WO2006021131A1 - Amplification acp asymétrique, ses amorce et application spéciales - Google Patents

Amplification acp asymétrique, ses amorce et application spéciales Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006021131A1
WO2006021131A1 PCT/CN2004/001330 CN2004001330W WO2006021131A1 WO 2006021131 A1 WO2006021131 A1 WO 2006021131A1 CN 2004001330 W CN2004001330 W CN 2004001330W WO 2006021131 A1 WO2006021131 A1 WO 2006021131A1
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Prior art keywords
primer
pcr
amplification
pcr amplification
asymmetric
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PCT/CN2004/001330
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Zhiwei Zhang
Can Wang
Lingxiang Zhu
Qiong Zhang
Jing Chang
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Capitalbio Corporation
Tsinghua University
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Priority to JP2007528557A priority Critical patent/JP4833981B2/ja
Priority to US11/661,069 priority patent/US8735067B2/en
Priority to EP04797361A priority patent/EP2143805B1/en
Publication of WO2006021131A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006021131A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6844Nucleic acid amplification reactions
    • C12Q1/686Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a PCR amplification method and a primer and application thereof, in particular to an asymmetric PCR amplification method, and the asymmetric PCR primer and the application thereof in nucleic acid detection.
  • nucleic acid is the key substance for determining genetic information. By detecting whether there is some nucleic acid (s) and its sequence variation in the sample, it can be judged whether the test object carries a certain pathogen. Microorganisms and their resistance to disease, suffering from a disease or being in a certain genetic state. Therefore, nucleic acid analysis technology has been widely used in many fields of life science research, including identification, typing and drug resistance detection of pathogenic microorganisms; disease diagnosis and prognosis; HLA typing; SNP detection.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • RT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
  • SDA strand displacement amplification
  • RCA rolling circle replication
  • PCR technology is currently the most commonly used nucleic acid amplification technology.
  • agarose gel electrophoresis or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is commonly used for the detection of PCR products.
  • the PCR product can be hybridized with the probe in several ways: 1) Southern hybridization: The PCR product is electrophoresed, transferred to a membrane, and then hybridized to a labeled probe. The technique is specific, but it is complicated to operate and takes a long time. It is not suitable for parallel analysis of multiple indicators. 2) Forward point hybridization: The PCR product is immobilized on the surface of a solid phase carrier such as a membrane, and then hybridized with the probe. Since the PCR product needs to be purified, quantified, and immobilized first, the analysis time is often long and is not suitable for small sample size detection. 3) Reverse dot hybridization: The PCR product is hybridized with a probe previously immobilized on the surface of a solid phase carrier such as a membrane.
  • the hybridization support containing a large amount of probes can be prepared in one time, and the hybridization analysis can be carried out immediately after the end of PCR, which is convenient and rapid, and is suitable to be introduced in the form of a kit, and gradually developed into a gene chip technology.
  • gene chips play an important role in the field of nucleic acid analysis technology with their advantages of integration, micro-ification and automation.
  • gene chip technology has been developed relatively well and has been widely used in the field of nucleic acid analysis, and can be used for high-throughput parallel analysis of nucleic acids (Debouck and Goodfellow, Nature Genetics, 1999, 21 (Suppl.): 48- 50; Duggan et al, Nature Genetics, 1999, 21 (Suppl.): 10- 14; Gerhold et al, Trends Biochem. Sci., 1999, 24: 168-173; and Alizadeh et al., Nature, 2000,
  • Nucleic acid chips are used to rapidly analyze gene expression profiles in specific cases.
  • Nucleic acid microarrays can also be used to analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a region of up to 1 kb in a single experiment (Guo) Et al., Genome Res., 2002, . 12:447-57).
  • SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms
  • the first step is sample preparation, ie processing the sample, including treatment of serum, whole blood, saliva, Urine and feces to obtain nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), usually the amount of nucleic acid obtained from the sample is not enough for direct analysis, further amplification is required, such as PCR amplification;
  • the second step is nucleic acid hybridization, that is, Hybridization between the amplified sample and the probe immobilized on the chip;
  • the third step is to detect the hybridization signal, and the detection of the hybridization signal is usually based on the detection of a specific label, which can be in the process of amplification or hybridization. Introduced.
  • the signal detection method varies depending on the label used. For example, a fluorescent detector is used to detect fluorescent label molecules, and autoradiography is used to detect radiolabels. For biotin labeling and digoxin labeling, detection is often required. Enzymatic amplification reaction. Different signal amplification methods can be used based on actual requirements for detection sensitivity, such as Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) (Karsten et. al., Nucleic Acids Res., 2002, E4,) and branched DNA (Kricka, Clin. Chem., 1999, 45: 453-458) and so on.
  • TSA Tyramide Signal Amplification
  • the hybridization reaction of the target nucleic acid with the oligonucleotide probe immobilized on the surface of the chip is a core event for nucleic acid detection using a gene chip.
  • the target nucleic acid Prior to hybridization, the target nucleic acid is often subjected to PCR amplification, and then a single-stranded PCR product is prepared by denaturation or the like, and the single-stranded PCR product is hybridized and washed with the probe under appropriate stringency, and finally the hybridization signal is detected.
  • a variety of methods are available for preparing nucleic acid single strands for hybridization.
  • common methods include:
  • T7 reverse transcription uses a T7 promoter at the 5' end of a PCR primer to purify the PCR product as a template and reverse transcription to synthesize single-stranded RNA with T7 RNA polymerase (Hughes, et. aL, Nat. Biotechnol., 2001). , 19:342-347). Although the method has a high single-strand yield, it requires two steps, is inconvenient to operate, and requires strict control of RNase contamination.
  • DHPLC Chromatography
  • Magnetic bead capture method The amplified strand of the biotin-labeled primer was captured with streptavidin-coated magnetic beads, and then treated with NaOH to obtain a target single strand (Espelund, et. al, Nucleic. Acids Res., 1990, 18: 6157-6158).
  • the coated beads used in this method are relatively expensive.
  • Asymmetric PCR All of the above methods require additional processing after PCR, while asymmetric PCR can prepare DNA single strands while PCR amplification.
  • the results of one-step asymmetric PCR, magnetic bead capture, thermal denaturation and alkali denaturation were used to prepare DNA single strands for gene chip hybridization. It was found that both asymmetric PCR and magnetic bead capture methods have high hybridization sensitivity and specificity. Under the same hybridization conditions, thermal denaturation or alkali treatment may cause false negative hybridization results.
  • Asymmetric PCR is more practical in view of ease of operation and cost (Gao, et al, Analytical Letters, 2003, 33: 2849-2863).
  • asymmetric PCR technology generally has the following technical solutions - 1) asymmetric amplification using different concentrations of upstream and downstream primers. As the cycle increases, the amount is small The primers are gradually depleted, and the excess primers can continue to linearly amplify to generate a DNA single strand (Gyllensten and Erlich, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1988, 85: 7652-7656, ). There are also reports in China, how to redismplify the IGF-II gene for SNP detection with a ratio of 1:10 and 1:20 (He Zihong et al., Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 2002, 21:116-121); Li Shuangding et al.
  • Peng Xiaomou asymmetrically amplified the S gene of HBV with a 34-base upstream primer and a 20-base downstream primer.
