WO2005096059A1 - 観察装置および蛍光観察装置 - Google Patents
観察装置および蛍光観察装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005096059A1 WO2005096059A1 PCT/JP2005/005898 JP2005005898W WO2005096059A1 WO 2005096059 A1 WO2005096059 A1 WO 2005096059A1 JP 2005005898 W JP2005005898 W JP 2005005898W WO 2005096059 A1 WO2005096059 A1 WO 2005096059A1
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- Prior art keywords
- image
- imaging
- tissue
- organ
- living body
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
- G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/24—Base structure
- G02B21/248—Base structure objective (or ocular) turrets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an observation device such as a microscope observation device and a fluorescence observation device for observing a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- the microscope observation apparatus includes an objective lens arranged to face a sample, an imaging lens for forming an enlarged image on an image pickup means such as a CCD camera, and a detachable arrangement between the objective lens and the imaging lens. And a variable power relay lens capable of continuously changing magnification over a predetermined magnification range.
- a fluorescent image, a reflected image or a transmitted image is obtained by illuminating the upper or lower surface of the living body, the organ or the tissue using a microscope or a stereomicroscope.
- illumination is performed in a living body and imaging is performed in the living body.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-7-104192 (FIG. 1 etc.)
- the conventional microscope observation apparatus changes the observation magnification by changing the magnification of the afocal magnification relay lens, it is difficult to change the magnification over a wide magnification range. That is, since the same objective lens and the same imaging lens are used up to a small magnification power and a large magnification, when the magnification is small, there is a disadvantage that the numerical aperture becomes excessively small and the resolution is reduced.
- the illumination light is more easily absorbed as the thickness of the living body, the organ or the tissue increases. It becomes difficult to efficiently illuminate a site to be observed in the weave.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and can obtain an image with a high resolution without excessively reducing the numerical aperture even when the magnification is reduced, and improves observation accuracy.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a technique for efficiently illuminating a living body, organ or tissue and observing the living body with good resolution.
- the present invention provides the following means.
- a light source for irradiating a sample placed on a stage with excitation light or illumination light, an objective lens arranged to face the stage and condensing fluorescence or reflected light from the sample, An imaging lens for forming an image on the sample of the objective lens; and an imaging unit for imaging an image on the sample formed by the imaging lens.
- An observation apparatus provided with an objective lens switching mechanism for switching the objective lens, a plurality of imaging lenses having different magnifications, and an imaging lens switching mechanism for switching the imaging lens is provided.
- the excitation light or the illumination light emitted from the light source is irradiated toward the sample
- the fluorescence or the reflected light emitted from the sample is incident on the objective lens and collected.
- the image is formed by being incident on the imaging lens, and is imaged by the imaging means.
- the objective lens can be switched by operating the objective lens switching mechanism. Then, by operating the imaging lens switching mechanism, it becomes possible to select an imaging lens suitable for the objective lens. As a result, it is possible to acquire an image with a high resolution that does not excessively reduce the numerical aperture even at a low magnification.
- the relay optical system that relays the illumination light for illuminating the sample, and the reflecting member that is held by the imaging lens and deflects the illumination light having the light source power toward the relay optical system. You may have.
- the path of the illumination light can be separated from the path of the returning light by the force of the sample. Therefore, the illumination light does not need to pass through the objective lens, and the generation of autofluorescence in the objective lens can be reduced, and as a result, an image with good contrast can be obtained.
- the dichroic mirror for separating the excitation light and the fluorescent light can be small, and an inexpensive illumination system can be provided.
- a relay optical system for relaying illumination light for illuminating the sample, and a reflection for deflecting illumination light from a plurality of dichroic mirrors and a light source toward the relay optical system.
- a rotating turret that holds the member and is selectively disposed to face the light source.
- the relay optical system may be held by an objective lens or an objective lens switching mechanism.
- the relay optical system divides the illumination light from the light source into two or more, and irradiates the two or more divided illumination lights to the sample with different directional forces. .
- the optical axis between the high-magnification objective lens and the high-magnification imaging lens is selected. It is also possible to have a zoom mechanism that is inserted on the rooster!
- the zoom mechanism is detachably provided on the optical axis when a low-magnification objective lens and a low-magnification imaging lens are selected.
- the numerical aperture is reduced. Since a relatively large value can be secured, the magnification can be continuously changed by inserting a zoom mechanism.
- the combination of the objective lens and the imaging lens that secures a numerical aperture can be achieved by removing the zoom mechanism from the optical axis. Can be adopted.
- the magnification is changed from the high magnification power to the low magnification only by the zoom mechanism, the numerical aperture on the low magnification side becomes excessively small. By removing the zoom mechanism, such an adverse effect can be prevented.
- a confocal adjustment mechanism that adjusts an imaging position of the imaging lens.
- the imaging position of the imaging lens fluctuates due to individual differences between the imaging lens and the objective lens or the zoom mechanism to be combined, operate this function to correct this and obtain a clearer image. Can be.
- the high-magnification imaging lens bypasses the optical path between the imaging lens and the imaging means, and the high-magnification imaging lens moves from the high-magnification imaging lens to the imaging means. It is preferable to provide an optical path detour means for matching the linear distance to the image position with that of the low-magnification imaging lens.
- the optical performance can be improved by making the rear focal position of the imaging lens and the objective lens substantially coincident, that is, a telecentric positional relationship.
- the optical path length becomes longer at high magnifications due to the difference in focal length. Therefore, by operating the optical path detour means to match the linear distance from the high-magnification imaging lens to the image position of the imaging means with that of the low-magnification imaging lens, all the movements of the imaging means without moving A clear image can be obtained at a magnification.
- the optical path detour means may be provided with an optical path length adjusting means capable of adjusting the optical path length!
- the optical path detouring means is provided with an angle adjusting means capable of adjusting an inclination angle of the optical axis.
- the optical path length and the optical axis may fluctuate due to individual differences between the lenses when the imaging lens is changed, and the like.
- the angle can be adjusted so that the optical axis of the imaging lens is exactly directed toward the imaging means by making it coincide with that of the image lens or by operating the angle adjusting means.
- an object-focal point adjusting mechanism for adjusting a position of the objective lens in the optical axis direction may be provided.
- the individual difference of the lenses can be corrected by adjusting the conjugate position of the objective lens with the imaging position of the imaging lens by the operation of the objective-parfocal adjustment mechanism.
- the objective lens, the zoom mechanism, and the imaging lens may be rotatably mounted around the same axis disposed along a vertical direction. Is also good. In this way, the switching mechanism can be made compact.
- the objective lens, the zoom mechanism, and the imaging lens are attached rotatably around two or more axes arranged along a vertical direction.
- the objective lens and the zoom mechanism may be rotatably mounted around different axes.
- the objective lenses having different magnifications are arranged at positions shifted in the optical axis direction due to the difference in the focal position.
- the high magnification side objective lens can be placed close to the sample, while the low magnification side objective lens is placed far away from the sample.
- By rotating the objective lens and the zoom mechanism around different axes it is possible to set the low-magnification side objective lens and the zoom mechanism that are not used at the same time to a position where they interfere with each other in the optical axis direction. It is possible to make it compact.
- the base installed horizontally, two or more columns extending vertically from the base along the axis, and a beam member bridged over the upper ends of these columns.
- the imaging means may be fixed to the beam member.
- the optical axis is disposed at a position where the plane force including the axes of the two or more columns is also separated from each other. In this way, two or more Can be arranged close to each other, and a compact configuration in the width direction can be achieved.
- the objective lens, the zoom mechanism, and the imaging lens are rotatably mounted around one or more axes arranged along the vertical direction.
- a movable bracket for fixing the lens switching mechanism and a bearing for assembling the movable bracket to the fixed bracket so as to be horizontally rotatable are mounted so as to be rotatable around the axis of the column. Is preferred.
- the movable bracket can be rotatably supported by the column by fitting and fixing the fixing bracket of the assembly assembled outside to the column. Therefore, assembly is easy, and manufacture, maintenance, adjustment, and the like can be easily performed.
- the objective lens, the zoom mechanism, and the imaging lens are rotatably mounted around one or more axes arranged along the vertical direction.
- the base includes a first base for fixing the stage, and a second base disposed above the first base with a space therebetween, and the first base and the second base are fixed by a spacing member.
- the column is fixed to the second base.
- the spacing member replaceable, it is possible to replace the spacing member with one having a different length in accordance with the size of the sample, thereby securing a space around the stage.
- a tray member on which the sample is fixed is positioned on the stage.
- the fixed state may be fixed.
- the sample can be fixed on the tray member at a place other than the stage, and the tray member on which the sample has been fixed can be fixed to the stage. Since the space around the stage tends to be relatively narrow due to the close proximity of the objective lens, operability may be poor when performing a work of fixing a sample such as a small experimental animal alive. Therefore, by performing such an operation outside and performing only the operation of attaching the tray member to the stage under the objective lens, observation preparation can be easily performed.
- the tray member is made of a transparent or light-absorbing material.
- the illumination light that also irradiates the upward force of the sample the illumination light that falls off the sample and hits the tray member passes through the tray member or is absorbed by the tray member, and returns to the objective lens side as stray light. Can be prevented.
- the imaging means is provided so as to be exchangeable.
- the imaging means is provided so as to be rotatable around the optical axis.
- the direction of the obtained image can be arbitrarily selected. Further, when the imaging means is connected to a monitor and observed in real time, the direction of an image reflected on the monitor can be arbitrarily selected, and observation can be performed from an easy-to-view direction.
- a second aspect of the present invention provides a laser light source for irradiating a sample placed on a stage with excitation light, an objective lens arranged opposite to the stage to expand fluorescence from the sample, A plurality of lens groups including an imaging lens that forms an image of the fluorescence from the sample magnified by the lens; an imaging unit that captures the fluorescence of the sample force formed by the imaging lens; This is a fluorescence observation apparatus including a lens group switching mechanism for switching a lens group.
- the observation is performed while changing the magnification, and in some cases, the objective lens and the imaging lens are changed. Since the lens group including the lens is switched by the operation of the lens group switching mechanism, a bright fluorescent image can be obtained without excessively reducing the numerical aperture even when observing at a low magnification.
- the image processing apparatus may include a processing unit for performing a stereo deconvolution process on the imaged fluorescence, and the processing unit may perform a non-super ral blind deconvolution process.
- the processing unit may perform a non-super ral blind deconvolution process.
- a third aspect of the present invention is directed to a living body, organ, or tissue observation device.
- the observation device according to the third aspect includes an illumination device for illuminating a living body, an organ, or a tissue from within, and a transmission image and a fluorescence image of the living body, an organ, or a tissue taken by an external force.
- the lighting device may include a light source that emits illumination light or excitation light and a light emission unit that emits illumination light or excitation light to the outside.
- the light emission unit can be introduced into a living body, an organ, or a tissue.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for observing a living body, an organ, or a tissue.
- a light emitting unit that emits illumination light or excitation light to the outside is introduced into a living body, an organ, or a tissue, and illumination light or excitation light is emitted from the light emitting unit so that the living body, organ, or tissue is exposed.
- the internal force is illuminated, and a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed with an external force to obtain an optical image of at least one of a transmission image and a fluorescence image of the living body, the organ or the tissue, and the obtained optical image is displayed on a display device.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention is directed to an experimental method using a living body, an organ, or a tissue.
