WO2005113650A1 - めっきまたは蒸着処理用凹凸粒子 - Google Patents
めっきまたは蒸着処理用凹凸粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005113650A1 WO2005113650A1 PCT/JP2005/009458 JP2005009458W WO2005113650A1 WO 2005113650 A1 WO2005113650 A1 WO 2005113650A1 JP 2005009458 W JP2005009458 W JP 2005009458W WO 2005113650 A1 WO2005113650 A1 WO 2005113650A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
- C23C18/1639—Substrates other than metallic, e.g. inorganic or organic or non-conductive
- C23C18/1641—Organic substrates, e.g. resin, plastic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to uneven particles for plating or vapor deposition.
- micron-sized particles have been actively developed.
- plastic resin modifiers functionalizing agents for paints, organic pigments, electronic materials, toner particles, optical materials, separation materials, adhesives It has been widely studied for use in adhesives, foods, cosmetics, biochemical carriers, and the like.
- conductive fillers that have been made conductive by plating the surface layer of plastic materials, etc., connecting liquid crystal display panel electrodes to driving LSIs, It is expected to be used as a conductive material for connecting to circuit boards and for connecting between other fine pitch electrode terminals.
- irregularity particles particles having irregularities in the surface layer
- such uneven particles are generally prepared by adhering core particles and fine particles to be protrusions (convex portions) to a surface layer by an electric method or a physical method.
- the core particles and the fine particles serving as the protrusions are a polymer particle
- the solidified particles are fused with each other using an impact force, heat, a solvent, or the like, or each particle is embedded.
- Patent Document 1 Patent No. 2762507
- Patent Document 2 Patent No. 3374593
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-342377. No. bulletin).
- Patent Document 3 is a relatively useful technique when the particles to be coated have a very small diameter, and can be made into conductive fine particles by performing a plating process.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2762507
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 3374593
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-342377
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and even when a convex particle having a predetermined size or more is used, the base and the convex particle are strongly bonded.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide concavo-convex particles for vapor deposition or vapor deposition, which can exhibit high conductivity as a result of securing a surface area while maintaining the thickness of the conductive film.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object.
- the bonding between the particles (A) and the particles (B) became stronger, and that the particles were hardly peeled off.
- the present inventors have found that as a result of maintaining the film thickness of the conductive film and securing the surface area, it is possible to obtain conductive irregularity particles having high conductivity, and completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides:
- Particles (B) having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more are bonded by a chemical bond with the first and second functional groups, and at least two projections are formed on the surface of the particles (A). Irregularities for plating or vapor deposition, characterized by having:
- At least one of the particles (A) and the particles (B) has a functional group-containing polymer compound grafted from the surface thereof, wherein the concave or convex particles for 1 or 2 plating or vapor deposition treatment,
- the functional group-containing polymer compound has a number average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000, and is characterized by having irregularity particles for plating or vapor deposition treatment,
- the functional group-containing polymer compound has a functional group equivalent of 50 to 2,500, and is characterized in that the particles of 5 are adhered or have irregularities for vapor deposition processing,
- At least one of the first and second functional groups is at least one selected from the group consisting of an active hydrogen group, a carbodiimide group, an oxazoline group, and an epoxy group. Uneven particles for plating or evaporation processing, 8. At least one of the first and second functional groups is a carbodiimide group, and 7 is provided with irregularities for plating or vapor deposition,
- the particles (A) are organic polymer particles 1 to: any one of L0: uneven particles for plating or vapor deposition treatment;
- the particles (A) have an average particle diameter of 0.5 to: L00 m, and are irregular particles for the plating or vapor deposition treatment of 1 to 11!
- particles (A) having a first functional group on the surface and a second functional group capable of reacting with the first functional group are included. Since the particles (B) on the surface are bonded to each other through the first and second functional groups by a danigami bond, the bond between the particles (A) and the particles (B) becomes strong, and the particles (B) hardly peels off. In addition, since the particles (B) have an average particle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, which is smaller than the average particle diameter of the particles (A), irregularities having a sufficient height difference can be imparted to the irregular particles.
- Such conductive irregularity particles having high conductivity can be used as a conductive filler that imparts conductivity to plastic materials and the like, the connection between the electrodes of a liquid crystal display panel and the driving LSI, and the connection of LSI chips to the circuit board. It can be suitably used as various conductive materials such as a conductive material for connection of electric and electronic devices such as connection and connection between minute pitch electrode terminals.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing an SEM photograph of uneven particles for plating or vapor deposition treatment obtained in Example 1.
- one memory of the scale represents 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the uneven particles for plating or vapor deposition according to the present invention have a particle (A) having a first functional group on the surface, a second functional group capable of reacting with the first functional group on the surface, and a particle.
- B) having an average particle diameter of less than the average particle diameter of the particles (A) ) Has at least two projections on its surface.
- particles is a concept including a form dispersed in a medium such as emulsion.
- cured particles or semi-cured particles may be used.
- the chemical bond is not particularly limited as long as it is a chemical bond such as a covalent bond, a coordination bond, an ionic bond, and a metal bond. Considering that the bond between the two is made stronger, a covalent bond is preferable.
- the convex portions are caused by the particles (B).
- the projection may be formed of a single particle (B) (—next particle) or may be formed by aggregating a plurality of particles (B).
- the number of protrusions is not particularly limited as long as there are at least two protrusions on the surface of the particle (A). However, a suitable number depends on the surface area of the particle (A), the average particle diameter of the particle (B), and the like. Since the value changes, it is preferable to adjust the number to an appropriate number in consideration of the thickness of the conductive coating applied to the uneven particles, the interval between the convex portions, and the like.
- the spacing between the protrusions is arbitrary and may be uniform or random.
- the spacing may be the particle diameter of particles (A) and particles (B), the type of functional group, the content of functional group, the particle (A) and It can be changed by changing various conditions such as the use ratio of the particles (B) and the reaction temperature.
- the shape of the particles (A) and the particles (B) can be any particle shape without any particular limitation. However, in recent years, uneven particles with higher precision have been desired. Therefore, at least the particles (A) are preferably spherical or substantially spherical particles.
- the average particle diameter of the particles (B) is not less than 0: Lm and smaller than the average particle diameter of the particles (A) as described above.
- Particle size 1Z2 or less Lower is preferred 1Z5 or less is more preferred 1Z8 or less is even more preferred.
- the upper limit of the average particle diameter is preferably about 100 ⁇ m. If the average particle diameter is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the projections made of particles (B) are more likely to be covered by the conductive coating. Or, the characteristics may not be improved as compared with the ordinary plating particles.
- the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the particles (B) is preferably 0.15 m or more, more preferably 0.2 m or more.
- the upper limit of the average particle diameter is preferably 50 / zm or less, more preferably 10 m or less, and still more preferably 3 m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the particles (A) varies depending on the average particle diameter of the particles (B), and cannot be unconditionally defined. However, it is preferable that the average particle diameter be about 0.5 to: LOO / zm. . If the average particle diameter is out of the above range, it may be less expensive to use metal particles alone, and there may be no advantage in using conductive particles having high irregularity.