  • the annealing temperature was increased, short primers could not be annealed, and long primers were long.
  • the reaction can be extended to achieve the purpose of preparing a single strand (Peng Xiaomou et al., Chinese Laboratory Diagnostics, 2002, 6: 206-208).
  • the primer sequences used in this method are all gene-specific, but because of the longer, the possibility of non-specific amplification is increased; it is more difficult to design primers for the amplification of primers with a wide range of SNP sites (such as the bacterial 16SrRNA gene).
  • the asymmetric PCR primer provided by the invention comprises a pair of pairs of PCR primers, and a primer tail of each of the pair of primer pairs is added with an oligonucleotide tail which is unrelated to the target sequence to be amplified.
  • the length of the oligonucleotide tail is generally between 8 and 40 bp; preferably 15 to 25 bp.
  • a universal primer is added to the asymmetric PCR primer, and the sequence of the universal primer is identical to at least 8 consecutive base sequences in the tail of the oligonucleotide, wherein preference is preferred.
  • the universal primer sequence is the same sequence as the base sequence of the oligonucleotide tail.
  • the concentration of the universal primer is higher than the concentration of the primer pair.
  • the asymmetric PCR amplification method using the asymmetric PCR primer of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1) pre-denaturation; 2) first partial PCR amplification of several denaturation, primer annealing and primer extension cycles; 3) several denaturation, A second part of the primer annealing and extension cycle PCR amplification, wherein one of the PCR primer pairs used in the primer extension has an oligonucleotide tail which is unrelated to the target sequence to be amplified.
  • primer extension reaction is generally performed.
  • step 2) the number of cycles of the first partial PCR amplification temperature cycle is 15-25; and step 3) the primer extension temperature is 60-75 °C.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of the asymmetric PCR amplification reaction of the present invention is shown in Figure 1.
  • sf-1, sr-1, and sf-2, sr-2 are specific primer pairs of target gene-1 and target gene-2, respectively. 5 'end and sr-1 sr-2 plus some general sequence; up to universal primer, whose sequence sr -l, the same general sequence of sr-2.
  • components such as DNA polymerase, dNTP, Mg 2+ and reaction buffer in the reaction solution are the same as ordinary PCR, and can be optimized according to different reactions.
  • the asymmetric PCR amplification reaction of the invention is divided into two parts.
  • the first part of the PCR amplification cycle is the same as the ordinary PCR, including denaturation, primer annealing and primer extension.
  • the annealing temperature can be adjusted according to the Tm value of the specific gene primer.
  • the extension time can also be adjusted according to the length of the amplified fragment, and both primers can be subjected to ordinary PCR amplification;
  • the second part of the PCR amplification loop primer has the same annealing temperature as the primer extension temperature, so only the denaturation and the primer extension are two.
  • the universal primers added in the asymmetric PCR reaction of the present invention mainly have the following effects: In the first partial PCR temperature cycle, it can participate in the amplification reaction after the second temperature cycle, and balance the expansion of different targets during multiplex amplification. Increasing efficiency; in the whole process of amplification, due to the higher concentration of universal primers, the concentration difference with the corresponding primers can be increased together with the primers with the oligonucleotide tail, which further facilitates asymmetric amplification and single Chain generation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an asymmetric PCR primer of the present invention for use in nucleic acid detection.
  • asymmetric PCR primer of the present invention By using the asymmetric PCR primer of the present invention, multiple asymmetric PCR amplification can be achieved, and detection of multiple target sequences can be conveniently performed by gene chip detection or other hybridization methods such as membrane hybridization.
  • the amplification product obtained by the asymmetric PCR amplification method of the present invention can adopt the following gene chip detection method: a reverse hybridization mode: the obtained asymmetric PCR amplification product is mixed with any effective hybridization buffer, after heat denaturation Hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe immobilized on a gene chip; or b positive hybridization mode: Purification of the obtained asymmetric PCR amplification product, immobilization on a surface of a suitable solid phase carrier to prepare a gene chip, and then using a nucleic acid probe Gene chip hybridization. After the hybridization is completed, the hybridization signal is detected using different labeling methods and signal detection methods, and the detection of the target sequence can be completed.
  • a reverse hybridization mode the obtained asymmetric PCR amplification product is mixed with any effective hybridization buffer, after heat denaturation Hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe immobilized on a gene chip
  • b positive hybridization mode Purification of the obtained asymmetric PCR
  • a universal sequence unrelated to the amplification of the target gene is added to the 5' end of a gene-specific primer of the PCR primer pair, so that the length of the primer can be varied (so that the primer pair has a large difference in Tm value), It can guarantee the "symmetry" of gene-specific sequences, increase the amplification efficiency of the initial PCR cycle, and reduce the difficulty of primer design;
  • a universal primer is added to the PCR primer.
  • the universal primer is the same as the common tail sequence added to the primer. Since there is only one universal primer, the imbalance of the upstream and downstream primers can be further increased in the number of primers;
  • the asymmetric PCR primers of the present invention can perform multiplex amplification very easily without complicated optimization, mainly for two reasons: First, since all primer pairs have one primer The same universal sequence, which increases the consistency of the primers, so that the amplification efficiency tends to be consistent, and on the other hand, the possibility of interaction between long primers is reduced; The balance of universal primers in the amplification process. If a pair of gene-specific primers have low amplification efficiency, more universal primers will participate in their subsequent amplification reactions. The lower the efficiency of gene-specific primer amplification, the more follow-up reactions the universal primers participate in; and vice versa. In this way, different target molecules can obtain more consistent amplification. Therefore, the universal primers play a balancing role in the multiplex PCR amplification process, so that all the gene-specific primers in the reaction system have similar amplification efficiencies.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric PCR amplification reaction of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an electrophoresis pattern of the PCR product of Example 1;
  • Figure 4A is a schematic representation of the positive signal of the hybridization reaction of S. aureus 26001 of Example 1;
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram showing the positive signal of the blank control hybridization reaction of Example 1;
  • FIG. 5 is the fluorescence detection result of the hybridization reaction of Example 1.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the probe of the embodiment 2;
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the results of fluorescence detection of the hybridization reaction of Example 2.
  • Example 1 Single asymmetric PCR amplification and its application in gene chip identification of Gram-positive bacteria
  • the primers and probes were synthesized by Shanghai Boya Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • the TAMRA fluorescent label at the 5' end of some primers and the 5' amino group modification of the probe were also completed by Shanghai Boya Biotechnology Company.
  • the target sequence of the gene-specific primer is the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and the amplified fragment is about 1.5 kb.
  • the types of primers and their nucleotide sequences are shown in Table 1.
  • PMB-0201041 tailed gene-specific downstream primer TCACTTGCTTCCGTTGAGGAAGGAGGTGATCCAGCC
  • the various oligonucleotide probes can specifically hybridize to different positions of the single-strand amplification product of the target bacteria, and the sequence is identical to the detection of a certain sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of the target bacteria.
  • the nucleotide sequence and detection target of some probes are shown in Table 2.
