WO2006009188A1 - 像面計測方法、露光方法及びデバイス製造方法、並びに露光装置 - Google Patents
像面計測方法、露光方法及びデバイス製造方法、並びに露光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006009188A1 WO2006009188A1 PCT/JP2005/013350 JP2005013350W WO2006009188A1 WO 2006009188 A1 WO2006009188 A1 WO 2006009188A1 JP 2005013350 W JP2005013350 W JP 2005013350W WO 2006009188 A1 WO2006009188 A1 WO 2006009188A1
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- Prior art keywords
- mark
- image
- image plane
- reticle
- measurement
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70358—Scanning exposure, i.e. relative movement of patterned beam and workpiece during imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70605—Workpiece metrology
- G03F7/70653—Metrology techniques
- G03F7/70666—Aerial image, i.e. measuring the image of the patterned exposure light at the image plane of the projection system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7003—Alignment type or strategy, e.g. leveling, global alignment
- G03F9/7023—Aligning or positioning in direction perpendicular to substrate surface
- G03F9/7026—Focusing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7003—Alignment type or strategy, e.g. leveling, global alignment
- G03F9/7023—Aligning or positioning in direction perpendicular to substrate surface
- G03F9/7034—Leveling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7069—Alignment mark illumination, e.g. darkfield, dual focus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7088—Alignment mark detection, e.g. TTR, TTL, off-axis detection, array detector, video detection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image plane measuring method, an exposure method, a device manufacturing method, and an exposure apparatus. More specifically, the present invention is formed on a mask mounted on a mask stage movable in a predetermined scanning direction.
- An image plane measurement method for measuring a scanning image plane on which a pattern image is formed by a projection optical system, an exposure method including the image plane measurement method, a device manufacturing method using the exposure method, and the execution of the exposure method The present invention relates to a suitable exposure apparatus.
- step strobe a batch exposure type such as a step-and-repeat reduction projection exposure apparatus (so-called step strobe) has been conventionally used.
- Projection exposure equipment was mainly used, but in recent years, along with the high integration of semiconductor elements, stepped 'and' scan type projection exposure equipment (V, so-called scanning stepper (also called scanner)), etc., Scanning exposure apparatuses have come to be used relatively frequently.
- reticle a mask or reticle
- platen a reticle holder
- the pattern surface of the reticle is almost uniformly held on the projection optical system side, the average position of the image plane also decreases, so the target position of the wafer in the optical axis direction of the projection optical system is the reticle. If the pattern surface is not bent, defocusing will occur if the pattern surface is the same. If the pattern surface of the reticle is deformed, the pattern projection optical system on the pattern surface The position in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis may also change, and such a lateral shift of the pattern also causes a distortion error. For this reason, more precise management of reticle flatness has been demanded.
- the deformation of the reticle includes (a) sag due to its own weight, (b) deformation during polishing of the reticle glass substrate itself, and (c) when the reticle is forcibly held by suction on the reticle holder (platen). Deformation caused by the difference in flatness between the contact surfaces of the two can be considered. Since the state of deformation of such a reticle differs for each reticle and further for each reticle holder of the exposure apparatus, in order to accurately measure the deformation amount of the reticle, the reticle is actually applied to the reticle holder of the exposure apparatus. It is necessary to perform measurement while adsorbed and held.
- AF sensor oblique incidence type focal position detection system
- the oblique incidence type position sensor is the space between the reticle stage and the projection optical system, or the vicinity thereof.
- the reticle stage in a scanning exposure apparatus, the reticle stage must have sufficient rigidity so that it does not deform even when stress is applied during acceleration / deceleration for synchronous scanning. For this reason, the reticle stage often takes a configuration with a sufficient thickness up to the limit almost contacting the projection optical system, for example.
- the design of the projection optical system is easier when the space between the reticle and the projection optical system is narrower, the space between the projection optical system and the reticle becomes more and more accurate as the projection optical system becomes more accurate. It tends to decrease. Therefore, it has been difficult to arrange a reticle position sensor between the projection optical system and the reticle.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11 45846
- An image of a pattern formed on a mask mounted on a mask stage movable in a predetermined running direction is obtained.
- An area including the marked area is illuminated with illumination light, and an aerial image of at least one mark existing in the mark area is formed via the projection optical system, and the aerial image is formed using an aerial image measuring device.
- the “scanning image plane” means an image plane on which an image of a pattern formed on a mask mounted on a mask stage movable in a predetermined scanning direction is formed by a projection optical system. . Therefore, not only the curvature of field due to the design residual and manufacturing error of the projection optical system itself, but also the flatness error of the mask (including unevenness error due to deformation), the vertical movement of the mask accompanying the change in the scanning direction of the mask stage, and It also includes image plane position variations caused by pitching and rolling.
- the mask stage is moved in the scanning direction, and the area including the mark area where the predetermined mark is formed on the mask is illuminated with the illumination light, and is present in the mark area.
- An aerial image of at least one mark is formed via a projection optical system, and the aerial image is measured using an aerial image measuring device.
- the aerial image is measured by scanning the mask stage. Move with respect to direction and repeat.
- the scanning image plane is calculated based on the measurement result of the aerial image of each mark for each movement position.
- a mask position measurement sensor is not required, and a mask position measurement sensor is provided between the mask and the projection optical system. It is not necessary to secure a space for installing the. Therefore, the design freedom of the projection optical system is increased, and a high-performance projection optical system can be realized.
- the aerial image measurement step includes a step of measuring positional information of the aerial image of the mark with respect to an optical axis direction of the projection optical system, and the projection optical system of the aerial image of the mark. Measuring position information regarding a direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
- the mask stage on which the mask is placed and the object move synchronously with respect to the illumination light, and the pattern formed on the mask is transferred onto the object.
- the image plane measuring method of the present invention the scanning image plane on which the image of the pattern formed on the mask is formed by the projection optical system is measured, and when the pattern formed on the mask is transferred, Based on the measurement result of the scanning image plane, correction is performed so as to bring the scanning image plane close to the surface of the object. Therefore, the pattern is transferred onto the object via the projection optical system without defocusing. Therefore, a fine pattern can be transferred onto the object with high accuracy.
- a measurement control device that forms an aerial image of the mark via the projection optical system, and measures the aerial image using the aerial image measurement device; and a measurement result of the aerial image of the mark for each moving position; And a calculating device for calculating a scanning image plane on which an image of the pattern formed on the mask is formed by the projection optical system.
- the measurement control apparatus moves the mask stage in the scanning direction, and illuminates the area including the mark area where the predetermined mark is formed on the mask with the illumination light from the illumination system. Then, an aerial image of at least one mark existing in the mark area is formed via a projection optical system, and the aerial image is measured using an aerial image measuring device.
- Such aerial image measurement is repeatedly performed by the measurement controller while moving the mask stage in the scanning direction. Then, based on the measurement result of the aerial image of each mark for each movement position, the calculation device calculates a scanning image plane on which the pattern image formed on the mask is formed by the projection optical system.
- the scanning image plane is measured instead of the mask pattern plane, a sensor for measuring the mask position is unnecessary, and the mask position measuring sensor is provided between the mask and the projection optical system and in the vicinity of the mask stage. It is no longer necessary to secure the sensor installation space. Therefore, the degree of freedom in designing the projection optical system is increased, and a high-performance projection optical system can be realized. As a result, high-precision projection transfer can be realized by the high-performance projection optical system. .
- the present invention is a device manufacturing method using the exposure method of the present invention, even from another viewpoint.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a schematic configuration of an exposure apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the reticle mark plate of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 Enlarged view of the vicinity of the wafer stage in Fig. 1 and the drive device for the Z tilt stage
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of the aerial image measurement apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 5 (A) is a diagram showing a state in which the aerial image PMy ′ is formed on the slit plate during the aerial image measurement.
