WO2006003000A1 - Elektrolumineszierende polymere - Google Patents
Elektrolumineszierende polymere Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006003000A1 WO2006003000A1 PCT/EP2005/007290 EP2005007290W WO2006003000A1 WO 2006003000 A1 WO2006003000 A1 WO 2006003000A1 EP 2005007290 W EP2005007290 W EP 2005007290W WO 2006003000 A1 WO2006003000 A1 WO 2006003000A1
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Definitions
- WO 02/068435 describes mono-, di- and trihalogenated iridium complexes which can also be used as monomers for the synthesis of polymers. However, it is not stated that these complexes are preferred for this purpose, so that it must be assumed that the monohalogenated complexes are suitable for incorporation into the side chain and the dihalogenated complexes for incorporation into the main chain, while the trihalogenated complexes by crosslinking to insoluble polymers should lead.
- WO 02/077060 and WO 03/020790 describe copolymers which are spirobifluorene units . and may additionally contain metal complexes that can emit light from the triplet state and thus show phosphorescence instead of fluorescence.
- metal complexes are described and illustrated which have two linkages to the polymer and which are thus incorporated into the polymer main chain.
- the structures shown here have the disadvantage that it requires unbalanced metal complexes that are not easily accessible synthetically.
- other metal complexes which are not linearly incorporated into the polymer backbone have particular advantages for the invention
- dendrimers which emit light from the triplet state, as for example in WO 02/066552, WO 03/079736 and WO 04/020448 described, which can be processed as well as polymers from solution.
- these dendrimers have the distinct disadvantage that their synthetic accessibility is extremely complex, since the individual generations of the dendrimer must be constructed in separate reaction steps and each isolated and purified. As a result, the yields are low, and one suffers large losses of the rare metals used.
- the use of these dendrimers thus offers no real alternative to phosphorescent polymers, which can be built in a single synthesis step.
- Branches can be generated inter alia by metal complexes.
- these compounds are insufficiently described in this patent application, so that it is not apparent from the description of how they can be constructed and used useful. Because they are fluorescent and not phosphorescent polymers, it appears that the metal complexes were used only as structural branching points but did not acquire electronic importance in the polymer. It is also not clear from the examples given why, in particular, these polymers are said to have particularly good properties.
- the invention relates to phosphorescent copolymers containing at least 0.01 mol% of at least one triplet emitter, characterized in that the triplet emitter has at least three links to the polymer, with the proviso that the polymer does not contain 9,9-Dioctylfluoren, if the triplet emitter is an unsubstituted tris (phenylpyridine) iridium (III).
- Emission is generated by a transition from a triplet state or a mixed state of an excited singlet and a triplet state in the singlet ground state 1 .
- fluorescence in the context of this invention is understood to mean a luminescence excited by external energy, in which the emission is generated by a transition from an excited singlet state into the singlet ground state.
- These two processes can be experimentally distinguished by the lifetimes of the excited states, with the lifetime of the excited singlet state on the order of magnitude from 10 '10 to 10 ' 7 s and that of the triplet state is on the order of> 10 -7 s, which is to be determined by time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy.
- a metal complex understood that emits light at room temperature in the electroluminescence from the triplet state, ie
- Electrophorescence instead of electro-fluorescence shows.
- Metal complexes which contain at least one metal with an atomic number greater than 38 are particularly suitable for this purpose, although not all polymers containing such metal complexes are necessarily capable of exhibiting phosphorescence.
- the at least three linkages of the triplet emitter to the polymer can be obtained by using an at least trifunctionalized triplet emitter, resulting in branching of the polymer.
- the phosphorescent copolymers of the present invention differ from the above-mentioned dendrimers in that the branches are randomly arranged in the polymer while being in a regular arrangement in the dendrimer. This simplifies the synthesis significantly compared to dendrimers, since a one-pot synthesis is possible. Furthermore, in the dendrimer, each repeat unit has a branch, while in the polymer according to the invention only a part of the repeat units, preferably only the triplet emitter, has branches. Furthermore, they differ from the above-listed branched polymers (EP 1138746) whose branch points are described by metal complexes in that they phosphoresce and not fluoresce. As a result, the copolymers of the invention in the
- the phosphorescent copolymer of the present invention may be conjugated, partially conjugated or non-conjugated.
- the copolymer according to the invention is preferably conjugated or partially conjugated.
- conjugated polymers are polymers which in the main chain are mainly sp 2 -hybridized (or else sp-hybridized)
- Partially conjugated polymers for the purposes of this invention are polymers which either contain longer conjugated portions in the main chain which are interrupted by non-conjugated portions or which contain longer conjugated portions in the side chains of a polymer which is not conjugated in the main chain.