  • PBB-0201001 Bacterial General NH2-T12-GCTGCCTCCCGTAGGAGT
  • PBB-0201002 Staphylococcus aureus NH2-T 12-AGAAGCAAGCTTCTCGTCCG
  • PBB-0201024 Gram-positive bacteria NH2-T12-GGGCATGATGATTTGACGTC
  • PBB-0201075 Bacterial General NH2-T 12-GACGGGCGGTGTGTACA
  • the glass substrate was immersed in the wash solution and allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. Rinse with tap water to wash the acid on the glass substrate, rinse three times with distilled water, rinse once with deionized water, and rinse once with deionized water. The glass substrate was centrifuged and dried at 110 ° C for 15 minutes to thoroughly dry the glass substrate. The glass substrate was immersed in 1% APTES (isopropylaminotritriethoxysilane) in 95% ethanol and shaken gently for 1 hour at room temperature with a shaker. The treated glass substrate was rinsed with 95% ethanol, rinsed once and rinsed again.
  • APTES isopropylaminotritriethoxysilane
  • the probes in Table 3 were dissolved in 50% DMSO to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ .
  • the Cartesian spotting instrument (Cartesian Technologies, Inc., CA, USA) was spotted according to the pattern of Fig. 2 (9 X 9, 090QC in the figure is represented as probe PBB-0201090, and the rest is similar).
  • the spotted glass substrate was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight to dry the glass substrate, and then the glass substrate was immersed twice in 0.2% SDS at room temperature for 2 minutes, vibrating.
  • the glass substrate was rinsed twice with deionized water, rinsed once with deionized water, and centrifuged for thousands.
  • strain S. aureus 26001 used was purchased from the China Medical Bacterial Collection Management Center of the China National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products.
  • the composition of the PCR reaction system is shown in Table 3.
  • the total volume of the reaction was obtained by adding 1 or 2 L of sterile water (as a blank control) after shaking the glass beads of 1 . 25 ⁇ 1.
  • PCR was performed on a PTC-200 (MJ Research Inc.) thermal cycler, and systems A and B used the asymmetric PCR amplification thermal cycling procedure of Table 4; System C used the symmetric PCR amplification thermal cycling procedure of Table 5.
  • the PCR amplification product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, the agarose concentration was 1.5%, the sample loading was 2 ⁇ , and the voltage was 50 V/cm for 30 min.
  • the chip fluorescence signal was detected using a GenePix 4000B scanner (Axon Instruments, Inc., CA, USA) under the following conditions: wavelength, 532 nm ; PMT, 600; power, 33%.
  • lanes 1 and 1 1 are DL2000 Marker ( Takara) lanes 2, 3, and 4 are system A PCR products; lanes 5, 6, and 7 are system B PCR products; Lanes 8, 9, 10 are system C PCR products; in the PCR system of lanes 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 26001 bacteria solution was added; in the PCR system of lanes 4, 7, 10, sterile water was added as a blank. Control.
  • the three PCR systems can well amplify the about 1.5 kb double-stranded amplification product of the target nucleic acid, but only system A can see the obvious single-stranded amplification product.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the positive signal of the hybridization reaction of the present embodiment
  • Fig. 4A is a signal diagram of Staphylococcus aureus
  • Fig. 4B is a blank control signal diagram
  • Fig. 5 is a fluorescence detection result of the hybridization reaction of the present embodiment. Comparing Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, it can be seen that only the hybridization results of system A are in complete agreement with Fig. 4, while the expected positive signals in the hybridization results of the other two systems are only partially present. The possible reason is that the systems B and C are mainly prepared as double-stranded PCR products, and the hybridization may self-anneal, so that some probes do not have a positive signal or the positive signal is weak.
  • the PCR amplification temperature cycle is very efficient in preparing single-stranded amplification products, and the prepared single-stranded amplification product facilitates subsequent hybridization reactions, which greatly improves hybridization efficiency and hybridization signals.
  • the primers and probes used were synthesized by Shanghai Boya Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and some primers were 5'
  • TAMRA fluorescent labeling and probe 5' amino modification were also completed by Shanghai Boya Biotechnology Company.
  • the types, sequence information, target genes and amplified fragment lengths of the gene-specific primers are shown in Table 7, and two probes were designed for each target gene, and the sequence information is shown in Table 8.
  • the target genes tK and tetM are tetracycline resistance genes of Gram-positive bacteria
  • the target genes e rmA and er C are Gram-positive bacteria macrolide-lincomycin-chain yangmycin B resistance genes.
  • a strain of 23S rRNA gene Universal sequence as an internal control for monitoring PCR amplification and hybridization reactions ⁇ Table 7.
  • the preparation method was the same as in Example 1. 3. Prepare a glass substrate with a probe attached to the surface
  • the preparation method was the same as that in Example 1.
  • the probe used was the probe in Table 8, according to the pattern of Fig. 6 (6 X 6, 090QC is the quality control probe PBB-0201090, and the remaining probe number is PBB-0204XXX). Three) Spotted.
  • the strain used in this example was purchased from the unit shown in Table 9, and the method of bacterial culture and nucleic acid extraction was the same as in Example 1.
  • This example is a 5-fold asymmetric PCR amplification.
  • the composition of the PCR reaction system is as follows: IX MasterMix (Beijing Tianwei Times); 0.2 ⁇ /L of five pairs of gene-specific primers in Table 7; 1 ⁇ L universal primer PMB — 0408047 ; 1 Bacterial solution after shaking of the glass beads. The total product of the reaction is 25 L.
  • PCR was performed on a PTC-200 (MJ Research Inc.) thermal cycler using the asymmetric PCR amplification cycle procedure of Table 1.
  • the preparation and hybridization method of the hybridization reaction system, and the fluorescence detection of the hybridized chip are the same as the examples.
  • Figure ⁇ is the test result of the drug resistance gene of the strain 8 in the present example.
  • Staphylococcus aureus MRSA6581, Enterococcus faecalis TR1429 contains 1 Drug resistance gene
  • Staphylococcus aureus B437, Staphylococcus epidermidis TR2041 contains two drug resistance genes
  • Staphylococcus aureus B435, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA6460 contains Three drug resistance genes
  • Staphylococcus aureus MRSA6437 contains four drug resistance genes
  • Enterococcus faecium TR1887 contains no drug resistance genes.
  • PCR and hybridization control 23S rRNA genes of all strains have good amplification and strong hybridization signals, and contain 1, 2, 3 and 4 resistances.
  • the strain of the gene can obtain the correct positive signal and the hybridization signal is relatively uniform. This indicates that the asymmetric PCR amplification system and amplification temperature cycle of the present invention can be used very effectively for parallel detection of multiple genes.
  • the asymmetric PCR amplification method of the invention has high single-strand yield, is favorable for subsequent hybridization reaction, can greatly improve hybridization efficiency and hybridization signal; and can perform single or multiple PCR amplification under the same asymmetric conditions without complicated Optimization process.
  • the primer of the invention has simple design and convenient amplification operation, and can be widely applied to microbial identification, typing, and drug resistance gene detection by combining gene chip technology capable of high-throughput multi-index parallel analysis; disease diagnosis and prognosis; HLA typing; SNP Detection of the field of isogenic analysis.

