WO2005103108A1 - 環状オレフィン系開環共重合体およびその用途ならびに該共重合体を含む位相差板の製造方法 - Google Patents
環状オレフィン系開環共重合体およびその用途ならびに該共重合体を含む位相差板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005103108A1 WO2005103108A1 PCT/JP2005/007515 JP2005007515W WO2005103108A1 WO 2005103108 A1 WO2005103108 A1 WO 2005103108A1 JP 2005007515 W JP2005007515 W JP 2005007515W WO 2005103108 A1 WO2005103108 A1 WO 2005103108A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
- C08G61/04—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms
- C08G61/06—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds
- C08G61/08—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds of carbocyclic compounds containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
- C08G61/04—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms
- C08G61/06—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
- B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/38—Polymers of cycloalkenes, e.g. norbornene or cyclopentene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer that can be stretched at a relatively low temperature without causing problems such as cloudiness.
- the present invention also relates to a film, a sheet and a retardation film containing such a cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer, and to a method for producing the retardation plate.
- Cyclic olefin-based ring-opened (co) polymers are amorphous and light-transmitting due to the presence of bulky groups in the main chain structure, which have a high glass transition temperature due to the rigidity of the main chain structure, and Although it has a high refractive index, it has low birefringence due to its small refractive anisotropy.It has attracted attention as a transparent thermoplastic resin with excellent heat resistance, transparency, and optical properties. I have.
- Such cyclic olefin-based ring-opening (co) polymers include, for example, those described in Patent Documents 1 to 6.
- Patent Documents 7 to 10 disclose a retardation plate (an optical film having a function of imparting a phase difference to transmitted light; also referred to as a retardation film) in which a cyclic olefin-based ring-opening (co) polymer has a film strength. Is described.
- Patent Documents 11 to 13 disclose the use of a cyclic olefin-based ring-opening (co) polymer film as a protective film for a polarizing plate. Further, Patent Document 14 describes a substrate for a liquid crystal display element comprising a film of a cyclic olefin-based ring-opening (co) polymer.
- the present inventor has conducted intensive studies in view of such a situation, and as a result, has a specific structural unit, a differential scanning calorimetry curve of DSC shows a single peak, and a rising temperature width of the peak (hereinafter referred to as "the rising temperature width").
- the Tg distribution is 35 ° C or lower and the glass transition temperature is 110 ° C or higher.
- the present invention was completed without any problem, and was found to be suitable for use as a film or sheet and a retardation plate.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-1 132625
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-1 132626
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-63-218726
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-2-133413
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-61-120816
- Patent Document 6 JP-A-61-115912
- Patent Document 7 JP-A-4-245202
- Patent Document 8 JP-A-4-36120
- Patent document 9 JP-A-5-2108
- Patent Document 10 JP-A-5-64865
- Patent Document 11 JP-A-5-212828
- Patent Document 12 JP-A-6-51117
- Patent Document 13 JP-A-7-77608
- Patent Document 14 JP-A-5-61026
- the present invention can respond to the demand for advanced characteristics as a retardation plate, and does not cause problems such as white turbidity even when stretched under a temperature condition close to the glass transition temperature (Tg). It is an object of the present invention to provide a cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer which is suitable for use in V-shape-free films, films or sheets and which can easily obtain a retardation plate having a desired retardation. Another object of the present invention is to provide a film or sheet containing the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer, a retardation plate comprising the film or sheet, and a method for producing the retardation plate.
- the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention has a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1), and a differential scanning calorimetry curve of DSC shows a single peak, and the peak of the peak Above The temperature range is 35 ° C or less, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) is 110 ° C or more.
- Atom, a halogen atom, an oxygen, nitrogen, Iou or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms may also be substituted or unsubstituted have a linking group containing a Kei element; represents or polar groups, and R 1 R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 may combine with each other to form a monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
- Such a cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention preferably has two or more types of structural units represented by the general formula (1), and is further represented by the general formula (1). It is more preferable to have no structural unit other than the structural unit.
- the cyclic Orefin based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention 8-methyl-8-Metokishikaru ball - Rutetorashikuro [4. 4. 0. I 2 '5 I 7.' 10] - 3- dodecene and tricyclo It is particularly preferable to be a copolymer comprising [4. 3. 0. I 2 ' 5 ] deca-3,7-gen.
- the film or sheet of the present invention is characterized by containing the above-mentioned cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention.
- the retardation plate of the present invention is characterized in that the film or sheet of the present invention is stretched and oriented.
- the above-mentioned film or sheet of the present invention is prepared by subjecting a cyclic olefin copolymer contained in the film or sheet to a temperature condition of Tg to (Tg + 10) ° C. It is characterized in that it is stretched and oriented in certain cases.
- a film or sheet can be suitably formed, and the film can be stretched even at a relatively low temperature near Tg without causing problems such as white turbidity.
- a cyclic olefin copolymer can be provided.
- FIG. 1 shows a DSC measurement chart of the copolymer (1) obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 shows a DSC measurement chart of the copolymer (2) obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 3 shows a DSC measurement chart of the copolymer (3) obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a chart of DSC measurement of the copolymer (4) obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- the cyclic olefin-based copolymer according to the present invention has a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1).