- a light emitting unit that emits illumination light or excitation light to the outside is introduced into a living body, an organ, or a tissue, and the light emitting unit emits illumination light or excitation light to generate a living body, organ, or tissue. It illuminates from inside, acquires external images of the living body, organ, or tissue to obtain a fluorescent image of the living body, organ, or tissue, and compares the obtained fluorescent image with other images to obtain a living body, organ, or tissue. It compares and examines the change over time in the amount and area of the fluorescent substance inside.
- the imaging lens can be switched at the same time as the objective lens is switched according to the change in magnification.
- the objective lens is switched to a low-magnification objective lens and the imaging lens is also switched to a low-magnification imaging lens, so that the numerical aperture is not excessively reduced.
- a technique for efficiently illuminating a living body, an organ or a tissue and observing the living body, an organ or a tissue with good resolution is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a microscope observation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a part of a tray member on a stage in the microscope observation apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a low-magnification objective lens unit of the microscope observation apparatus in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another low-magnification objective lens unit similar to FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another low-magnification objective lens unit similar to FIG. 3.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a high-magnification objective lens unit of the microscope observation device in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view with a part broken away showing a mounting structure of a second arm of the microscope observation device in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 8 is a partially broken longitudinal sectional view showing a camera mounting structure of the microscope observation device in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the mounting structure of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating the arrangement of columns and spacing members of the microscope observation device in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an arrangement area of an optical axis of a camera of the microscope observation device in FIG. 1.
- FIGS. 12A to 12C are schematic diagrams illustrating optical path detour means of the microscope observation device in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the optical path detour means of FIG. 12.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing another modified example of the optical path detour means of FIG. 12.
- FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view with a part broken away showing an attachment structure of an imaging lens unit of the microscope observation device in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a microscope observation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is an overall configuration diagram showing a microscope observation device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an observation procedure in the microscope observation apparatus in FIG. 17.
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a microscope observation apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a partial longitudinal sectional view for explaining the oblique illumination by the microscope observation device of FIG. 19.
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a state at the time of high magnification observation by the microscope observation device of FIG. [22]
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing a microscope observation apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 23] is a partial longitudinal sectional view illustrating coaxial illumination by the microscope observation device of FIG. 22.
- ⁇ 24] is a partial longitudinal sectional view illustrating oblique illumination by the microscope observation device of FIG. 22.
- FIG. 25 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a microscope observation device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a microscope observation device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a perspective view showing a first modification of the stage in the microscope observation apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a longitudinal sectional view of the stage of FIG. 27.
- FIG. 29 is a perspective view showing a second modification of the stage in the microscope observation apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a longitudinal sectional view of the stage in FIG. 29.
- FIG. 31 is a perspective view showing a third modification of the stage in the microscope observation apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a longitudinal sectional view of the stage in FIG. 31.
- FIG. 33 is a perspective view showing a fourth modification of the stage in the microscope observation apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 schematically illustrates a configuration of an observation device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 is a plan view of the imaging optical system turret shown in FIG. 34.
- FIG. 36 shows a flowchart of observation by the observation device of the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 37 schematically shows a configuration of an observation device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 38 schematically shows a configuration of an observation device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 39 shows a flowchart of observation by the observation device of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 40 shows a flowchart of another observation by the observation device of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 41 schematically shows a configuration of an observation device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 42 schematically shows a configuration of an observation device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 43 schematically shows a configuration of an observation device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 44 schematically shows a configuration of an observation device according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the microscope observation apparatus 1 includes a light source 2 for generating light for irradiating a small experimental animal such as a mouse and other samples A, a stage 3 on which the sample A is mounted, and a sample A.
- Objective lens units 4a to 4d for enlarging the return light from the lens
- imaging lens units 5a and 5b for enlarging and forming an image on the sample A enlarged by the objective lens units 4a to 4d
- an imaging lens unit A camera (imaging means) 6 for imaging the image on the sample A formed by 5a and 5b.
- the stage 3 is provided on a base 7 installed horizontally.
- the base 7 includes a first base 7a installed on a horizontal installation surface, and a second base 7b horizontally arranged at an interval above the first base 7a. Between the first base 7a and the second base 7b, a plurality of spacing members 8 that determine the spacing between the two are interchangeably arranged.
- the stage 3 is set on the first base 7a, and can move the mounted sample A in two horizontal directions and a vertical direction.
- the stage 3 is provided with a through hole 3a, as shown in FIG. 2, so that the tray 9 on which the sample A is placed is fitted in a positioning state.
- the tray 9 is made of a transparent material or a black member that absorbs light.
- the second base 7b is disposed above the stage 3, and the entire operation range of the stage 3 It has been cut out so as not to block the space above. Further, the spacing member 8 is arranged around the stage 3 with a spacing sufficiently wider than the operation range of the stage 3. As a result, when the sample A is placed on the stage 3 or when the operator operates the sample on the stage 3, it is not in the way!
- Two columns 10, 11 extend vertically from the upper surface of the second base 7b.
- the upper ends of the two columns 10 and 11 are connected by an upper plate (beam member) 12 so as to bridge over the columns 10 and 11.
- an upper plate beam member 12
- a gate-shaped frame that also has strength with the two columns 10, 11 and the upper plate 12 is formed.
- the objective lens units 4a to 4d are attached to a turret 13 that is attached to the first support 10 so as to be rotatable around a vertical axis of the support 10.
- the objective lens units 4a to 4d are fixed to the turret 13 at intervals in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, these objective lens units 4a to 4d have different magnifications, for example, 50 mm, 90 mm, 180 mm, and 300 mm in order from a short bookstore distance. It has a focal length. The operator can select the objective lens units 4a to 4d having a desired focal length by rotating the turret 13 as necessary. In these figures, the lens is omitted.
- the imaging lens units 5a and 5b are respectively provided at the distal ends of two first arms 14 rotatably mounted on the second support 11 around the vertical axis of the support 11 for low magnification.
- An imaging lens unit 5a and an imaging lens unit 5b for high magnification are attached.
- the imaging lens unit 5a for low magnification has a focal length of 75 mm
- the imaging lens unit 5b for high magnification has a focal length of 210 mm.
- the second support 11 includes a zoom mechanism 15 for continuously changing the magnification on the high magnification side and an illumination device 16 for performing epi-illumination during high-magnification observation. It is mounted separately and rotatable around 11 vertical axes.
- the zoom mechanism 15 is attached to the tip of a second arm 17 rotatably attached to the second support 11.
- the lighting device 16 is rotatably mounted on the second support 11. Fixed to the bracket 18.
- the total magnification when these objective lens units 4a to 4d, the coupling lens units 5a and 5b, and the zoom mechanism 15 in the case of high magnification are combined is 1.26 to 16.2.
- the turret 13, the first arm 14, the bracket 18, and the second arm 17 are each provided with a bearing 20 on a cylindrical fixed bracket 19 fitted to the columns 10 and 11.
- the assembly 21 is configured to be rotatably mounted through the assembly 21.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the second arm 17 as an example.
- the fixing bracket 19 is fixed to the columns 10 and 11 by being fastened, and can be rotated horizontally at that position.
- each assembly 21 is also inserted into the upper end of each of the columns 10 and 11, and is placed on the upper surface of the sleeve 23 which is positioned by being abutted against the upper surface of the second base 7b, the upper surface of the assembly 21, and the like. It is positioned in the up-down direction by being hit directly or via an adjustment spacer (not shown). That is, the upper ends of the columns 10 and 11 with the upper plate 12 removed can be easily assembled in a fixed position by inserting and stacking the assembly 21 and the sleeve 23.
- the camera 6 is fixed to the upper plate 12 with the optical axis C arranged vertically downward.
- An absorption filter 24 is arranged between the upper plate 12 and the camera 6.
- a plurality of types of absorption filters 24 are attached to a turret 25 that is rotated around a vertical axis, so that only light to be imaged passes.
- the casing 26 of the absorption filter 24 is provided with a mounting hole 27 having a female shape portion 27a.
- the camera 6 is provided with an array-shaped boss portion 29 that is inserted into the mounting hole 27 and pressed horizontally with a set screw 28 to be engaged with the female-shaped portion 27a.
- the boss portion 29 is formed in a tapered shape whose outer diameter expands toward the tip, and is engaged with the female shape portion 27a by loosening the set screw 28 as shown by the arrow in FIG. It is now possible to rotate camera 6 around optical axis C while maintaining it!
- the optical axis C of the camera 6 is arranged between the two columns 10 and 11. As shown by hatching in FIG.
- the distance between the axes of the two columns 10 and 11 is L
- the position of the optical axis is the objective lens unit 4a to 4th centered on the axis of the first column 10.
- the rotation radius of the optical axis of 4d is A
- the radius of the arc drawn by the outermost shape of the objective lens units 4a to 4d is B
- the imaging lens units 5a and 5b and the zoom mechanism 15 centered on the axis of the second support 11.
- the radius of rotation of the optical axis is C
- the radius of the arc drawn by the outermost shape of these imaging lens units 5a and 5b and the zoom mechanism 15 is D
- the radius of the first support is r
- the radius of the second support 11 is: Is set to satisfy the following formula
- the optical axis C of the camera 6 is not arranged in a plane including the axes of the two columns 10 and 11 in this region, and as shown in FIG. It is located away from this plane.
- the arbitrarily selected objective lens units 4 a to 4 d are arranged at positions corresponding to the optical axis C of the camera 6, and around the axis of the second support 11.
- the imaging lens units 5a and 5b suitable for the objective lens units 4a to 4d can be selected and arranged at a position corresponding to the optical axis C of the camera 6. ! /
- the second arm 17 is rotated around the axis of the second support 11, and the zoom mechanism 15 is moved to the camera 6. It can be arranged at a position coinciding with the optical axis C. At this time, the objective lens unit 4d, the imaging lens unit 5b, and the zoom mechanism 15 can be rotated without interfering with the columns 10, 11, and the dimensions of the turret 13, the arms 14, 17 must be reduced. The distance L between the supporting posts 10 and 11 can be reduced.
- the objective lenses 4a to 4d and the imaging lenses 5a and 5b are arranged in a positional relationship in which their rear focal positions substantially coincide with each other in order to improve optical performance.
- the microscope observation device 1 when such a positional relationship is achieved, as shown in FIG.12A, when the high-magnification objective lens unit 4a and the imaging lens unit 5a are selected.
- the distance LI from the imaging position of the objective lens units 4a to 4d to the imaging position of the imaging lens units 5a and 5b due to the difference in the focal length of each lens unit between when the imaging lens unit 5b is selected. L2 is different.
- the microscope observation apparatus 1 is configured such that the optical path is bent and detoured to a high-magnification imaging lens unit 5a having a long distance L1 between the imaging positions. Accordingly, a prism (optical path detour means) 30 for matching the linear distance L2 between the imaging positions with the distance L2 on the low magnification side is provided. As a result, clear images can be taken from low magnifications to high magnifications without moving the camera 6 fixed to the upper plate 12.
- the optical path detouring means a combination of two or more prisms 31, 32 is employed, and the distance between the prisms 31, 32 is adjusted in the direction of the arrow.
- an adjustment mechanism (not shown)
- the variation of the optical path length due to the individual difference between the prisms 31 and 32 may be corrected.
- three prisms 31, 33, and 34 are used as optical path detour means, and the last prism 34 that deflects the detoured optical path to the camera 6 so as to return to the vertical optical path.