- FIG. 5 (B) is a diagram showing an example of a photoelectric conversion signal (light intensity signal) obtained in the above-described aerial image measurement.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing algorithm of the CPU inside main controller 50 related to the exposure operation, including the measurement operation of the scanning image plane of the pattern surface of reticle R in the exposure apparatus of the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a specific example of subroutine 210 in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a specific example of subroutine 212 in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a reticle R.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a mark area on the reticle in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a method for calculating a scanned image plane according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining an embodiment of a device manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an exposure apparatus 10 according to an embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus 10 is a step-and-scan type scanning projection exposure apparatus, that is,! /, A so-called scanning “stepper” (also called a scanner).
- the exposure apparatus 10 includes an illumination system including a light source 14 and an illumination optical system 12, a reticle stage RST as a mask stage that holds a reticle R as a mask, a projection optical system PL, and a wafer W as an object. It is equipped with a Ueno as an object stage that can be held and moved freely in the XY plane, a stage WST, and a control system that controls these. Although not shown in the drawings, the components other than the light source and the control system are actually Is an environmental control chain (not shown) in which the internal environmental conditions such as temperature and pressure are maintained with high accuracy.
- an excimer laser light source that emits a pulse of laser light such as KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm) or ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm) is used here as an example.
- This light source 14 is actually installed in a low-cleaning service room or the like other than the clean room in which the environmental control chamber is installed, and the illumination inside the environmental control chamber is not shown through a light transmission optical system (not shown). Connected to optical system 12.
- the light source 14 is controlled by a main controller 50 that produces a workstation (or a microcomputer) to control on / off of laser emission, a center wavelength, a spectrum half width, a repetition frequency, and the like.
- the illumination optical system 12 includes a beam shaping optical system 18, a fly-eye lens 22 as an optical integrator, an illumination system aperture stop plate 24, relay optical systems 28A and 28B, a fixed reticle blind 30A, a movable reticle blind 30B, and a mirror. M and condenser lens 32 etc. are provided.
- the optical integrator a rod type (internal reflection type) integrator, a diffractive optical element, or the like can also be used.
- the cross-sectional shape of the laser beam LB pulsed by the light source 14 is efficiently incident on the fly-eye lens 22 provided behind the optical path of the laser beam LB.
- cylinder lenses and beam expanders are included for shaping!
- the fly-eye lens 22 is disposed on the optical path of the laser beam LB emitted from the beam shaping optical system 18, and includes a number of point light sources (light source images) for illuminating the reticle R with a uniform illuminance distribution.
- a surface light source that is, a secondary light source is formed.
- the laser beam LB emitted from the secondary light source cover is also referred to as “illumination light IL”.
- an illumination system aperture stop plate 24 also including a disk-shaped member is disposed.
- an aperture stop composed of a normal circular aperture, an aperture stop for annular illumination, an aperture stop for a modified light source method, and the like are arranged at substantially equal angular intervals.
- the illumination system aperture stop plate 24 is rotated by a driving device 40 such as a motor controlled by a main control device 50, and thereby A force aperture stop is selectively set on the optical path of the illumination light IL. In this manner, in this embodiment, various illumination conditions such as annular illumination and modified illumination can be realized.
- a beam splitter 26 having a small reflectance and a large transmittance is disposed on the optical path of the illumination light IL emitted from the illumination system aperture stop plate 24, and reticle blinds 30A and 30B are further disposed on the optical path behind this.
- the relay optical system (28A, 28B) is arranged with the intervening.
- the fixed reticle blind 30A is arranged at or near the conjugate plane with respect to the pattern surface of the reticle R, and is a slit-shaped illumination area IAR (elongated on the reticle R in the X-axis direction (the direction orthogonal to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1)).
- a rectangular opening that defines (see Fig. 1) is formed.
- the scanning direction at the time of scanning exposure here, the Y-axis direction which is the horizontal direction in the drawing in FIG. 1
- the non-scanning direction (X-axis direction) correspond respectively.
- a movable reticle blind 3OB having an opening having a variable direction position and width is arranged.
- the movable reticle blind 30B has, for example, a pair of L-shaped blades, and the opening is formed by the pair of L-shaped blades. By further restricting the illumination area IAR via the movable reticle blind 30B at the start and end of the scanning exposure, exposure of unnecessary portions is prevented.
- the movable reticle blind 30B is also used for setting an illumination area for a later-described aerial image measurement.
- an integrator sensor 46 having a light receiving element force such as a PIN photodiode having a high response frequency is arranged.
- the operation of the illumination system configured as described above will be briefly described.
- the laser beam LB pulsed from the light source 14 is incident on the beam shaping optical system 18, where the laser beam LB enters the rear fly-eye lens 22.
- the cross-sectional shape is shaped so as to efficiently enter, the light enters the fly-eye lens 22.
- a secondary light source is formed on the exit-side focal plane of the fly-eye lens 22 (in this embodiment, substantially coincides with the pupil plane of the illumination optical system 12).
- the illumination light IL emitted from the secondary light source passes through one of the aperture stops on the illumination system aperture stop plate 24 and then reaches the beam splitter 26 having a high transmittance and a low reflectivity.
- This beam splitter 26 passes through The passing illumination light IL passes through the first relay lens 28A, passes through the rectangular opening of the fixed reticle blind 30A and the opening of the movable reticle blind 30B, passes through the second relay lens 28B, and passes through the optical path by the mirror M. After being bent vertically downward, the slit-shaped illumination area IAR on the reticle R held on the reticle stage RST is illuminated with a uniform illumination distribution through the condenser lens 32.
- the illumination light IL reflected by the beam splitter 26 is received by the integrator sensor 46 via the condenser lens 44, and the photoelectric conversion signal force of the integrator sensor 46 is not shown.
- the signal is supplied to the main controller 50 through the signal processor 80 having the AZD change.
- a platen portion (not shown) is provided on the reticle stage RST, and is fixed to the platen portion by a reticle R force such as vacuum suction (or electrostatic suction).
- reticle stage RST is two-dimensionally (in the X-axis direction and directly intersecting with Y in the XY plane) in the XY plane perpendicular to optical axis
- AX of projection optical system PL by reticle stage drive system 56R including a linear motor.
- a mechanical clamping mechanism that presses the reticle R against the reticle stage RST is used in order to prevent displacement of the reticle R due to acceleration applied when scanning the reticle stage RST. It is also pretty.
- a reticle fiducial mark plate (hereinafter referred to as a reference member) made of a glass substrate having a flat bottom surface (hereinafter referred to as a "reference surface").
- RFM is extended in the X-axis direction (abbreviated as “reticle mark plate”).
- This reticle mark plate RFM is also fixed to the reticle stage RST because of the power of the same glass material as the reticle R, such as synthetic quartz fluorite, lithium fluoride and other fluoride crystals.
- the reference plane of reticle mark plate RFM is designed to be the same height as the pattern surface of reticle R, and is approximately the same size as the slit-shaped illumination area IAR described above.
- An imaging characteristic evaluation mark (hereinafter simply referred to as “evaluation mark”) is used to measure imaging characteristics such as distortion and curvature of field of the system PL. It is made.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing reticle mark plate RFM.
- the reference surface (lower surface, the back surface in FIG. 2) of reticle mark plate RFM is, for example, in the X-axis direction.
- Two rows of evaluation marks FRM, ⁇ , FRM, FRM, ⁇ , FRM are established at predetermined intervals
- the force in which the cross mark is used is not limited to this.
- the cross mark may be formed by two line “and” space patterns having orthogonal arrangement directions. Also, even if the array is distributed evenly over the entire reference plane, it is all right.
- the reticle stage RST is formed with an opening serving as a path for the illumination light IL below the reticle R and the reticle mark plate RFM.