- the average particle diameter of the particles (A) is more preferably 0.8 to 50 m, further preferably 1.0 to 10 m.
- the materials constituting the particles (A) and the particles (B) are not particularly limited. Both materials may be either organic materials or inorganic materials (including metal materials). Although it is good, considering the application of the conductive material after the plating process and the vapor deposition process, it is preferable that the specific gravity is not high, and it is also required to have elasticity.Therefore, at least the particles (A) should be an organic material. Most preferably, they are especially organic polymer particles.
- both the structure of the particles (A) and the particles (B) may be a single-layer structure or a multilayer structure whose surface is coated with a coating component.
- a coating component Is arbitrary as long as both the particles (A) and (B) have a functional group on the surface, and examples thereof include a polymer compound coating having a first or second functional group on the surface.
- Examples of the organic material include crosslinked and non-crosslinked resin particles, organic pigments, waxes and the like.
- crosslinked and non-crosslinked resin particles include, for example, styrene resin particles, acrylic resin particles, methacrylic resin particles, polyfunctional bur resin particles, and polyfunctional (meth) ataryl resin resins. Particles, polyethylene resin particles, polypropylene resin particles, silicone resin particles, polyester resin particles, polyurethane resin particles, polyamide resin particles, epoxy resin particles, epoxy resin particles, polyvinyl butyral resin particles Rosin-based resin particles, terpene-based resin particles, phenol-based resin particles, melamine-based resin particles, guanamine-based resin particles, and the like.
- Organic pigments include azo, polycondensed azo, metal complex azo, benzimidazolone, phthalocyanine (blue, green), thioindigo, anthraquinone, flavanthrone, and indanthrene.
- Organic pigments such as organic pigments, anthrapyridine type, pyranthrone type, isoindolinone type, perylene type, perinone type and quinacridone type.
- waxes examples include plant natural waxes such as candy lila wax, carnauba wax, and rice wax; animal natural waxes such as beeswax and lanolin; mineral natural waxes such as montana tuscu and ozokerite; paraffin wax; Natural petroleum waxes such as microcrystalline wax and petrolatum, polyethylene waxes, synthetic hydrocarbon waxes such as fischer's Tropx, modified waxes such as montan wax derivatives and paraffin wax derivatives, hydrogenated waxes such as hardened castor oil derivatives, Among the above organic materials, synthetic waxes and the like can be mentioned.
- plant natural waxes such as candy lila wax, carnauba wax, and rice wax
- animal natural waxes such as beeswax and lanolin
- mineral natural waxes such as montana tuscu and ozokerite
- paraffin wax Natural petroleum waxes such as microcrystalline wax and petrolatum, polyethylene waxes, synthetic hydrocarbon waxe
- the inorganic material examples include alumina, titanium oxide, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, zinc oxide, clay sand, clay, mica, limestone, diatomaceous earth, and acid. Chromium, cerium oxide, iron oxide, antimony trioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, silica, silicon carbide, nitride Silicon, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, carbon black, gold, platinum, palladium, silver, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, iron, nickel, conorto, copper, zinc, lead, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium , Manganese, zirconium, molybdenum , Indium, antimony, and metal such as tungsten, alloys thereof, metal oxides, hydrated metal oxides, inorganic pigment
- organic material and the inorganic material can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organic material and the inorganic material commercially available products may be used as they are, and those obtained by modifying these commercially available products with a surface treatment agent such as a coupling agent in advance may be used.
- Examples of the surface treating agent include unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, metal salts of unsaturated fatty acids such as sodium oleate, calcium oleate and potassium oleate, fatty acid esters, fatty acid esters, and surfactants.
- Methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, n-octadecylmethyljetoxysilane, dodecyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2- ( 4—Chlorosulfonyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, silane coupling agents such as alkoxysilanes such as phenethyltrimethoxysilane, titanate coupling agents, aluminum coupling agents and the like. Power is limited to these Not.
- Suitable combinations of the particles (A) and the particles (B) include, for example, the following.
- Anoremina silica, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, etc.
- resin particles using a polyfunctional butyl group-containing conjugate may be used.
- the resin particles that can be the particles (A) or particles (B) are copolymer resin particles containing at least one selected from a dibutyl compound and a di (meth) acrylate copolymer. I prefer that.
- the first functional group present on the surface of the particle (A) and the second functional group present on the surface of the particle (B) are not particularly limited.
- the combination can be arbitrarily selected so that the combination can be combined.
- Specific functional groups include, for example, butyl group, aziridine group, oxazoline group, epoxy group, thioepoxy group, amide group, isocyanate group, carbodiimide group, acetoacetyl group, carboxyl group, carbonyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group, aldehyde Group, mercapto group, and sulfone group.
- At least one of the particles (A) and the particles (B) has an active hydrogen group (e.g., an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a mercapto group) having a high reactivity and easy to obtain a strong bond, a carbodiimide group, Epoxy group and oxazoline group force It is preferable to have at least one selected from the group as a functional group. Further, the adhesion between the particles (A) and the particles (B) and the conductivity of the plating film etc. In consideration of further improving the adhesion of the coating to the uneven particles, it is preferable to have a carbodiimide group.
- Active hydrogen groups are preferably used because they are abundant in organic compounds containing them and can easily impart a large number of functional groups by radical polymerization or the like. Can be.
- Each of the above functional groups can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the compound having the above functional group that can be used in the present invention include the following: Compounds.
- butyl-containing conjugates examples include (i) styrene, 0-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methynolestyrene, ⁇ ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, and ⁇ —methylstyrene.
- (Meth) acrylates having an alkyl fluoride group such as butyl fluoride, bilidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, trifluoroethyl acrylate, and tetrafluoropropyl acrylate (Ix) dibutylbenzene; dibirubiphenyl; dibutylnaphthalene; (poly) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) propylene glycol di (meth) atalylate, (poly) tetramethylene glycol di (meth) ) (Poly) alkylene glycol-based di (meth) atalylates such as atalylate; 1,6 hexanedi Ruji (meth) Atari rate, 1, 8-octanediol di (meth) Atari rate, 1, 9-1-nonanediol di (meth) Atari rate,
- aziridine group-containing compound examples include atalyloyl aziridine, methacryloyl aziridine, 2-aziridi-ruethyl acrylate, 2-aziridi-ruethyl methacrylate, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the oxazoline group-containing conjugate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a compound having two or more oxazoline rings is preferably used.
- unsaturated double bond-containing monomers having an oxazoline group such as 2-butyl 2-oxazoline, 2-butyl 4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-butyl 5-methyl-2-oxazoline, and the like.
- oxazoline group-containing compound commercially available products can also be used.
- WS-500, WS-700, K-1010E, K-2010E, K-1020E, and K-2 of the “Epocross” series 020E, K-1030E, K 2030E, RPS-1005, etc., and a 0 ° deviation is also available from Honshiki Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- a water-soluble or hydrophilic compound is used as the oxazoline group-containing compound. It is preferable to use Specific examples include water-soluble oxazoline group-containing conjugates such as WS-500 and WS-700 in the above Epocros series.