- the inclination of the optical axis C described above may be corrected by providing a rotation mechanism (not shown) that rotates around the horizontal axis. By doing so, only the inclination of the last optical path facing the camera 6 can be adjusted, so that it is possible to perform correction easily and accurately without complicatedly changing the optical path.
- the objective lens units 4a to 4d and the imaging lens units 5a and 5b adjust the focal position of these lens units.
- a mechanism 35 and an imaging and focusing mechanism 36 are provided.
- the objective focusing mechanism 35 is fixed by being fastened to a screw hole 13a provided in the turret 13, and has a female screw 37a.
- a movable bracket 38 fixed to the objective lens units 4a to 4c and having a male screw 38a fastened to the female screw 37a, and a relative displacement of these brackets 37, 38
- the set screw 39 to fix and the force are also composed.
- the objective lens unit 4d for high magnification shown in FIG. 6 is not provided with the objective / focal mechanism 35.
- the objective lens unit 4d may be provided with an objective focusing mechanism while the objective lens unit 4d is used. It is preferable to provide the same objective and focal mechanism 35 as in the case.
- the imaging and focusing mechanism 36 includes a fixed holder 40 fixed to the first arm 14, and a horizontal adjustment fixed to the fixed holder 40 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction.
- the horizontal adjustment holder 41 is attached to the lower surface of the fixed holder 40, and by loosening the fixing screw 43, the imaging lens can be horizontally moved by a gap between the hole 44 provided in the horizontal adjustment holder 41 and the fixing screw 43.
- the imaging lens units 5a and 5b can be positioned at the adjusted horizontal position.
- the vertical adjustment holder 42 has a male screw 42a that is screwed into a female screw 41a provided on the horizontal adjustment holder 41, and by rotating the male screw 42a with respect to the female screw 41a, the imaging lens unit 5a, The imaging lens units 5a and 5b can be fixed to the adjusted vertical position by moving the lens 5b in the vertical direction and fastening the set screw 45.
- the lighting device 16 is connected to the light source 2 disposed outside by an optical fiber 46. At the upper end of the zoom mechanism 15, there is provided a dichroic mirror 47 for reflecting light emitted from the illumination device 16 vertically downward and irradiating the sample A via the zoom mechanism 15 and the objective lens unit 4d.
- a second illumination device 50 for illuminating the entire sample A via the switch 48 and the optical fin 49 is arranged near the stage 3.
- Switch 48 may be any device, such as a galvanomirror or a shirt.
- the sample A was fixed to the tray member 9 outside the microscope observation device 1 and the sample A was fixed.
- the tray member 9 is positioned by fitting it into the through hole 3a provided in the stage 3.
- the work of installing the tray member 9 can be easily performed.
- the observer can freely change the observation position of the sample A to perform the observation.
- the turret 13 attached to the first column 10 is rotated to move the low magnification objective lens unit 4a to the camera. Move to the position corresponding to the optical axis C of 6.
- the zoom mechanism 15 is not used, and therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, an objective lens unit 4a that protrudes greatly above the turret 13 can be used, thereby increasing the numerical aperture of the objective lens. Can be prevented from becoming excessively small.
- the first arm 14 attached to the second support 11 is rotated to move the low-magnification imaging lens unit 5a to a position coincident with the optical axis C of the camera 6.
- a combination of the objective lens unit 4a and the imaging lens unit 5a suitable for observation at a low magnification is selected.
- the switch 48 is switched to the second illumination device 50 side to irradiate the light emitted from the light source 2 to the entire sample A, and return the light from the sample A to the objective lens unit 4a and the imaging lens.
- An image is formed on the camera 6 via the unit 5a.
- the prism 30 is arranged in the imaging lens unit 5a as a light path detour means, the light transmitted through the imaging lens unit 5a is attached to the upper plate 12 and forms an image on the camera 6 Will be done.
- the turret 13 is rotated and the other objective lens units 4b to 4d are selected.
- the magnification can be changed by changing only the objective lens units 4b and 4c without changing the image lens unit 5a.
- the position of the objective lens conjugate to the imaging position of the imaging lens may fluctuate due to individual differences between the lens units 4a to 4d and 5a.
- fine adjustment is performed by the objective and in-focus adjustment mechanism 35 and the imaging and in-focus adjustment mechanism 36, so that the adjustment can be performed with high accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a sharp focused image with high precision at any magnification.
- the turret 13 When observing the sample A at a high magnification, the turret 13 is first rotated to move the high-magnification objective lens unit 4 d to a position coincident with the optical axis C of the camera 6. As a result, the low-magnification objective lens units 4a to 4c projecting above the turret 13 are arranged at positions removed from the optical axis C of the camera 6.
- the second arm 17 is rotated in a space formed above the high-magnification objective lens unit 4d on the optical axis C of the camera 6 by removing the low-magnification objective lens units 4a to 4c. Insert the zoom mechanism 15.
- the high-magnification imaging lens unit 5b can be arranged at a position coinciding with the optical axis C of the camera 6.
- the observation position of the sample A placed on the stage 3 in the same manner as described above is changed.
- the operation of 3 makes the optical axis C of the camera 6 coincide.
- the light generated by the two light sources by the operation of the switch 48 is sent to the first lighting device 16 side, and is deflected by the dichroic mirror 47 provided at the upper end of the zoom mechanism 15 to the sample A.
- the return light emitted from the sample A by irradiating the sample A through the zoom mechanism 15 and the objective lens unit 4d is collected by the objective lens unit 4d, and the image of the sample A is further zoomed.
- the objective lens units 4a to 4d can be easily switched by the rotation of the turret 13, and the rotation of the first arm 14
- the imaging lens units 5a and 5b suitable for the objective lens units 4a to 4d can be selectively switched.
- the magnification can be changed not only by the objective lens units 4a to 4d but also by the imaging lens units 5a and 5b.
- the numerical aperture is not excessively reduced.
- the combination of the objective lens units 4a to 4d and the imaging lens units 5a and 5b is changed, a force that may cause a defocus due to individual differences of the lens units and the like is considered.
- the objective lens units 4a to 4d and the imaging lens units 5a and 5b are provided with the focus adjustment mechanisms 35 and 36, respectively, there is no defocus of the observation image when the objective lens and the imaging lens are switched.
- the arrangement of the objective lens and the imaging lens can be easily corrected.
- the imaging lens unit 5a having a long focal length that is, the imaging lens unit 5a on the high magnification side is provided with the optical path detouring means 30, so that the low magnification power without changing the position of the camera 6 can be obtained.
- the linear distance from the sample A to the camera 6 can be reduced. Further, by performing the same focus adjustment in the optical path detour means 30, there is an advantage that the adjustment can be performed easily without having to move the imaging lens unit 5b.
- the zoom mechanism 15 which can be disposed between the objective lens unit 4d and the imaging lens unit 5b on the high magnification side is provided, observation can be performed while continuously changing the magnification.
- the zoom mechanism 15 can also remove the optical axis C force of the camera 6, and the low-magnification observation reduces the numerical aperture. Sometimes the observation image can be brightened.
- the size of the zoom mechanism 15 can be reduced by making the lens of the zoom mechanism 15 smaller.
- the zoom mechanism 15 and the objective lens units 4 a to 4 d are separately rotated around the two columns 10 and 11 provided on the second base 7 b.
- the low magnification objective lens units 4a to 4c that are not used at the same time The zoom mechanism 15 can be arranged at a position overlapping the height direction.
- the size in the height direction can be reduced and the size can be reduced.
- the two columns 10, 11 can be brought close to each other, and the width direction can be reduced. It is possible to make a compact dangling.
- the number of the columns 10 and 11 is not limited to two, and may be three or more.
- the zoom mechanism 15 Since the low-magnification objective lens units 4a to 4c and the zoom mechanism 15 are arranged at positions overlapping in the height direction, the objective lens units 4a to 4c and the zoom mechanism 15 interfere when switching the lens units. This problem can be solved by mechanically or electrically interlocking the insertion / removal of the zoom mechanism 15 and the insertion / removal of the objective lens cuts 4a to 4c. Just fine. Further, as in the case of the microscope observation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, when the high-magnification objective lens unit 4d and the zoom mechanism 15 have a one-to-one correspondence, if the high-magnification objective lens unit is used. The zoom mechanism 15 may be fixed above the 4d.
- the axis 10 Member force rotatably mounted around The upper end force of the pillars 10, 11 after being configured as an assembly 21 on the outside.
- the base 7 has a two-stage structure
- the lower first base 7a has the stage 3
- the upper second base 7b has a column. Since the bases 10 and 11 are attached, the spacing members 8 between the two bases 7a and 7b can be arranged with a wide spacing regardless of the spacing dimensions of the columns 10 and 11. As a result, a wide space around the stage 3 can be secured, and the operability of the sample A can be improved, and the distance between the columns 10 and 11 can be made close to each other to achieve compactness in the width direction.
- the spacing member 8 replaceable, the height position of the second base 7b with respect to the first base 7a can be set arbitrarily. Therefore, the interval can be set in accordance with the size of the sample A placed on the stage 3.
- the sample A is fixed to the tray member 9 fixed to the stage 3 instead of directly fixing the sample A on the stage 3, the operability of the sample A is further improved.
- the tray member 9 is made of a transparent or black material, it is possible to prevent the light that falls off the sample A and impinges on the tray member 9 from entering the objective lens units 4a to 4d as stray light.
- the camera 6 since the camera 6 is installed on the upper plate 12 supported by the two columns 10 and 11, the camera 6 is less likely to vibrate. The blurring of the observation image can be prevented.
- the camera 6 since the camera 6 is detachably provided, the camera 6 can be selected and used according to the type of the sample A to be observed and the observation method. Further, by making the camera 6 rotatable around its optical axis C, the angle of the camera 6 can be set according to the direction of the sample A.
- the entire microscope observation apparatus 1 is placed in a dark curtain or dark box for observation, external light or the like is prevented from being incident on the objective lens units 4a and 4b. can do.
- observation in a dark curtain or in a box is preferable.
- the turret 13, the first arm 14, the second arm 17, the camera 6, and the like can be remotely operated by any driving means, observation in the B sound curtain or the dark box is easy.
- a window that can be opened and closed may be provided in a part of the dark box, which may be turned up a part of the dark curtain.
- a microscope observation device 60 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- portions having the same configuration as those of the microscope observation device 1 according to the above-described first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will be simplified.
- the microscope observation apparatus 60 according to the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a turret 13, an arm 17, and a second turret 62 are rotatably mounted on a single support 61 as shown in FIG. This is different from the microscope observation apparatus 1 according to the above.
- the microscope observation device 60 includes a base 7 on which a stage 3 on which a sample A is mounted is fixed, and a base 7 extending from the base 7 in a vertical direction.
- a second turret 62 on which the 5c is mounted is independently rotatably mounted around the vertical axis of the column 61.
- An upper plate 12 is fixed to the upper end of the column 61, and the camera 6 with the optical axis C directed vertically downward is fixed to the upper plate 12.
- the light source is omitted.
- the objective lens units 4 a to 4 d and the imaging lens units 5 a to 5 c are selected according to the magnification to be observed, and the optical axis C of the camera 6 is selected.
- the imaging lenses 5a to 5c suitable for the objective lenses 4a to 4d having different magnifications can be selected.
- the configuration is simpler than that of the microscope observation device 1 of the first embodiment.