- a movable mirror 52R that reflects the laser beam from reticle laser interferometer (hereinafter referred to as "reticle interferometer") 54R is fixed, and is within the XY plane of reticle stage RST. This position is always detected by the reticle interferometer 54R, for example, with a resolution of about 0.5 to 1 nm.
- the reticle stage RST has a movable mirror having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the scanning direction (Y-axis direction) during scanning exposure and a reflecting surface orthogonal to the non-scanning direction (X-axis direction).
- a movable mirror and a reticle Y interferometer and a reticle X interferometer corresponding to these movable mirrors are typically shown as a movable mirror 52R and a reticle interferometer 54R.
- the end surface of reticle stage RST may be mirror-finished to form a reflecting surface (corresponding to the reflecting surface of movable mirror 52R).
- the reflecting surface instead of the reflecting surface extending in the X-axis direction used for detecting the position of the reticle stage RST in the scanning direction (Y-axis direction in this embodiment), at least one corner is used.
- a cube type mirror (for example, a retro reflector) may be used.
- the reticle Y interferometer is a two-axis interferometer having two measurement axes, and the reticle stage RST is based on the measurement value of the reticle Y interferometer.
- the rotation around the Z axis ( ⁇ z rotation) can also be measured.
- Position information of reticle stage RST from reticle interferometer 54R is sent to stage controller 70 and main controller 50 via this.
- the stage control device 70 controls the movement of the reticle stage RST via the reticle stage drive system 56R in accordance with an instruction from the main control device 50.
- the projection optical system PL is arranged below the reticle stage RST in FIG. 1, and the direction of the optical axis AX is the Z-axis direction.
- the projection optical system PL is a double-sided telecentric reduction system, and the optical axis AX direction.
- a refracting optical system including a plurality of lens elements arranged at a predetermined interval along the axis is used.
- the projection magnification of the projection optical system PL is, for example, 1Z4, 1Z5, etc.
- the slit-shaped illumination area IAR on the reticle R is illuminated by the illumination light IL from the illumination optical system 12
- the slit-shaped illumination area IAR passing through the reticle R is passed through the projection optical system PL by the illumination light IL.
- a reduced image (partially reduced image) of the circuit pattern of the reticle R in the illumination area IAR is formed in the exposure area IA conjugate with the illumination area IAR on the wafer W having a resist (photosensitive agent) coated on the surface thereof.
- the plurality of lens elements of the projection optical system PL some of the plurality of lens elements (hereinafter referred to as "movable lenses") are connected to a drive element (not shown) such as a piezo element. Therefore, it can be driven minutely in the direction of the optical axis AX and the tilt direction with respect to the XY plane.
- the drive voltage of each drive element (drive amount of the drive element) is controlled by the imaging characteristic correction controller 78 in accordance with a command from the main controller 50, and thereby, the imaging characteristic of the projection optical system PL, for example, Field curvature, distortion, magnification, spherical aberration, astigmatism, and coma are corrected.
- the wafer stage WST includes an XY stage 42 and a Z tilt stage 38 mounted on the XY stage 42.
- each ⁇ position drive system 27 has three actuators (for example, a voice coil motor) 21 that independently drive the respective support points on the lower surface of the tilt stage 38 in the optical axis direction ( ⁇ axis direction) of the projection optical system ⁇ L, and And an encoder 23 for detecting the driving amount (displacement from the reference position) in the axial direction by the actuator 21 at each support point by the vertical position driving system 27 of the vertical tilt stage 38.
- actuators for example, a voice coil motor
- an encoder 23 for detecting the driving amount (displacement from the reference position) in the axial direction by the actuator 21 at each support point by the vertical position driving system 27 of the vertical tilt stage 38.
- each encoder 23 for example, an optical or electrostatic linear encoder is used.
- the three tilt positions 38 are tilted with respect to the optical axis ⁇ direction ( ⁇ axis direction) and the plane perpendicular to the optical axis ( ⁇ surface) by the three actuators 21 that constitute the three ⁇ position drive systems 27, respectively.
- the drive device is configured to drive in the direction, that is, the 0 X direction that is the rotation direction around the X axis, and the 0 y direction that is the rotation direction around the vertical axis.
- the amount of drive in the Z-axis direction of each support point by the Z position drive system 27 of each Z tilt stage 38 measured by each encoder 23 depends on the stage controller 70 and this.
- the main control device 50 calculates the position of the Z tilt stage 38 in the Z-axis direction and the leveling amount ( ⁇ X rotation amount, 0 y rotation amount). .
- a linear motor, etc., that drives the XY stage 42 and three Z position drive systems 27 are shown as a wafer stage drive system 56W!
- a movable mirror 52W that reflects a laser beam from a wafer laser interferometer (hereinafter referred to as a “wafer interferometer”) 54W is fixed on the Z tilt stage 38, and the wafer interferometer 54W disposed outside is fixed.
- the position in the XY plane of the Z tilt stage 38 (wafer stage WST) is always detected with a resolution of, for example, about 0.5 to Lnm.
- the Y axis that is the scanning direction at the time of scanning exposure
- a moving mirror having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the direction and a moving mirror having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the X-axis direction, which is the non-scanning direction, are provided, and the wafer interferometer is also compatible with the X laser interferometer and the Y laser.
- Interferometers are provided, but in Fig. 1 these are typically shown as moving mirror 52W and wafer interferometer 54W.
- the end surface of the Z tilt stage 38 may be mirror-finished to form a reflecting surface (corresponding to the reflecting surface of the movable mirror 52W).
- the X laser interferometer and the Y laser interferometer are multi-axis interferometers having a plurality of measuring axes.
- rotation shown (rotation around the Z axis) z rotation
- pitching ⁇ X rotation around the X axis
- rolling ⁇ y rotation around the Y axis
- the multi-axis interferometer tilts 45 ° and irradiates the laser beam to the reflecting surface installed on the mount (not shown) on which the projection optical system PL is placed via the reflecting surface installed on the Z tilt stage 38.
- the relative position information regarding the optical axis direction (Z-axis direction) of the projection optical system PL may be detected.
- Position information (or speed information) of the Z tilt stage 38 (wafer stage WST) is supplied to the stage control device 70 and the main control device 50 via this.
- the stage controller 70 controls the position of the Z tilt stage 38 (wafer stage WST) in the XY plane via the wafer stage drive system 56W in accordance with an instruction from the main controller 50.
- this aerial image measuring device 59 includes an in-stage component provided on the Z tilt stage 38, that is, a relay optical system including a slit plate 90 and lenses 84 and 86, and an optical path bending mirror 88. And a light transmitting lens 87, and a component outside the stage provided outside the wafer stage WST, that is, a mirror 96, a light receiving lens 89, an optical sensor 124, and the like.
- the slit plate 90 is in a state of closing the opening with respect to the projecting portion 58 having an upper opening provided on the upper surface of one end of the wafer stage WST.
- the upper force is also inserted.
- the slit plate 90 is rectangular in plan view (viewed from above).
- a reflection film 83 that also serves as a light shielding film is formed on the upper surface of the light receiving glass 82, and a slit-like opening pattern (hereinafter referred to as “slit”) 122 is formed in a part of the reflection film 83 by a pattern wing.
- slit slit-like opening pattern
- the slit plate 90 has a slit 1227 having a predetermined width 2D extending in the Y-axis direction (2D is, for example, 0.115111 (15011111)), and the X-axis.
- 2D slit 122x with a predetermined width extending in the direction and force Force formed by the positional relationship shown in Fig. 4 (A) In Fig. 3, these slits 122x and 122y are typically shown as slits 122 ! /
- the lengths of the slits 122x and 122y are about 16 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m in the f row.
- the slits 122x and 122y are collectively referred to as the slit 122 as appropriate.
- the slit plate 90 is used to perform inter-sensor calibration of a reference mark plate on which a reference mark used for alignment baseline measurement described later and other reference marks are formed, and a multi-point focal position detection system described later. It may also serve as at least one of the reference reflectors. Of course, a reference mark plate may be provided separately from the slit plate 90.