- the epoxy group-containing conjugate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a compound having two or more epoxy groups is preferable.
- glycidyl (meth) acrylate examples include glycidyl (meth) acrylate, (j8-methyl) glycidyl (meth) acrylate, 3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, aryl glycidyl ether, 3, 4 Epoxy group cyclohexane, di (j8-methyl) glycidyl malate, di ( ⁇ -methyl) glycidyl fumarate and other epoxy group-containing monomers; ethylene glycol diglycidinole ether, propylene glycol diglycidinole ether, Glycidyl ethers of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as hexamethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, cyclohexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, pentaerythrito
- the compound of Specific examples of the epoxy group-containing compounds include (poly) alkylene glycol diglycidyl ethers such as (poly) ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, (poly) propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and glycerol polyglycidino.
- water-soluble epoxy group-containing conjugates such as (poly) glycerol polyglycidyl ethers such as leethenole and diglycerone polyglycidinoleatenole, and sorbitol polyglycidyl ethers.
- (poly) glycerol polyglycidyl ethers such as leethenole and diglycerone polyglycidinoleatenole, and sorbitol polyglycidyl ethers.
- amide group-containing conjugate examples include (meth) acrylamide, ⁇ -ethyl (meth) atarylamide, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ methyl (meth) acrylamide, ⁇ butoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, diacetone (meth) acrylamide, and , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, ⁇ , ⁇ dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, ⁇ , ⁇ dimethyl- ⁇ -styrenesulfonamide, ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, Rate, ⁇ , ⁇ Dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, ⁇ , ⁇ Jetylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, ⁇ — [2- (Meth) atalyloyloxetyl] pyridin, ⁇ — [2- (meth) a acryloyloxyethylene] pyrrolidine, ⁇ —
- the isocyanate group-containing conjugate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a polyfunctional isocyanate group-containing conjugate is preferable.
- a polyfunctional isocyanate group-containing conjugate is preferable.
- Examples of the carbodiimide group-containing conjugate used in the present invention include, but are not particularly limited to, compounds represented by the following formula.
- a x and A y independently represent the same or different segments, R 2 independently represents a divalent or higher valent organic group, X represents a carbodiimide group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more.
- divalent or higher valent organic group examples include a hydrocarbon group, an organic group containing a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, and the like, and preferably a divalent hydrocarbon group.
- divalent hydrocarbon group for example, a linear, branched, or cyclic C to C alkylene group,
- the carpoimidimide conjugate represented by the above formula (I) can be produced in the presence of a catalyst that promotes carposimidation of the isocyanate group of the organic polyisocyanate conjugate.
- a catalyst that promotes carposimidation of the isocyanate group of the organic polyisocyanate conjugate Specifically, for example, the method disclosed in JP-A-51-61599, the method of LM Alberino et al. (J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 21, 190 (1990)), — It can be produced by the method disclosed in JP-A-292316.
- Examples of the organic polyisocyanate conjugate as a raw material include the same compounds as those exemplified for the isocyanate group-containing compound in (7) above.
- the carpoimidation reaction is carried out by heating the isocyanate compound in the presence of a carpoimidization catalyst.
- a compound having a functional group having a reactivity with an isocyanate group is added as an end capping agent at an appropriate stage, and the end of the carbodiimide conjugate is sealed (segmented), thereby reducing the molecular weight (degree of polymerization).
- the degree of polymerization can also be adjusted by the concentration of the polyisocyanate conjugate and the reaction time. In some applications, the terminal may not be sealed and may remain as an isocyanate group.
- terminal blocking agent examples include compounds having a hydroxyl group, a primary or secondary amino group, a carboxyl group, a thiol group, and an isocyanate group.
- the molecular weight (degree of polymerization) can be adjusted by sealing (segmenting) the terminal of the carpoimide compound.
- the carbodiimidized conjugate has a water-soluble or hydrophilic property. Those having segments are preferred.
- a x, A y water-soluble or hydrophilic segment as has a hydrophilic group, it is limited in particular as long carbonitrile Jiimidi ⁇ was water I a spoon can segments.
- Specific examples thereof include the residue of an alkyl sulfonate having at least one reactive hydroxyl group such as sodium hydroxyethanesulfonate and sodium hydroxypropanesulfonate; 2 dimethylaminoethanol; 2 dimethylaminoethanol; Dimethylamino 1 propanol, 3 getylamino-1 propanol, 3 getylamino-2 propanol, 5 getylamino-2 propanol, quaternary salts of dialkylamino alcohol residues such as 2- (di-n-butylamino) ethanol, 3-dimethylamino n-propylamine, 3 — Quaternary salts of dialkylaminoalkylamine residues such as n-propylamine, 2 (ethylamino)
- acetoacetyl group-containing conjugate examples include, for example, arylacetoacetate, buracetoacetate, 2-acetoacetoxityl acrylate, 2-acetoacetoxitytyl methacrylate, 2-acetoacetoxoxypropyl atariate And 2-acetoacetoxypropynolemethalate. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the carboxyl group-containing conjugate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include atalylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and monobutyric acid. And various unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids such as monobutyl maleate and unsaturated dibasic acids. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the carbonyl group-containing conjugate include, for example, t-butyloxycarbol group, 1,1-dimethylpropyloxycarbol group, 1-methyl-1-ethylpropyloxycarbonyl group, 1,1- Getylpropyloxycarbol group, 1,1-dimethylbutyloxycarbol group, 1,1-dimethylbutyloxycarbol group, 1,1-dipropylbutyloxycarbol group, 1-methyl-1-phenyl Tylbutyloxycarbol group, 1-methyl-1-propylbutyloxycarbol group, 1-ethyl-1-propylbutyloxycarbol group, 1-phenylethylcarboxyl group, 1-methyl-1-phenyl Tyloxycarbol group, 1-Frpropylpropylcarbol group, 1-Methyl 1-Frpropylpropylcarboxyl group, 1-ethyl 1-Frpropylpropyloxycarbol group, 1-Feryl Rubutylo
- carboxyl group-containing compound examples include ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and acetophenone, and esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl acrylate, and butyrolatatone. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- hydroxyl group-containing compound examples include, for example, hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylic monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, and polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate.
- Polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylic compounds such as polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, hydroxyalkyl butyl ether compounds such as hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, aryl alcohol, 2-hydroxy And hydroxyl group-containing aryl compounds such as tylaryl ether. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- hydroxyl group-containing compound examples include, for example, fully saponified or partially saponified resin such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), saponification of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and other vinyl monomers, and saponification of an acetate-containing polymer. It is better to use a hydroxyl group-containing polymer such as fat.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- amino group-containing compound examples include, for example, aminoethyl acrylate, N-propyl propylaminoethyl acrylate, N-ethylaminopropyl methacrylate, N-phenylaminoethyl methacrylate, N-cyclohexylaminoethyl methacrylate Alkyl ester derivatives of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid containing amino groups, such as arylamines such as arylamine and N-methylarylamine, styrene derivatives containing amino groups such as p-aminostyrene, and 2-Bu-4,6-diamino-S-triazine And the like. Among them, compounds having a primary or secondary amino group are preferable. These are one kind alone, Or two or more kinds can be used in combination.