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Description

一种不对称 PCR扩增方法及其专用引物与应用 技术领域
本发明涉及 PCR扩增方法及其引物与应用,特别是涉及一种不对称 PCR 扩增方法, 以及该不对称 PCR引物及其在核酸检测上的应用。
背景技术
随着生命科学研究的不断进展, 人们已经认识到核酸是决定遗传信息的 关键物质, 通过检测样品中是否存在某种 (些) 核酸及其序列变异, 就可以 判断出检测对象是否携带某种病原微生物及其抗药性、 患有某种疾病或处于 某种遗传状态等。 因此, 核酸分析技术已经广泛应用于生命科学研究的众多 领域, 包括病原微生物的鉴定、 分型和耐药性检测; 疾病诊断与预后; HLA 分型; SNP检测等。
由于通常从样品中获得的核酸量不足以直接用于分析, 因此, 进行核酸 分析前, 需对被检测核酸进行基因扩增。 扩增方法包括聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) , 反转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT-PCR) , 链置换扩增 (SDA) 以及滚 环复制 (RCA) 等 (Andras e a/., Mol. Biotechnol., 19:29-44, 2001 ) 。 其中, PCR技术是目前最常用的核酸扩增技术。有多种不同的方法可以用于 PCR产 物的分析。 例如, 琼脂糖凝胶电泳或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳就通常被用于 PCR 产物的检测, 电泳法尽管方便快速, 但特异性差, 对基因的突变分析难以完 成; 还有采用限制性内切酶分析 PCR产物, 但适用范围有限, 操作性较差而 灵敏度较低; 为了确证 PCR产物, 可以将其直接或克隆后进行序列分析, 序 列分析尽管精确, 但因其操作烦琐和成本高而实用性较差。 相比之下, PCR 产物与基因特异性核酸探针杂交, 是准确鉴定 PCR产物、 防止报告假阳性扩 增结果和进行基因突变或多态性分析有效而实用的方法。
PCR产物与探针可有以下几种方式杂交: 1 ) Southern杂交: 将 PCR产 物电泳后转移至膜上, 然后与标记探针杂交。 该技术特异性好, 但操作复杂, 耗时较长, 不适用于多指标的并行分析。 2) 正向点杂交: 将 PCR产物固定 在膜等固相载体的表面, 再与探针杂交。 由于需先将 PCR产物纯化、 定量和 固定等处理, 因此分析时间往往较长, 不适用于小样本量的检测。 3 )反向点 杂交: 将 PCR产物与预先固定在膜等固相载体表面上的探针杂交。 该技术可 以一次性制备含大量探针的杂交支持物, PCR结束后可立即进行杂交分析, 方便快速, 适合以试剂盒的形式推出, 逐渐发展成为基因芯片技术。
作为一种革命性的分析技术, 基因芯片以其集成化, 微'型化和自动化的 优势在核酸分析技术领域发挥着重要的作用。 目前, 基因芯片技术已经发展 得比较完备并且在核酸分析领域获得了广泛的应用, 可以被用于核酸的高通 量并行分析(Debouck and Goodfellow, Nature Genetics, 1999, 21 (Suppl.):48-50; Duggan et al, Nature Genetics, 1999, 21 (Suppl.): 10- 14; Gerhold et al , Trends Biochem. Sci., 1999, 24: 168-173; and Alizadeh et a/. , Nature, 2000 ,
403 :503-51 1 ) 。 核酸芯片用来快速地分析特定情况下的基因表达谱, 也可以 采用核酸芯片在一次实验中分析长达 1 kb的基因区域内的单核苷酸多态性 ( Single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs ) (Guo et al., Genome Res., 2002, . 12:447-57)。
采用被动式生物芯片的常规核酸分析方法 (例如用于感染性疾病临床分 析的方法)通常包括三个分离的步骤: 第一步是样品制备, 也就是处理样品, 包括处理血清、 全血、 唾液、 尿液以及粪便而获得核酸 (DNA或 RNA ) , 通常从样品中获得的核酸量不足以直接用于分析, 需要进行进一步的扩增, 如 PCR扩增; 第二步是核酸杂交, 也就是在扩增出的样品和固定在芯片上的 探针之间进行杂交; 第三步是检测杂交信号, 对杂交信号的检测通常基于对 特定标记的检测, 检测标记可以在扩增或者杂交的过程中引入。 信号检测方 法随所使用的标记的不同而变化,例如采用荧光检测仪来检测荧光标记分子, 采用放射自显影来检测放射标记物, 而对于生物素标记以及地高辛标记等的 检测则往往需要进一步的酶学放大反应。 基于实际中对检测灵敏度的不同要 求, 可以采用不同的信号放大方法, 例如 Tyramide 信号放大 (TSA) (Karsten et. al., Nucleic Acids Res., 2002, E4,)以及分支 DNA (Kricka, Clin.Chem., 1999, 45:453-458)等。
靶核酸与固定于芯片表面的寡核苷酸探针的杂交反应是利用基因芯片进 行核酸检测的核心事件。 在杂交前, 靶核酸常需经 PCR扩增, 然后通过变性 等方法制备单链 PCR产物, 再将单链 PCR产物与探针在适宜的严谨度下杂 交和洗涤, 最后检测杂交信号。 在杂交时, 只有一条 PCR产物链可以与芯片 上的探针杂交, 而其对应的互补链, 由于 PCR双链的自身退火, 会干扰所需 要的杂交反应, 从而降低杂交信号, 甚至可能引起杂交信号丢失。 有研究表 明, 与寡核苷酸探针杂交时, 单链 DNA比煮沸变性的双链 DNA的杂交灵敏 度要高 5倍 ( Kawai et. αί , Anal. Biochem. 1993, 209:63-69 ) 。 因此, 要与基 因芯片上的寡核苷酸探针进行高效杂交, 制备单链的靶核酸是十分重要的。
有多种方法可以用于制备供杂交的核酸单链,除将双链 PCR产物热变性 或碱处理外, 常用的方法还包括:
1、 T7逆转录法。 该法是在一条 PCR引物 5 '端加上 T7启动子, 以纯化 PCR扩增产物为模板,用 T7 RNA聚合酶体外逆转录合成单链 RNA (Hughes, et. aL, Nat. Biotechnol., 2001, 19:342-347 ) 。 该方法虽然单链得率较高, 但需 两步完成, 操作不便, 而且需严格控制 RNA酶的污染。
2、 核酸外切酶法 (Higuchi and Ochman, Nucleic. Acids Res., 1989, 17:5865 ) 。 由于一条 PCR引物被磷酸化, PCR产物在用核酸外切酶消化时, 被磷酸化的引物扩增链不被切割,消化后酶被加热灭活。该方法也需纯化 PCR 产物, 操作不便, 而且单链得率依赖于外切酶的活性。
3、 变性高效液相色谱法 ( denaturing high-performance liquid
chromatography , DHPLC ) 。 由于一条 PCR引物被生物素标记, 其 PCR扩 增链在 DHPLC时, 会与另一条普通链分开 (Dickman and Hornby, Anal. Biochem., 2000, 284: 164-167 ) 。 该方法可以 15min内直接从双链 PCR产物中 获得所需的单链, 但需要昂贵的仪器, 难以普及。