- the material of the light receiving glass 82 here, synthetic quartz, fluorite, or the like having good transparency of KrF excimer laser light or Ar F excimer laser light is used.
- a relay optical system comprising lenses 84 and 86 with a mirror 88 that horizontally folds the optical path of the illumination light IL incident vertically downward through the slit 122 (84, 86) is placed and relayed by the relay optical system (84, 86) for the predetermined optical path length on the side wall on the + Y side of wafer stage WST behind the optical path of this relay optical system (84, 86).
- a light transmission lens 87 for transmitting the illumination light beam to the outside of the wafer stage WST is fixed.
- a mirror 96 having a predetermined length in the X-axis direction is obliquely provided at an inclination angle of 45 ° on the optical path of the illumination light IL sent out from the wafer stage WST by the light sending lens 87.
- the optical path of the illumination light IL sent out of the wafer stage WST is bent 90 ° vertically upward.
- a light receiving lens 89 having a larger diameter than that of the light transmitting lens 87 is disposed on the bent optical path.
- An optical sensor 124 is disposed above the light receiving lens 89.
- the light receiving lens 89 and the optical sensor 124 are accommodated in a case 92 while maintaining a predetermined positional relationship, and the case 92 is secured via an attachment member 93. It is fixed in the vicinity of the upper end of the support post 97 planted on the upper surface of the support 16.
- a photoelectric conversion element capable of accurately detecting weak light, for example, a photomultiplier tube (PMT, photomultiplier tube) or the like is used.
- the photoelectric conversion signal P from the optical sensor 124 is sent to the main controller 50 via the signal processor 80 in FIG.
- the signal processing device 80 can be configured to include, for example, an amplifier, a sample holder, an AZD converter (usually having a resolution of 16 bits).
- the slit 122 as described above is described below assuming that the slit 122 is formed in the slit plate 90 for the sake of convenience, below the force formed in the reflective film 83.
- the aerial image measurement device 59 configured as described above, projection images (spatial images) of various marks on the reticle R or the reticle mark plate RFM via the projection optical system PL, which will be described later.
- the slit plate 90 of the aerial image measurement device 59 is illuminated by the illumination light IL that has passed through the projection optical system PL during the measurement, the illumination light IL that has passed through the slit 122 on the slit plate 90 is converted into the lens 84. Then, it is led out of the wafer stage WST through the mirror 88, the lens 86, and the light transmitting lens 87.
- the illumination light IL led out of the wafer stage WST is bent vertically upward by the mirror 96, received by the optical sensor 124 through the light receiving lens 89, and the amount of light received from the optical sensor 124 is changed to the received light amount.
- the corresponding photoelectric conversion signal (light quantity signal) P is output to the main controller 50 via the signal processor 80.
- the projection image (aerial image) of the evaluation mark or measurement mark is measured by the slit scan method.
- the light transmitting lens 87 is replaced by the light receiving lens 89 and the optical sensor. Will move against 124. Therefore, in the aerial image measurement device 59, the size of each lens and the mirror 96 is set so that all the light passing through the light transmission lens 87 moving within a predetermined range is incident on the light receiving lens 89.
- a lead-out part is configured, and the light-receiving lens 89 and the optical sensor 124 constitute a light-receiving part that receives the light led out of the wafer stage WST.
- the light guiding part and the light receiving part are mechanically separated.
- the light derivation unit and the light receiving unit are optically connected via a mirror 96.
- the optical sensor 124 is provided at a predetermined position outside the wafer stage WST, the heat generated by the optical sensor 124 adversely affects the measurement accuracy and the like of the wafer interferometer 54W. We try to suppress it as much as possible. Also, since the outside and inside of wafer stage WST are not connected by a light guide or the like, the drive accuracy of wafer stage WST is adversely affected as if the outside and inside of wafer stage WST are connected by a light guide. Do not receive it.
- the optical sensor 124 may be provided in the user or stage WST.
- An aerial image measurement method performed using the aerial image measurement device 59 will be described in detail later.
- an off-axis alignment system ALG for detecting alignment marks (alignment marks) on the wafer W is provided.
- this alignment system ALG an image processing type alignment sensor, a so-called FIA (Field Image Alignment) system is used.
- the alignment ALG detection signal is supplied to the main controller 50.
- the exposure apparatus 10 of the present embodiment has a light source whose on / off is controlled by the main controller 50, and is directed toward the image plane of the projection optical system PL.
- An irradiation system 60a that irradiates an image forming light beam for forming images of a large number of pinholes or slits in an oblique direction with respect to the optical axis AX, and a reflected light beam on the surface of the wafer W of the image forming light beam is received.
- An oblique incidence type multipoint focal point detection system is provided as an object position measurement mechanism consisting of a light receiving system 60b.
- main controller 50 during stage of scanning exposure, wafer stage drive system 56W so that the focus shift becomes zero based on a defocus signal (defocus signal) from light receiving system 60b, for example, an S curve signal.
- a defocus signal defocus signal
- the Z tilt stage 38 in the Z-axis direction and two-dimensional tilt Control tilt ie, rotation in ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ y direction
- Z tilt via stage controller 70 and wafer stage drive system 56W based on output of multi-point focus position detection system (6 Oa, 60b)
- the exposure area conjugate with the illumination area IAR illumination area of the illumination light IL
- the image plane of the projection optical system PL substantially matches the surface of the wafer W within the IA. Execute belling control.
- the reticle mark on the reticle R and the corresponding reticle mark above the reticle R via the projection optical system PL are separated by a predetermined distance in the X-axis direction.
- TTR Through The Reticle
- these reticle alignment detection systems those having the same structure as those disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-176468 and US Pat. No. 5,646,413 corresponding thereto are used.
- national legislation in the designated country (or selected selected country) designated in this international application the disclosures in the above publications and US patents are incorporated herein by reference.
- the force Z tilt stage 38 which is not shown, has a Shack-Hartman wavefront aberration measurement disclosed in, for example, the pamphlet of International Publication No. 2003/065428.
- a vessel can be installed.
- aerial image measurement using the aerial image measurement device 59 by horizontal slit scanning (hereinafter, referred to as “horizontal scanning” as appropriate) will be briefly described.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which the aerial image of the measurement mark PMy formed on the reticle R 1 is being measured using the aerial image measurement device 59.
- Reticle R 1 in FIG. 4 is a test reticle dedicated to aerial image measurement, a device reticle used for device manufacturing, and a reticle on which a dedicated measurement mark is formed, or the reticle mark plate RFM described above. A member on which a mark used for aerial image measurement is formed is typically shown.
- measurement mark P My whose longitudinal direction is the X-axis direction and measurement mark PMx whose longitudinal direction is the Y-axis direction are formed on reticle R1 at predetermined locations.
- the measurement mark PMy and the measurement mark PMx are respectively in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction. It may be a mark having periodicity, for example, a line and space (LZS) mark having a duty ratio of 1: 1.
- the measurement mark PMy and the measurement mark PMx may be arranged close to each other.
- the main reticle 50 drives the movable reticle blind 30B shown in FIG. 1 via a blind drive device (not shown), and the illumination area of the illumination light IL Is limited to a predetermined area including the measurement mark PMy (see Fig. 4).
- light emission of the light source 14 is started by the main controller 50, and when the illumination light IL is irradiated onto the measurement mark PMy, the light diffracted and scattered by the measurement mark PMy (illumination light IL) is caused by the projection optical system PL. Refracted to form a spatial image (projected image) of the measurement mark PMy on the image plane of the projection optical system PL.
- wafer stage WST forms a spatial image PMy ′ of measurement mark PMy on + Y side (or ⁇ Y side) of slit 122y on slit plate 90.