- aldehyde group-containing compound examples include (meth) acrolein and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the mercapto group-containing compounds include, for example, (i) methanethiol, ethanethiol, n first and iso-propanethiol, n- and iso-butane thiol, Pentanchio Honoré to, Kisanchionore, heptane Chio over Honoré, octane Chio over Honoré, Nonanchionore, Aliphatic alkyl monofunctional thiols such as decane thiol and cyclohexane thiol; (ii) 1,4-dithiane 2 thiol, 2- (1 mercaptomethyl) -1,4-dithiane, 2- (1—mercaptoethyl) — 1,4 dithiane, 2- (1-mercaptopropyl) -1,4 dithiane, 2 (mercaptobutyl) -1,4 dithiane, tetrahydrothiophene 2 thiol, te
- Aliphatic thiols having a group (iv) 2-mercaptoethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-mercapto-1-carboxyethyl (meth) acrylate, N- (2-mercaptoethyl) acrylamide, N- (2- Mercapto 1-carboxyl acrylamide, N- (2 mercaptoethyl) methacrylamide, N- (4 mercaptophenyl) acrylamide, N- (7-mercaptonaphthyl) acrylamide, maleic mono-2-mercaptoethylamide Compound having an unsaturated double bond; (V) 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,3 propanedithiol, 1, 4 Tandithiol, 1,6 hexanedithiol, 1,8 octanedithiol, 1,2 cyclohexanedithiol, ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate, ethylene glycol bisthiopropionate, butane
- sulfone group-containing compound examples include, for example, alkene sulfonic acids such as ethylene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, and (meth) aryl sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acids such as styrene sulfonic acid and a-methyl styrene sulfonic acid, and Cl-10 alkyl (meth ) Sulfo C2-6 alkyl (meth) atalylates such as arylsulfosuccinates, sulfopropyl (meth) acrylates, methyl vinyl sulfonates, 2-hydroxy-13- (meth) atalyloxypropyl sulfonates, 2- (Meth) atariloylamino-2,2 dimethylethanesulfonic acid, 3-(Meth) atariloyloxyethanesulfonic acid, 3 (Meth) atariloyloxy 2 hydroxy
- the polymerizable monomer having the functional group is polymerized by bulk, emulsification, suspension, dispersion polymerization, etc. to directly produce spherical particles, or to pulverize a polymer produced in the same manner.
- organic particles having the functional group on the surface can be obtained.
- the surface of the organic core particles prepared in advance is further covered with a functional group-containing compound or a functional group-containing polymer compound obtained by polymerizing the functional group-containing compound, thereby obtaining organic particles having the functional group on the surface.
- a functional group-containing compound or a functional group-containing polymer compound obtained by polymerizing the functional group-containing compound thereby obtaining organic particles having the functional group on the surface.
- the organic core particles fine particles of the above-mentioned synthetic resin, fine particles of a natural polymer, and the like can be used without particular limitation as long as they are insoluble in the reaction medium.
- the organic core particles may be treated with the surface treatment agent described above.
- a monomer having the above-mentioned respective reactive groups may be used in combination to form a polyfunctional copolymer.
- the amount of monomer added By adjusting the reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature and the like, polyfunctional particles having a plurality of the above-described functional groups can be obtained.
- the average molecular weight is not particularly limited, but is usually 1,000 to 3,000, 000 in weight average molecular weight. It is about 0000.
- Weight average molecular weight is a value measured by gel filtration chromatography
- the inorganic particles are capable of forming a chemical bond with a functional group such as a hydroxyl group present on the surface of the inorganic particles, and are surface-treated with a compound having the above-mentioned functional group, or treated with a surface treating agent.
- a functional group such as a hydroxyl group present on the surface of the inorganic particles
- a surface treating agent By further surface-treating the inorganic particles with the compound having the functional group, inorganic particles having the functional group on the surface can be obtained.
- the surface of the inorganic particles or the surface-treated inorganic particles may be covered with a functional group-containing polymer compound to obtain inorganic-organic composite particles having the functional groups.
- the method of covering the surfaces of the organic core particles and the inorganic particles with the functional group-containing polymer compound layer is not particularly limited.
- a spray dryer method, a seed polymerization method, a functional group-containing polymer compound And a graft polymerization method in which the functional group-containing polymer compound and the particles are chemically bonded to each other are not particularly limited.
- a spray dryer method, a seed polymerization method, a functional group-containing polymer compound And a graft polymerization method in which the functional group-containing polymer compound and the particles are chemically bonded to each other Among them, (1) a polymer layer that is relatively thick and hard to dissolve even when dispersed in a solvent for a long time can be formed. (2) Various functional groups can be provided by changing the type of monomer. (3) It is preferable to use graft polymerization because, if polymerization is performed based on a polymerization initiating group introduced to the particle surface, grafting can be performed with high density. It is.
- a method for forming the functional group-containing polymer compound layer by the graft chain a method in which a graft chain is prepared in advance by dalton polymerization and then chemically bonded to the particle surface, and the graft polymerization is performed on the particle surface
- any method may be used.
- the chemical bond between the organic core particles and the inorganic particles and the graft chain includes a covalent bond, a hydrogen bond, a coordination bond, and the like.
- the reaction for introducing the functional group to obtain particles (A) and particles (B) is preferably performed in the presence of a solvent.
- the functional groups can be homogenized on the surface without applying excessive impact force to the core particles (organic particles or inorganic particles) used as raw materials or the particles obtained by the reaction to impair the physical properties.
- the particles (A) and particles (B) can be obtained in a monodispersed state as much as possible.
- the reaction conditions for introducing a functional group vary depending on the type of functional group introduction reaction, the type of raw materials used, the type of functional group to be introduced, the type of compound having a functional group, the particle concentration, the specific gravity of the particle, etc.
- the reaction temperature is in the range of 10 to 200 ° C, preferably 30 to 130 ° C, more preferably 40 to 90 ° C.
- an appropriate solvent may be selected from general solvents that are not particularly limited, depending on the used raw materials and the like.
- Usable reaction solvents include, for example, water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1 pentanol, 2 pentanol, 3 Pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentynoleanolone, tert-pentinoleanolone, 1-hexanolone, 2-methynole-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethylbutanol, 11 Alcohols such as heptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl-11-hexanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol; methyl
- an appropriate amount of a crosslinking agent may be used depending on the intended use.
- crosslinking agent examples include a vinyl group, an aziridine group, an oxazoline group, an epoxy group, a thioepoxy group, an amide group, an isocyanate group, a carbodiimide group, an acetoacetyl group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an aldehyde group, and a mercapto group.
- polyfunctional organic compounds having a group such as a sulfone group Specific examples thereof include dibutylbenzene; divinylbiphenyl; divinylnaphthalene; and (poly) ethylene glycol. Di (meth) acrylate, (poly) propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (poly).