4、 磁珠捕获法。 用链亲合素包被的磁珠捕获生物素标记引物的扩增链, 然后用 NaOH处理得到目标单链 (Espelund, et. al , Nucleic. Acids Res., 1990, 18:6157-6158 ) 。 该方法使用的包被磁珠较为昂贵。
5、不对称 PCR。上述方法均需在 PCR后进行额外的处理,而不对称 PCR 可在 PCR扩增的同时制备 DNA单链。 比较一步法不对称 PCR、磁珠捕获法、 热变性和碱变性四种方法制备 DNA单链进行基因芯片杂交的效果,发现不对 称 PCR和磁珠捕获法都具有较高的杂交灵敏度和特异性, 而在同样杂交条件 下, 热变性或碱处理可能引起假阴性的杂交结果。 考虑到操作简便性和成本, 不对称 PCR更为实用 (Gao, et al , Analytical Letters, 2003, 33 :2849-2863 ) 。 目前, 不对称 PCR技术一般有以下几种技术方案- 1 )使用不同浓度的上下游引物进行不对称扩增。 随着循环的增加, 量少 的引物被逐渐耗尽,而超量的引物可继续直线扩增生成 DNA单链(Gyllensten and Erlich, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1988, 85:7652-7656, ) 。 国内也有相 关的报道, 如何子红等用 1:10和 1:20的比例不对称扩增了 IGF-II基因进行 SNP检测 (何子红等, 中国运动医学杂志, 2002, 21:116-121) ; 李双顶等用 1:15的比例不对称扩增了 HLA-DRB1基因(李双顶等,中国实验血液学杂志, 2003, 11:393-397)等。 但这种方法需要优化上下游引物的比例, 而且非特异 扩增的机会增加, 电泳时常可见弥散条带(Erdogan, et. al., Nucleic. Acids Res., 2001,29:E36) 。
2) 使用不同长度的上下游引物进行不对称扩增。 如彭晓谋等用 34个碱 基的上游引物和 20个碱基的下游引物不对称扩增了 HBV的 S基因, 在后一 轮的温度循环中, 提高退火温度, 短的引物不能退火, 长引物可继续延伸反 应从而达到制备单链的目的(彭晓谋等, 中国实验诊断学, 2002,6:206-208) 。 该方法使用的引物序列均为基因特异性, 但由于较长, 增加了非特异扩增的 可能; 在设计 SNP位点较广泛的基因 (如细菌 16SrRNA基因) 扩增引物时 较为困难。
3) 先进行对称 PCR反应, 然后纯化 PCR产物, 以纯化的对称 PCR产 物为模板, 加入单条引物或不等量进行不对称扩增和标记 (Gorelov,et. fl/., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1994, 200:365-369; Scott, et. al, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 1998, 27:39-44; Guo, et al, Genome Res., 2002, 12:447-457;周钧等, 基因芯片检测日本血吸虫及其现场应用,医学动物控制, 2003, 19: 524-527)。 这种方法是以纯化的对称 PCR产物为模板, 使用单条引物进行 PCR循环制 备单链, 但须多步完成, 其耗时和不便是显而易见的。
目前常规的多重 PCR需要多轮优化, 存在以下问题: 1) 由于引物较多, 不同引物间可能引起假阳性扩增; 2)引物对间的竞争作用使得靶分子出现不 均衡扩增, 某些引物对优势扩增而一些引物对的扩增效率很低; 3)结果的重 复性差。 这种情况下, 再进行不对称多重 PCR扩增, 难以获得满意的实验结 果。 在进行多个靶分子的并行分析时, 上述不对称 PCR策略难以凑效。 单管 一步法不对称多重 PCR未见报道。
发明公开
本发明的目的是提供一种能简单、 高效的制备单链扩增产物的不对称 PCR扩增方法及其专用引物。
本发明所提供的不对称 PCR引物, 包括若干对 PCR引物对, 每对所述 引物对中的一条引物的 5'末端均加有一段与待扩增靶序列无关的寡核苷酸 尾。
为了使所用引物具有合适的 Tm值,所述寡核苷酸尾长度一般在 8— 40bp 之间为好; 优选为 15— 25bp。
为了平衡不同靶序列的扩增效率,所述不对称 PCR引物中还加有一条通 用引物, 所述通用引物的序列与所述寡核苷酸尾中至少 8个连续碱基序列相 同, 其中优选的通用引物序列是与所述寡核苷酸尾的碱基序列相同的序列。
为了利于不对称扩增和单链生成, 所述通用引物的浓度高于所述引物对 的浓度。
应用本发明的不对称 PCR引物进行不对称 PCR扩增方法, 包括如下步 骤: 1 )预变性; 2)若干个变性、 引物退火和引物延伸循环的第一部分 PCR 扩增; 3 ) 若干个变性, 引物退火和延伸循环的第二部分 PCR扩增, 所述引 物延伸中所用 PCR引物对中的一条引物的 5'末端均加有一段与待扩增靶序列 无关的寡核苷酸尾。
为了提高产物的扩增率, 在第二部分 PCR扩增循环结束后, 一般还要进 行引物继续延伸反应。
其中, 步骤 2)所述第一部分 PCR扩增温度循环的循环数为 15— 25 ; 步 骤 3 ) 所述引物延伸的温度为 60— 75°C。
本发明不对称 PCR扩增反应示意图如图 1所示,图中 sf-l、sr-l以及 sf-2、 sr-2分别是靶基因 -1和靶基因 -2的特异性引物对, 其中 sr-1与 sr-2的 5'末端 加上了一段通用序列; up为通用引物, 其序列与 sr-l、 sr-2的通用序列相同。 进行本发明不对称 PCR扩增反应时, 反应液中 DNA聚合酶、 dNTP、 Mg2+ 和反应缓冲液等组分与普通 PCR相同, 并可根据不同的反应予以优化。
本发明的不对称 PCR扩增反应分为两个部分, 第一部分 PCR扩增循环 与普通 PCR相同, 包括变性、 引物退火和引物延伸三个步骤, 退火温度根据 特异基因引物的 Tm值可相应调整, 同样地, 延伸时间也可根据扩增片段长 度调整, 两条引物均可进行普通的 PCR扩增; 第二部分 PCR扩增循环引物 退火温度与引物延伸温度相同, 因此只有变性和引物延伸两个步骤, 这时只 有加尾的引物 (较长, 其全长的 Tm值较高) 可以退火延伸, 从而达到制备 单链的目的。在本发明的不对称 PCR反应中所加的通用引物主要有以下作用: 在第一部分 PCR温度循环中, 它可以参与第二个温度循环以后的扩增反应, 平衡多重扩增时不同靶的扩增效率; 在扩增的全过程里, 由于通用引物浓度 较高, 可与加有寡核苷酸尾的引物一起, 增加了与对应引物的浓度差异, 从 而进一步有利于不对称扩增和单链生成。
本发明的另一个目的是提供本发明不对称 PCR引物在核酸检测中的应 用。
应用本发明的不对称 PCR引物, 可以实现多重不对称 PCR扩增, 采用 基因芯片检测或其它杂交方式, 如膜杂交等可以很方便地实现对多个靶序列 的检测。
通过本发明的不对称 PCR扩增方法得到的扩增产物,可以采用以下基因 芯片检测方法: a反向杂交模式: 将所得不对称 PCR扩增产物与任何有效的 杂交缓冲液混合, 热变性后与固定于基因芯片上寡核苷酸探针杂交; 或 b正 向杂交模式: 将所得不对称 PCR扩增产物纯化, 固定于合适的固相载体表面 制成基因芯片, 然后用核酸探针与基因芯片杂交。 杂交完成后, 使用不同的 标记方法和信号检测方式检测杂交信号, 即可完成对靶序列的检测。