- all the optical systems are integrated in one support 61, there is an advantage that it can be manufactured compactly in the width direction.
- the stage 3 attached to the base 7 can be arranged in a relatively wide space without being surrounded by the surroundings, so that there is an advantage that operability is good.
- the microscope observation device 70 according to the present embodiment is the same as the microscope observation device 60 according to the second embodiment in that it has a single column 61 fixed to the base 7.
- the microscope observation apparatus 70 includes a first lens group 71 combining a low-magnification objective lens unit 4a and an imaging lens unit 5a, And a second lens group 72 in which the objective lens unit 4d, the zoom mechanism 15, and the imaging lens unit 5b are combined.
- the first lens group 71 and the second lens group 72 A plurality of first lens groups 71 having different power magnifications, each of which is shown only one, may be provided. These lens groups 71 and 72 are fixed at the same rotational radius position on the turret 13 rotatably supported by the support column 61 at intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the microscope observation device 70 is a fluorescence observation device, and includes the light source 2, the shutter 73, the filter turret 74, and the switch 48 on the light source 2 side. Second lighting devices 16, 50 are connected to switch 48.
- a dichroic mirror 47 for performing epi-illumination on the sample A for high-magnification observation is arranged between the zoom mechanism 15 and the imaging lens unit 5b.
- reference numeral 75 denotes a computer provided with a control device for controlling the light source 2, the shutter 71, the filter turrets 25 and 74, the switch 48, the stage 3, the turret 13, and the camera 6, and reference numeral 76 denotes a monitor.
- a dye is injected into sample A, such as a small experimental animal, or a sample A is prepared by injecting or expressing a fluorescent protein (step S1), and the created sample A is placed on stage 3 (step S2). .
- step S3 the whole of the sample A is irradiated with light by the second illumination device 50 to obtain a bright field image.
- the stage A is operated to move the sample A to a position where an image is to be taken, and the lens groups 71 and 72 are adjusted to be focused (step S4).
- Step S5 a dye for which fluorescence observation is desired is selected (Step S5), and an imaging wavelength corresponding to the dye is determined by the filter turret 25 (Step S6). Further, the illumination wavelength (excitation wavelength) corresponding to the selected dye is set by the filter turret 74 (step S7). Then, determine the exposure amount and shoot (step S8), save the image (step S9), and if you want to observe over time, wait for a while! 0).
- an image is formed with the objective lens units 4a and 4d. Since a plurality of lens units 5a and 5b are provided as lens groups 71 and 72, or a lens group 72 to which a zoom mechanism 15 is added is provided as a lens group 72, the magnification can be arbitrarily changed without performing parfocal adjustment. Even at a low magnification, the numerical aperture can be prevented from becoming excessively small. As a result, it is possible to capture an image with high brightness even at low magnification.
- a fluorescent image from the sample A is taken as shown in JP-A-7-50031, It is preferable to perform spectral blind deconvolution which simultaneously calculates the fluorescence spectrum and the spatial distribution of the fluorescent substance.
- the fluorescence spectrum of each fluorescent substance and the proportion of the fluorescent substance present in each pixel of the fluorescent image can be simultaneously determined from the captured fluorescent image, and the distribution of the fluorescent substance in the sample A can be determined. .
- the microscope observation device 80 according to the present embodiment is different from the microscope observation device 1 according to the first embodiment in that the switch 48, the optical finos 9 and the illumination device 50 are replaced with an imaging lens unit 5a for low magnification.
- the reflecting member 82 fixed via the holding member 81 and the support 11 3 and a relay optical system 84 fixed through.
- the zoom mechanism 15 is rotatably supported by the column 11, whereas in the present embodiment, the zoom mechanism 15 is fixed to the objective lens 4c for high-magnification observation. ing.
- the reflecting member 82 is arranged to be opposed to the front of the first lighting device 16.
- the illumination light guided from the light source 2 via the fiber 46 and emitted from the first illumination device 16 is turned back toward the relay optical system 84 by the reflection member 82.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the relay optical system 84.
- the relay optical system 84 includes a cylindrical outer cylinder 85 disposed on the outer side of the turret 13 in the circumferential direction, a plurality of lenses 87a and 87b held in the outer cylinder via a spacing tube 86, A reflection member 88 is provided at one end of the outer cylinder 85 and folds the illumination light relayed by the lenses 87a and 87b in the direction of the sample A.
- the spacing tube 86 adjusts the luminous flux of the illumination light applied to the sample A.
- the sample A is a mouse
- the body length of the mouse is about 100 mm
- the length of the spacing tube 86 is adjusted on the stage 3 so that the illumination light beam has a diameter of 100 mm. It is also necessary to illuminate only the largest observation range that does not necessarily need to illuminate the entire sample A.
- the illumination light emitted from the light source 2 passes through the optical fiber 46. And led to the lighting device 16. Since the reflection member 82 is disposed in front of the illumination device 16, the illumination light emitted from the illumination device 16 is deflected by the reflection member 82 and travels to the relay optical system 84. Then, the light beam is adjusted in the relay optical system 84, and the illumination light deflected by the reflection member 88 is applied to the sample A.
- the return light which also generated the force of the sample A, is selectively collected by the turret 13 by one of the objective lenses 4a, 4b, and 4d coaxially arranged with the imaging lens unit 5a, and is collected by the imaging lens unit 5a. To form an image in the camera 6.
- a zoom mechanism 15 and an imaging lens for high-magnification observation are placed on the optical axis C.
- the illumination light emitted from the light source 2 is sent to the illumination device 16 via the fiber 46.
- the forward force of the illumination device 16 is also removed from the reflection member 82, and the dichroic mirror 47 provided at the upper end of the zoom mechanism 15 is instead faced. Therefore, the illuminating light emitted from the illuminating device 16 is deflected vertically downward by the dichroic mirror 47, is collected by the objective lens 4c, and then irradiates the sample A.
- the return light emitted from the sample A is collected by the objective lens 4c, expanded by the zoom mechanism 15, passed through the dichroic mirror 47, and formed into an image in the camera 6 by the imaging lens 5b.
- the illumination light is not passed through the objective lenses 4a, 4b, and 4d [!], So that the objective lenses 4a, 4b, and 4d [ It is possible to reduce the self-fluorescence that occurs beforehand, and as a result, it is possible to obtain an image with good contrast. Further, in the high-magnification observation system, since the light beam focused by the zoom mechanism 15 only needs to be applied to the dichroic mirror 47, there is an advantage that the size of the dichroic mirror 47 can be reduced.
- portions having the same configuration as those of the microscope observation device 80 according to the above-described fourth embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the microscope observation device 90 includes an objective instead of the reflecting member 82 fixed to the imaging lens unit 5a of the microscope observation device 80 according to the fourth embodiment.
- a turret 91 (rotating turret) rotatably supported around the axis of the column 10 is provided between the lenses 4a to 4d and the imaging lens units 5a and 5b.
- a plurality of dichroic mirrors 47a, 47b, 47c having different characteristics and a reflection member 82 are fixed to the turret 91.
- each of the dichroic mirrors 47a, 47b, 47c is attached via a holder 93 to a through hole 92 vertically passing through the turret 91.
- each The dichroic mirrors 47a, 47b, 47c are set so as to be arranged at a position facing the lighting device 16 when the central axis of the through hole 92 to which they are attached is aligned with the optical axis C. I have.
- the holder 93 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, is fitted and positioned in a stepped through hole 92 provided in the turret 91, and has an outer peripheral surface force of the turret 91. Fixed by set screw 94.
- the holder 93 is provided with through holes 93a and 93b penetrating in the axial direction and the radial direction.
- dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c are provided at positions where the through holes 93a penetrating in the axial direction are closed. Is fixed.
- the inside diameters of the through holes 93a and 93b of the holder 93 and the sizes of the dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c are large enough to transmit the light beams collected by the objective lens units 4a to 4d.
- the dike mouth mirrors 47a to 47c are arranged so that they are arranged at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the illumination light and the optical axis C at the intersection of the illumination light emitted from the illumination device 16 and the optical axis C. It is fixed to the holder 93.
- the reflection member 82 is attached to the vicinity of one through hole 92 a provided in the turret 91 by a screw 96 via a holder 95.
- the reflecting member 82 is fixed so as to be arranged at a position facing the lighting device 16 when the central axis of the through hole 92a is aligned with the optical axis C.
- the reflecting member 82 is adhered to a holder 95 fixed to the end of the turret 91, and deflects illumination light emitted from the illumination device 16 toward the relay optical system 84.
- the angle is set so that
- the size of the through hole 92a arranged on the optical axis C when the reflecting member 82 is arranged on the illumination optical path is set to a size that allows the light flux collected by the objective lenses 4a to 4d to pass therethrough. It is formed.
- the turret 13 is rotated to dispose the objective lens 4c and the zoom mechanism 15 on the optical axis C, and the first arm 14 is moved. By rotating, the imaging lens unit 5b is arranged on the optical axis C. [0110] Further, the turret 91 is rotated in accordance with the purpose of the observation, so that the dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c or the through holes 92a having different characteristics are selectively arranged on the optical axis C. The dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c can be attached and detached by loosening the set screw 94 and removing the holder 93 from the turret 91, so that those having characteristics required for observation can be appropriately replaced.
- the illumination light from the light source 2 is emitted from the illumination device 16 via the optical fiber 46, and is arranged in front of the illumination device to face the illumination device.
- the light is deflected vertically downward by the dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c, and irradiates the sample A via the zoom mechanism 15 and the objective lens 4c.
- the return light of the sample A is collected by the objective lens 4c and enlarged by the zoom mechanism 15, and then passes through the through-hole 93a of the holder 93 of the turret 91 and the dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c.
- An image is formed on the camera 6 by the imaging lens unit 5b.
- the through-hole 92a on the optical axis C, the illumination light from the light source 2 is deflected by the reflection member 82 in the direction of the relay optical system 84. For this reason, the sample A is obliquely illuminated by a lateral force obliquely bypassing the zoom mechanism 15 and the objective lens 4c, which do not pass through the zoom mechanism 15 and the objective lens 4c.
- the return light from the sample A is collected by the objective lens 4c, enlarged by the zoom mechanism 15, passed through the through hole 92a of the turret 91, and transmitted to the camera 6 by the imaging lens unit 5b. It is imaged.
- the turret 13 is rotated to selectively select one of the low-magnification objective lenses 4a, 4b, and 4d.
- the first arm 14 is rotated to place the objective lens unit 5a on the optical axis C.
- dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c or through holes 92a having different characteristics are selectively arranged on the optical axis C.
- the illumination light emitted from the light source 2 is sent to the illumination device 16 via the optical fiber 46, and is deflected by the dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c on the turret 91.
- the sample A is irradiated.
- the through-hole 92a is arranged on the optical axis C, the illumination light from the light source 2 is deflected by the reflection member 82 in the direction of the relay optical system 84.
- the sample A bypasses the objective lenses 4a, 4b, and 4d and does not pass through the objective lenses 4a, 4b, and 4d.
- the return light from the sample A is collected by the objective lenses 4a, 4b, 4d, passes through the through hole 92a of the turret 91, and is imaged on the camera 6 by the imaging lens 5a.
- the turret 91 is rotated and the dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c or the through holes are used for both high-magnification and low-magnification observations.
- coaxial illumination that illuminates sample A through objective lenses 4a to 4d and oblique illumination that illuminates sample A by diagonal lateral force bypassing objective lenses 4a to 4d are selected. be able to.