- (Poly) alkylene glycol di (meth) acrylates such as tetramethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate; 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,8-octanediol di (meth) ately Rate, 1, 9-nonanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1, 10-decanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1, 12-dodecanediol di (meth) acrylate, 3-methyl 1,5-pentanediol Di (meth) atarylate, 2,4-getyl-1,5-pentanediol di (meth) atalylate, butylethylpropanediol di (meth) atalylate, 3-methyl-1,7-octanediol di (meth) atari Alkanediol-based di (meth) atalylates such as acryl
- vinyl group-containing compounds compounds (monomers) containing at least one selected from polyfunctional butyl group-containing compounds, such as divinyl compounds and di (meth) acrylate compounds
- polyfunctional butyl group-containing compounds such as divinyl compounds and di (meth) acrylate compounds
- the modes of introducing the functional groups on the surfaces of the particles (A) and the particles (B) include various ones. At least one of the force particles (A) and the particles (B) is: It is preferable that the surface force is also grafted with a functional group-containing high molecular compound.
- the number average molecular weight of the functional group-containing polymer compound is from 1,000 to 100,000
- the average number of functional groups per molecule of the functional group-containing polymer compound is 2 or more
- the molecular weight of these high molecular compounds is usually about 100 to 1,000,000
- the number average molecular weight is preferably about 500 to 500,000, and more preferably. Or 1000 to 100,000. If the number average molecular weight is more than 000! / ⁇ , the viscosity in the medium is too high, which may adversely affect the monodispersed particles. On the other hand, if the molecular weight is less than 500, it is possible to add projections, but the adhesion strength is weak and the particles may peel off during plating.
- the number average molecular weight is a value measured by gel filtration chromatography (GPC).
- the number of functional groups per molecule is less than 2 on average, sufficient adhesive strength that can withstand plating treatment or the like may not be obtained.
- the average number of functional groups is 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, and even more preferably 5 or more.
- the functional group equivalent is 80 to: L, 500, more preferably 100 to 1,000, and still more preferably 130 to 800.
- equivalent refers to a constant amount assigned to each compound based on the quantitative relationship of the substances in the chemical reaction.
- per molecule for a polymer, (Average) represents the amount of the chemical formula per 1 mol of the reactive functional group.
- the functional group-containing polymer compound can be arbitrarily selected so as to be a combination capable of chemically bonding between the functional groups of both the particles (A) and the particles (B).
- the functional group-containing polymer compound can be arbitrarily selected so as to be a combination capable of chemically bonding between the functional groups of both the particles (A) and the particles (B).
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer copolymerizable with the functional group-containing compound include (i) styrene, 0-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ ethynolestyrene, 2,4 dimethylstyrene, ⁇ — ⁇ -butylstyrene, ⁇ -tert-butynolestyrene, pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octylstyrene, pn-nonylstyrene, pn-decylstyrene, pn-dodecylstyrene, ⁇ Styrenes such as methoxystyrene, ⁇ -phenylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, and 3,4-dichlorostyrene; (i
- the functional group-containing compound (polymerizable compound) and, if necessary, the functional group-containing molecular compound (resin) obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable monomer include styrene. Resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyethylene resin, propylene resin, silicone resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin. And polyvinyl butyral-based resin, rosin-based resin, terpene-based resin, phenol-based resin, melamine-based resin, guanamine-based resin, oxazoline-based resin, and carbodiimide-based resin. The species can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the graft polymerization reaction includes addition polymerization such as radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, ionic oxide polymerization, and ring-opening polymerization, polycondensation such as desorption polymerization, dehydrogenation polymerization, and denitrification polymerization, polyaddition, and polymerization.
- addition polymerization such as radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, ionic oxide polymerization, and ring-opening polymerization
- polycondensation such as desorption polymerization, dehydrogenation polymerization, and denitrification polymerization, polyaddition, and polymerization.
- hydrogen transfer polymerization such as addition, isomerization polymerization, and transfer polymerization, and addition condensation.
- radical polymerization is preferred.
- the molecular weight and molecular weight of the graft chain The molecular weight distribution or the graft density is controlled, and in some cases, living radical polymerization is used.
- the covalent bond of the dormant species P—X is reversibly cleaved by heat, light, or the like, dissociated into P radicals and X radicals, and the polymerization proceeds.
- Dissociation bond mechanism (ii) atom transfer mechanism (ATRP) in which PX is activated by the action of a transition metal complex to promote polymerization, and (iii) PX undergoes exchange reaction with other radicals to initiate polymerization.
- ARP atom transfer mechanism
- the conditions for the graft polymerization are not particularly limited, and various known conditions may be used depending on the monomers used and the like.
- a reactive functional group introduced into (or originally present on) the core particle is 0.1 mol.
- the amount of the monomer having a first or second functional group capable of reacting therewith is 1 to 300 mol, and the amount of the polymerization initiator used is usually 0.05 to 30 mol.
- the polymerization temperature is usually from 20 to 200 ° C., and the polymerization time is usually from 0.2 to 72 hours.
- the functional group-containing polymer compound layer formed by the graft polymerization is not only formed by performing a polymerization reaction on the surface of the core particle as described above. It can also be formed by reacting a contained polymer compound with a reactive functional group on the particle surface.
- the mixing ratio of the functional group-containing polymer compound and the core particles is not particularly limited! /, But the amount of the functional group-containing polymer compound added to the reactive functional groups of the core particles If the equivalent ratio is about 0.3 to 30, the equivalent ratio is preferably 0.8 to 20, and the equivalent ratio is more preferably 1 to 10.
- the amount of the functional group-containing polymer compound added exceeds 30 in equivalent ratio, it is possible to produce particles (A) and particles (B) having the functional group-containing polymer compound on the surface. In many cases, the amount of unreacted polymer compound remaining is unfavorable in production. On the other hand, if the added amount is less than 0.3 in terms of the equivalent ratio, the adhesiveness of the projections of the obtained particles (A) (or particles (B) as a raw material) may be reduced.
- the method of reacting the particles with the polymer includes, for example, a dehydration reaction, a nucleophilic substitution reaction, an electrophilic substitution reaction, an electrophilic addition reaction, and an adsorption reaction.
- the polymerization initiator used for radical polymerization is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from known radical polymerization initiators. Specific examples include benzoyl peroxide, cumenehydride peroxide, t-butylhydride peroxide, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and the like, azobisisobutymouth-tolyl, azobismethylbutymouth- And azo compounds such as tolyl and azobisisovalero-tolyl. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymerization solvent may be appropriately selected from the various solvents described above according to the target particles, the raw material monomers to be used, and the like.
- particles (A) and particles (B) are produced by a polymerization reaction
- known (polymer) dispersants and stabilizers used in general polymer synthesis are used depending on the polymerization method used.
- An emulsifier, a surfactant, a catalyst (reaction accelerator) and the like can be appropriately compounded.
- the first functional group present on the surface of the particle (A) and the second functional group present on the surface of the particle (B) are combined.
- the method is not particularly limited as long as it is a method by which the particles can be formed into concavo-convex particles by a dagger connection, but a method of mixing the particles (A) and the particles (B) in the presence of a dispersion medium is preferable. .
