Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F2/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from solutions of cellulose in acids, bases or salts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
  • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
  • D01D1/09—Control of pressure, temperature or feeding rate
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
  • D01D4/06—Distributing spinning solution or melt to spinning nozzles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the production of moldings from Cellu ⁇ loose with "ionic liquids", in particular 1, 3-Dialkylimidazoliumhalogeni- the solvent, in which one dissolves the cellulose, the solution to fibers or films / membranes deformed, the Cellulose is regenerated by precipitation in aqueous solutions, the solvent is separated by washing and the shaped bodies are dried.
• ionic liquids in particular 1, 3-Dialkylimidazoliumhalogeni- the solvent
• cellulose - as a non-meltable polymer - into filaments, staple fibers or films / membranes under industrial conditions three different solution spinning processes have been developed to the technical maturity, namely the spinning of stable derivatives, e.g. Cellulose 2,5-acetate dissolved in acetone without regeneration (acetate method - Ullmann's Encyclopedia Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft 1986 Vol. A5 p. 438-448), the spinning of semistable derivatives, e.g. Cellulose xanthogenate, dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution with regeneration (Götze K.
• stable derivatives e.g. Cellulose 2,5-acetate dissolved in acetone without regeneration
• semistable derivatives e.g. Cellulose xanthogenate
• ionic liquids have been known since 1914, they have only recently gained in importance as solvents or reaction media for many syntheses. Of particular interest are compounds with a positive nitrogen atom such as the ammonium; Pyridinium and imidazolium cation [Schilling G. "Ionic liquids” GIT Laboratory Journal 2004 (4) 372 - 373].
• ionic liquids as solvents for the deformation of the cellulose to filaments, staple fibers and films / membranes speaks a possible higher thermal stability compared to Aminoxidhydraten and a much better environmental performance compared to the viscose, acetate and copper process.
• solvents the ionic liquids should permit working in a closed solvent circuit.
• Object of the present invention is to provide a method by which one bleaches at high process safety and environmental friendliness in a simple manner, cellulose (pulp, Elementarchlorok ECF or total chlorine-free TCF) while substantially preserving the molecular parameters to filaments, staple fibers and films / membranes deformed and a corresponding device.
• cellulose pulp, Elementarchlorok ECF or total chlorine-free TCF
• molded body made of cellulose with new or improved properties can be herge ⁇ provides.
• the object is achieved with a method for the production of shaped articles from cellulose by dissolving them in an ionic liquid, shaping the viscous solution to the molding and regenerating the cellulose, characterized in that
• cellulose or a cellulose mixture dispersed in water with shearing down to the individual fiber, pressed, and the press-moist cellulose or cellulose mixture, b) dispersed in the ionic liquid, with the addition of basic substances and, if appropriate, further stabilizers, under shear, rising Tem ⁇ temperature and decreasing pressure (from about 800 to 850 mbar to about 10 to 30 mbar), the water removed and the dispersion in a homogeneous solution Lö ⁇ , c) the solution via (a) temperature-controlled pipe (s) and a Druckaus d) the solution in the spin pack feeds a filter, a distributor plate preferably designed as a heat exchanger and the spinning capillary (s) or the slot of the spinneret (s), e) the solution jets deformed into capillaries or to the film passing through an air-conditioned gap, f) the oriented solution jets by treatment with a tempered Lösun g, which is miscible with the ionic liquid, but
• the spinning solution preferably reaches the spinning temperature only when passing through the distributor plate designed as a heat exchanger.
• the deformation of the spinning solution into a flat film is expediently carried out with a slot die with a gap width of 0.1 to 2.0 mm thickness. Ring slit nozzles with a gap width of approximately 0.1 to 1.5 mm are suitable for the production of blown films.
• Fraud of the cuoxam-DP of a spruce sulphite pulp prior to dissolution under microwave heating was 550 for the cellulose regenerated from the solution, a cuoxam-DP of 172 was found, and spinning of such solutions into fibers is not possible.
• pulps of wood or cellulosic fibers of annual plants, in particular cotton linters, produced by the sulfite, sulfate hydrolysis sulfate or organosolv process with elemental chlorine-free (ECF) or totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleach be used.