- the characteristics of the dichroic mirrors 47a to 47c can be selected according to the return light to be observed.
- portions having the same configuration as those of the microscope observation device 80 according to the above-described fourth embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the microscope observation apparatus 100 is different from the fourth embodiment in that the relay optical system 101 is held on the turret 13 instead of the support 11. Further, two sets of the relay optical system 101 are arranged for each of the objective lenses 4a to 4d at a position sandwiching each of the objective lenses 4a to 4d.
- the relay optical system 101 includes two cylindrical outer tubes 102 and 103, condenser lenses 104 and 105 held by the outer tubes 102 and 103, a half mirror 106 and mirrors 107, 108 and 109. And The outer cylinders 102 and 103 are fixed to the turret 13 with set screws (not shown) while penetrating the turret 13 in the thickness direction.
- a half mirror 106, a condenser lens 104, and a mirror 108 are substantially linearly arranged in this order from above.
- a mirror 107, a condenser lens 105, and a mirror 109 are arranged almost in a straight line from the top in this order. It is.
- the outer cylinder 102 is a reflecting member fixed to the imaging lens unit 5a via a holding member 81.
- the half mirror 106 moves the reflecting member so that the observation light deflected by the reflecting member 82 is incident. It is located vertically below 82.
- the mirror 107 is disposed at a position separated in the horizontal direction so that the illumination light deflected by the half mirror 106 enters.
- the positions and angles of the outer cylinders 102 and 103 with respect to the turret 13, the half mirror 106, the mirrors 107, 108 and 109, and the condenser lenses 104 and 105 in the outer cylinders 102 and 103 are determined by the objective lenses 4a to 4a.
- Each relay optical system 101 is set to an optimum position so that the observation range of 4d can be illuminated without waste.
- the turret 13 is rotated and any one of the objective lenses 4a, 4b, and 4d is used. Is selectively arranged on the optical axis C. At this time, a relay optical system 101 provided for each of the objective lenses 4a, 4b, and 4d is also set.
- the illumination light emitted from the light source 2 is deflected by the reflection member 82 and directed to the relay optical system 101.
- the illumination light transmitted through the half mirror 106 at the upper end of the outer cylinder 102 has its light flux adjusted by the condenser lens 104, is deflected by the mirror 108, and irradiates the sample A.
- the illumination light reflected by the half mirror 103 is deflected by the mirror 107 toward the condenser lens 105, the light flux is adjusted by the condenser lens 105, deflected by the mirror 109, and irradiated on the sample A.
- the sample A can be irradiated with the observation light emitted from one light source 2 via two paths. Further, two relay optical systems 101 arranged with the objective lenses 4a to 4d interposed therebetween are connected to the respective objective lenses 4a to 4d. In addition, since the position of the optical element is adjusted, a range corresponding to the observation range of each of the objective lenses 4a to 4d can be illuminated.
- the number of light sources 2 may be plural instead of one. In that case, at least the number of relay optical systems 101 equal to or more than the number of light sources 2 is required for each of the objective lenses 4a to 4d.
- portions having the same configuration as those of the microscope observation device 80 according to the above-described fourth embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the microscope observation apparatus 110 includes lenses 113 and 114 held by holders 111 and 112 fixed to the objective lenses 4a to 4d, and holders fixed to the imaging lens units 5a and 5b.
- a relay optical system 120 including a half mirror 116 and a mirror 117 held by 115 and a mirror 119 held by a holder 118 fixed to the base 12 is provided.
- the half mirror 116 and the mirror 117 are arranged at positions vertically separated from each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 26, when the imaging lens unit 5a is disposed on the optical axis C, the half mirror 116 is disposed in front of the illumination device 16 so as to face the illumination device 16, and the half mirror 116 is disposed.
- the mirror 116 and the mirror 118 are arranged so as to be substantially linear in the horizontal direction.
- the illumination light emitted from the illumination device 16 and transmitted through the mirror 116 is reflected by the mirror 118 and directed to the sample A.
- the illumination light deflected vertically downward by the half mirror 116 is further deflected by the mirror 117 and directed to another path force sample A.
- the condensing lenses 113 and 114 are arranged so as to converge the illumination light deflected by the mirrors 117 and 118 on the observation portion of the sample A.
- the condenser lenses 113 and 114 do not necessarily need to be fixed to all the objective lenses 4a to 4d.
- illumination light emitted from the illumination device 16 is hardened.
- the light is divided into a transmission side and a deflection side by a mirror 116.
- the illumination light transmitted through the half mirror 116 is directly deflected by the mirror 118 toward the sample A.
- the illumination light deflected by the half mirror 116 is directed again in the direction of the sample A by being deflected by the mirror 117 again.
- the illumination light deflected by the mirrors 117 and 118 is irradiated by the relay optical system 401 so as to be focused on the observation portion of the sample A.
- the same effect as in the sixth embodiment can be obtained, and the illumination light is directly directed to the sample A by the mirror 118.
- the sample A can be illuminated efficiently by reducing the number of mirror reflections.
- the stage 3 for moving the sample A mounted on the first base 7a and mounted on a transparent material or a black tray 9 for absorbing light in two horizontal and vertical directions but instead, as shown in FIGS. 27-33.
- a fixed stage 130 fixed to the first base 7a or provided integrally with the first base 7a may be employed.
- the mounting surface 131 on which the sample A is mounted is the bottom surface of the concave portion 133 which is one step lower than the peripheral portion 132.
- the volume of the concave portion 133 is preferably large enough to store a body fluid or a liquid W such as a physiological saline that flows when the sample A is cut. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the liquid W from leaking out of the stage 130 during the observation and entering a place around the stage 130 that is difficult to wipe or wash. In particular, when placed in a dark box for observation, etc., the liquid W leaks out of the stage 130! / Difficult to see! Therefore, it is effective to use such a stage 130.
- the stage 140 in FIGS. 29 and 30 has a circumferential groove 142 that is recessed one step around the mounting surface 141 on which the sample A is mounted. It is preferable that the volume of the circumferential groove 142 be large enough to store a liquid W such as a body fluid or a physiological saline that flows when the sample A is cut. As a result, the liquid W leaks out of the stage 140 during observation, and Difficult to wipe ⁇ ⁇ There are places ⁇ It is difficult to wash, and if it is prevented from entering the places, ⁇ ⁇ the same effect as in stage 130 above can be achieved. In addition, according to the stage 140, the liquid W that has flowed out is collected in the circumferential groove 142 lower than the mounting surface 141, so that there is an advantage that the sample A can be prevented from being immersed in the liquid W.
- the stage 150 in FIGS. 31 and 32 has a concave portion 151 in which the mounting surface on which the sample A is mounted is concave. Also in this case, it is preferable that the volume of the concave portion 151 is large enough to store a liquid W such as a body fluid or a physiological saline that flows when the sample A is cut. According to the stage 150, the same effects as those of the stage 150 can be obtained.
- the stage 160 in FIG. 33 has a notch 161 provided in a part of the peripheral portion 132 of the stage 130 in FIGS. 27 and 28, and discharges the liquid W accumulated in the concave portion 133 to the outside.
- a receiving tray 162 is provided outside the notch 161 so that the outflowing liquid W can be stored. By doing so, the sample A can be prevented from being immersed in the liquid W, similarly to the stage 140 in FIG.
- the notch 161 and the tray 162 may be provided on the stage 150 in FIG.
- a through hole (not shown) through which the liquid W flows out may be provided on the mounting surfaces 131, 151 of the stages 130, 150, and a container for receiving the liquid W may be arranged at the tip of the through hole. Good.
- the present embodiment is directed to a living body, an organ, or a tissue observation device.
- the living body is a living mammal selected from the group consisting of a mouse, a rat, a heron, a cat, a dog, a pig, a cow, a sheep, a goat, a horse, a monkey, a gorilla, a chimpanzee, and a human.
- Organs include brain, lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, heart, lymph, blood, bone, cartilage, spleen, liver, gallbladder, stomach, intestine, testis, ovary, uterus, rectum, nervous system, lines and blood vessels
- An organ selected from the group A tissue is a structure in which multiple cells are three-dimensionally composed.
- FIG. 34 schematically shows a configuration of the observation device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- the observation device of the present embodiment includes a lighting device 210 for illuminating a living body, an organ, or a tissue from within, and a living body, an organ, or a tissue by photographing an external force.
- Imaging device 230 for acquiring at least one of a transmission image and a fluorescence image of a tissue And
- the illumination device 210 includes a light source 211 that emits illumination light or excitation light, and a light emission unit 216 that emits illumination light or excitation light to the outside.
- the light emission unit 216 is applied to a living body, organ, or tissue. Can be introduced.
- introducing” the light emitting unit 216 into a living body, an organ or a tissue means inserting the light emitting unit 216 into a cavity of a living body, an organ or a tissue, or inserting the light emitting unit 216 into a living body, an organ or a tissue. And pushing the light emitting section 216 against a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- the light source 211 is not limited to this, but is composed of, for example, a xenon lamp, a mercury lamp, and a log lamp.
- the light emitting unit 216 is formed of, for example, but not limited to, a fiber bundle.
- the living body, organ or tissue, that is, the observation target is the mouse 291
- the light emitting unit 216 is inserted from the mouth of the mouse 291 into the stomach or through the stomach into the intestine.
- the light emitting unit 216 may be inserted into the body of the mouse 291 such as an ear hole, a nasal cavity, an anus, or a child cavity.
- Illumination device 210 further includes a control unit that controls emission of illumination light or excitation light from light emission unit 216.
- the control unit includes, for example, but is not limited to, a shutter 213.
- the illumination device 210 includes a wavelength switching unit that switches the wavelength of the illumination light or the excitation light emitted from the light emitting unit 216.
- the wavelength switching means includes, for example, an illumination light filter turret 214 that includes a plurality of bandpass filters having different transmission wavelength bands and one of which can be selectively arranged on the optical path.
- the imaging device 230 generates an image signal by photoelectrically converting an optical image formed by the image forming optical system 232 and an image forming optical system 232 that forms light of a living body, an organ or tissue force. And an imaging element 235 to be operated.
- the photographing device 230 includes a plurality of imaging optical systems having different magnifications, and includes an imaging optical system turret 231 that can selectively arrange one of them on the optical path.
- the imaging optical system turret 231 includes four imaging optical systems OSl to OS4, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the imaging optical system OS1 has a magnification of 5x
- the imaging optical system OS2 has a 1.5x magnification
- the imaging optical system OS3 has a 1x magnification
- the imaging optical system OS4 has a 0.8x magnification.
- the imaging optical system turret 231 is rotatable about a central axis, and any one of the imaging optical systems OS1 to OS4 can be selectively arranged on the optical path. Therefore, the imaging optical system 232 for imaging light from a living body, an organ, or a tissue is composed of any one of the four imaging optical systems OSl to OS4.
- the imaging element 235 is, for example, but not limited to, a CCD.
- the imaging device 230 further includes wavelength switching means for switching the wavelength of light (observation light or fluorescence) incident on the imaging element 235.
- the wavelength switching means includes, for example, a light receiving filter turret 234 that includes a plurality of bandpass filters having different transmission wavelength bands and one of which can be selectively disposed on the optical path.
- the observation device further includes a display device 240 for displaying an image, and an image processing unit 250 for processing an image signal from the imaging device 230 to form an image to be displayed on the display device 240.