- the particles (A) and the particles (B) can be bonded with uniform or random spacing between irregularities, which does not impair physical properties by applying an excessive impact force to the particles.
- the dispersion medium is not particularly limited as long as the particles (A) and the particles (B) do not dissolve, and may be appropriately selected and used as described above.
- the particles (A) and the particles (B) are a particle having a functional group-containing polymer compound grafted from the surface, a medium in which the grafted polymer compound is dissolved
- a medium which is preferable to use, the bonding range of the particles (A) and the particles (B) is increased, so that the bonding between the particles can be further strengthened.
- both particles (A) and particles (B) have a high functional group content grafted from the surface.
- the bond between the particles can be further strengthened.
- the functional groups in the polymer compound can be used to the maximum extent, i.e., the reaction area increases, resulting in an increase in the bonding area.
- the bond with the polymer be further strengthened, but also the contact area between the polymer compounds increases, so that the adhesive force unique to the polymer compound is exerted, and a stronger bond is formed.
- the reaction solvent is appropriately selected from the reaction solvents described above in consideration of the materials constituting the particles (A) and the particles (B), the types of the first and second functional group-containing polymer compounds, and the like.
- the reaction solvent lOOg in the case of a mixed solvent, lOOg of the whole mixed solvent
- suitable solvents include water; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol; ether alcohols such as methylcellosolve, etinoleserosonoleb, isopropylcellosolve, butinoresosolve, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; And water-soluble organic solvents such as setone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide and the like, and mixed solvents thereof.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol
- ether alcohols such as methylcellosolve, etinoleserosonoleb, isopropylcellosolve, butinoresosolve, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
- water-soluble organic solvents such as setone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide and the like, and mixed solvents thereof.
- the reaction conditions vary depending on the types of the first and second functional groups, the particle concentration, the specific gravity of the particles, and the like, and cannot be unconditionally specified.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 10 to 200 ° C. It is preferably in the range of 30 to 130 ° C, more preferably 40 to 90 ° C.
- the reaction time is usually about 2 to 48 hours, preferably about 8 to 24 hours. Even if the reaction time is set to be longer than 48 hours, irregular particles can be obtained, but it is not advisable to carry out the reaction under conditions that require a long time in view of the production efficiency.
- the solution concentration at the time of binding reaction if calculated by the following calculation formula, 1 to 60 wt%, the good Mashiku 5 to 40 mass 0/0, more preferably 10 to 30 mass 0/0 is there.
- Solution concentration (% by mass) [ ⁇ Particle (A) mass + Particle (B) mass> Z total solution mass] X 100
- the solution concentration exceeds 60% by mass, particles (A) or particles (B ) Is excessive, the balance in the solution may be lost, and it may be difficult to obtain monodispersed uneven particles.
- the above solution concentration is less than 1% by mass, irregular particles can be obtained, but it is not advisable to increase the possibility of lowering productivity such as the necessity of performing the reaction for a long time. .
- the uneven particles it is important to adjust at least the particles (A) to such an extent that the particles (A) are not uniformly covered with the particles (B).
- the uniformly coated uneven particles are subjected to plating treatment or the like, as the thickness of the conductive film increases, the unevenness due to the particles (B) decreases, and eventually disappears. There is a possibility that high conductivity may not be obtained in the conductive uneven particles.
- the diameter of the protrusions formed from the particles (B) and the distance between the protrusions are changed by adjusting the addition amounts of the particles (A) and the particles (B), the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the type of the polymerization medium, and the like, as appropriate. It is possible. Particles (A) and particles (B) must have a large particle diameter, specific gravity, etc. in order to obtain particles having convex portions at appropriate intervals without covering particles (A) uniformly with particles (B).
- the amount of the added kneaded particles (B) to the particles (A) is usually 0.01 to
- the mixing treatment may be performed at 50% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 1.0 to 15% by mass.
- a known dispersant, antioxidant, stabilizer, emulsifier, catalyst, and the like can be appropriately added to the reaction system in an amount of 0.01 to 50% by mass in the reaction solution.
- examples of the dispersant and the stabilizer include polyhydroxystyrene, polystyrenesulfonic acid, bulphenol- (meth) acrylate copolymer, styrene- (meth) acrylate copolymer, styrene Polystyrene derivatives such as bulfenol- (meth) acrylate copolymer; poly (meth) acrylic acid, poly (meth) acrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethyl (meth) acrylate, and polybutyl (meth) acrylate (Meth) acrylic acid derivatives; polyvinyl alkyl ethers such as polymethyl vinyl ether, polyethyl vinyl ether, polybutyl vinyl ether, and polyisobutyl vinyl ether Tenore derivatives; cellulose derivatives such as senorelose, methinoresenorelose, senorelose acetate, senorelose nitrate,
- emulsifier examples include alkyl sulfate esters such as sodium lauryl sulfate, alkyl benzene sulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, fatty acid salts, and alkyl phosphates.
- alkyl sulfate esters such as sodium lauryl sulfate
- alkyl benzene sulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, fatty acid salts, and alkyl phosphates.
- ionic emulsifiers such as alkylamine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl betaines and amine oxides; and polyoxyethylene alkylenes.
- Non-emulsifiers such as polyether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, etc. No. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive uneven particles using the uneven particles for plating or vapor deposition described above are configured to include the above uneven particles and a conductive film formed on the surface of the uneven particles.
- at least a part of the surface of the conductive film has irregularities corresponding to the irregular particles, and preferably the entire surface of the conductive film has irregularities corresponding to the irregular particles for plating or vapor deposition. Things.
- the unevenness corresponding to the unevenness particles for plating or vapor deposition processing refers to the projections (and the resulting projections) composed of particles (B) (and Z or aggregates of particles (B)) bonded to particles (A). It means a convex portion (concave portion) reflecting the concave portion.
- the thickness of the conductive film may be, In addition, the thickness is adjusted appropriately in consideration of the conductivity of the conductive irregularities and the like, and the thickness should be of such a degree that the irregularities of the irregularities for plating or vapor deposition are buried. In consideration of imparting electric conductivity, 0 .: Lm or more is preferable.
- This conductive film was measured by embedding a small amount of conductive asperity particles in a resin with an ultramicrotome (manufactured by Leica Mic Co., Ltd.) to a thickness of about 100 nm to produce a thin film sample.
- Scanning transmission electron image S-4800, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation; hereinafter, referred to as STEM
- the metal material constituting the conductive film is not particularly limited, but may be copper, nickel, cobalt, palladium, gold, platinum, rhodium, silver, zinc, iron, lead, tin, aluminum, Indium, chromium, antimony, bismuth, germanium, cadmium, silicon, etc. can be used.
- a method of forming the conductive film As a method of forming the conductive film, a known plating method or a method of performing discharge coating by vacuum deposition or the like can be adopted. However, considering the dispersibility of the particles and the uniformity of the thickness of the conductive layer, etc. The electrolytic plating method is preferred.