- Atom, a halogen atom, an oxygen, nitrogen, Iou or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms may also be substituted or unsubstituted have a linking group containing a Kei element; represents or polar groups, and R 1 R 2 , or R 3 and R 4 may combine with each other to form a monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
- the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) is a cyclic olefin monomer represented by the following general formula (2) (hereinafter referred to as “specific monomer (1)”) by ring-opening copolymerization. ).
- R 5 to R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; a linking group containing oxygen, nitrogen, iodine or silicon! ⁇ represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; or a polar group.
- Ri to R 7 each independently have a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; a linking group containing oxygen, nitrogen, iodide or silicon. Represents an optionally substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; or a polar group.
- Examples of the no and logen atoms include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group; a cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group; a butyl group, an aryl group and a propenyl group. And an alkyl group such as a group.
- the above-mentioned substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group may be directly bonded to the ring structure, or may be bonded via a linking group.
- a linking group for example, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, 1 (CH) (where m is an integer of 1 to 10)
- alkylene group represented by a number
- a linking group containing oxygen, nitrogen, iodide or silicon eg, a carboxy group (—CO—), an oxycarboyl group (—O (CO) —), a sulfone group) (—SO-
- alkyl group such as tyl)
- linking group containing a plurality of these groups.
- Examples of the polar group include a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a carboxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbol group, a cyano group, an amide group, Examples include a mid group, a triorganosiloxy group, a triorganosilyl group, an amino group, an acyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, a sulfol group, and a carboxyl group.
- the alkoxy group includes, for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group and the like;
- the carboxy group includes, for example, an alkyl group such as an acetoxyl group, a propio-loxy group, and the like.
- Arylcarbonyl groups; alkoxycarbonyl groups include, for example, methoxycarbonyl groups and ethoxycarbonyl groups; aryloxycarbon groups include, for example, phenoxycarbonyl and naphthyl groups; A methoxycarbyl group, a fluore-loxycarbol group, a biphenyloxylcarboxyl group, and the like; a triorganosiloxy group includes, for example, a trimethylsiloxy group, a triethylsiloxy group; and the like.
- Silyl groups include trimethylsilyl and triethylsilyl. Such groups can be mentioned; as the amino groups include primary Amino group, the alkoxysilyl group, for example a trimethoxysilyl group, and triethoxy silyl group.
- Specific examples of the specific monomer (1) used in the present invention include, for example, bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene,
- At least one specific monomer is a specific polar group represented by the following general formula (4) of Ri ⁇ R 4 in the general formula (2)
- Use of the isomer (1) is preferred in view of the balance between the heat resistance and the moisture (water) resistance of the obtained ring-opening copolymer.
- n is usually 0 or an integer of 1 to 5
- R 8 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
- n is a force that is usually 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 0 or 1
- R 8 is a force that is usually a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group is
- the alkyl group when an alkyl group is further bonded to the carbon atom to which the polar group represented by the above general formula (4) is bonded, Preferable for balancing heat resistance and water absorption (wet)!
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2, and particularly preferably 1.
- DCP-based monomer represented by the general formula (3) used in the present invention include, for example, Tricyclo [4. 3. 0. I 2 ' 5 ] Deca 3, 7 gen (DCP),
- the power which can be mentioned is not limited to these examples.
- the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention has a narrow differential scanning calorimetry curve of DSC showing a single peak, and a Tg distribution, which is a rising temperature width of the peak, of 35 ° C or less; It has a distribution, and has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 110 ° C or more and has excellent heat resistance.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the differential scanning calorimetry curve of the DSC used in the present invention is obtained when measured in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 20 ° CZ. Further, the rising temperature width of the peak is the width between inflection points at which the baseline force peak rises.
- the Tg of the cyclic olefinic ring-opening copolymer is the maximum peak temperature (point A) of the differential differential scanning calorie and the temperature 20 ° C above the maximum peak temperature (point B) plotted on the differential scanning calorimetric curve. Then, it is obtained as the intersection of the tangent line on the baseline starting from point B and the tangent line starting from point A.
- the specific monomer (1) and the DCP-based monomer represented by the general formula (3) a force for ring-opening copolymerization of two or more selected monomers Tg distribution Is below 35 ° C
- Tg distribution Is below 35 ° C a force for ring-opening copolymerization of two or more selected monomers
- the monomer composition ratio in the polymerization system does not significantly change between the initial stage and the late stage of the polymerization.
- [M] is the concentration of monomer M in the reaction vessel
- [M] is the reaction vessel
- r and r are the copolymers of monomer M and M, respectively.
- the variation width is preferably 1.1 or less, particularly preferably 0.84 or less. In order to keep the variation width to 1.1 or less, it is necessary to stop the polymerization during the polymerization (transfer rate 70% or less).
- reactivity of a monomer refers to, for example, “Polymer Synthetic Chemistry” (published by Tokyo Denki University), supervised by Yuya Yamashita, P65, or “Polymer Chemistry” (Baifukan), Hidetoshi Tsuchida It can be measured by the Fineman-Ross method described in P. 214, p.