- the image processing unit 250 includes, but is not limited to, for example, a personal computer (PC).
- the image processing unit 250 further includes an image recording unit 251 for recording an image.
- the image recording unit 251 is, for example, but not limited to, a node disk.
- the observation device further includes an illumination optical system 270 for externally illuminating a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- the illumination optical system 270 includes, for example, a light source 271 that emits illumination light, and a fiber bundle that transmits the illumination light from the light source 271.
- the observation device further includes a shutter 213, an illumination light filter turret 214, an imaging optical system turret 231, a light receiving filter turret 234, and a controller 260 for controlling the light source 271.
- the illumination light or the excitation light emitted from the light emitting section 216 illuminates the mouse 291 from inside.
- the emission of the illumination light or the excitation light from the light emitting section 216 is controlled by the shutter 213.
- the wavelength of the illumination light from the light emitting section 216 is switched by the illumination light filter turret 214.
- the imaging optical system 232 includes an imaging optical system OSl to OS by an imaging optical system turret 231. Among the four, those with a magnification suitable for observation are applied.
- the wavelength of the light incident on the image sensor 235 is
- the image sensor 235 photoelectrically converts the formed optical image to generate an image signal, and the image signal is sent to the image processing unit 250.
- the image processing unit 250 processes the image signal to form an image to be displayed on the display device 240, and the image is displayed on the display device 240.
- the image is recorded on an image recording unit 251 such as a hard disk as needed.
- FIG. 36 shows a flowchart of observation by the observation device of the present embodiment.
- the procedure of observation by the observation device of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the light emitting portion 216 of the lighting device 210 which also has a fiber bundle force, is introduced into a living body, an organ or a tissue (SA1). Specifically, the light emitting unit 216 is also inserted into the mouse 291 with the loca.
- a filter to be used in the lighting device 210 is selected (SA4).
- the selected filter is placed on the optical path by the illumination light filter turret 214. If you do not need a filter, place it on the optical path.
- a filter used in the imaging device 230 is selected if necessary (SA5).
- SA5 a filter used in the imaging device 230 is selected if necessary.
- the selected filter is placed on the optical path by the receiving filter turret 234. If no filter is required, do not place the filter on the optical path.
- Illumination light or excitation light is emitted from the light emission unit 216 to illuminate the mouse 291 with internal force.
- the illumination optical system 270 is turned off.
- a transmission image is captured by the imaging device 230 (SA6). If exposure time is not optimal Optimize lighting and exposure time.
- the image processing unit 250 forms a differential image of the transmission image (SA7). Differential images are displayed by converting scattered light generated by the refractive index distribution in a living body, organ or tissue into contrast. This facilitates recognition of the shape of a living body, organ or tissue.
- the image of the transmission image is displayed on display device 240 (SA8).
- SA8 differential image of the transmission image
- the transmission image is displayed on the display device 240 side by side with the transmission image as necessary, such as the images 241 and 242 shown in FIG.
- the morphological characteristics of the imaged part can be observed.
- the image of the transmission image is stored in the image recording unit 251 (SA9).
- SA9 image recording unit 251
- the image of the transmission image is displayed on the display device 240 as necessary.
- the imaging device 230 acquires the transmission image
- the image processing unit 250 forms a differential image of the transmission image
- the display device 240 displays the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image. And are displayed side by side.
- the transmission image is captured in the following procedure.
- a filter to be used in the lighting device 210 is selected (SA10).
- the selected filter is placed on the optical path by the illumination filter turret 214.
- fluorescent proteins such as GFP (Green Florescent Protein), DsRed, RFP, CFP, YFP, maple, and fluorescent dyes such as FITC, Alexa
- Alexa Fluor 488 Alexa Fluor 647, Alexa Fluor 660, Alexa Fluor 680, Alexa Fluor 700, Alexa
- a living body, organ or tissue can be illuminated from the inside with excitation light of a wavelength corresponding to Fluor 750, Rhodamine, Texas Red, Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7, IRDye750, ICG, etc.
- a filter to be used in the photographing device 230 is selected (SA5).
- the selected filter is placed on the optical path by the receiving filter turret 234. If no filter is required, do not place the filter on the optical path.
- a bandpass filter corresponding to a desired fluorescent image is arranged on the optical path.
- fluorescent images in a wide wavelength range If so, do not place the filter on the optical path.
- Illumination light or excitation light is emitted from light emission section 216 to illuminate mouse 291 with internal force.
- the illumination optical system 270 is turned off.
- a fluorescent image is photographed by the photographing device 230 (SA6). If exposure time is not optimal
- the image processing unit 250 forms a differential image of the fluorescence image (SA7). Differential images are displayed by converting scattered light generated by the refractive index distribution in a living body, organ or tissue into contrast. Therefore, it is useful for recognizing the shape of a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- SA7 differential image of the fluorescence image
- the image of the fluorescent image is displayed on display device 240 (SA8).
- the fluorescent image is displayed on the display device 240 side by side with the fluorescent image as necessary, such as an image 241 and an image 242 shown in FIG.
- the morphological characteristics of the imaged part can be observed.
- the image of the fluorescent image is stored in the image recording unit 251 (SA9).
- SA9 image recording unit 251
- the image of the fluorescent image is also stored in the image recording unit 251 as necessary.
- the imaging device 230 acquires a fluorescent image, and the display device 240 displays an image of the fluorescent image.
- the display device 240 displays an image of the fluorescent image.
- changes with time such as the amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue.
- the imaging device 230 acquires a fluorescent image
- the image processing unit 250 forms a fluorescent image image and a differential image of the fluorescent image
- the display device 240 displays the fluorescent image image and the differential image of the fluorescent image.
- By comparing the image of the fluorescent image with the differential image of the fluorescent image it is possible to specify the site where the fluorescent light is generated.
- a fluorescent image is acquired by photographing a living body, organ or tissue from the outside, and the position (distribution), amount, or amount of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue is determined based on the fluorescent image image and the differential image of the fluorescent image You may consider or check the area.
- the light emitting unit 216 that emits the illumination light or the excitation light to the outside is introduced into a living body, an organ or a tissue, and the illumination light or the excitation light is emitted from the light emission unit 216.
- the living body, organ or tissue is illuminated from inside. As a result, the generation of autofluorescence is suppressed.
- the living body, organ or tissue is illuminated from the inside, there is no concern about the surface force of the living body, organ or tissue or the adverse effect on the reflected light image, which is a problem when the living body, organ or tissue is illuminated with external force.
- the light emitting portion 216 introduced into the living body, organ or tissue that is, the light emitting portion 216 inserted into the living body, organ or tissue, or the light emitting portion 216 stabbed into the living body, organ or tissue, or the living body, organ or tissue
- the light emitted from the light emitting unit 216 pressed against the light is subjected to multiple reflection inside the living body, organ or tissue, so that the living body, organ or tissue is efficiently illuminated.
- the observation device of the present embodiment can efficiently illuminate a living body, an organ, or a tissue and observe with good resolution.
- the imaging optical system has an optimum NA (numerical aperture). For example, it is very difficult to efficiently capture a fluorescent image unless NA of 0.05 or more is secured at 1 ⁇ magnification. In addition, it is very difficult in design to secure NA of 0.25 or more.
- the observation device of the present embodiment four light beams By switching between the imaging optical systems OSl to OS4, the living body, organ or tissue can be observed at four different magnifications of 0.8x, 1x, 1.5x and 5x.
- the configuration is such that the imaging optical system is switched by the imaging optical system turret 231, it is easy to secure a relatively large NA even in an imaging optical system with a low magnification. Thereby, a relatively bright V and a fluorescent image can be obtained even at a low magnification.
- the light emitting unit 216 that emits the illumination light or the excitation light to the outside is introduced into a living body, an organ or a tissue, and the light emitting unit 216 Emit illumination light or excitation light to illuminate a living body, organ or tissue from inside.
- a living body, organ or tissue is photographed with an external force to obtain at least one of a transmission image and a fluorescence image of the living body, organ or tissue, and the obtained optical image is displayed on the display device 240. I do.
- a transmission image is obtained by photographing a living body, an organ, or a tissue from the outside, and an image of the transmission image is displayed on the display device 240.
- a transmission image is acquired by photographing a living body, an organ, or a tissue from the outside, and the transmission image and the differential image of the transmission image are displayed side by side on the display device 240.
- a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed with an external force to obtain a fluorescent image, and the image of the fluorescent image is displayed on the display device 240.
- a fluorescent image is obtained by photographing a living body, organ or tissue with external force, and the obtained image of the fluorescent image is compared with other images to determine the amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue. You can compare and consider changes over time
- a living body, an organ, or a tissue is photographed by external force to acquire a fluorescent image, and the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image are displayed side by side on the display device 240.
- a fluorescent image is obtained by externally capturing an image of a living body, organ, or tissue, and the position (distribution) or distribution of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ, or tissue is determined based on the fluorescent image image and the differential image of the fluorescent image. The amount and area can be examined and confirmed.
- the light emitting unit 216 is inserted into the cavity of a living body, an organ, or a tissue for illumination. More specifically, a living body, an organ, or a tissue is a mouse 291, and the light emitting unit 216 is inserted from the mouth of the mouse 291 for illumination. However, the insertion point of the light emitting part 216 is The light emitting unit 216 may be inserted through the nasal cavity or the cavity of the mouse 291 or an anus or an ear hole of the mouse 291 to illuminate.
- the light emitting unit 216 is inserted into the cavity of a living body, an organ or a tissue, ie, the mouth of the mouse 291 to illuminate it. Illumination may be performed by piercing the light 291, or by pressing the light emitting portion 216 against a living body, an organ, or a tissue, that is, the mouse 291.
- FIG. 37 schematically shows a configuration of the observation apparatus according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- the observation device of this embodiment is similar to the observation device of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG.
- the members indicated by the same reference numerals as the members shown in FIG. 34 are the same members, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the living body, organ, or tissue is a live cattle intestine 293 that has just been resected, and the light emitting part 216 that also has a fiber bundle force is a cattle intestine. Inserted into 293.
- the observation device of the present embodiment does not include an illumination optical system that illuminates a living body, an organ or a tissue with external force. Other configurations are the same as those of the eighth embodiment.
- the configuration of the observation device of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the observation device of the eighth embodiment, it can be operated by the same method as that of the eighth embodiment.
- the light emitting unit 216 that emits the illumination light or the excitation light to the outside is introduced into a living body, an organ or a tissue, and the light is emitted.
- the illumination light or the excitation light is emitted from the unit 216 to illuminate a living body, an organ or a fibrous tissue also with internal force.
- the imaging device 230 acquires a transmission image and a fluorescence image
- the image processing unit 250 forms a transmission image and a fluorescence image
- the display device 240 As shown in image 243 and image 244 in FIG. 37, the image of the transmission image and the image of the fluorescence image are displayed side by side. That is, a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed with an external force to acquire a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the transmission image is acquired. And the image of the fluorescent image are displayed side by side on the display device 240. By comparing the image of the fluorescence image with the image of the transmission image, it is possible to specify the site where the fluorescence is generated.
- a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed with an external force to obtain a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the transmission image and the fluorescence image are acquired based on the transmission image and the fluorescence image! / Investigate and confirm the location (distribution), amount and area of fluorescent substances in living organisms, organs or tissues.
