, to obtain a foamed molded in the same manner as in Example 1, was measured falling ball impact value, excellent and 155. 5 cm in moldings Density 6 Okg / m 3 (blowing agent amount 14 parts by weight) It was. As in Example 1, when a molded body having a density of 30 kgZm 3 (amount of foaming agent of 16 parts by weight) was produced and the falling ball value was measured, it was excellent at 120.5 cm.
- LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene-based resin
- TEZ-2032 crystallization peak temperature: 113 ° C, melt flow rate: manufactured by Nippon Carker Co., Ltd.
- MwZMn molecular weight distribution
- a foam molded article was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the falling ball impact value was measured. As a result, the molded article having a bulk density of 60 kgZm 3 was found to be 120.5 cm. As compared with the molded product of the same density containing
- Modified resin particles and expandable particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of styrene monomer used was 10 parts by weight.
- Resin particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1.0 part by weight of the polymerization initiator was used.
- the obtained resin particles contained a large amount of fine powder other than the modified resin particles.
- This fine powder was a styrene resin powder.
- the styrene resin powder is produced by polymerizing the styrene monomer before it is impregnated into the polyethylene resin. Therefore, it was impossible to modify the polyethylene-based resin with the target amount of styrene resin.
- the fine particles inhibit the foam particles from fusing with each other during foam molding, it was difficult to obtain a foam molded product for evaluating physical properties.
- Modified resin particles and expandable particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that benzoyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator was used and the polymerization temperature was 90 ° C.
- the dispersion state of the styrene resin in the resulting modified resin particles and expandable particles was observed with TEM.
- the particle size of the surface layer exceeded 1 ⁇ m.
- the styrene resin particles were dispersed.
- central force is also a region with a radius of up to about 5 m
- styrene resin was present in a state where some of the particles were continuous.
- the molded product of OkgZm 3 was inferior at 95.5 cm.
- dicumyl peroxide is used as a polymerization initiator
- the polymerization temperature is set to 130 ° C
- benzoyl peroxide is used as a polymerization initiator.
- Modified resin particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the temperature was 90 ° C, and then expandable particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- modified resin particles are obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 and then carried out. In the same manner as in Example 1, expandable particles were obtained.
- a foamed molded product having a density of 60 kgZm 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the falling ball value was measured, which was inferior to 120.5 cm.
- PE polyethylene resin
- SM styrene monomer
- MSM a-methylstyrene monomer
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Abstract
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KR1020067020589A KR100865205B1 (ko) | 2004-09-06 | 2005-08-19 | 스티렌 개질 직쇄상 저밀도 폴리에틸렌계 수지 입자,스티렌 개질 직쇄상 저밀도 폴리에틸렌계 발포성 수지입자, 그들의 제조방법, 예비 발포입자 및 발포 성형체 |
JP2006535098A JP4717001B2 (ja) | 2004-09-06 | 2005-08-19 | スチレン改質直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン系樹脂粒子、スチレン改質直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子、それらの製造方法、予備発泡粒子及び発泡成形体 |
EP05772811.5A EP1803752B1 (en) | 2004-09-06 | 2005-08-19 | Styrene-modified particle of linear low-density polyethylene resin, expandable styrene-modified particle of linear low-density polyethylene resin, processes for producing these, pre-expanded particle, and molded foam |
US11/659,466 US20070243365A1 (en) | 2004-09-06 | 2005-08-19 | Styrene-Modified Linear Low-Density Polythylene-Based Resin Beads, Styrene-Modified Linear Low-Density Polyethylene-Based Expandable Resin Beads, Production Method Therefor, Pre-Expanded Beads and Expanded Molded Article |
US13/230,568 US8592494B2 (en) | 2004-09-06 | 2011-09-12 | Styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based resin beads, styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based expandable resin beads, production method therefor, pre-expanded beads and expanded molded article |
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US13/230,568 Continuation US8592494B2 (en) | 2004-09-06 | 2011-09-12 | Styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based resin beads, styrene-modified linear low-density polyethylene-based expandable resin beads, production method therefor, pre-expanded beads and expanded molded article |