- stage controller 70 drives wafer stage WST in the + Y direction as shown by arrow Fy in FIG. Is scanned in the Y-axis direction with respect to the aerial image PMy '.
- the light (illumination light IL) passing through the slit 122y is received by the optical sensor 124 via the light receiving optical system in the wafer stage WST, the reflection mirror 96 outside the wafer stage WST, and the light receiving lens 89.
- the photoelectric conversion signal P is supplied to the signal processing device 80 shown in FIG.
- the photoelectric conversion signal is subjected to predetermined processing, and a light intensity signal corresponding to the aerial image PMy ′ is supplied to the main control device 50.
- the signal from the optical sensor 124 is changed by the signal from the integrator sensor 46 shown in FIG.
- a signal standardized by division processing is supplied to the main controller 50.
- the output signal from the optical sensor 124 input via the signal processor 80 during the scanning drive and the Y-axis direction of the Z tilt stage 38 input via the stage controller 70 The intensity signal (aerial image profile) of the projection image (aerial image) is acquired by simultaneously acquiring the information on the position (Y position) at a predetermined sampling interval.
- FIG. 5B shows the intensity signal P of the projection image (aerial image) obtained during the above-described aerial image measurement. An example is shown.
- the wafer stage WST When measuring the aerial image of the measurement mark PMx, the wafer stage WST is positioned at the position where the aerial image of the measurement mark PMx is formed on the + X side (or -X side) of the slit 122x on the slit plate 90.
- the wafer stage WST is driven in the + X direction as shown by the arrow Fx in Fig. 5 (A), and measurement is performed by the slit scan method similar to the above, so that the measurement mark PMx An intensity signal corresponding to the aerial image can be obtained.
- step 204 a subroutine for wavefront aberration measurement processing for the projection optical system in step 204.
- the measurement of the PL wavefront aberration is performed for a predetermined number of effective areas within the field of view of the projection optical system PL (here, the area substantially corresponds to the illumination area IAR). Perform for measurement points (evaluation points).
- coefficients of each term of the Fringe-Zell-Ke polynomials in which the wavefront for each evaluation point is expanded are obtained.
- the wavefront aberration of the projection optical system PL is minimized at all the evaluation points based on the coefficients of the terms of the Fringe-Zerke polynomial obtained in step 204.
- a command value for the driving amount of each movable lens in each direction of freedom is calculated and applied to the imaging characteristic correction controller 78.
- the imaging characteristic correction controller 78 calculates the driving voltage of each driving element corresponding to the command value, and the driving element is driven with the calculated driving voltage. Characteristic calibration (lens calibration) is performed.
- step 208 reticle replacement (reticle is mounted on reticle stage RST, , Just load the reticle).
- reticle replacement reticle is mounted on reticle stage RST, , Just load the reticle.
- a reticle reticle R
- a platen not shown
- a pair of reticle alignment marks RM 1 and RM 2 are formed at positions that are symmetrical with respect to the linear reticle center in the non-scanning direction passing through the center (reticle center) on the reticle R. Yes.
- nine pairs of mark regions MR are respectively along a pair of first opposing sides parallel to the scanning direction (Y-axis direction) of the light shielding band ESB and outside the light shielding band ESB.
- Each mark area is preferably separated from the pattern area PA by a predetermined distance, for example, about a width of the light-shielding band (for example, about 1 to 6 mm on the reticle) or more. This is because the width of the opening of the movable reticle blind 30B in the non-scanning direction is adjusted so that the edge of each blade is applied to a pair of opposing sides parallel to the Y-axis direction of the light shielding band during exposure. This is because the illumination region IL can be irradiated with the illumination light IL without irradiating the mark region with the illumination light IL.
- five pairs of mark regions MD, MU, MD are formed along a pair of second opposing sides parallel to the non-scanning direction (X-axis direction) of the light shielding band ESB and outside the light shielding band ESB. , MU,
- Each mark area is preferably separated from the pattern area PA by a predetermined distance, for example, about the width of the light-shielding band ESB (for example, about 1 to 6 mm on the reticle).
- each of the above mark areas is shielded from light such as chromium having a width of about 1 to 6 mm on the reticle, for example, 1.4 mm (350 / zm on a wafer) to prevent stray light during measurement. It is preferable to be surrounded by a pattern (light-shielding film).
- the focus measurement marks Mx and My are 29 lines as an example.
- the LZS mark with a duty ratio of 1: 1 (1 ⁇ O / zm) is used.
- the force focus measurement mark that is an LZS mark having a large line width can be used as the image position measurement mark.
- step 301 of FIG. 7 the count value k of the first counter indicating the order of evaluation mark measurement is initialized to 1 (k ⁇ l).
- reticle stage RS is passed through reticle stage drive system 56R.
- the movable reticle blind 30B is driven via a blind drive device (not shown), and the kth evaluation mark (here, the first evaluation mark FRM) is included.
- the Z tilt stage is adjusted so that the height position of the surface of the slit plate 90, that is, the position in the Z-axis direction (hereinafter abbreviated as "Z position") is a predetermined initial position. 38 Z position is adjusted via stage controller 70.
- the “initial position” in this case is the default Z position (height, for example, when the exposure apparatus is started up or when the previously detected best focus position is erased by initializing the apparatus, etc. Position), for example, the neutral position (origin position) of the encoder 23 described above is adopted, and the data of the best focus position detection result (measurement value of the multipoint focus position detection system) performed before is not deleted.
- the best focus position that is data of the detection result is adopted.
- An aerial image is measured by scanning, and an intensity signal (aerial image profile) with the horizontal axis of the projected image (aerial image) of the kth evaluation mark (here, the first evaluation mark FRM) as the X position. Le).
- the horizontal direction in the Y-axis direction is the same as described above for the measurement mark PMy.
- An aerial image is measured by direction scanning, and an intensity signal (aerial image pro-
- Step 312 for a predetermined number of steps (here, 15), it is determined whether or not the aerial image measurement is performed by changing the Z position of the slit plate 90.
- the determination in Step 312 was denied, and the process moved to Step 314, where the Z position of the slit plate 90 was changed according to a predetermined procedure. Then return to step 308.
- the Z position of the slit plate 90 in step 314 is set and changed by the k-th (here, the first evaluation mark FRM) by the multi-point focus position detection system (60a, 60b).
- the order of setting and changing may be arbitrary.
- step 312 determines whether the k-th evaluation mark is difficult.
- the k-th evaluation mark here, the first evaluation mark FRM
- step 316 the kth evaluation mark (here, the first evaluation mark FRM)
- the best focus position of the kth evaluation mark (here, the first evaluation mark FRM) is ⁇ C.
- the contrast value of the intensity signal obtained by the 15 horizontal scans in the Y-axis direction obtained for each Z position (optical axis direction position) of the slit plate 90 is calculated, and the contrast value is calculated by the least square method.
- Z2 is a reticle mark plate on which the kth evaluation mark (here, the first evaluation mark FRM) is formed.
- This Zbest is the multi-point focus position that detects the z position of the surface of the detection object at the nearest detection point of the kth evaluation mark (here, the first evaluation mark FRM) k 1,1.
- This is the measured value of the sensor in the detection system (60a, 60b) (that is, the offset value of the detection origin force that is set).
- the measurement position in the Z-axis direction is not limited to the above 15 positions, but may be any other number! Needless to say!
- a pattern whose longitudinal direction is parallel to either the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction may be particularly important. Therefore, in the above averaging process of Z and Z to calculate the best focus position Zbest, Then, the averaging process can be performed by weighting the best focus position in the pattern in the important direction.
- next step 318 it is determined whether or not the processing has been completed for all evaluation marks.
- the processing for the first evaluation mark FRM has only been completed.
- step 320 the count value k of the first counter is incremented by 1 (k ⁇ k + ⁇ ), and then returns to step 304. Thereafter, the determination at step 318 is affirmed. Until this is done, the processing from step 304 onward is repeated.