与目前通常采用的不对称 PCR方案相比, 本发明的不对称 PCR扩增弓 I 物具有以下特点和优点:
1 ) 在 PCR引物对的一条基因特异性引物的 5'端加上了一段与扩增靶基 因无关的通用序列,这样既能达到引物长度不等(使引物对 Tm值差异较大), 又可保证基因特异性序列的 "相称" , 增加初始 PCR循环的扩增效率, 同时 降低了引物设计的难度;
2) 在 PCR引物中添加了一条通用引物, 该通用引物与引物上所加的通 用尾序列相同, 由于只有 1条通用引物, 可以在引物的数量上进一步增加上 下游引物的不均衡性;
3 ) 更重要的是, 本发明的不对称 PCR引物可以十分容易的进行多重扩 增, 而无须进行复杂的优化, 这主要有两方面原因: 首先, 由于所有引物对 1 条引物中都带有相同的通用序列, 这一方面增加了引物的一致性, 使得其扩 增效率趋于一致, 另一方面也减少了长引物间相互作用的可能性; 其次, 由 于通用引物在扩增过程中的平衡作用。 如果某对基因特异引物扩增效率低, 则更多的通用引物将参与其后续的扩增反应,基因特异性引物扩增效率越低, 通用引物参与的后续反应越多; 反之亦然。 这样, 不同的靶分子均能得到较 为一致的扩增。 因此通用引物在多重 PCR扩增过程中起到了平衡作用, 使反 应体系中所有的基因特异性引物拥有相近的扩增效率。
附图说明
图 1为本发明不对称 PCR扩增反应示意图;
图 2为实施例 1的探针排布示意图;
图 3为实施例 1PCR产物电泳图;
图 4A为实施例 1金黄色葡萄球菌 26001杂交反应的应出现阳性信号示 意图;
图 4B为实施例 1空白对照杂交反应的应出现阳性信号示意图; 图 5为实施例 1杂交反应的荧光检测结果;
图 6为实施例 2的探针排布示意图;
图 7为实施例 2杂交反应的荧光检测结果。
实施发明的最佳方式
实施例 1、 单重不对称 PCR扩增及其在革兰氏阳性细菌的基因芯片鉴定上 的应用
1、 PCR扩增的基因特异性引物和各种寡核苷酸探针
引物和探针均由上海博亚生物技术公司合成, 部分引物 5'端的 TAMRA 荧光标记和探针 5'端氨基修饰也由上海博亚生物技术公司完成。
基因特异性引物的靶序列为细菌 16S rRNA基因, 扩增片段约 1.5 kb。 引 物的种类及其核苷酸序列如表 1所示。
表 1. 细菌鉴定 PCR引物
引物编号 引物种类 引物序列 (5'-3')
PMB-0408047 通用引物 TAM A-GGTTTCGGATG ACAGCGT
PMB-0201034 不加尾的基因特异性上游引物 TAMRA-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG
P B-0201002 不加尾的基因特异性下游引物 AAGGAGGTGATCCAGCC
TAMRA-GGTTTCGGATGTTACAGCGTAGAGTTTGATCCTGGC P B-0201042 加尾的基因特异性上游引物 TCAG '
PMB-0201041 加尾的基因特异性下游引物 TCACTTGCTTCCGTTGAGGAAGGAGGTGATCCAGCC 各种寡核苷酸探针可与检测目标细菌的单链扩增产物的不同位置进行特 异性杂交,其序列与检测目标细菌 16S rRNA基因的某一段序列相同。部分探 针的核苷酸序列和检测目标如表 2所示。
表 2. 细菌鉴定探针
探针编号 检测目标 探针序列 (5'-3')
PBB-0201001 细菌通用 NH2-T12-GCTGCCTCCCGTAGGAGT
PBB-0201002 金黄色葡萄球菌 NH2-T 12-AGAAGCAAGCTTCTCGTCCG
PBB-0201024 革兰氏阳性细菌 NH2-T12-GGGCATGATGATTTGACGTC
PBB-0201053 葡萄球菌属 NH2-T 12-TCCTCC ATATCTCTGCGCAT
PBB-0201075 细菌通用 NH2-T 12-GACGGGCGGTGTGTACA
PBB-0201090 质控探针 HEX-GCTGCCTCGGCAAGGAGT-NH2 2、 带有醛基基团的基质制备
将玻璃基质浸泡于洗液中, 室温过夜。 用自来水冲洗以洗净玻璃基质上 的酸液, 蒸馏水冲洗三次, 去离子水漂洗一次, 再用去离子水冲洗一次。 离 心甩干玻璃基质, 在 110°C干燥 15 分钟, 彻底干燥玻璃基质。 将玻璃基质浸 入 1 %APTES (异丙胺基一三乙氧基硅烷)的 95 %乙醇中,在室温下用摇床轻摇 1小时。 用 95 %乙醇清洗处理过的玻璃基质, 先冲洗一次, 再漂洗一次。 将 洗净的玻璃基质放入真空千燥箱, 抽真空至最大刻度 (一 0.08Mpa到一 O.lMpa) , 关闭通气阀, 处理 20分钟。 然后将凉至室温的玻璃基质浸 泡于 12.5 %的戊二醛溶液 (400 ml 12.5%戊二醛溶液: 100 ml 50% 的戊二醛, 300 ml磷酸盐缓冲液(lmol/L Na P04 30ml, 2.628 g NaCl), 调 PH值到 7.0), 室温下轻摇 4小时, 将玻璃基质从戊二醛溶液中取出, 3 X SSC漂洗一次, 去 离子水冲洗两次, 离心甩千, 室温千燥
3、 制备表面固定有探针的玻璃基质 (基因芯片)
将表 3 中的探针溶于 50%的 DMSO中, 终浓度为 10μηιο1/ί。 采用 Cartesian的点样仪 (Cartesian Technologies, Inc., CA, USA) 按照图 2的样式 (9 X 9, 图中 090QC表示为探针 PBB-0201090, 其余与此类似) 点样。 将点 好的玻璃基质在室温中放置过夜以干燥玻璃基质, 然后室温下将玻璃基质在 0.2%的 SDS中浸泡两次, 每次 2分钟, 振动。 将玻璃基质用去离子水冲洗两 次, 去离子水漂洗一次, 离心甩千。 把玻璃基质转移到 NaBH4溶液 (l.Og 1^8¾溶于3001111 1 ?88中, 再加入 100 无水乙醇) , 室温摇床轻摇 5分 钟。将玻璃基质用去离子水冲洗一次, 去离子水漂洗两次, 每次 1分钟, 离心 甩干。
4、 细菌培养与核酸提取
所用的菌株金黄色葡萄球菌 26001购自中国药品生物制品检定所中国医 学细菌保藏管理中心。
在超净工作台内将细菌划线接种于 MH (Mueller Hinton Agar Medium) 培养基平板以分离单菌落, 将平板在孵箱中倒置, 35°C孵育 24h。
称取 10mg G1145型玻璃珠和 40mg G1152型玻璃珠 (Sigma) 于一无菌 1.5ml离心管, 向管内加入 100μί 1 Χ ΤΕ。 将镊子在火焰上灭菌并冷却后, 夹 取牙签或 tip头,从培养细菌的 MH平板上沾取一单菌落,在管底的玻璃珠中 反复摩擦使菌尽可能完全留在管中,把用完的牙签或 tip头丢弃到盛有杀菌液 的废液缸中, 盖好离心管盖。 手持离心管, 在涡旋混合器上 (TDX-1型, 北 京通达) 最大力度持续振荡 5min。 然后将离心管 95°C水浴 5min, 置 4°C备 用。
5、 核酸 PCR扩增
PCR反应体系的组成如表 3所示,在 A、 B、 C三种反应体系中加入 1 的玻璃珠振荡后的 26001菌液或 l L无菌水 (作为空白对照), 反应的总体积 为 25 μ1。
PCR在 PTC-200 (MJ Research Inc. ) 热循环仪上进行, 体系 A、 B釆用 表 4的不对称 PCR扩增热循环程序; 体系 C采用表 5的对称 PCR扩增热循 环程序。
表 3. PCR反应体系 体系 A: (仅基因特异性上游引物加尾) 体系 B: (基因特异性上、 下游引物均加尾) 反应物 终浓度 反应物 终浓度