• ECF elemental chlorine-free
• TCF totally chlorine-free
• Preferred ⁇ ionic liquids are melts of 1, 3-dialkylimidazolium halides.
• basic substances having a low vapor pressure may be added to the ionic liquid in an amount which causes a pH of 8 or more in the suspension containing cellulose and aqueous ionic liquid.
• the basic compound having a low vapor pressure is particularly preferably an alkali hydroxide such as KOH or NaOH.
• the pulp is whipped up to a single fiber under high shear in water.
• gequolle ⁇ ne cellulose is present with about 50% by mass of water.
• aqueous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride which contains at the same time as much alkali metal hydroxide as achieves a pH of> 8
• the cellulose which is moist with respect to the press can easily be converted into a homogeneous suspension which undergoes shear, increases in temperature and reduces pressure after distilling off the water into a homogeneous spinning solution.
• the dissolution time is only a fraction of that required to dissolve dry cellulose in water-free 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.
• the reduction in molecular weight is less than 10%.
• the spinning solution quality can analogously to the lyocell process by determining particle content c ppm and bezoge ⁇ on the class width
• the cellulose concentration and the molecular weight of the cellulose or Cellulosemi- research are expediently selected such that at 85 0 C a Nullschervis ⁇ viscosity by the spinning solution from 1,000 to 100,000 Pa s, preferably from 10,000 to 80,000 Pa s, is established.
• an antioxidant for a high stability of the molecular weight over a long time at elevated temperature, in addition to the addition of bases, such an antioxidant has been proven.
• organic compounds having at least one conjugated double bond and two hydroxyl or amino groups such as hydroquinone, p-phenylenediamine, gallic acid esters, tannins, etc.
• the thermal stability of the invention is Spinning solutions compared to stabilized lyocell spinning solutions significantly higher.
• the 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium is stable to at least 25O 0 C and the stabilized spinning solution, the cellulose begins above 213 ° C. decompose.
• tion time ⁇ & m at spinning temperature can relax, through spinnerets to Filamen- th or foils deformed and leads with delay through a gap to the precipitation bath.
• a volume V should remain in cm 3 which is at least equal to or greater than the product of the volume flow V 1 in cm 3 / s and the relaxation time ⁇ m in s at the spinning temperature.
• the yarn sheet is perpendicular to the thread running direction and surface-treated with conditioned air of vor ⁇ preferably 15 to 25 ° C and 20 to 80% relative humidity.
• the thread formation can be represented as a two-stage process.
• a tapering of the solution jet from the inlet A E to the outlet cross section A A of the spinning capillary takes place predominantly under the influence of the shearing stress ⁇ D at a constant temperature, ie the draft in the nozzle SV D follows
• DE and D A corresponds to the entry or exit diameter of the spinning capillary.
• ⁇ a under the influence of the axial expansion stress ⁇ a, as the temperature decreases, a further tapering of the solution jet in the ratio of withdrawal v a and injection velocity v 1, the spinning distortion occurs
• D ⁇ corresponds to the capillary diameter at the transition gap / precipitation bath.
• the delay of the solution jet in the gap is simultaneous with an increase of the thread surface according to (5)
• 0 A denotes the surface of the thread at the spinning capillary naus- and O ⁇ the surface of the thread at the precipitation bath inlet.
• V s 3,6 - ⁇ r 2
• T 10 is the fiber denier in dtex
• p L is the density of the spinning solution in g / cm 3
• c Cell is the cellulose concentration in% by mass. It is easy to see that the rebuilding of surfaces during the thread consolidation in the gap should be associated with disturbances in the fiber cladding and adversely affect the fibrillation behavior of the fibers.
• the solution jets are highly hygroscopic, absorb water from the air-conditioned environment and take place in the peripheral areas of a partial precipitation of the cellulose.
• v ⁇ / I 10 - - [mm I min] a With A ⁇ a in cm 2 / min and a in cm. It is a measure of the rate of surface change and should be as small as possible. Good fiber properties are obtained for values v m ⁇ 500 mm / min, in particular for v m ⁇ 50 mm / min.