- step 318 determines whether the determination in step 318 is affirmed. If the determination in step 318 is affirmed, the process proceeds to step 322, and an approximated curved surface (or approximated plane) is calculated by the method of least squares. After calculating the projection image plane by the projection optical system PL, the processing of this sub-routine is terminated and the process returns to step 212 of the main routine.
- step 212 a subroutine process for measuring a scanning image plane on which an image of the pattern of the reticle R is formed by the projection optical system PL is performed.
- the scanned image plane corresponds to a plane such as the locus of the image plane projected on the Weno side and W side through the projection optical system PL by the “local area” in the reticle pattern plane that moves sequentially with scanning.
- it includes a flatness error of reticle R (including irregularities due to deformation), reticle R vertical movement accompanying a change in position in the scanning direction of reticle stage RST, and variations in image plane position caused by pitching and rolling.
- step 402 in FIG. The count value m of the second counter indicating the number of the mark area is initialized to 1 (iml).
- the m-th mark area (here, the first mark area MU) is stored in the projection optical system PL. Running in the field of view
- Reticle stage RST is driven so that it is positioned in the center of the ⁇ direction.
- the position adjustment of reticle stage RST in step 404 is performed by, for example, detecting the pair of reticle alignment marks RM1 and RM2 described above simultaneously using the pair of reticle alignment detection systems described above. This can be done based on the detection result.
- the movable reticle blind 30B is driven via a blind drive device (not shown), and the m-th mark area (here, the first mark area MU) is driven.
- step 408 similarly to step 306 described above, the Z position of the Z tilt stage 38 is set via the stage control device 70 so that the Z position of the surface of the slit plate 90 becomes a predetermined initial position. Adjust.
- step 410 focus measurement in the m-th mark area (here, the first mark area MU) is performed by horizontal scanning in the X-axis direction as in step 308 described above.
- the focus measurement in the m-th mark area (here, the first mark area MU) is performed by horizontal scanning in the Y-axis direction as in step 310 described above.
- next step 414 based on the intensity signals (aerial image profile) of the projection image (aerial image) of the image position measurement marks Mx and My obtained in the above steps 410 and 412, respectively.
- the aerial image profile of the image position measurement mark Mx is the coordinate position (X position) in the measurement direction at the midpoint of the two intersections of the aisle (this aerial image profile has a mountain shape) and the predetermined slice level.
- step 416 it is determined whether or not the aerial image measurement has been performed by changing the Z number of the slit plate 90 by a predetermined number of steps (here, 15).
- the determination in step 416 is denied, and the process proceeds to step 418, and in the same manner as in step 314 described above, the slit plate is scanned.
- step 416 determines whether the focus measurement mark Mx is processed in the same procedure as in step 316 described above.
- Each point position is calculated, and the average value of the two best focus positions is calculated as the best focus position of the point on the pattern surface of the reticle R on which the mth mark area is formed (the best imaging plane). Position).
- step 420 the focus measurement marks Mx and My each of the best frames.
- step 422 the judgment in this step 422 is denied, and the process proceeds to step 424, where After incrementing the value m by 1 (mm + 1), the process returns to step 404, and thereafter the processing from step 404 onward is repeated until the determination in step 422 is affirmed.
- the intensity signal (aerial image profile) force of the projected image (aerial image) is acquired, and the best force position of the point on the pattern surface of the reticle R where each mark area is formed (the best imaging Surface position), image position measurement mark Mx projection position (X position) and image position
- step 422 determines whether the determination in step 422 is affirmed. If the determination in step 422 is affirmed, the process proceeds to step 426, and the scanning image plane of the pattern surface of reticle R is calculated (estimated) as follows.
- step 422 At the stage where the determination in step 422 is affirmative, the image of the pattern formed on the reticle R mounted on the reticle stage RST is formed by the projection optical system PL. Evaluation of 20 points on the scanning image plane Point, that is, the evaluation point ULLR shown in Figure 11
- Z (L) Z (L) Z (R) Z (R) and Z (D) are stored in the memory.
- the Y coordinates of the evaluation points that are paired with each other are the same.
- the Y coordinate value is different from the MR area ML and ML area, but the best focus position of the mark area MU
- Z (U) is almost the same as the best focus position at the midpoint of the line connecting the mark areas MR and ML.
- the Y-coordinate quadratic curve between the measured evaluation points complements the coefficients a, b, and c according to the Y-coordinate.
- the curve between Y1 and Y2 is expressed as the following equation (2).
- step 426 mark area mark area MU, ML to ML, MR
- step 426 after calculating the scanning image plane as described above, the subroutine of step 212 is terminated, and the process returns to step 214 of the main routine of FIG.
- step 214 the difference between the scanning image plane obtained in step 212 with respect to the reference image plane measured in step 210 is calculated, and the reticle mark pattern RFM reference on the pattern surface of reticle R is calculated based on the calculation result.
- IAR exposure area IA
- step 216 it is determined whether or not the correction amount calculated in step 214 is larger than a predetermined threshold value.
- the case where the determination in step 216 is affirmative is a case where the residual error is too large even if the imaging characteristics are corrected as much as possible (that is, an error state). If it is sandwiched between the platen and the reticle, the reticle manufacturing error may be large. Therefore, if the determination in step 216 is affirmed, the process proceeds to step 224, and an error message such as a foreign object being caught is displayed on the screen of a display (not shown) and an alarm is sounded to the operator. After it has been issued, the operation is stopped in step 226 (a series of processing of this routine is forcibly terminated).
- step 216 determines whether the scanning image plane closer to the reference image plane caused by the difference between the pattern surface of reticle R and the reference plane of reticle mark plate RFM is performed. Since the exposure is possible after the correction of the imaging characteristics including it, the process proceeds to step 218, and the exposure operation for printing the circuit pattern of the semiconductor element on the wafer is started. That is, for example, one lot of wafers is sequentially loaded onto the Z tilt stage 38, and scanning exposure is performed on the shot areas of each wafer. During this scanning exposure, the movable lens is moved via the imaging characteristic correction controller 78 according to the Y coordinate of the reticle stage RST based on the imaging characteristic correction amount obtained in step 214 above.
- the Z tilt stage 38 is driven via the stage controller 70 and the wafer stage drive system 56W, and the wafer W is corrected so that it is ideally matched so that the surface of the wafer W approaches the corrected scanning image plane ( That is, the above-described focus / leveling control is executed).
- correction for driving the above-described movable lens to bring the scanning image plane closer to the reference plane is not always required during scanning exposure, for example, prior to scanning exposure. It can also be.
- the main controller 50 calculates the amount of focus position change ⁇ ′ that occurs before scanning exposure, and during scanning exposure, ⁇ It is also possible to execute the above-described focus leveling control based on the target value of the focus position changed by “ ⁇ ”. As a result, the curvature of field and defocus caused by the stagnation of the pattern surface of the reticle R are corrected, and the surface of the wafer W is adjusted to the actual image surface with respect to the pattern surface of the reticle R with high accuracy.
- the primary component of the image plane change in the non-scan direction is corrected by the rolling (tilt in X direction) control of the tilt stage 38, and the second or higher component is corrected. Is corrected by driving the movable lens.
- the image plane change in the scanning direction is corrected by the pitching ( ⁇ direction tilt) control of the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ tilt stage 38, and the offset component of the image plane is ⁇ tilt stage 38. Corrected by control of the vertical axis position (focus control)
- step 220 it is determined whether or not the power to continue the exposure. If the determination in step 220 is affirmed, the process proceeds to step 222 to determine whether or not to replace the reticle.
- step 220 determines whether the series of processing of this routine is terminated.
- the main controller 50 is more concrete.