- the ring-opening polymerization reaction of the monomer composition containing the specific monomer (1) and the Z or DCP-based monomer can be performed by a known method, while keeping in mind the reactivity of the main and sub-monomers. It can be implemented in any way.
- those obtained by ring-opening polymerization of a monomer composition containing the specific monomer (1) and Z or DCP-based monomer only have an olefinic unsaturated bond in the molecule and have high heat resistance. It is preferable that the olefinic unsaturated bond is hydrogenated because of problems such as coloring, but a known method can be applied to the hydrogenation reaction.
- the hydrogenation rate of the unsaturated unsaturated bond is usually at least 80 mol%, preferably at least 90 mol%, and more preferably at least 95 mol%.
- the hydrogenation reaction in the present invention refers to an olefinic unsaturated bond in a molecule.
- the aromatic addition The group group does not necessarily need to be hydrogenated because it may have an advantageous effect on optical characteristics such as a refractive index and heat resistance.
- the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer contains the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) as an essential component, and may further contain other structural units as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Can be contained.
- Such a structural unit is formed by, for example, ring-opening copolymerizing a cycloolefin monomer such as cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cycloheptene, or cyclootaten with the above-mentioned specific monomer (1) and Z or DCP-based monomer. be able to.
- the main chain of polybutadiene, polyisoprene, styrene-butadiene copolymer, ethylene non-conjugated gen copolymer, polynorbornene, etc. has no olefinic property. It can also be formed by ring-opening polymerization of the above-mentioned specific monomer (1) and Z or DCP-based monomer in the presence of an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based polymer having a saturated bond. When the copolymer has a suitable structural unit, the impact resistance of the copolymer of the present invention is improved.
- the molecular weight of the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention is generally a number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of 8,000 to 1,000, 000, preferably ⁇ 10,000 to 500,000, more preferably ⁇ 20,000 to 100,000, and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene is usually 10,000 to 3,000. 000, 000, preferred ⁇ 20,000 to 1,000,000, even more preferred ⁇ is in the range of 30, 000 to 500,000!
- Mn number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography
- the molecular weight distribution (MwZMn) of the copolymer of the present invention is usually 1.5 to 10, preferably 2 to 8, and more preferably 2.2 to 5.
- the saturated water absorption force normally 0 in 23 ° C. 01 ⁇ 1 weight 0/0, preferably from 0.05 to 0.7 wt 0/0, further Preferably, it is 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
- the saturated water absorption of the copolymer of the present invention is within the above range, various optical properties, transparency, retardation and uniformity of retardation of the obtained film, or dimensional accuracy, and high temperature and high humidity can be obtained. Under such conditions, it is stable and has good adhesion to other materials.It does not peel off during use, and is compatible with additives such as antioxidants. Since the solubility is good, the degree of freedom in selecting the type and amount of the additive is increased.
- the saturated water absorption is less than 0.01% by weight, the resulting film has low adhesion and adhesion to other materials, and is likely to peel off during use. In some cases, the amount of additives such as antioxidants may be limited.
- the saturated water absorption exceeds 1% by weight, changes in optical properties and dimensional changes are likely to occur due to water absorption.
- the saturated water absorption is increased by immersing in water at 23 ° C for 1 week according to ASTM D570. It is a value obtained by measuring the weight.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention is usually 110 to 250 ° C, preferably 115 to 220 ° C, more preferably 120 to 200 ° C. is there. If the Tg is less than 110 ° C, the heat distortion temperature will be low, which may cause a problem in heat resistance. May occur. On the other hand, if the Tg exceeds 250 ° C, the processing temperature during stretching may be too high and the copolymer of the present invention may be thermally degraded.
- the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention includes known antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers for improving heat deterioration resistance and light resistance as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Can be added For example, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a phenolic compound, a thiol compound, a sulfide compound, a disulfide compound, and a phosphorus compound is added to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer of the present invention. 0.01-: By adding LO parts by weight, the heat deterioration resistance can be improved.
- the phenolic compounds include triethylene glycol bis [3- (3-t-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) proonate] and 1,6-hexanediol-bis [3 — (3,5G t-butyl).
- octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl 4-hydroxyphen- Le) propionate
- 1,3,5 trimethyl-2,4,6 tris (3,5 di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene
- pentaerythrityl-tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4) -Hydroxyphenyl) propionate]
- octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
- Examples of the thiol compound include alkyl mercaptans such as t-decyl mercaptan and hexyl mercaptan, 2 mercaptobenzimidazole, 2 mercapto 6 methylbenzimidazole, 1-methyl-2- (methylmercapto) benzimidazole, and 2-mercapto 1 methylbenz.
- alkyl mercaptans such as t-decyl mercaptan and hexyl mercaptan
- 2 mercaptobenzimidazole 2 mercapto 6 methylbenzimidazole
- 1-methyl-2- (methylmercapto) benzimidazole 2-mercapto 1 methylbenz.