• the climatization of the gap preferably by air with a certain temperature and temperature, has, in addition to a cooling and stabilizing effect of the yarn path, a partial precipitation of the cellulose, preferably in the edge zones of the filaments.
• This increases the spinning reliability, especially with high capillary densities, promotes the formation of a core / shell structure and improves the fiber properties.
• the group of threads is preferably additionally subjected to a likewise conditioned gas stream.
• the oriented solution jets for regenerating the cellulose are passed through an aqueous precipitation bath which contains up to 50% by mass, preferably up to 25% by mass, of the ionic liquid used for dissolving.
• the precipitation bath thus purified can be recirculated as a solvent after distillative concentration.
• FIG. 1 shows a graph of the particle distribution of a typical cellulose / 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride spinning solution with 11.5% by weight of cotton linter pulp
• FIG. 2 is a graph of the weighted relaxation time spectrum of a spinning solution containing 12.5% by weight of eucalyptus prehydrolysulfate pulp at 85 ° C.
• FIG. 3 a graphic representation of the temperature function of zero shear viscosity and relaxation time for the spinning solution according to FIG. 2;
• FIG. 1 shows a graph of the particle distribution of a typical cellulose / 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride spinning solution with 11.5% by weight of cotton linter pulp
• FIG. 2 is a graph of the weighted relaxation time spectrum of a spinning solution containing 12.5% by weight of eucalyptus prehydrolysulfate pulp at 85 ° C.
• FIG. 3 a graphic representation of the temperature function of zero shear viscosity and relaxation time
• FIG. 4 shows the enthalpy determined by DSC analysis as a function of the temperature for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and for a spinning solution containing 12% by weight of spruce sulphite pulp and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as solvent;
• Figure 5 the schematic representation of an apparatus for carrying out the method for producing filament yarns and staple fibers;
• FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a preferred apparatus for the production of staple fibers and films;
• Figure 7 a schematic representation of the distribution plate designed as a heat exchanger.
• FIG. 1 shows the density distribution q3 * (x) determined by laser diffraction versus the particle size in ⁇ m for a spinning solution of 11.5% by weight cotton linters pulp stabilized with 0.22% by mass NaOH (based on the solvent) (cuoxam DP 650) and 88.5% by mass of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride with a zero shear viscosity of 31650 Pas and a relaxation time of 5.3 s at 85 0 C.
• the particle content was 22 ppm with a share of 40% ⁇ 12 microns and 60% ⁇ 40 microns.
• Figure 3 contains the temperature function of zero shear viscosity and Relaxations ⁇ time (at the frequency maximum) in the temperature range 70 -130 0 C for Spinnlö ⁇ solution in Figure 2.
• the comparison of the spinning solutions in Figures 1 veran ⁇ to 3 illustrates the influence of pulp provenance, molar mass (Cuoxam DP), cellulose concentration, stabilization and temperature on the zero shear viscosity, relaxation time and the solution state.
• FIG. 4 shows the results for the thermal analysis of the solvent 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and a stabilized spinning solution of 12 mass% eucalyptus pre-hydrolysis sulfate pulp and 88 mass% 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. While the solvent has no changes in addition to the endothermic melting peak to 250 0 C, the curve of the spinning solution next to the endothermic melting peak, an exothermic peak starting at 213 ° C. Obviously, here begins the thermal degradation of cellulose.
• FIG. 5 shows a spinning device for carrying out the method according to the invention. It consists of a temperature-controlled pipe (1), pressure equalizer (2), spin pack (3), draft zone (9), precipitation bath (11) and take-off godet (18).
• the spin pack (3) comprises a distribution plate designed as a heat exchanger (5) with a solution filter (4), an inflow chamber (6) and at least one spinneret (7). Between spin pack (3) and precipitation bath (11) is the conditioned draft zone (9) with gas supply / distribution (10) whose length is adjustable by vertical movement of the precipitation bath (11).
• the Desillbad technologyer (11) comprises the inflow chamber (12) for forming a laminar Hurllbadströmung, the overflow (13) by a existing existing ceramic thread guide bottom opening (14), the collecting trough (15), Klallbadpumpe (16) and thermostat (17 ).
• FIG. 6 shows a spinning device which preferably serves for spinning spun fibers and films.