- the CPU and software program realize a measurement control device, calculation device, object position setting mechanism, and emergency alarm device. That is, the measurement control device is realized by the processing of steps 402 to 424 and 301 to 320 performed by the CPU, and the calculation device is realized by the processing of steps 322 and 426 performed by the CPU.
- the object position setting mechanism is realized by the processing of step 218 performed by the CPU, and the emergency alarm device is realized by the processing of steps 216, 224, and 226 performed by the CPU.
- the correction device is realized by the processing of step 218 performed by the imaging characteristic correction controller 78 and the CPU of the main controller 50.
- main controller 50 as the measurement controller moves reticle stage RST with respect to the scanning direction in steps 402 to 424 in FIG. Illuminate the area including the mark area on R with illumination light IL from the illumination system (12, 14), and project the spatial image of the focus mark and image position measurement mark existing in the mark area PL And the aerial image is measured using an aerial image measuring device 59.
- Such aerial image measurement is repeatedly performed by the main controller 50 while moving the reticle stage RST in the scanning direction.
- the main control device 50 as a calculation device calculates the pattern image formed on the reticle R based on the measurement result of the aerial image of the mark for each moving position.
- the scanning image plane formed by the projection optical system PL is calculated.
- the above-described scanning image plane is detected rather than the reticle pattern plane itself, so that a sensor for measuring the reticle (mask) position is not required. Accordingly, it is not necessary to secure a space for installing the reticle (mask) position measurement sensor between the reticle R and the projection optical system PL, and the design freedom of the projection optical system PL is increased, resulting in high performance.
- the projection optical system PL can be realized. As a result, the high-performance projection optical system PL realizes highly accurate pattern transfer.
- static deformation that occurs depending on the position of the reticle stage R ST (Z position and tilt associated with a change in the scanning direction position of the reticle stage RST)
- the static deformation (determined and reproduced according to the position of the reticle stage RST in the running direction), which is not a dynamic variation, is also a substantial change in the scanning image plane. It becomes a shape.
- such a deformation of the scanning image plane caused by the reticle stage which is caused only by the suction surface, is also corrected.
- the scanning image plane is corrected with respect to the reference image plane, that is, the imaging characteristics in the optical axis direction of the projection optical system PL are corrected.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the projection position of 2 is the image position measurement mark Mx, M in the mth mark area to be measured.
- the main controller 50 Since the projection position of y is stored in the memory, the main controller 50 is connected to the reticle R.
- the reticle used for the exposure and the reticle used for the exposure are compared based on the difference in projection position between the corresponding marks in the corresponding mark area measured for the immediately preceding reticle R. It is also possible to obtain the distortion error and distortion error distribution caused by the difference in deformation state and correct this.
- main controller 50 drives a part of the movable lens of projection optical system PL via image formation characteristic correction controller 78 described above, so that the non-scan direction (X-axis direction) is related. Corrects the distortion component and the magnification component in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. The main controller 50 also adjusts the relative speed of the reticle stage RST and wafer stage WST in the Y-axis direction during scan synchronous control and the relative angular speed adjustment of the keying between the two stages. Correct the distortion component for (direction).
- the force described in the case where the Z position and the tilt of the plurality of movable lenses of the projection optical system PL are adjusted by the imaging characteristic correction controller 78 is not limited to this.
- the imaging characteristic correction controller 78 may adjust the gas pressure in the hermetic chamber formed between some lens elements, or may shift the center wavelength of the illumination light IL output from the light source 14. Good.
- the main controller 50 displays the scanned image plane measured in the above-described step 212 in the step 212. Correction for bringing the surface of the wafer w closer, that is, only focus' leveling control of the wafer W may be performed.
- the case where the calibration (lens calibration) of the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system is performed based on the measurement result of the wavefront aberration is not limited to this.
- Open 2002- 198303 and US Patent Application Publication No. 20 02Z0041377 corresponding to this a plurality of types of marks for measuring imaging characteristics (aberration) are formed on the reticle mark plate RFM.
- the aerial images of these marks are measured using the aerial image measuring device 59 by the method disclosed in the above publication, and the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system are determined based on the measurement results. Calibration (lens calibration) may be performed.
- the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system may be calibrated based on the result of printing on a wafer using a test reticle.
- national legislation in the designated country (or selected selected country) designated in this international application the disclosures in the above publications and published US patent applications are incorporated herein by reference.
- the multipoint focal position detection system (60a, 60b) on the reference image plane at each detection point is measured.
- the above-mentioned focus W leveling control of the wafer W may be performed in consideration of these offsets by obtaining a detection offset, or the detection light incident angle from the irradiation system 60a, or re-inspection in the light receiving system 60b.
- the position of the slit image to be formed may be shifted so as to cancel the offset.
- main controller 50 detects the projection position of the focus measurement mark (isolated line) by the horizontal scan described above, the projection center of the projected image (spatial image) of the mark, and the slit.
- the illumination from the illumination system (12, 14) While illuminating the mark area of reticle R placed on reticle stage RST with bright light IL, Z tilt stage 38 is moved in the optical axis AX direction (Z-axis direction) via stage controller 70 and wafer stage drive system 56W.
- Position data and signals related to the Z-axis direction of the Z tilt stage 38 which is obtained based on the output of the multipoint focus position detection system (60a, 60b) during the Z scan.
- Optical sensor input via processing device 80 The intensity data of the output signal of the sensor 124 is acquired at a predetermined sampling interval.
- the main controller 50 monitors the output of the multipoint focus position detection system (60a, 60b) with the above-mentioned initial position as the movement center, and moves within a range of a predetermined width around the movement center. Move.
- the best focus position of the projection optical system PL is calculated by a slicing method using one or a plurality of slice levels.
- the slicing method is a method in which the midpoint of the two intersections between the slit transmitted light intensity change curve obtained during the Z scan and the slice level is determined, and the Z position of the midpoint is the best focus position. is there.
- the midpoint between the two intersections of the slit transmitted light intensity change curve and each slice level (the midpoint of the line segment determined by each two intersections) is Each of these values is calculated, and the average value of the multiple midpoints may be used as the best focus position.
- the scanning image plane is expressed using a plurality of quadratic functions, and the shape of the scanning image plane is calculated using the function.
- the shape of the scanning image plane is calculated using the function.
- it is not limited to.
- the shape of the scanned image plane may be calculated using that function.
- Marks are Y1-Y9.
- the mark area to be measured among the mark areas located on both sides in the scanning direction of the pattern area PA is measured. You can increase the number (measurement points).
- the suction partial force within the reticle pattern surface is arranged at both ends in the X-axis direction on the reticle, the reticle pattern surface force itself in the Y-axis direction along the center of the reticle in the X-axis direction Therefore, it is desirable that the function is composed of a function and a parameter that can easily express such a saddle shape.
- Adsorption partial force in the reticle pattern surface Even if the portion has another shape, it is easy to be deformed according to the shape of the adsorption surface, to easily express the shape, and to be composed of functions and parameters. It is preferable to use it.
- the function for determining the shape of the scanned image plane is determined with reference to the deformed shape obtained by the FEM (Finite Element Method) simulation, assuming the above-described adsorption portion split shape, for example. Good. Alternatively, it may be determined with reference to the measurement result of the reticle flatness.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a test reticle having a good flatness of the suction surface may be used.
- the reference image plane becomes the scanning image plane of the pattern surface of the test reticle, so that the reference image plane is more appropriate in consideration of the suction state.
- the width of the opening of the movable reticle blind 30B in the non-scanning direction is Fully open each blade so that it reaches the maximum, and irradiate these mark areas with illumination light.
- each blade is closed so that the width of the opening of the movable reticle blind 30B in the non-scanning direction substantially coincides with the width of the light-shielding band, and irradiation of illumination light to the mark area (measurement mark) Prevent (incorrect transfer to wafer).
- the measurement pattern (measurement mark) on the reticle R may be a spatial frequency modulation type phase shift pattern (phase shift reticle).