MasterMix (北京天为时代) l x MasterMix (北京天为时代) 1 χ
P B-0201042 0.2μιηο1/1 PMB-0201042 0.2μιηο1/ί
PMB-0201002 0.2μΐΏθ1/ί PMB-020104】 .2μιηο\/1
PMB-0408047 1 μΓηοΙ/L PMB-0408047 Ι μΓηοΙ/L 体系 C: (基因特异性上、 下游引物均不加尾)
反应物 终浓度 MasterMix (北京天为时代) 1 χ
ΡΜΒ-0201034 0.2μηιο1/ί
ΡΜΒ-0201002 0.2μιπο1/ί
表 4. 不对称 PCR扩增程序
Figure imgf000012_0001
表 5. 对称 PCR扩增热循环程序
Figure imgf000012_0002
6、 电泳
对 PCR扩增产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测, 琼脂糖浓度为 1.5%, 品上样量为 2μί, 50 V/cm电压电泳 30min。
7、 杂交
杂交反应体系的配制如表 6所示。
表 6. 杂交反应体系
成分 终浓度 加入 ·ϋ( μ L)
H20 / 1.0
20 X SSC 2 X 1.8
50 X Dcnhardt's 5 X 1.8
50%硫酸葡聚糖 10% 3.6
4% SDS 0.4% 1.8
PCR产物 1 8.0
Total 1 18.0
在杂交盒 (HybriCassettes™, 北京博奥生物芯片有限责任公司) 内加入 200μί 蒸馏水, 以防止杂交体系蒸发, 将表面固定有反应物的玻璃基质及盖 片 (SmartCover™, 北京博奥生物芯片有限责任公司) 放置于杂交盒中。 杂 交体系加热至 95°C保持 5分钟使 PCR产物充分变性后,立即置于冰水混合物 中冷却。取 13 L杂交体系通过盖片上的小孔加入盖片和玻璃基质之间的空隙 中, 盖好杂交盒, 52°C杂交 90分钟。 取出芯片, 浸入 2 X SSC, 0.2% SDS的 溶液中, 室温摇床轻摇 5分钟。 再将芯片用去离子水漂洗两次, 每次 1分钟, 离心甩干。 加有金黄色葡萄球菌 26001的 PCR体系进行两组平行实验。
8、 芯片信号检测
芯片荧光信号采用 GenePix4000B 扫描仪 (Axon Instruments, Inc., CA, USA ) 检测, 检测条件为: 波长 (wavelength) , 532nm; PMT, 600; 功率 (power) , 33%。
9、 结果分析
琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果如图 3 所示, 图中泳道 1 ,1 1 为 DL2000 Marker( Takara)泳道 2,3,4为体系 A PCR产物;泳道 5,6,7为体系 B PCR产物; 泳道 8,9, 10为体系 C PCR产物;其中泳道 2,3,5,6,8,9的 PCR体系中加入 26001 菌液;泳道 4,7,10的 PCR体系中加入无菌水作为空白对照。从图 3可以看出, 3种 PCR体系均能很好的扩增出靶核酸的约 1.5 kb的双链扩增产物, 但只有 体系 A可以看到明显的单链扩增产物。
图 4为本实施例杂交反应的应出现阳性信号示意图, 图 4A为金黄色葡 萄球菌信号图; 图 4B为空白对照信号图; 图 5为本实施例杂交反应的荧光检 测结果。对比图 4和图 5可以看出,仅有体系 A的杂交结果和图 4完全符合, 而另外两种体系的杂交结果中预期阳性信号则只有部分出现。 可能的原因是 体系 B、 C制备的主要是双链 PCR产物, 杂交可能时自身退火, 从而使某些 探针不出现阳性信号或者阳性信号很弱。
电泳和芯片杂交实验结果表明,本发明的不对称 PCR扩增体系和不对称
PCR扩增温度循环, 能够非常有效的制备单链扩增产物, 而且所制备的单链 扩增产物有利于随后的杂交反应, 可极大地提高杂交效率和杂交信号。
实施例 2、 细菌耐药基因的多重不对称 PCR扩增和基因芯片检测
1、 多重不对称 PCR引物和寡核苷酸探针
所用引物和探针均由上海博亚生物技术公司合成, 部分引物 5'端的
TAMRA荧光标记和探针 5'端氨基修饰也由上海博亚生物技术公司完成。
基因特异性引物的种类、序列信息、靶基因和扩增片段长度如表 7所示, 针对每种靶基因设计了两条探针,其序列信息如表 8所示。其中,靶基因 tK、 tetM为革兰氏阳性细菌的四环素耐药基因, 靶基因 ermA、 er C为革兰氏阳 性细菌大环内酯-林可霉素-链阳霉素 B耐药基因, 23S rRNA基因的一段细菌 通用序列作为内对照, 对 PCR扩增和杂交反应过程进行监控< 表 7.耐药基因检测引物
扩增片段长度 引物编号 引物种类 引物序列(5' -> 3') 靶基困
(bp)
PMB- .0408101 不加尾的上游引物 ATTCCGTTTATGCTTGGTTTGT
TAMRA-GGTTTCGGATGTTACAGCGTGCTATAC te& 440
PMB- -0408121 加尾的下游引物
CTGTTCCCTCTGAT
PMB_ .0408103 不加尾的上游引物 TACAGAATTAGGAAGCGTGGA
TAMRA-GGTTTCGGATGTTACAGCGTTCAGA'IT tetM 429
PMB— 0408122 加尾的下游引物
CGGTAAAGTTCGTC
PMB —0408105 不加尾的上游引物 CCTGTCGGAATTGGTTTTTAG
TAM A-GGTTTCGGATGTTACAGCGTCGGTAAA ermA 432
PMB 0408123 加尾的下游引物
CCCCTCTGAGAATA
PMB_ -0408107 不加尾的上游引物 AGTAATGCCAATGAGCGTTTT
TAMRA-GGTTTCGGATG'n'ACAGCGTGGTGTAA ermC 283
PMB -0408124 加尾的下游引物
TTTCGTAACTGCCA
TAM A-GGTTTCGGATGTTACAGCGTAACGGTC
PMB- •04081 15 加尾的上游引物
CTAAGGTAGCGAA 23 S rRNA 23 1
PMB- -04081 16 不加尾的下游引物 GGCTCCTACCTATCCTGTACA
PMB. ■0408047 通用引物 TAMRA-GGTTTCGGATGTTACAGCGT / 1 表 8.耐药基因检坝 针
探针编号 靶基因 探针序列(5'-3')
PBB-0204654 23S rRNA NH2-T12-CGGGTAACCTGCATCTTCACA
PBB-0204655 23S rRNA NH2-T12-AYGGGGTCTTTCCGTCCTGT
PBB-0204656 teiK NH2-T 12-GTTGCTTCTGGAATGAGTTTGCT
PBB-0204657 tetK NH2-T 12-TGTTATGGGCGGATTATCTTTTACT
PBB-0204658 tetM NH2-T 12-TTTCAGTGGGAAAATACGAAGGTG
PBB-0204659 tetM NH2-T12-CATCATAGACACGCCAGGACATAT
PBB-0204660 ermA NH2-T12-CAATCTTTTCGCAAATCCCTTCTC
PBB-0204661 ermA NH2-T12-ATAGTAAACCCAAAGCTCGTTGC
PBB-0204662 ermC NH2-T 12-TAGCAAACCCGTATTCCACGATT