- a complexing agent is added to the aqueous slurry-like irregularity particles by a known method and equipment, and the dispersion is sufficiently dispersed. It can be obtained by adding a chemical solution constituting the plating solution to form a metal coating.
- the complexing agent may be appropriately selected from various known compounds having a complexing effect on the metal ion to be used.
- Examples thereof include citric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, dalconic acid and the like.
- Examples thereof include carboxylic acids (salts) such as alkali metal salts and ammonium salts, amino acids such as glycine, amine acids such as ethylenediamine and alkylamine, and other ammonium, EDTA and pyrophosphate (salts). .
- the electroless plating liquid is preferably a liquid containing one or more metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt, palladium, gold, platinum, and rhodium.
- the electroless plating reaction is performed by adding an aqueous solution of a reducing agent such as sodium phosphite, hydrazine, sodium borohydride and the like and a pH adjusting agent such as sodium hydroxide.
- a reducing agent such as sodium phosphite, hydrazine, sodium borohydride and the like
- a pH adjusting agent such as sodium hydroxide.
- copper, Those containing metals such as nickel, silver, and gold are commercially available as electroless plating solutions and can be obtained at low cost.
- the number average molecular weight is a value measured by gel filtration chromatography.
- GPC measuring device C-R7A, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- UV spectrophotometer detector SPD-6A
- a mixture obtained by mixing the following raw material conjugates and the like in the following proportions was charged all at once, and the dissolved oxygen was replaced with nitrogen.At a nitrogen gas flow, the oil bath temperature was 80 ° C. The mixture was heated and stirred for about 15 hours to prepare a styrene-based copolymer particle solution having a carboxyl group.
- the obtained particle solution was repeatedly washed and filtered about 3 to 5 times with a mixed solution of water and methanol (mass ratio 3: 7) by a known suction filtration equipment and vacuum-dried to obtain core particles 1.
- Observation and measurement of the particle diameter of the core particle 1 by SEM revealed spherical particles having an average particle diameter of 3.5 m.
- Styrene-methacrylic copolymer resin solution 70 Og
- Core particles 2 were obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that the following raw materials were used in the following proportions. Observation and measurement of the particle diameter of the core particles 2 by SEM revealed spherical particles having an average particle diameter of 12.9 m.
- Styrene-methacrylic copolymer resin solution 60 Og
- Core particles 3 were obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that the following raw materials were used in the following proportions and the oil bath temperature was 70 ° C. Observation and measurement of the particle diameter of the core particles 3 by SEM revealed spherical particles having an average particle diameter of 0.4 m.
- the particle solution was repeatedly washed and filtered with THF for about 3 to 5 times using a known suction filtration apparatus, and then dried under vacuum to obtain core particles 4 having a hardening component.
- Observation and measurement of the particle diameter of the core particles 4 by SEM revealed that the particles were spherical particles having an average particle diameter of 4.5 m. Also, the Cv value (degree of variation) was 4.0%.
- the compression elasticity was measured using a micro compression tester (MCT-W201, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the 10% K value (K) was 2500 mm and the breaking point was 23 mN.
- the 10% K value is a value defined by the following formula for the compression elastic deformation characteristic ⁇ of one particle at a particle diameter displacement of 10%.
- R represent the radius of fine particles (mm).
- the obtained particle solution is washed about 3 to 5 times with a water-methanol mixed solution (3: 7) for about 3 to 5 times by a known suction filtration equipment, and is repeatedly vacuum-dried to obtain composite particles (grafted particles 1). Obtained.
- this grafted particle 1 was measured with a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR8200PC, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, hereafter referred to as FT-IR), an absorption peak due to a carbodiimide group was obtained at a wavelength of about 2150 (lZcm). Thus, it was confirmed that the polymer having a carbodiimide group was grafted.
- FT-IR8200PC Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer
- particles having grafted carbodiimide groups were obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 8.
- grafted particles 4 were measured by FT-IR, an absorption peak due to the carbodiimide group was obtained at a wavelength of about 2150 (lZcm), which confirmed that the polymer having the carbodiimide group was grafted.
- the obtained particle solution is washed about 3 to 5 times with a water-methanol mixed solution (3: 7) about 3 to 5 times in a known suction filtration equipment, and is repeatedly vacuum-dried to obtain composite particles (grafted particles 5). Obtained.
- grafted particles 5 were measured by FT-IR, an absorption peak due to an epoxy group was obtained at a wavelength of about 910 (lZcm), confirming that the polymer having an epoxy group was graphed. .
- spherical silica particles manufactured by Ube Nitto Danisei Co., Ltd.
- DMF dimethylformamide
- 3- was added and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C for 30 minutes.
- 32 g of AIBNO., 8.4 g of styrene, and 3.6 g of methacrylic acid were added, and the mixture was reacted by heating at 70 ° C for about 15 hours with stirring.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- alumina particles obtained by classifying alumina particles (manufactured by Admatechs) into 90 g of DMF were well dispersed. Subsequently, 0.2 g of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C for 30 minutes. Thereafter, 0.32 g of AIBN, 7.0 g of styrene, and 3.0 g of methacrylic acid were added, and the mixture was reacted by heating at 70 ° C. for about 15 hours.
- Composite particles were obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 14 except that spherical silica particles (average particle size: 9.9 ⁇ m, manufactured by Ube Nitto Danisei Co., Ltd.) were used (grafted particles 8).
- the number average molecular weight was about 35,000.
- the theoretical average carboxyl equivalent is 287 c
- styrene-only composite particles (grafted particles 9) were produced in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 13.
- FT-IR IR spectrum of the grafted particles 9
- an absorption derived from a benzene ring appeared at around 700 cm 1.
- Styrene was confirmed to have been grafted.
- the number average molecular weight was about 11,000.
- the obtained particle solution is washed about 3 to 5 times with methanol in a known suction filtration apparatus to remove insolubles by repeating filtration, vacuum-dried, and then subjected to plating or vapor deposition uneven particles (hereinafter referred to as uneven particles).
- uneven particles plating or vapor deposition uneven particles
- Observation of the shape of the particles by SEM revealed that the particles had irregularities in which at least three monodispersed primary particles having no aggregation at the surface layer were bonded.
- Fig. 1 shows an SEM photograph of the obtained uneven particles.
- Uneven particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the particles (A) were changed to the grafted particles 2 and the particles (B) were changed to the grafted particles 7.
- the obtained particle solution was repeatedly washed and filtered about 3 to 5 times with methanol in a known suction filtration apparatus to remove insolubles, and dried under vacuum to obtain composite particles. Observation of the shape of the particles by SEM revealed that the particles were irregular and consisted of three or more monodispersed primary particles with no aggregation at least in the surface layer.
- Particle (A) Grafted particle 5 5. Og
- Uneven particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the particles (A) were changed to the grafted particles 8 and the particles (B) were changed to the grafted particles 3. Observation of the shape of the particles by SEM revealed that the particles had irregularities in which three or more monodispersed primary particles having no aggregation at least in the surface layer portion were bonded.