• the structure up to the spinneret (7) largely corresponds to that of Figure 5.
• the spinneret (7) here forms a rectangle and contains arranged in rows spinning capillaries or a slot for spinning films.
• the conditioned draft zone (9) and the gas supply / distribution (10) are adapted to this rectangular shape.
• the length of the draft zone (9) is adjusted by vertical displacement of precipitation bath (11).
• the draft zone (9) is largely closed.
• Opposite to the gas supply / distribution (10) are openings for discharging the conditioned blowing gas.
• the precipitation bath (11) is again formed from inflow or settling chamber (12), overflow (13), deflection roller or roller (14), collecting pan (15), pump (16) and thermostat (17).
• the separation of yarn sheet (19) and precipitation bath (11) by deflecting at an angle> 90 ° and deduction on the Galettenduo (18).
• a driven roller (14) takes over the deflection and further guide rollers transport to the godet pair (18).
• FIG 7 shows schematically the structure of the heat exchanger (5) formed distribution plate with solution filter (4), seals (8) and heaters (H).
• the spinning solution with the temperature T1 (3 L ) passes through the solution filter (4), flows through a plurality of holes (R) with simultaneous heating to the spinning temperature T2 (3 Sp ) and passes with this temperature upstream chamber (6) and nozzle (7 ).
• the heat exchanger (5) is preferably made of nickel-plated or chromium-plated aluminum, copper or brass.
• Example 8 375 g of eucalyptus prehydrolysis sulphate pulp (Cuoxam DP 569, TCF-bleached) were beaten in a liquor ratio 1:15 in water, separated from the liquor by a centrifuge to 50% by mass, coarsely crushed and pressed dry in 3088 g i-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIMCI) with 15% by mass of water, which at the same time contained 0.22% by mass of sodium hydroxide and 0.036% by mass of gallic acid propyl ester.
• BMIMCI i-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride
• the particle content of the solution was 18 ppm with a content of 65% ⁇ 12 ⁇ m and 35% ⁇ 40 ⁇ m.
• the spinning of the solution took place in a test apparatus according to FIG. 5.
• the required amount of spinning solution m L was fed to the spin pack at 85 ° C. melt temperature via a temperature-controlled pipe at the same temperature by means of a spin pump (0.10 ml / Umd.), Filtered, in a heat exchanger on spinning tuft Heat S Sp , relax in the inflow chamber with approx. 8 ml volume and through nozzles with 30 resp. At Vers. Nr. 7.12 60 spinning capillaries with an L / D A - ratio of 1 resp. At verse 2 and the exit diameter D A pressed.
• the solution jets passed through the air gap of the length a under the delay SV 3 and additionally with 25 (staple fibers) or 1001 / min (filament yarn) air of 25 ° C. and moisture was blown according to the table.
• the aftertreatment was carried out batchwise and without tension and in the case of the filament yarn (Vers. No. 7.12) continuously under minimum tension ( ⁇ 2 cN / tex) by washing, drying with 2.5% shrinkage, softening and tangential winding onto cylindrical coils.
• Table 2 also shows the calculated surface increase A ⁇ a as well as the velocity v on which the surface increase took place.
• the dissolved cellulose cuoxam DP was 531 and that of the fiber was 529.
• the fiber properties had high tensile and moduli in the conditioned and wet state, as well as increased wet scrub resistance over lyocell fibers.
• Example 9 A cotton linter pulp (Cuoxam DP 650) was analogously to Example 8 in a spinning solution with 11, 5 mass% cellulose, zero shear viscosity 31650 Pas at 85 ° C, relaxation time 5.3 s at 85 ° C, particle content 20 ppm, particles ⁇ 12 ⁇ m 81% and particles ⁇ 40 ⁇ m 19% transferred.