PBB-0204663 ermC NH2-T12-TTGG AA ATTATCGTG ATCA AC AAGTT
PBB-0201090 质控探针 HEX-GCTGCCTCGGCAAGGAGT-NH2
2、 带有醛基基团的玻璃基质的制备
制备方法同实施例 1。 3、 制备表面固定有探针的玻璃基质
制备方法同实施例 1, 所用探针为表 8中的探针, 按照图 6的样式 (6 X 6, 图中 090QC 为质控探针 PBB-0201090, 其余探针编号为 PBB-0204XXX 的后三位) 点样。
4、 细菌培养与核酸提取
本实施例使用的菌株购自于表 9所示单位, 细菌培养与核酸提取的方法 同实施例 1。
表 9. 实施例 2使用的菌株
来源 菌株编号 菌种
B435 金黄色葡萄球菌
北京医院
B437 金黄色葡萄球菌
MRSA6437 金黄色葡萄球菌
北京天坛医院 MRSA6460 金黄色葡萄球菌
MRSA6581 金黄色葡萄球菌
TR1429 粪肠球菌
北京同仁医院 TR1887 屎肠球菌
TR2041 表皮葡萄球菌
5、 核酸 PCR扩增
本实施例为 5 重不对称 PCR 扩增, PCR 反应体系的组成如下: I X MasterMix (北京天为时代) ; 0.2 μιηοΙ/L的五对表 7中基因特异性引物; 1 μιτιοΙ L 的通用引物 PMB— 0408047 ; 1 玻璃珠振荡后的菌液。 反应的总体 积为 25 L。
PCR在 PTC-200 (MJ Research Inc. ) 热循环仪上进行, 采用表 1的不对 称 PCR扩增热循环程序。
6、 杂交与检测
杂交反应体系的配制及杂交方法, 以及杂交后芯片的荧光检测同实施例 l o
7、 结果分析
图 Ί为本实施例 8株菌耐药基因检测结果, 结果表明, 对于不同的菌株, 其所含耐药基因的种类和数量并不相同: 金黄色葡萄球菌 MRSA6581、 粪肠 球菌 TR1429含有 1个耐药基因;金黄色葡萄球菌 B437、表皮葡萄球菌 TR2041 含有 2个耐药基因;金黄色葡萄球菌 B435、金黄色葡萄球菌 MRSA6460含有 3个耐药基因; 金黄色葡萄球菌 MRSA6437含有 4个耐药基因; 而屎肠球菌 TR1887不含耐药基因。
而且, 从图 7的杂交结果可以看到, 所有菌株的 PCR和杂交内对照 23S rRNA基因都得到良好的扩增和强的杂交信号, 对于含有 1个、 2个、 3个和 4个耐药基因的菌株,都能获得正确的阳性信号而且杂交信号较为均一。这表 明本发明的不对称 PCR扩增体系和扩增温度循环, 能够非常有效的用于多个 基因的并行检测。
工业应用
本发明的不对称 PCR扩增方法单链产率高, 有利于随后的杂交反应, 可 极大地提高杂交效率和杂交信号; 并且可用相同的不对称条件进行单重或多 重 PCR扩增, 无须复杂的优化过程。 本发明引物设计简单, 扩增操作方便, 结合可高通量多指标并行分析的基因芯片技术, 可广泛应用于微生物鉴定、 分型、 耐药基因检测; 疾病诊断与预后; HLA分型; SNP检测等基因分析领 域。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种不对称 PCR引物, 包括若干对 PCR引物对, 其特征在于: 每对 所述引物对中的一条引物的 5'末端均加有一段与待扩增靶序列无关的寡核苷 酸尾。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的不对称 PCR引物, 其特征在于: 所述寡核苷 酸尾长度为 8— 40个碱基。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的不对称 PCR引物, 其特征在于: 所述寡核苷 酸尾长度为 15— 25个碱基。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的不对称 PCR引物, 其特征在于: 所 述不对称 PCR引物还包括一条通用引物, 所述通用引物的序列与所述寡核苷 酸尾中至少 8个连续碱基序列相同。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的不对称 PCR引物, 其特征在于: 所述通用引 物序列与所述寡核苷酸尾的碱基序列相同。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的不对称 PCR引物, 其特征在于: 所述通用引 物的浓度高于所述引物对的浓度。
7、 一种不对称 PCR扩增方法, 包括如下步骤: 1 ) 预变性; 2) 若干个 变性、 引物退火和引物延伸循环的第一部分 PCR扩增; 3 ) 若干个变性, 引 物退火和延伸循环的第二部分 PCR扩增, 所述引物延伸中所用 PCR引物对 中的一条引物的 5'末端均加有一段与待扩增靶序列无关的寡核苷酸尾。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的扩增方法, 其特征在于: 所述第二部分 PCR 扩增后, 还包括引物继续延伸的步骤。
9、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的扩增方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 2 )所述第 一部分 PCR扩增的循环数为 8— 25。
10、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的扩增方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 3 ) 所述 寡核苷酸尾长度为 8— 40个碱基。
11、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的扩增方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 3 ) 所述 PCR引物中还包括一条通用引物, 所述通用引物的序列与所述寡核苷酸尾中 至少 8个连续碱基序列相同。
12、根据权利要求 11所述的扩增方法, 其特征在于: 所述通用引物序列 与所述寡核苷酸尾的碱基序列相同。
13、 根据权利要求 1 1所述的扩增方法, 其特征在于: 所述通用引物的浓 度高于所述引物对的浓度。
14、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的扩增方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 3 ) 所述 弓 I物延伸的温度为 60— 75Ό。
15、 权利要求 1一 6所述不对称 PCR引物在核酸检测中的应用。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述核酸检测采用基因 芯片检测或膜杂交检测。
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EP2143805A4 (en) 2010-01-13
EP2143805B1 (en) 2012-12-26
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US20100151448A1 (en) 2010-06-17
JP4833981B2 (ja) 2011-12-07

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