- the imaging device 230 acquires the transmission image and the fluorescence image
- the image processing unit 250 forms the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image
- the display device 240 displays the image 243 in FIG.
- the image of the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image are displayed side by side as shown in FIG. That is, a living body, an organ, or a tissue is photographed with an external force to obtain a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image are displayed side by side on the display device 240.
- the fluorescent image and the transmitted image it is possible to identify the part generating the fluorescence.
- a transmission image and a fluorescence image are obtained by photographing a living body, organ or tissue with external force, and the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue is obtained based on the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image.
- the differential image displays the scattered light generated by the refractive index distribution in the living body, the organ, or the tissue by changing it into contrast, and displays the shape of the living body, the organ, or the tissue.
- it is easier to specify the site where fluorescence is generated by comparison using a differential image of a fluorescence image or a differential image of a transmission image.
- the imaging device 230 acquires a transmission image and a fluorescence image
- the image processing unit 250 forms an image in which the transmission image and the fluorescence image are superimposed
- the display device 240 displays an image obtained by superimposing a transmission image and a fluorescence image. That is, a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed with an external force to obtain a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and an image obtained by superimposing the transmission image and the fluorescence image is displayed on the display device 240. Based on an image obtained by superimposing the image of the fluorescent light image and the image of the transmission image, it is possible to identify a part that generates fluorescent light.
- a living body, organ, or tissue is photographed from outside to acquire a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and a fluorescent substance in the living body, organ, or tissue is obtained based on an image obtained by superimposing the transmission image and the fluorescence image. You can also examine and confirm the location (distribution), quantity and area of ⁇ ! ⁇ [0197]
- the imaging device 230 acquires a fluorescent image
- the image processing unit 250 forms an image in which the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image are superimposed and displayed as shown in the image 245 in FIG.
- the device 240 displays an image obtained by superimposing the image of the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image.
- a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed with an external force to obtain a fluorescent image, and an image obtained by superimposing an image of the fluorescent image and a differential image of the fluorescent image is displayed on the display device 240.
- an image in which the image of the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image are superimposed on each other it is possible to specify a site that generates fluorescent light.
- a fluorescent image is obtained by photographing a living body, organ or tissue with external force, and the position of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue is determined based on an image obtained by superimposing the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image. (Distribution) and the amount and area are examined and confirmed.
- the imaging device 230 acquires the transmission image and the fluorescence image
- the image processing unit 250 forms an image in which the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image are superimposed, and the image 245 in FIG.
- the display device 240 displays an image obtained by superimposing the image of the fluorescent image and the differential image of the transmission image.
- a transmission image and a fluorescence image are acquired by capturing a living body, an organ, or a tissue with external force, and an image obtained by superimposing the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image is displayed on the display device 240.
- a site that generates fluorescent light Based on an image obtained by superimposing the image of the fluorescent image and the differential image of the transmission image, it is possible to specify a site that generates fluorescent light.
- a living body, organ, or tissue is photographed from outside to acquire a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the fluorescent substance image in the living body, organ, or tissue is obtained based on an image obtained by superimposing the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image.
- the location (distribution), quantity and area may be examined and confirmed.
- FIG. 38 schematically shows the configuration of the observation device according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the observation device of this embodiment is similar to the observation device of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG.
- members indicated by the same reference numerals as the members shown in FIG. 34 are the same members, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the living body, organ, or tissue is a living bovine liver tissue 295, which has recently been excised, and the light emitting unit 216, which also has fiber bundle power, is a bovine liver. Liver tissue is pressed against 295.
- the observation device of the present embodiment is an eighth embodiment. Unlike the embodiment, it does not have an illumination optical system for externally illuminating a living body, organ or tissue. Other configurations are the same as those of the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 39 shows a flowchart of the observation by the observation device of the present embodiment.
- the procedure of observation according to FIG. 39 by the observation device of the present embodiment will be described.
- a plurality of filters having different transmission wavelength ranges are incorporated in the illumination light filter turret 214, and the filters arranged on the optical path are switched by the illumination light filter turret 214, thereby providing a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths. It should be possible to illuminate the living body, organ or fibrous tissue with light from inside.
- the excitation wavelength of the fluorescent dye (s) or protein (s) used in the organism, organ or tissue, ie, bovine liver tissue 295, is determined (SB1).
- the absorption wavelength spectral characteristic data of the fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein can be stored in an observation device (for example, a hard disk in the image processing unit 250) or stored with a specific fluorescent substance, that is, only the fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein. If the site to be stained is in advance by applying a force V, the site may be measured and acquired!
- the living body, organ or tissue ie, bovine liver tissue 295
- excitation light having a wavelength near the peak of the confirmed absorption wavelength spectral characteristic of the fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein
- the fluorescence image is acquired by imaging with the imaging device 230 outside the bovine liver tissue 295 (SB2).
- the filter of the illumination light filter turret 214 is switched, and the excitation light of another wavelength near the peak of the absorption wavelength spectral characteristic of another fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein is used to detect a living body, organ, or tissue, ie, bovine.
- the liver tissue 295 is excited and photographed by the photographing device 230 to obtain another fluorescence image (SB3). That is, another fluorescence image is obtained by excitation with excitation light of another wavelength.
- SB3 changing the wavelength of the excitation light and photographing
- the image of the true fluorescence image is obtained by calculating the image data of the plurality of acquired fluorescence images (SB5).
- the image of the true fluorescent image is obtained by comparing the absorption wavelength spectral data for each fluorescent substance used with the measured data, and separating (identifying) the fluorescence for each fluorescent substance.
- the image of the true fluorescent image obtained in this way is calculated by acquiring more fluorescent images. In this case, the luminance error is smaller, but on the other hand, the color of the fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein is increased.
- the obtained image of the true fluorescent image is stored in the image recording unit 251 in the image processing unit 250 (SB7).
- the absorption wavelength spectral characteristics of the autofluorescence can be obtained in advance, and the autofluorescence can be separated by the same processing as the fluorescence separation for each fluorescent substance to obtain an image of a true fluorescent image of the specific fluorescent substance. .
- the illumination device 210 illuminates a living body, an organ, or a tissue from inside with a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths
- the image processing unit 250 uses the imaging device 230 Therefore, a plurality of fluorescence images corresponding to the type of the excitation light are separated based on the image signals of the plurality of captured fluorescence images to form a plurality of fluorescence image images. That is, a living body, organ or tissue is internally illuminated with a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths, and the type of excitation light is determined based on a plurality of fluorescence images obtained by externally photographing the living body, organ or tissue.
- the corresponding multiple fluorescences are separated to obtain multiple fluorescence images. This makes it possible to obtain images of a plurality of suitable fluorescent images (true fluorescent images) from which unnecessary fluorescent components have been removed. Also, based on this, the position (distribution), amount, and area of the fluorescent substance in a living body, organ, or tissue can be examined and confirmed.
- the illumination device 210 illuminates a living body, an organ, or a tissue from inside with a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths
- the image processing unit 250 outputs a plurality of fluorescence images captured by the imaging device 230.
- Autofluorescence of a living body, organ or tissue is separated based on the image signal to form an image of at least one fluorescent image of the living body, organ or tissue. That is, a living body, an organ or a tissue is illuminated with an internal force with a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths, and the living body, the organ or the tissue is illuminated based on a plurality of fluorescence images obtained by externally photographing the living body, the organ or the tissue.
- the autofluorescence of the tissue is separated to obtain an image of at least one fluorescence image of a living body, organ or tissue.
- This makes it possible to obtain a suitable fluorescent image (true fluorescent image) from which the autofluorescent component has been removed. Also, based on this, the position of the fluorescent substance in a living body, organ or tissue is determined. The location (distribution), quantity and area can be examined and confirmed.
- FIG. 40 shows a flowchart of another observation by the observation device of the present embodiment.
- an observation procedure according to FIG. 40 by the observation apparatus of the present embodiment will be described.
- [0215] Determine the fluorescence wavelength spectral properties of fluorescent dye (s) or protein (s) used in living organisms, organs or tissues, ie, bovine liver tissue 295 (SCl) o
- the fluorescence wavelength spectral characteristics of the fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein can be stored in an observation device (for example, a hard disk in the image processing unit 250) in advance, or a site stained only with a specific fluorescent substance can be used as a powerful device. If you have a strong component, measure and acquire the part.
- a living body, an organ or a tissue that is, a tissue of a bovine liver 295 is excited by excitation light of a specific wavelength, and the transmission wavelength region near the peak of the confirmed fluorescence wavelength spectral characteristics of the fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein is changed.
- the image is captured by the imaging device 230 outside the living body, organ or tissue, ie, the bovine liver tissue 295, through a filter provided to obtain a fluorescence image (SC2).
- the filter of the light receiving filter turret 234 is switched, and the image is taken by the imaging device 230 via another filter having a transmission wavelength band near the peak of the fluorescence wavelength spectral characteristic of another fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein. Capture and acquire another fluorescent image (SC3). That is, another fluorescence image is obtained by changing the wavelength of the light incident on the image sensor 235.
- SC3 another fluorescent image
- SC3 changing the wavelength of light incident on the image sensor 235 and photographing
- the image of the true fluorescence image is obtained by calculating the image data of the plurality of acquired fluorescence images (SC5).
- the image of the true fluorescent image is obtained by comparing the fluorescence wavelength spectral characteristic data of each fluorescent substance used with the measured data and separating (identifying) the fluorescence for each fluorescent substance.
- the true fluorescent image obtained in this way the more the fluorescent image is acquired and calculated, the smaller the error in luminance becomes.
- the fluorescent dye or fluorescent protein More fading.
- the obtained image of the true fluorescent image is displayed on display device 240 (SC6).
- the obtained image of the true fluorescent image is stored in the image recording unit 251 in the image processing unit 250 (SC7).
- the absorption wavelength spectral characteristics of the autofluorescence can be obtained in advance, and the autofluorescence can be separated by the same processing as the fluorescence separation for each fluorescent substance to obtain an image of a true fluorescent image of the specific fluorescent substance. .
- the illumination device 210 illuminates a living body, an organ or a tissue from inside with excitation light of a specific wavelength
- the imaging device 230 captures images in a plurality of different wavelength ranges.
- the image processing unit 250 separates at least two fluorescent lights corresponding to at least two fluorescent substances based on the image signals of the plurality of fluorescent images captured by the imaging device 230, and separates at least two fluorescent lights of an organism, an organ, or a tissue. Form an image of the image. That is, a plurality of fluorescent images obtained by illuminating a living body, organ, or tissue with excitation light having a specific wavelength, and photographing the living body, organ, or tissue with external force through a plurality of filters having different transmission wavelength bands.
- At least two fluorescences corresponding to at least two fluorescent substances are separated based on the above to obtain images of at least two fluorescence images of a living body, organ or tissue. Thereby, it is possible to obtain images of a plurality of suitable fluorescent images (true fluorescent images) from which unnecessary fluorescent components have been removed. Further, based on this, the position (distribution), amount, and area of the fluorescent substance in a living body, organ, or tissue can be examined or confirmed.
- the illumination device 210 illuminates a living body, an organ or a tissue from inside with excitation light of a specific wavelength
- the imaging device 230 captures images in a plurality of different wavelength ranges
- the image processing unit 250 controls the imaging device.