- Imidazole 2 mercapto 4 methylbenzimidazole, 2 mercapto 5 methylbenzimidazole, 2 mercapto 5,6 dimethylbenzimidazole, 2- (methylmercapto) benzimidazole, 1-methyl-2- (methylmercapto) benzimidazole, 2 mercapto Examples thereof include 1,3 dimethylbenzimidazole and mercaptoacetic acid.
- Examples of the sulfide compound include 2,2 thiodiethylenebis [3- (3,5 tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,2 thiobis (4-methyl-6-t butylphenol), 2,4 Bis (n-octylthiomethyl) 6 methylphenol, dilauryl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, dimyristyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, distearyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, pentaerythrityl Examples include tetrakis (3-lauryl thiopropionate) and ditridecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate.
- disulfide compound examples include bis (4-chlorophenol) disulfide, bis (2-chlorophenol) disulfide, bis (2,5-dichlorophenol) disulfide, and bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenol).
- Phosphorus compounds include tris (4-methoxy-1,3-diphenyl) phosphite, tris (nor-phenyl) phosphite, tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, Examples thereof include bis (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate and bis (2,4-di-butylbutyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate.
- benzophenone compounds such as 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-14-methoxybenzophenone
- benzotriazole compounds such as N- (benzyloxycarboxy-benzotriazole)
- Oxa-lid compounds such as 2-ethyloxaylide and 2-ethyl-2 -'- ethoxy-lid are preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 100 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the copolymer of the present invention.
- light resistance can be improved.
- the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention can be formed into a film by a known solution casting method (a solvent casting method or a melt molding method).
- a film or sheet (hereinafter, also referred to as a film including a sheet) can be obtained by a solvent casting method, for example, by dissolving or dispersing the copolymer resin of the present invention in a solvent.
- a film-forming solution containing a polymer at an appropriate concentration is prepared, and the film-forming solution is cast by pouring or coating on a suitable carrier, whereby the film-forming solution is cast on the carrier.
- a method of removing the solvent by drying or the like on the liquid layer and subjecting the resulting film to carrier peeling may be mentioned as a preferable method. Kill.
- the concentration of the copolymer of the present invention is usually 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 1 to 50% by weight, more preferably 10 to 35% by weight. Heavy %. If the concentration is too low, it becomes difficult to obtain a film having a required thickness, and when the solvent is removed by drying, foaming or the like occurs due to evaporation of the solvent and the surface becomes smooth immediately. It may be difficult to obtain a film having good properties. On the other hand, if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the film-forming liquid becomes too high, so that it may be difficult to obtain a film having a uniform thickness and surface condition.
- the viscosity of the film-forming liquid at room temperature is usually 1 to 1,000, OOO (mPa-s), preferably 10 to: LOO, OOO (mPa-s), and more preferably 100 to 80, OOO (mPa-s), particularly preferably 1000-60, OOO (mPa's).
- Solvents used for preparing the film-forming solution include aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; cellosolve solvents such as methylacetosolve, ethylsilsolve, and 1-methoxy-2-propanol; diacetone alcohol; and acetone.
- the SP value (solubility parameter) power is usually 10 to 30 (MPa V2 ), preferably 10 to 25 (MPa 1/2 ), more preferably 15 to 25 (MPa V2 ), Particularly preferably, by using a solvent in the range of 15 to 20 (MPa 1/2 ), a film having excellent surface state uniformity and good optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the SP value of the resulting mixed solvent is preferably within the above range.
- the SP value of the mixed solvent can also be obtained from the SP value of each solvent and the weight specific force thereof.
- the weight fraction of each solvent is W1 and W1.
- the temperature at which the copolymer of the present invention is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent may be room temperature or high temperature. By sufficiently stirring, a film forming liquid in which the copolymer of the present invention is uniformly dissolved or dispersed can be obtained.
- a coloring agent such as a dye or a pigment can be appropriately added to the film-forming liquid as needed, whereby a colored film can be obtained.
- a leveling agent may be added to the film forming liquid for the purpose of improving the surface smoothness of the obtained film.
- the leveling agent various types can be used as long as it is a general one, and specific examples thereof include a fluorine-based non-ionic surfactant, a special acrylic resin-based leveling agent, and a silicone. And other leveling agents.
- a carrier for forming the liquid layer of the film forming liquid a metal drum, steel benoret, a polyester film made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a polytetrafluoroethylene belt, or the like is used. be able to.
- a method using a die coater a spraying method, a brush coating method, a roll coating method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, or the like can be used.
- the thickness and surface smoothness of the obtained film can be controlled.
- a surface-treated film When a polyester film is used as a carrier, a surface-treated film may be used.
- a surface treatment method a commonly used hydrophilization treatment method, for example, by coating or laminating an acrylic resin or a resin containing a sulfonic acid salt group, is used to reduce the resin. And a method of improving the hydrophilicity of the film surface by corona discharge treatment or the like.
- a carrier for example, a metal drum, a steel belt, a polyester film, or the like, which has been subjected to sand matting or embossing to form irregularities, is used. The unevenness on the surface is transferred, whereby a film having a light diffusion function can be manufactured. Of course, it is also possible to impart a light diffusion function to the film by directly applying a sand mat treatment to the film.