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2005
- 2005-08-19 CN CNB2005800271500A patent/CN100537624C/zh active Active
- 2005-08-19 US US11/659,466 patent/US20070243365A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-19 WO PCT/JP2005/015152 patent/WO2006027944A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-08-19 JP JP2006535098A patent/JP4717001B2/ja active Active
- 2005-08-19 EP EP05772811.5A patent/EP1803752B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-08-19 KR KR1020067020589A patent/KR100865205B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-08-31 TW TW94129868A patent/TWI310777B/zh active
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2011
- 2011-09-12 US US13/230,568 patent/US8592494B2/en active Active
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1990351A4 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2010-09-22 | Sekisui Plastics | PARTICULARS FROM STYRENE-MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE RESIN, EXPANDABLE PARTICLE FROM STYRENE-MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE RESIN, FOAMED PARTICLES FROM STYRENE-MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE RESIN, FOAM-MOLDED FIBERSTYLES FROM STYRENE-MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE RESIN AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION THEREOF |
EP1990351A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2008-11-12 | Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. | Styrene-modified polypropylene resin particle, expandable styrene-modified polypropylene resin particle, styrene-modified polypropylene resin foam particle, styrene-modified polypropylene resin foam molded body, and their production methods |
US8329294B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2012-12-11 | Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. | Styrene-modified polypropylene type resin particle, foamable styrene-modified polypropylene type resin particle, styrene-modified polypropylene type resin foamed particle, styrene-modified polypropylene type resin foamed molded product, and production methods thereof |
US8841353B2 (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2014-09-23 | Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. | Carbon-containing modified polystyrene type resin particle, foamable carbon-containing modified polystyrene type resin particle, carbon-containing modified polystyrene type resin foamed particle, carbon-containing modified polystyrene type resin foamed molded product, and production methods thereof |
JP2008266583A (ja) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-11-06 | Sekisui Plastics Co Ltd | カーボン含有改質ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子、発泡性カーボン含有改質ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子、カーボン含有改質ポリスチレン系樹脂発泡粒子、カーボン含有改質ポリスチレン系樹脂発泡成形体およびこれらの製造方法 |
JP2009242692A (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Sekisui Plastics Co Ltd | 発泡成形体及び基板搬送容器 |
JP2009275198A (ja) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-26 | Kaneka Corp | 難燃性ポリオレフィン系樹脂予備発泡粒子、その製造方法、および、難燃性ポリオレフィン系樹脂型内発泡成形体 |
JP2012214551A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Sekisui Plastics Co Ltd | 複合樹脂粒子、発泡性複合樹脂粒子、予備発泡粒子および発泡成形体 |
JP2013006966A (ja) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-01-10 | Sekisui Plastics Co Ltd | 複合樹脂粒子、発泡性複合樹脂粒子、予備発泡粒子及び発泡成形体 |
WO2013147040A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | 複合樹脂粒子、発泡性複合樹脂粒子、予備発泡粒子、発泡成形体及びバンパー用芯材 |
JP2015189911A (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-11-02 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | 直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン系樹脂粒子、複合樹脂粒子、発泡粒子及び発泡成形体 |
US10066072B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2018-09-04 | Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. | Composite resin particles, process for producing same, expandable beads, expanded beads, foamed molded object, and automotive interior trim |
JP2016180038A (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-10-13 | 株式会社ジェイエスピー | 発泡性複合樹脂粒子 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4717001B2 (ja) | 2011-07-06 |
TW200617079A (en) | 2006-06-01 |
KR20070032631A (ko) | 2007-03-22 |
KR100865205B1 (ko) | 2008-10-23 |
US8592494B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
CN100537624C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
EP1803752A1 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
EP1803752B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
US20070243365A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
EP1803752A4 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
US20120004337A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
JPWO2006027944A1 (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
TWI310777B (en) | 2009-06-11 |
CN101001897A (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
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