- units such as simple alkylene chains, (thio) ether bridges, keto groups, ester, amide, or imide linkages are clearly defined as nonconjugated segments.
- the phosphorescent copolymers according to the invention may contain, in addition to the triplet emitter, various further structural elements. These may be, inter alia, structural elements which form the polymer backbone or those which influence the charge injection or charge transport properties. Such units are described in detail, for example, in WO 03/020790 and WO 05/014689. Also, structural elements that provide efficient excitation transfer, such as other mono-polymerized dyes, are possible.
- Preferred structural elements that can be used as the polymer backbone are, for example, fluorene derivatives, spirobifluorene derivatives, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, 4,5-dihydropyrene derivatives,
- 4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene derivatives phenanthrene derivatives and cis- and trans-indenofluorene derivatives, each of which may be substituted or unsubstituted.
- Particularly preferred structural elements that can be used as the polymer backbone are spirobifluorene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives and cis and trans indenofluorene derivatives, most particularly preferred
- Spirobifluorene derivatives and phenanthrene derivatives which continue to achieve very good results and very efficient phosphorescence, when these units are used in combination with other backbone units. If spirobifluorene derivatives are used as the backbone, these are preferably substituted by alkyl chains.
- these arylamines and heterocycles lead to a
- HOMO in the polymer of less than 5.8 eV (against vacuum level), more preferably less than -5.5 eV.
- Preferred structural elements which have electron transport properties are, for example, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridazine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives,
- these units in the polymer lead to a LUMO of more than 2.7 eV (against vacuum level), more preferably of more than 3.0 eV.
- the copolymers may also contain structural elements which provide efficient excitation transfer and enhance the singlet to triplet transition.
- Carbazole units are suitable for this purpose, for example
- keto, phosphine oxide or sulfoxide-containing structural elements eg according to the unpublished applications DE 10349033.7 and DE 102004003008.1
- arylsilane units eg B. according to the not disclosed application DE 102004023278.4
- Units that improve the transition from the singlet to the triplet state can also be those that themselves can emit from the singlet or triplet state; These can be linear or branched.
- keto or phosphine oxide units in particular those which are substituted by aromatic groups.
- aromatic keto units for example benzophenome
- Another object of the invention are white-emitting copolymers in which the white emission is a combination of the emission of blue, green and red emitting units, characterized in that at least one of the emitting units is a triplet emitter having at least three links to the polymer ,
- copolymers of the invention may have random, alternating or block-like structures or alternatively several of these structures alternately have. This allows electronic properties such. As the charge transport, but also the morphology of the polymer can be influenced by different spatial arrangement of the branch points.
- the synthesis of copolymers with block-like structures is described, for example, in WO 05/014688.
- the molecular weight M w of the polymers is between 10 3 and 10 7 g / mol, preferably between 10 4 and 10 6 g / mol, particularly preferably between 5 -10 4 and 8 -10 5 g / mol.
- copolymers of the invention are prepared by polymerization
- Monomers prepared, wherein at least one monomer includes the trifunctionalized or higher functionalized triplet emitter or a corresponding ligand for the coordination of the metal are some types.
- some types have proven useful here, all leading to C-C linkages (SUZUKl coupling, YAMAMOTO coupling, STILLE coupling).
- SUZUKl coupling, YAMAMOTO coupling, STILLE coupling How the polymerization can be carried out by these methods and how the polymers can be separated and purified from the reaction medium is described, for example, in WO 03/048225 or in WO 04/022626. According to these methods, the synthesis of non-conjugated polymers can also be carried out by using appropriate monomers that are not consistently conjugated.
- polymer chemistry such as, in general, polycondensations or cationic, anionic or free-radical polymerizations. It may also be useful to use monofunctional compounds in the polymerization reaction. As a result, on the one hand, the molecular weight range of the polymer can be adjusted. On the other hand, the trifunctional or higher functional compounds (trifunctional or higher functional triplet emitters) which are likewise used can be compensated for via monofunctional compounds.
- the occurrence of branching in the phosphorescent copolymers according to the invention can be detected, for example, via the molecular weight distribution (determined by way of GPC). While polydispersities in the range from 2.5 to 4 are generally found in the polycondensation of a linear polymer according to SUZUKI under the reaction conditions selected here, the polydispersities of the phosphorescent copolymers according to the invention are Range of 5 to 6, and thus significantly higher than for the linear polymers, as one would expect for branched polymers also.