- a specific method for removing the solvent in the liquid layer is not particularly limited, and a commonly used drying treatment method, for example, a method in which a solvent is removed in a drying furnace by using a number of rollers.
- the amount of residual solvent in the film thus obtained is usually 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 1% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 0.5% by weight or less.
- the amount of the residual solvent in the film exceeds 10% by weight, the dimensional change with the lapse of time when the film is actually used is undesirably large. Further, the residual solvent lowers the glass transition temperature and lowers the heat resistance, which is not preferable.
- the amount of the residual solvent in the film is usually 10 to 0.1% by weight, preferably 5 to 0.1% by weight, in order to stably and uniformly express the retardation in the film by the stretching orientation treatment. And more preferably 1 to 0.1% by weight.
- the stretching orientation treatment may be facilitated, or the retardation may be easily controlled.
- the thickness of the finolem of the present invention is generally 0.1 to 3,000 m, preferably 0.1 to 1,000 m, more preferably 1 to 500 ⁇ m, and most preferably 5 to 300 ⁇ m. m. If the thickness is too small, it becomes difficult to actually handle the film. On the other hand, if the thickness is too large, it becomes difficult to wind the film into a roll.
- the thickness distribution of the film of the invention is usually within ⁇ 20%, preferably within ⁇ 10%, more preferably within ⁇ 5%, particularly preferably within ⁇ 1% of the average value. Further, the rate of change of the thickness per cm is usually 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, more preferably 1% or less, and particularly preferably 0.5% or less.
- the film of the present invention is formed into a film by performing a stretching process (a stretching orientation process).
- the optical film (retardation film) having the function of giving a phase difference to the transmitted light in which the molecular chains of the copolymer of the present invention are regularly oriented in a certain direction can be obtained.
- a retardation plate is obtained.
- “regular orientation” refers to the degree of film distortion generated during the process when a normal polymer compound (polymer) is formed into a film by melt extrusion or casting.
- the molecular chains of the polymer compound are not oriented in a specific direction and are in a random state, the molecular chains of the polymer compound are regular in the uniaxial or biaxial direction of the film plane or in the thickness direction.
- Orientation means that The degree of regularity of the orientation of the polymer compound varies, and can be controlled by the stretching conditions.
- the stretching method include a known uniaxial stretching method and a biaxial stretching method. That is, the transverse uniaxial stretching method by the tenter method, the compression stretching method between rolls, the vertical uniaxial stretching method using two sets of rolls with different circumferences, the biaxial stretching method combining the horizontal uniaxial and the vertical uniaxial, the inflation
- a stretching method by a method can be used.
- the stretching speed is usually 1 to 5,000% Z minutes, preferably 50 to: L, 000% Z minutes, and more preferably 100 to 1,000% Z minutes. Min, particularly preferably 100-500% Z minute.
- the biaxial stretching method a method of simultaneously stretching in two directions intersecting each other or a method of performing uniaxial stretching and then stretching in a direction different from the initial stretching direction can be used.
- the intersection angle between the two stretching axes is not particularly limited because it is determined according to the desired properties, but is usually in the range of 120 to 60 degrees.
- the stretching speed is the same for each extension Shin direction, Yogu usually 1-5 be different, a 000% Z min, preferably rather ⁇ or 50 ⁇ : L, 000 0/0 / min , and the further [this preferably ⁇ or 100 to 1, is 000 0/0 / min, Japanese [this good Mashiku is 100 ⁇ 500% ⁇ minutes.
- the processing temperature in the stretching process is not particularly limited.
- the glass transition temperature of the copolymer used is Tg, it is usually Tg-5 ° C to Tg + 20 ° C, preferably Tg. It is desirable to be in the range of ⁇ Tg + 10 ° C.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Even if the film is stretched in such a temperature range as long as the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention is used, problems such as cloudiness do not occur in the obtained retardation plate.
- the copolymer of the present invention has a small Tg distribution, and is substantially uniformly plasticized when heated near Tg.
- the copolymer of the present invention has a small Tg distribution, and is substantially uniformly plasticized when heated near Tg.
- heating is only performed in the vicinity of Tg, and the plasticization does not occur uniformly. Is considered to cause cloudiness during stretching.
- the stretching ratio is not particularly limited because it is determined according to the desired properties such as phase difference. Normally, the stretching ratio is 1.01 to 10 times, preferably 1.03 to 5 times, and more preferably the stretching ratio. 1. 03 to 3 times.
- the stretched film may be cooled at room temperature as it is, but at least 10 seconds or more, preferably 30 seconds to 60 minutes, more preferably 1 minute to 60 minutes in an atmosphere of Tg-100 ° C to Tg.
- room temperature By holding and heat setting, and then cooling to room temperature, it is preferable to obtain a retardation plate having stable retardation characteristics with little change in retardation of transmitted light with time.
- the retardation plate obtained as described above gives a retardation to the transmitted light due to the orientation of the molecules by stretching, and this retardation is determined by the stretching ratio or the film before stretching. It can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the film.