- a shading type phase shift pattern may also be used.
- the circuit on the reticle When the pattern has a pattern force equivalent to a plurality of chips, it may be possible to arrange a pattern other than the circuit pattern at the boundary of the area corresponding to each chip. In such a case, the same mark area as described above is also arranged at the boundary portion, and the image position (Z position) is measured even with the measurement mark in the mark area.
- the scanning image plane may be estimated also using. In such a case, the accuracy of estimation of the scanned image plane can be further improved.
- the shape of the mark region arranged in the boundary portion is It may be downsized.
- a mark having only a pattern having a longitudinal direction in the X-axis direction instead of a measurement mark in the mark area shown in FIG. 10, and a mark having only a pattern having a longitudinal direction in the Y-axis direction Only one of the two can be used. If such a mark may be transferred onto the wafer, that is, if it may be formed on a part of the semiconductor integrated circuit, the measurement mark is placed in the circuit pattern. Needless to say, this mark can also be used for estimation of the scanning image plane.
- magnification of the projection optical system in the exposure apparatus of the above embodiment may be any of an equal magnification and an enlargement system as well as a reduction system
- the projection optical system PL is not only a refractive system but also a reflective system and a catadioptric system.
- the system may be displaced, and the projected image may be an inverted image or an upright image.
- the force described in the case of using KrF excimer laser light or ArF excimer laser light as illumination light IL is not limited to this, but light having a wavelength of 170 nm or less, for example, F laser light (wavelength 157 nm ), Other vacuum ultraviolet rays such as Kr laser light (wavelength 146 nm)
- the laser light output as the above-mentioned light source power as vacuum ultraviolet light
- a single wavelength laser light in the infrared region or visible region oscillated by the DFB semiconductor laser or fiber laser force For example, harmonics amplified with a fiber amplifier doped with erbium (Er) (or both erbium and ytterbium (Yb)) and converted to ultraviolet light using a nonlinear optical crystal may be used.
- Er erbium
- Yb ytterbium
- the illumination light IL of the exposure apparatus is not limited to light having a wavelength of lOOnm or more, and light having a wavelength of less than lOOnm may be used.
- EUV Extreme Ultraviolet
- SOR Spin-Reflection Reduction
- a plasma laser as a light source
- An EUV exposure system using an all-reflection reduction optical system designed under a wavelength (eg, 13.5 nm) and a reflective mask is being developed.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to a powerful apparatus.
- a liquid for example, pure water
- a function of filling a liquid such as water is provided between the projection optical system and the wafer (and the slit plate of the aerial image measurement device).
- an oblique incidence type focal position detection system having a short wafer-side baking distance cannot be arranged.
- a capacitance sensor or a water pressure sensing type position sensor can be used as the focus position detection system.
- At least a part of the aerial image measurement device 59 is provided on the Z tilt stage 38 on which the wafer W is placed, but the position where the aerial image measurement device is arranged is It is not limited to this.
- a measurement stage that can move in the XY direction on the wafer base 16 is provided, and an aerial image measurement is performed on this measurement stage. All or part of the device can also be provided.
- the wafer stage WST can be reduced in size and weight by omitting the aerial image measuring device 59, and there is an advantage that the controllability of the wafer stage WST can be further improved.
- the position of the measurement stage is measured by a laser interferometer in the same manner as Ueno and stage WST, and the position of the measurement stage is controlled with high accuracy in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction based on the measurement result.
- the position is controlled with high accuracy based on the output of the multipoint focal position detection system (60a, 60b). Therefore, in this case as well, the scanning image plane can be measured with high accuracy as in the above embodiment.
- An illumination optical system and a projection optical system composed of a plurality of lenses are incorporated in the exposure apparatus main body, optical adjustment is performed, and a reticle stage wafer stage made up of a large number of mechanical parts is exposed.
- the exposure apparatus of the above embodiment can be manufactured by attaching wiring and piping to the main unit, and performing overall adjustment (electrical adjustment, operation check, etc.). wear. It is desirable to manufacture the exposure apparatus in a clean room where the temperature and cleanliness are controlled.
- the present invention is not limited to an exposure apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor, but is used for manufacturing a display including a liquid crystal display element and the like.
- An exposure apparatus for transferring a device pattern onto a glass plate, and manufacturing a thin film magnetic head It can also be applied to exposure devices that transfer device patterns used in ceramics onto ceramic wafers, and exposure devices that are used to manufacture image sensors (CCDs, etc.), micromachines, organic EL, and DNA chips.
- image sensors CCDs, etc.
- micromachines organic EL
- DNA chips DNA chips.
- glass substrates, silicon wafers, etc. are used to manufacture reticles or masks used in optical exposure equipment, EUV exposure equipment, X-ray exposure equipment, electron beam exposure equipment, etc., which are made only by microdevices such as semiconductor elements.
- the present invention can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that transfers a circuit pattern.
- a transmission type reticle is generally used.
- quartz glass, fluorine-doped quartz glass, or meteorite is used.
- Magnesium fluoride, or quartz is used.
- Proximity X-ray exposure apparatuses or electron beam exposure apparatuses use transmissive masks (stencil masks, membrane masks), and silicon masks are used as mask substrates.
- FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of a manufacturing example of a device (a semiconductor chip such as an IC or LSI, a liquid crystal panel, a CCD, a thin film magnetic head, a micromachine, etc.).
- a device a semiconductor chip such as an IC or LSI, a liquid crystal panel, a CCD, a thin film magnetic head, a micromachine, etc.
- step 501 design step
- step 502 mask manufacturing step
- a wafer manufacturing step a wafer is manufactured using a material such as silicon.
- step 504 wafer processing step
- step 505 device assembly step
- the process 505 includes processes such as a dicing process, a bonding process, and a packaging process (chip sealing) as necessary.
- step 506 the device created in step 505 is inspected, such as an operation confirmation test and an endurance test. After these steps, the device is completed and shipped.
- FIG. 14 shows a detailed flow example of step 504 in the semiconductor device.
- step 511 oxidation step
- step 512 CVD step
- step 513 electrode formation step
- step 514 ion implantation step
- ions are implanted into Ueno.
- the post-processing step is executed as follows.
- step 515 resist formation step
- step 516 exposure step
- step 518 etching step
- step 519 resist removal step
- the exposure apparatus and the exposure method of the above embodiment are used in the exposure step (step 516), so that the reticle pattern on the wafer can be accurately formed. As a result, productivity (including yield) of a highly integrated microphone device can be improved.
- the image plane measurement method of the present invention is mounted on a mask stage movable in a predetermined scanning direction.
- the pattern image formed on the mounted mask is suitable for measuring the scanning image plane formed by the projection optical system.
- the exposure method and exposure apparatus of the present invention are suitable for transferring a pattern onto an object.
- the device manufacturing method of the present invention is suitable for manufacturing micro devices.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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US11/658,034 US7965387B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2005-07-21 | Image plane measurement method, exposure method, device manufacturing method, and exposure apparatus |
JP2006529261A JP4683232B2 (ja) | 2004-07-23 | 2005-07-21 | 像面計測方法、露光方法及びデバイス製造方法、並びに露光装置 |
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JP2004215593 | 2004-07-23 | ||
JP2004-215593 | 2004-07-23 |
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WO2006009188A1 true WO2006009188A1 (ja) | 2006-01-26 |
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PCT/JP2005/013350 WO2006009188A1 (ja) | 2004-07-23 | 2005-07-21 | 像面計測方法、露光方法及びデバイス製造方法、並びに露光装置 |
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US (1) | US7965387B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4683232B2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI396225B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006009188A1 (ja) |
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TW200610031A (en) | 2006-03-16 |
US7965387B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
TWI396225B (zh) | 2013-05-11 |
JPWO2006009188A1 (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
US20070260419A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
JP4683232B2 (ja) | 2011-05-18 |
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