- the phosphorescent polymers of the corresponding trifunctionalized or higher functionalized triplet emitter can be used directly as a monomer.
- the triplet emitters preferably at least 30% of the triplet emitters, particularly preferably at least 50% of the triplet emitters, in particular predominantly all triplet emitters used, has at least three links to the polymer chain more preferably exactly three links to the polymer chain, and thus represent branching points.
- the triplet emitters bound in the phosphorescent copolymer are preferably organometallic complexes.
- An organometallic compound is to be understood as meaning a compound which has at least one direct metal-carbon bond. Furthermore, it is preferably electrically neutral
- the triplet emitters preferably contain only chelating ligands, ie ligands which coordinate to the metal via at least two binding sites; particularly preferred is the use of two or three bidentate ligands, which may be the same or different.
- the preference for chelating ligands can be explained by the higher stability of chelate complexes.
- the triplet emitter in the polymer preferably has a structure according to formula (1),
- M is the same or different at each occurrence of a main group metal, transition metal or lanthanoid having the atomic number>38;
- DCy is the same or different at each instance and is a cyclic group which contains at least one donor atom, ie an atom with a lone pair of electrons, preferably nitrogen or phosphorus, via which the cyclic group is bonded to the metal, and the one or more substituents R 1 can wear;
- the groups DCy and CCy are linked to one another via a covalent bond and can be further bonded via the radicals R 1 or R 2
- CCy is the same or different at each occurrence and is a cyclic group containing a carbon atom through which the cyclic group is bonded to the metal and which can carry one or more substituents R 1 ;
- L is the same or different bidentate with each occurrence
- Ligand preferably a monoanionic, bidentate chelating ligand
- H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, i, CN, NO 2 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, the. may be substituted by one or more non-aromatic radicals R 1 ; several substituents R 1 , both on the same ring and on the two different rings, can in turn together form another mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
- R 2 is the same or different at each occurrence, H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms; m is at each occurrence 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3; n is at each occurrence O, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0; there are at least three linkages of the unit according to formula (1) with the polymer.
- the attachment to the polymer can take place via one or more ligands, preferably via at least two ligands, particularly preferably via three ligands or via four ligands.
- the units of formula (1) may be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
- the units of the formula (1) have a symmetrical structure. This preference is due to the easier synthetic accessibility of the compounds. That is how it can be
- Units according to formula (1) preferably complex to homoleptic metal act, ie metal complexes which have only one type of ligand.
- the units of formula (1) are constructed asymmetrically. This can be done at the
- Ligands come. So it can be with units according to forms! (1) preferably to act heteroleptic complexes, ie metal complexes having more than one different ligand.
- Preferred metals M are selected from the group of transition metals with an atomic number> 38; particularly preferred metals M are selected from the group of transition metals with an atomic number> 50; Very particularly preferred metals are selected from the elements tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum and gold, in particular
- the triplet emitter is covalently incorporated into the polymer chain.
- functional polymerizable groups must be present on the complex.
- examples for corresponding brominated complexes which can be used as monomers in polycondensation reactions for example according to SUZUKI or according to YAMAMOTO
- syntheses are described in WO 02/068435.
- Electron injection or the hole or electron transport can be improved in the corresponding blend.
- the additional component can also improve the singlet-triplet transfer or emit light itself.
- the addition of electronically inert compounds can also be helpful, for example to control the viscosity of a solution or the morphology of the film formed.
- the blends thus obtained are also the subject of the present invention.
- the invention furthermore relates to solutions and formulations of one or more phosphorescent copolymers or blends according to the invention in one or more solvents.
- polymer solutions can be prepared is described, for example, in WO 02/072714, in WO 03/019694 and in the literature cited therein.
- These solutions can be used to prepare thin polymer layers, for example, by area coating methods (eg, spin coating) or printing methods (eg, inkjet printing).
- electroluminescent materials emitting materials
- a general method is usually used, which must be adapted accordingly for the individual case.
- PLEDs usually also contain at least one hole injection layer, for example made of PEDOT (doped polyethylenedixoythiophene); the use of an intermediate layer between the emitting layer and the hole injection layer may also prove to be expedient, for example to increase the service life.
- PEDOT doped polyethylenedixoythiophene
- the invention therefore also relates to the use of a phosphorescent copolymer according to the invention in a PLED.
- the invention likewise provides a PLED having one or more layers, wherein at least one of these layers contains at least one inventive phosphorescent copolymer.