- the stretching ratio even if the film has the same thickness before stretching, the larger the stretching ratio, the larger the absolute value of the phase difference of the transmitted light tends to be.
- a film that gives desired retardation to transmitted light can be obtained.
- the thickness of the film before stretching even if the stretching ratio is the same, the absolute value of the phase difference given to the transmitted light tends to increase as the thickness of the film before stretching increases.
- the value of the phase difference given to the transmitted light is determined by its use and is not uniquely determined. Or elect-opening luminescence display element or wave plate of laser optical system In this case, it is usually desirable that the ratio be 1 to: LO, 000 nm, preferably 10 to 2,000 nm, more preferably 15 to 1, OOO nm! / !.
- the phase difference of the light transmitted through the film has high uniformity.
- the variation at a light wavelength of 550 nm is usually ⁇ 20% or less, preferably 10% or less. And more preferably ⁇ 5% or less. If the variation of the phase difference exceeds the range of ⁇ 20%, when used in a liquid crystal display device or the like, color unevenness or the like may occur, which may cause a problem that the performance of the display body is deteriorated.
- the deviation of the optical axis is usually ⁇ 2.0 degrees or less, preferably ⁇ 1.0 degrees or less, and more preferably 0.5 degrees or less.
- the retardation plate of the present invention may be used alone or two or more layers may be laminated and attached to a transparent substrate or the like. Also, it can be used by laminating it on other films, sheets and substrates.
- an adhesive or an adhesive can be used.
- adhesives and adhesives it is preferable to use those having excellent transparency.
- Specific examples thereof include natural rubber, synthetic rubber, vinyl acetate Z-butyl chloride copolymer, polybutyl ether, and acrylic rubber.
- Adhesives such as fats and modified polyolefin resins; curable pressure-sensitive adhesives in which a curing agent such as an isocyanate group-containing disulfide is added to the resin having a functional group such as a hydroxyl group or an amino group; Adhesives for dry lamination, synthetic rubber adhesives, epoxy adhesives and the like.
- an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer can be previously laminated on the above retardation plate in order to improve the workability of lamination with other films, sheets, substrates and the like.
- the above-mentioned pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive can be used as the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive.
- the cyclic olefin-based ring-opening copolymer of the present invention has excellent heat resistance and can be suitably used after being processed into a force film or sheet which can be suitably used for all optical applications. However, since it can be processed stably without problems such as cloudiness, it is most suitable for applications requiring stretching, for example, optical films such as retardation plates.
- the film or sheet according to the present invention, and particularly the retardation film are more specifically used for mobile phones, Digital information terminals, pagers, navigation, in-vehicle liquid crystal displays, liquid crystal monitors, dimming panels, displays for OA equipment, displays for AV equipment, etc., and electroluminescent display elements or touch panels. It can be used for such purposes. It is also useful as a wave plate used for recording and reproducing devices for optical disks such as CDs, CD-Rs, MDs, MOs, and DVDs.
- Tg is calculated by plotting the maximum peak temperature (point A) and the temperature 20 ° C above the maximum peak temperature (point B) on the differential scanning calorimetry curve on the differential scanning calorimetry curve, and tangent to the baseline starting at point B And the tangent starting from point A.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR) used was Bruker AVANCE500, and the measurement solvent was 1 H-NMR using a d-cloth form. 5.Calculate the monomer composition from the integrated values of 5.1 to 5.8 ppm of biene group, 3.7 ppm of methoxy group, and 0.6 to 2.8 ppm of aliphatic proton, and then calculate the hydrogenation rate. did.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- MwZMn molecular weight distribution
- PhPOCl: WC1 103: 630: 427 weight ratio
- the copolymer (1) had a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 11.2 X Molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn)
- the g distribution was 25 ° C.
- the DSC measurement chart is shown in FIG.
- the hydrogenation rate of the copolymer (1) was determined by NMR measurement, the olefinic unsaturated bond was 99.9%.
- the hydrogenation was performed as described above.
- the copolymer (1) was dissolved in methylene chloride to prepare a solution having a concentration of 30%, and the solution was cast on a smooth glass plate to obtain a cast film (1) having a thickness of 130 m. .
- the amount of residual solvent in the obtained cast film (1) was 0.5% or less.
- stretching was performed at a stretching rate of 300% Zmin, 1.5 times by a free-end uniaxial stretching method, and the stretched film (1 ).
- the stretched film (1) has a thickness of 85 ⁇ m, a phase difference of 343 nm, a birefringence of 0.00004, and a haze value of 0.1, and is transparent and has no appearance defect. That was confirmed.
- the area satisfying the phase difference of ⁇ 3 nm after stretching and the optical axis of ⁇ 0.5 degrees or less was 64 cm2.
- the copolymerization reactivity of DCP and DNM was determined by the Fineman-Ross method.
- Example 1 was repeated except that 86 parts of DNM were charged into a reaction vessel without using DCP and polymerization was started, and 14 parts of norbornene (NB) was sequentially added over 20 minutes after the start of polymerization. In the same manner as in the above, copolymer (2) was obtained.