• the spinning was carried out in an apparatus according to FIG. 5 under the following conditions:
• Fibers with very high tensile strengths and moduli were obtained in the conditioned and wet state:
• Fineness 1 27 dtex tensile strength cond. 67.7 cN / tex wet 60.9 cN / tex Elongation at break cond. 9.0% wet 8.8% initial modulus cond. 1366 cN / tex Wet 511 cN / tex Wet Scrub Resistance 43 T Cuoxam DP Fiber 624
• Example 10 A mixture of 85% by weight of beech hydrolysis sulphate pulp (Cuoxam DP 390, TCF bleached) and 15% by weight of spruce sulphite pulp (Cuoxam DP 780, ECF bleached) was beaten together in water to a monofilament by means of a jet mixer and passed through a sieve belt press Fleet separated.
• beech hydrolysis sulphate pulp Cuoxam DP 390, TCF bleached
• Cuoxam DP 780, ECF bleached spruce sulphite pulp
• the particle analysis showed a content of 28 ppm with a particle distribution of 82% ⁇ 12 ⁇ m; 16% ⁇ 40 ⁇ m and 2%> 40 ⁇ m.
• the yarn passage passed the air-conditioned gap of 2.8 cm length under a draft of 5.1 and was flowed over a width of 9 cm with 160 l / min of air at 23 ° C. and 70% relative humidity.
• the surface increase on warpage was 0.128 cm 2 / min + capillary, its velocity 0.46 mm / min.
• Fineness 1 50 dtex tensile strength cond. 44, 1 cN / tex tensile strength wet 40, 0 cN / tex elongation at break cond. 12, 1% elongation at break wet 12, 0% loop tearing force cond. 32, 2 cN / tex module cond. 920 cN / tex module wet 340 cN / tex NSB 130 tours
• Example 11 A mixture of cotton linters pulps (80% by mass of Cuoxam DP 465 and 20% by mass of Cuoxam DP 650) was prepared analogously to Example 9.
• the press-moist cellulose mixture had a water content of 45% by mass.
• a horizontal single-shaft mixing / kneading reactor of the type Diskotherm B (LIST AG ARISDORF Switzerland) were in the first shear zone continuously via a precision gear pump 819 g / min preheated to 90 ° C 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI), the 10% by mass of water, 0.28% Natri ⁇ hydroxide and 0.04% tannin contained, and metered via a belt scale and control piston pump 200 g / min crushed cellulose, mixed and heated under a vacuum of 30 mbar to 120 0 C and distilled off 172 g / min of water.
• EMIMCI 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumchlorid
• the solution which was deformed into a flat film, passed a conditioned air gap (20 ° C., 55% relative humidity) of 15 mm in length, passed into the precipitation bath (an aqueous solution containing EMIMCI), and was deflected by means of a driven roller and tightened by the roller duo at 20 m / min. After washing, drying and preparation, a conditioned film of 40 ⁇ m thickness and a basis weight of 61 g / m 2 was obtained . The longitudinal tear strength of the film was 27.2 cN / tex, its elongation 16.8%.
• Example 12 234 g of eucalyptus prehydrolysis sulphate pulp (Cuoxam DP 569, TCF-bleached) were dissolved in water with an Ultramischer in a liquor ratio of 1:25, adjusted to a pH of 10 with sodium hydroxide, by pressing down to 26.7% by mass. separated from the liquor, coarsely crushed and pressed moist in 1520.5 g of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIMCI) containing 22% by mass of water, 1.4 g of sodium hydroxide and 1.2 g of gallic acid propyl ester.
• BMIMCI 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride
• the particle content of the solution was 33 ppm with a proportion of 61% ⁇ 12 .mu.m and 39% ⁇ 40 .mu.m.
• the spinning of the solution was carried out in a test apparatus according to Figure 5.
• the required spinning solution amount m L was fed with 95 0 C melt temperature via a temperature-controlled pipe at the same temperature by spin pump (0.10 ml / Umd.)
• the solution jets passed under the delay SV 3 the air-conditioned air gap of length a and were additionally blown with 85 l / min air of 25 ° C and 2.5 g / m 3 of water.

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• 2004
  • 2004-06-26 DE DE200410031025 patent/DE102004031025B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-06-23 DE DE112005002138T patent/DE112005002138A5/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-06-23 WO PCT/DE2005/001118 patent/WO2006000197A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2005-06-23 EP EP05759726.2A patent/EP1763596B1/de active Active
  • 2005-06-23 CN CNB2005800214175A patent/CN100564621C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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