- the obtained particle solution was repeatedly washed and filtered about 3 to 5 times with methanol in a known suction filtration apparatus to remove insolubles, and dried under vacuum to obtain composite particles. Observation of the shape of the particles by SEM revealed that there were almost no particles having irregularities on the surface layer.
- Core particle 5 (polystyrene only) 5. Og
- Uneven particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the particles (B) were changed to the grafted particles 9. When the shape of the particles was observed by SEM, particles having a slight surface unevenness were obtained.
- Example 4 Epoxy 170 500 or more Calho' Xyl 287 35000 ⁇
- Example 5 Calco 'Xyl 287 35000 Calco' Si 'imito' 265 1852 ⁇ Comparative Example 1 No surface functional group 287 11000 X Comparative Example 2 or Reho 'Si' Imito '265 1852 Kraft (E. polystyrene) 11000 ⁇ Comparative Example 3 Surface cation-treated silica particles ⁇
- Each lg of the irregular particles is placed in 100 ml of a water-methanol mixed solution (mass ratio 3: 7), and subjected to vibration or impact with a homogenizer (US-150T, manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho) for 5 minutes. Transferred to a 300 ml flask. 100 ml of a mixed solution of water and methanol (mass ratio 3: 7) was poured into this flask and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours at 400 rpm using a crescent type stirring blade with a long diameter of 8 cm. Then, shear was applied to the particles. Next, filtration was performed twice using a known suction filtration device, followed by vacuum drying to obtain particles. The shape of the particles was observed by SEM, and the connectivity of the projections was evaluated.
- a homogenizer US-150T, manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho
- the uneven particles of Examples 1 to 5 are convex because the particles (A) and the particles (B) are bonded by a dangling bond through a functional group. It can be seen that the bonding strength of the parts is excellent. On the other hand, it can be seen that the bumpy particles of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 have significantly inferior bonding strength at the protrusions. Further, from the results of Examples 1 to 5, when at least one of the functional groups of the particles (A) and the particles (B) is a carbodiimide group, there is no carbodiimide group, and the bonding strength of the convex portion is higher than in the case where It can be seen that is improved.
- the plating solution was filtered, and the filtrate was washed three times with a 10% by mass aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, and then dried at 100 ° C under vacuum to obtain conductive particles having a nickel coating.
- the plating reaction (about 15 minutes) stopped, the plating solution was filtered, and the filtrate was washed three times with a 10% by mass aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, and then dried at 100 ° C under vacuum to obtain conductive particles having a nickel coating.
- Conductive particles were obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, except that the uneven particles obtained in Examples 2 to 5 were used.
- Conductive particles were obtained by performing the same process as in Reference Example 1 except that the uneven particles obtained in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were used.
- the conductive particles obtained in Reference Examples 1 to 5 almost reflected the unevenness of the uneven particles before the plating treatment, and were firmly bonded. It was proved that the particles were suitable for processing.
- the conductive particles of Reference Examples 6 and 7 were particles whose unevenness disappeared or remained only partially in the plating treatment, indicating that they were not suitable for the plating treatment.
- the thickness of the nickel coating layer obtained in Reference Examples 1 to 7 was measured with a scanning transmission electron microscope (S-4800, manufactured by STEM, Ltd., Hitachi, Ltd.). For 1 ⁇ m or more.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2006513763A JPWO2005113650A1 (ja) | 2004-05-24 | 2005-05-24 | めっきまたは蒸着処理用凹凸粒子 |
US11/569,462 US20080124552A1 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2005-05-24 | Particle With Rough Surface For Plating Or Vapor Deposition |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009087877A (ja) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-04-23 | Sony Chemical & Information Device Corp | 導電性粒子及びこれを用いた異方性導電材料 |
JP2012525496A (ja) * | 2009-04-30 | 2012-10-22 | コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ | 金属化された基体を調製するためのプロセス、その基体、およびその使用 |
JP2013129855A (ja) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-07-04 | Adeka Corp | 無電解めっき前処理剤及び該前処理剤を用いた無電解めっき前処理方法 |
KR20160135295A (ko) | 2014-03-18 | 2016-11-25 | 가부시기가이샤 닛뽕쇼꾸바이 | 수지입자, 도전성 미립자 및 그것을 사용한 이방성 도전재료 |
JPWO2018084121A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-01 | 2019-09-19 | 太陽ホールディングス株式会社 | プリント配線板用の硬化性絶縁性組成物、ドライフィルム、硬化物、プリント配線板およびプリント配線板用の硬化性絶縁性組成物の製造方法 |
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US8557100B2 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2013-10-15 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Metal plating additive, and method for plating substrates and products therefrom |
JP5973257B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-03 | 2016-08-23 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | 導電性粒子及びそれを含む導電性材料 |
JP6581330B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-13 | 2019-09-25 | アクゾ ノーベル コーティングス インターナショナル ビー ヴィ | 塗料組成物及びこれを塗装して得られる塗膜 |
US10058502B2 (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2018-08-28 | L'oreal | Nail polish compositions |
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JPH10338710A (ja) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-12-22 | Mitsuru Akashi | 高分子超微粒子集合体の製造方法 |
JP2001342377A (ja) * | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 複合粒子およびその製造方法 |
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US3929733A (en) * | 1974-10-02 | 1975-12-30 | Upjohn Co | Polycarbodiimides from 4,4{40 -methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and certain carbocyclic monoisocyanates |
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- 2005-05-24 WO PCT/JP2005/009458 patent/WO2005113650A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-05-24 US US11/569,462 patent/US20080124552A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-24 CN CNA2005800165840A patent/CN1957023A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
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JPH10338710A (ja) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-12-22 | Mitsuru Akashi | 高分子超微粒子集合体の製造方法 |
JP2001342377A (ja) * | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 複合粒子およびその製造方法 |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009087877A (ja) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-04-23 | Sony Chemical & Information Device Corp | 導電性粒子及びこれを用いた異方性導電材料 |
JP2012525496A (ja) * | 2009-04-30 | 2012-10-22 | コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ | 金属化された基体を調製するためのプロセス、その基体、およびその使用 |
JP2013129855A (ja) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-07-04 | Adeka Corp | 無電解めっき前処理剤及び該前処理剤を用いた無電解めっき前処理方法 |
KR20160135295A (ko) | 2014-03-18 | 2016-11-25 | 가부시기가이샤 닛뽕쇼꾸바이 | 수지입자, 도전성 미립자 및 그것을 사용한 이방성 도전재료 |
US9920155B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2018-03-20 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Resin particles, conductive microparticles, and anisotropic conductive material using same |
JPWO2018084121A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-01 | 2019-09-19 | 太陽ホールディングス株式会社 | プリント配線板用の硬化性絶縁性組成物、ドライフィルム、硬化物、プリント配線板およびプリント配線板用の硬化性絶縁性組成物の製造方法 |
JP7053485B2 (ja) | 2016-11-01 | 2022-04-12 | 太陽ホールディングス株式会社 | プリント配線板用の硬化性絶縁性組成物、ドライフィルム、硬化物、プリント配線板およびプリント配線板用の硬化性絶縁性組成物の製造方法 |
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