- the copolymer (2) had a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 9.3 ⁇ 10 4 , a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 3.0, an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62, and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 120. ° C. Also, T
- the g distribution was 30 ° C.
- the DSC measurement chart is shown in FIG.
- the hydrogenation rate of the copolymer (2) was determined by iH-NMR measurement, the olefinic unsaturated bond was hydrogenated by 99.9% or more.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a cast film (2) having a thickness of 130 m was produced. The residual solvent content of the cast film (2) was less than 0.5%. Thereafter, stretching was performed by a factor of 2.0 at 125 ° C., which is Tg of the copolymer (2) + 5 ° C., to obtain a stretched film (2).
- the stretched film (2) has a thickness of 85 ⁇ m, a retardation of 344, a birefringence of 0.00405, and a haze value of 0.1, and may be a film that is transparent and has no appearance defects. It could be confirmed.
- the area satisfying the phase difference of ⁇ 3 nm after stretching and the optical axis of ⁇ 0.5 degrees or less was 60 cm 2 .
- the copolymerization reactivity of NB and DNM was determined by the Fineman-Ross method, and as a result, DCP (r)
- the difference of 1% was 1.262.
- Copolymer (3) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 50 parts of DCP and 50 parts of DNM were used, and the entire amount was charged into a reaction vessel and polymerization was started.
- the g distribution was 42 ° C.
- the DSC measurement chart is shown in FIG.
- the hydrogenation rate of the copolymer (3) was determined by iH-NMR measurement, the olefinic unsaturated bond was hydrogenated by 99.9% or more.
- a cast film (3) having a thickness of 130 m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the residual solvent content of the cast film (3) was less than 0.5%.
- the film was stretched 1.5 times at 135 ° C., which is Tg of the copolymer (3) + 5 ° C., to obtain a stretched film (3-1).
- the stretched film (3-1) had a thickness of 85 ⁇ m, a retardation of 343 nm, a birefringence of 0.00401, a haze value of 1.8, and was a film with poor transparency.
- the area satisfying the retardation of ⁇ 3 nm after stretching and the optical axis of ⁇ 0.5 degrees or less was 32 cm 2 , and the area without uniform retardation and without optical axis unevenness was extremely small.
- the copolymer (3) was stretched 1.5 times at 155 ° C, which is Tg + 25 ° C, to obtain a stretched film (3-2).
- the stretched film (3-2) had a thickness of 85 / ⁇ , a retardation of 163 nm, a birefringence of 0.0002, and a haze of 0.4.
- the area satisfying the phase difference of ⁇ 3 nm after stretching and the optical axis of ⁇ 0.5 degrees or less was 64 cm 2 . Although the area was improved without transparency, uniform phase difference and optical axis unevenness, the birefringence index was reduced and the phase difference expression property was greatly reduced.
- the difference between the conversion rate of 95% and the reaction conversion rate of 1% was 1.770.
- the copolymer (4) had a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10.3 X
- Mw / Mn The molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) was 3.5, the intrinsic viscosity (r?) was 0.64, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) was 121 ° C. Also, T
- the g distribution was 45 ° C.
- the DSC measurement chart is shown in FIG.
- the hydrogenation rate of the copolymer (4) was determined by iH-NMR measurement, the olefinic unsaturated bond was hydrogenated by 99.9% or more.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a cast film (4) having a thickness of 130 m was produced. The residual solvent amount of the cast film (4) was 0.5% or less. Thereafter, the film was stretched 1.5 times at 126 ° C., which is Tg of the copolymer (4) + 5 ° C., to obtain a stretched film (4-1).
- the stretched film (4-1) had a thickness of 85 ⁇ m, a retardation of 325 nm, a birefringence of 0.0000387, and a haze value of 4.3, and was a film with poor transparency.
- the area satisfying the phase difference of ⁇ 3 nm after stretching and the optical axis of ⁇ 0.5 degrees or less was 24 cm 2 , and the area without uniform phase difference and without optical axis unevenness was extremely small.
- the cast film (4) was stretched 1.5 times at 146 ° C, which is the Tg of the copolymer (3) + 25 ° C, to obtain a stretched film (42).
- the stretched film (4-2) had a thickness of 85 ⁇ m, a phase difference of 102 nm, a birefringence of 0.0000109, and a haze value of 0.8.