- the efficiency of the light emission of the triplet emitter is comparable or better in copolymers according to the invention in comparison with copolymers according to the prior art. This is especially true of the case in
- EP 1138746 branched copolymers which show fluorescence, which does not come from the metal complex, but from the polymer backbone and their efficiency is thus significantly lower than in copolymers of the invention. Also, compared to blends of comparable polymers containing no metal complexes, with low molecular weight metal complexes, the efficiency is higher.
- the lifetime is higher compared to prior art copolymers.
- the phosphorescent copolymers according to the invention do not have the problem of segregation of the components, which leads to a more uniform emission of light from the corresponding pixel.
- the phosphorescent polymers according to the invention are surprisingly readily soluble and can therefore be processed very well from solution.
- the phosphorescent polymers according to the invention are synthetically simple and obtainable in high yield, which is not the case with polymers according to the prior art. This makes possible the resource-saving application of the rare metals in the triplet emitters.
- the polymers contain fewer triplet emitters than prior art polymers. This further contributes to the resource-saving use of rare metals.
- the polymers of the invention also for other uses in other electronic devices (devices) to use, for. B. for organic Solar cells (O-SCs), non-linear optics, organic optical detectors, organic field quench devices (O-FQDs) or even organic laser diodes (O-lasers), to name just a few applications.
- O-SCs organic Solar cells
- O-FQDs organic field quench devices
- O-lasers organic laser diodes
- the synthesis of the monomer Ir1 was carried out by bromination of tris (phenylisoquinoline) iridium (III) according to WO 02/068435.
- the soluble variant of an iridium complex was obtained from the monomer Ir1 by Suzuki coupling according to WO 04/026886.
- the polymers were synthesized by SUZUKI coupling as generally described in WO 03/048225.
- the composition of the synthesized polymers P1 to P5 (Examples 5 to 9) and the comparative polymers or comparative blends V1 to V3 (Examples 10 to 13) are listed in Table 1 together with their physical properties.
- Comparative examples are linear (unbranched) polymers obtained by using a dibromo derivative of the iridium complex (Ir2 and Ir3). Also used as comparative examples are blends of a polymer which does not contain a metal complex with a soluble variant of the iridium complex
- Table 1 Device results with copolymers according to the invention and comparison polymers and blends a
- the proportions of the monomers denote mol%, based on all repeating units present in the polymer.
- b CIE Coordinates: Chromaticity Coordinates of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage of 1931
- the lifetime is defined here as the time in which the luminance of the light-emitting diode has fallen to half the initial luminance at a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 d the lifetime was not measured at a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 , but at an initial brightness of 800 cd / m 2 .
- the polymers according to the invention have significantly higher efficiencies and lower stresses with a simultaneously longer service life than comparative polymers and comparative blends.
- the comparative polymer V1 from Example 10 has a significantly lower efficiency at a significantly higher operating voltage in the
- Comparative Example 13 (IM mixed into Comparative Polymer V3) shows that the monomer Ir1 is actually covalently bonded to the polymer in the polymers according to the invention, since in this comparative blend the efficiency is significantly lower, the stress significantly higher and the service life by a factor of more than 100 is lower.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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KR1020077000385A KR101206313B1 (ko) | 2004-07-06 | 2005-07-06 | 전계발광 중합체 |
EP05760036.3A EP1763566B1 (de) | 2004-07-06 | 2005-07-06 | Elektrolumineszierende polymere |
JP2007519714A JP5442200B2 (ja) | 2004-07-06 | 2005-07-06 | エレクトロルミネセンスポリマー |
US11/631,584 US7820305B2 (en) | 2004-07-06 | 2005-07-06 | Electroluminescent polymers |
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DE102004032527.8 | 2004-07-06 | ||
DE102004032527A DE102004032527A1 (de) | 2004-07-06 | 2004-07-06 | Elektrolumineszierende Polymere |
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PCT/EP2005/007290 WO2006003000A1 (de) | 2004-07-06 | 2005-07-06 | Elektrolumineszierende polymere |
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US (1) | US7820305B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1763566B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5442200B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101206313B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1997722A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004032527A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW200617141A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006003000A1 (de) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1763566A1 (de) | 2007-03-21 |
KR101206313B1 (ko) | 2012-11-29 |
JP5442200B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
JP2008505239A (ja) | 2008-02-21 |
KR20070033416A (ko) | 2007-03-26 |
US7820305B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 |
US20070281182A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
TW200617141A (en) | 2006-06-01 |
EP1763566B1 (de) | 2016-10-26 |
CN1997722A (zh) | 2007-07-11 |
DE102004032527A1 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
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