- the area satisfying the retardation of ⁇ 3 nm after stretching and the optical axis of ⁇ 0.5 degrees or less is 56 cm 2 . Although the transparency, the uniform phase difference, and the area without the optical axis unevenness were improved, the birefringence was reduced and the phase difference expression was greatly reduced.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/587,050 US7449532B2 (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-20 | Cycloolefin copolymer obtained by ring-opening polymerization, use thereof, and process for producing retardation plate comprising the copolymer |
EP05734652A EP1739113A4 (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-20 | CYCLOOLEFINCOPOLYMER OBTAINED BY RING OPENING POLYMERIZATION, USE THEREOF AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A COPOLYMER-COMPRISING DELAY PLATE |
JP2006512560A JP5250973B2 (ja) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-20 | 環状オレフィン系開環共重合体およびその用途ならびに該共重合体を含む位相差板の製造方法 |
CN2005800124855A CN1961019B (zh) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-20 | 环状烯烃类开环共聚合物及其用途、含该共聚合物相位延迟板的制造方法 |
KR1020067024147A KR101090535B1 (ko) | 2004-04-20 | 2006-11-17 | 환상 올레핀계 개환 공중합체 및 그의 용도 및 이공중합체를 포함하는 위상차판의 제조 방법 |
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JP2004124170 | 2004-04-20 | ||
JP2004-124170 | 2004-04-20 |
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WO2005103108A1 true WO2005103108A1 (ja) | 2005-11-03 |
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PCT/JP2005/007515 WO2005103108A1 (ja) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-20 | 環状オレフィン系開環共重合体およびその用途ならびに該共重合体を含む位相差板の製造方法 |
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US (1) | US7449532B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1739113A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5250973B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101090535B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1961019B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200609264A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005103108A1 (ja) |
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JP2008191392A (ja) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-21 | Jsr Corp | 位相差フィルム、偏光板および液晶パネル |
CN101090945B (zh) * | 2004-12-28 | 2011-05-25 | Jsr株式会社 | 热塑性树脂组合物以及使用该组合物形成的光学膜 |
JP5233280B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-22 | 2013-07-10 | Jsr株式会社 | 環状オレフィン系開環共重合体およびその用途ならびに該共重合体を含む位相差板の製造方法 |
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US9601726B2 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2017-03-21 | Zeon Corporation | Sealing material for secondary battery and sealing material composition for secondary battery |
JP2018530032A (ja) * | 2015-08-05 | 2018-10-11 | シェンジェン ロイオル テクノロジーズ カンパニー リミテッドShenzhen Royole Technologies Co., Ltd. | タッチフィルム、有機発光ダイオードディスプレイパネル及びタッチフィルムの製造方法 |
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JP2001187815A (ja) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-10 | Jsr Corp | 環状オレフィン系共重合体およびその製造方法並びに熱可塑性重合体組成物 |
JP2003255102A (ja) * | 2001-12-25 | 2003-09-10 | Jsr Corp | 熱可塑性ノルボルネン系樹脂系光学用フィルム |
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US5439992A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1995-08-08 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Continuous process for making melt-processable optical grade ring-opened polycyclic (co)polymers in a single-stage multi-zoned reactor |
JP3060532B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-30 | 2000-07-10 | ジェイエスアール株式会社 | 開環重合体水素化物の製造方法 |
JPH072929A (ja) * | 1993-06-16 | 1995-01-06 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | 開環重合体水素化物の製造方法 |
JP2000107578A (ja) * | 1998-10-02 | 2000-04-18 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ノルボルネン系樹脂を使った多孔性膜の製法 |
JP4238501B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2009-03-18 | Jsr株式会社 | 熱可塑性ノルボルネン系樹脂系光学用フィルム |
JP2003043252A (ja) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-13 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 偏光子保護フィルム |
JP2003040985A (ja) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-13 | Jsr Corp | 環状オレフィン系樹脂溶融押出フィルム |
JP5177335B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-13 | 2013-04-03 | Jsr株式会社 | 架橋体および架橋用組成物 |
KR100948708B1 (ko) * | 2002-04-08 | 2010-03-22 | 니폰 제온 가부시키가이샤 | 노보넨계 개환중합체, 노보넨계 개환중합체 수소화물 및이들의 제조방법 |
JP2003315795A (ja) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Jsr Corp | 導光板の製造方法およびフロントライト用導光板 |
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-
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- 2005-04-20 US US11/587,050 patent/US7449532B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-20 JP JP2006512560A patent/JP5250973B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-20 TW TW094112566A patent/TW200609264A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-20 CN CN2005800124855A patent/CN1961019B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-20 WO PCT/JP2005/007515 patent/WO2005103108A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-04-20 EP EP05734652A patent/EP1739113A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP2001187815A (ja) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-10 | Jsr Corp | 環状オレフィン系共重合体およびその製造方法並びに熱可塑性重合体組成物 |
JP2003255102A (ja) * | 2001-12-25 | 2003-09-10 | Jsr Corp | 熱可塑性ノルボルネン系樹脂系光学用フィルム |
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CN101090945B (zh) * | 2004-12-28 | 2011-05-25 | Jsr株式会社 | 热塑性树脂组合物以及使用该组合物形成的光学膜 |
JP5233280B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-22 | 2013-07-10 | Jsr株式会社 | 環状オレフィン系開環共重合体およびその用途ならびに該共重合体を含む位相差板の製造方法 |
JP2008191392A (ja) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-21 | Jsr Corp | 位相差フィルム、偏光板および液晶パネル |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1739113A4 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
KR20070012497A (ko) | 2007-01-25 |
CN1961019A (zh) | 2007-05-09 |
CN1961019B (zh) | 2010-05-12 |
JPWO2005103108A1 (ja) | 2008-03-13 |
JP5250973B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
TWI375690B (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
KR101090535B1 (ko) | 2011-12-08 |
US7449532B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 |
EP1739113A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
TW200609264A (en) | 2006-03-16 |
US20070179264A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
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