- the autofluorescence of the living body, organ or tissue is separated to form an image of at least one fluorescent image of the living body, organ or tissue. That is, a plurality of fluorescent images obtained by illuminating a living body, organ or tissue from inside with excitation light of a specific wavelength, and photographing the living body, organ or tissue from outside through a plurality of filters having different transmission wavelength bands.
- FIG. 41 schematically shows a configuration of the observation device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the observation device of this embodiment is similar to the observation device of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG.
- members indicated by the same reference numerals as the members shown in FIG. 34 are the same members, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the observation device of the present embodiment includes another lighting device 310 instead of the lighting device 210 of the eighth embodiment.
- the illumination device 310 includes a laser combiner 311 to which a plurality of lasers that emit illumination light or excitation light can be attached, a light emission unit 316 that can be introduced into a living body, an organ, or a tissue, and a light emission unit that emits illumination light or excitation light.
- An in-vivo observation device 320 that guides the light to the unit 316 and captures light from the light emitting unit 316 to form an image, and a light-receiving unit 319 that includes an imaging device that photoelectrically converts an optical image formed by the in-vivo observation device 320. Have.
- An argon laser, a helium ion laser, a laser diode, or the like can be attached to the laser combiner 311.
- the in-vivo observation device 320 guides illumination light or excitation light supplied from the laser combiner 311 to the light emitting unit 316.
- the light emitting unit 316 is formed of, for example, a fiber bundle, and emits illumination light or excitation light supplied from the in-vivo observation device 320.
- the in-vivo observation device 320 has a built-in confocal scanning optical system for optically observing a living body, an organ, or a tissue via the light emitting unit 316.
- the confocal scanning optical system includes a galvanometer mirror 322 as a scanning means and a pinhole at a confocal position with respect to the observation surface, that is, the convergence point of the emitted light beam.
- the emitted light beam is two-dimensionally scanned by the galvanometer mirror 322, and only light from near the observation surface is selectively extracted by a pinhole to form an image.
- An optical image of a favorable observation surface can be obtained.
- the observation device further includes a controller 262 for controlling the imaging optical system turret 231 and the light receiving filter turret 234, and a controller 264 for controlling the laser combiner 311 and the galvanometer mirror 322.
- the living body, organ or tissue, ie, mouse 291 is illuminated from inside by emitting illumination light or excitation light from light emitting section 316, and the living body, organ, or tissue, ie, mouse 291 is outside.
- the imaging device 230 also captures a transmission image or a fluorescence image by capturing a living body, an organ or a tissue, ie, the mouse 291, using external force, and an in-vivo observation device 320 captures an image of the living body, organ, or tissue, ie, the mouse 291, from within. Obtain an image (reflection image or fluorescence image).
- the display device 240 displays an image 246 of a transmission image or a fluorescence image acquired by the imaging device 230 and an image 247 of an optical image acquired by the in-vivo observation device 320.
- the illumination device 310 has a photographing function of photographing a living body, an organ or a tissue from within, in addition to a function of internally illuminating a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- the display device 240 displays an image of a living body, an organ or a tissue taken with an external force, and an image of a living body, an organ or a tissue taken from inside.
- the displayed image is displayed on the display device 240.
- changes in the amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue can be obtained using a fluorescence image of the living body, organ or tissue taken externally and a fluorescence image of the living body, organ or tissue taken from inside. By observing microscopically and macroscopically, the changes over time in the amount and area of the fluorescent substance can be compared or detected. It is better to discuss.
- the observation apparatus uses FRET (Fluorescence Resonance
- FRET and BRET use "resonance energy transfer (RET)" to detect whether two substances (donor and axceptor) are in a very close state (or combined state) or not. It is.
- RET resonance energy transfer
- CFP fluorescent protein
- YFP fluorescent protein
- quencher quencher
- the illumination device emits resonance when a first substance such as a fluorescent dye or a bioluminescent substance is combined with the first substance.
- a first substance such as a fluorescent dye or a bioluminescent substance
- a living body, organ or tissue containing a second substance that causes an energy transfer phenomenon is illuminated from inside.
- the image processing unit detects a correlation or a binding of molecules in a living body, an organ or a tissue based on an image signal of a fluorescence image captured by the imaging device. That is, based on an image of a fluorescent image obtained by externally photographing a living body, an organ or a tissue containing a first substance and a second substance that undergoes a resonance energy transfer phenomenon when combined with the first substance, Detects the correlation and binding of molecules within organs or tissues. As a result, in living organisms, organs or tissues Of the molecule can be visualized.
- FIG. 42 schematically shows a configuration of the observation apparatus according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- the observation device of this embodiment is similar to the observation device of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG.
- members indicated by the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 34 are the same members, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- the illumination device 210A is different from the light emission unit 216 of the eighth embodiment in that a plurality of illumination light or excitation light is emitted to the outside.
- a plurality of illumination light or excitation light is emitted to the outside.
- two light emitting portions 217 and 218 are provided, and each of the light emitting portions 217 and 218 can be introduced into a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- the lighting device 210A shown in FIG. 42 has two light emitting portions 217 and 218. The number of the light emitting portions is not limited to this. / ,.
- the light emitting units 217 and 218 are configured with, for example, but not limited to, fiber bundles, as in the eighth embodiment.
- the living body, organ or tissue is the mouse 291
- the light emitting part 217 is inserted into the mouse 291
- the light emitting part 218 is inserted into the mouse 291 from the anus!
- the illumination light or the excitation light is emitted from the two light emitting units 217 and 218 to illuminate the mouse 291 from inside.
- the plurality of light emitting units 216 that emit the illumination light or the excitation light to the outside are introduced into a living body, an organ, or a tissue to illuminate the living body, the organ, or the tissue with an internal force.
- a living body, an organ or a tissue, that is, the mouse 291 can be illuminated over a wide area from inside.
- FIG. 43 schematically shows a configuration of the observation device according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the observation device of the present embodiment is similar to the observation device of the eleventh embodiment shown in FIG.
- members designated by the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 41 are similar members, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted. Omitted.
- the illumination device 310A further includes an illumination optical system 370 in addition to the illumination device 310 of the eleventh embodiment.
- the illumination optical system 370 includes a light source 371 that emits illumination light or excitation light and a light emission unit 372 that emits illumination light or excitation light to the outside.
- the light emission unit 372 is introduced into a living body, organ, or tissue. It is possible.
- the light source 371 is not limited to this, but is composed of, for example, a xenon lamp or a mercury lamp / nitrogen lamp.
- the light emitting unit 372 is constituted by, for example, but not limited to, a fiber bundle.
- lighting device 310A has a plurality of light emitting portions for emitting illumination light or excitation light to the outside, for example, light emitting portion 316 and light emitting portion 372, and light emitting portion 316 and light emitting portion 372 include Any of them can be introduced into a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- the living body, organ, or tissue is the mouse 291
- the light emitting unit 316 of the in-vivo observation device 320 is inserted into the mouse 291
- the light emitting unit 372 of the illumination optical system 370 is Inserted into the mouse 291 from the anus!
- the illumination light or the excitation light is emitted from the light emitting unit 316 and the light emitting unit 372 to illuminate the mouse 291 from inside.
- the plurality of light emitting units 216 that emit the illumination light or the excitation light to the outside are introduced into a living body, an organ, or a tissue to illuminate the living body, the organ, or the tissue with an internal force.
- a living body, an organ or a tissue, that is, the mouse 291 can be illuminated over a wide range from the inside.
- FIG. 44 schematically shows a configuration of the observation device according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the observation device of this embodiment is similar to the observation device of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG.
- members indicated by the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 34 are similar members, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the illumination device 210 is It further comprises a balloon for diffusing light, attached to the tip of 216.
- the illumination light or the excitation light emitted from the light emitting section 216 is scattered by the balloon, and is applied to a living body, an organ or a tissue, ie, the mouse 291.
- the illumination light or the excitation light emitted from the light emission section 216 is diffused for illumination. This makes it possible to illuminate a living body, organ or tissue over a wide area from inside
- the present invention is directed, in part, to an observation device for a living body, an organ, or a tissue, and includes the observation device described in each of the following items.
- the observation device of the present invention includes a lighting device for illuminating a living body, an organ or a tissue from the inside, and a transmission image of the living body, an organ or a tissue taken by an external force.
- “introducing” the light emitting portion into a living body, organ or tissue means that the light emitting portion is inserted into a cavity of the living body, organ or tissue, the light emitting portion is stabbed into a living body, organ or tissue, Pressing a part against a living body, organ or tissue.
- a living body, an organ or a tissue is illuminated from inside.
- a living body, organ or tissue can be efficiently illuminated and observed with high resolution.
- Another observation apparatus of the present invention is the observation apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the illumination device includes a light source that emits illumination light or excitation light, and a light emission unit that emits the illumination light or excitation light to the outside.
- the light emitting unit can be introduced into a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- the living body, the organ or the tissue is illuminated from inside by introducing the light emitting unit into a living body, an organ or a tissue and emitting the light or excitation light for the light emitting unit.
- Another observation apparatus of the present invention is the observation apparatus according to the above item 2, wherein the imaging apparatus is formed by an imaging optical system that forms an image of light from a living body, an organ, or a tissue, and an imaging optical system.
- An image sensor that photoelectrically converts the imaged optical image to generate an image signal; further, a display device for displaying an image, and an image signal from a photographing device that is processed and displayed on the display device.
- an image processing unit for forming an image to be displayed.
- the image processing unit further includes an image recording unit for recording an image.
- the illumination device further includes a control unit that controls emission of illumination light or excitation light from the light emission unit.
- the illumination device further includes a means for switching a wavelength of the illumination light or the excitation light emitted from the light emitting unit.
- a fluorescent protein such as GFP (Green Florescent
- a living body, organ or tissue can be illuminated from inside with excitation light of a wavelength corresponding to Red, Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7, IRDye750, ICG, etc.
- the illumination device has a photographing function of photographing a living body, an organ, or a tissue from inside.
- the distribution state of a target molecule in a living body, an organ or a tissue over a wide range, and the distribution state of a target molecule in a living body, an organ or a tissue at a tissue level or a cell level at a high resolution are determined. You can check.
- Another observation device of the present invention is the observation device according to Item 7, wherein the display device is configured to capture an image of a living body, an organ, or a tissue from an external force, and an image of the living body, an organ, or a tissue from inside. Display the image.
- the distribution state of a target molecule in a living body, organ or tissue in a wide range can be easily compared with the distribution state of the target molecule in a living body, organ or tissue at the tissue or cell level. can do.
- the imaging device obtains a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the image processing unit processes the transmission image and the fluorescence image. Then, the display device displays the transmission image and the fluorescence image side by side.
- fluorescence is generated by comparing a fluorescence image with a transmission image.
- the site can be specified.
- the imaging device acquires the transmission image and the fluorescence image
- the image processing unit converts the transmission image and the fluorescence image into images.
- the superimposed image is formed, and the display device displays the superimposed image of the transmission image and the fluorescent image.
- a part that generates fluorescence can be specified based on an image obtained by superimposing the image of the fluorescence image and the image of the transmission image.
- the imaging apparatus acquires a fluorescence image
- the image processing unit forms an image of the fluorescence image and a differential image of the fluorescence image
- the display device displays the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image side by side.
- the differential image converts the scattered light generated by the refractive index distribution in the living body, the organ or the tissue into a contrast, and displays it, so that the shape of the living body, the organ or the tissue can be recognized.
- the fluorescent light is generated by comparing the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image, and the site where the fluorescent light is generated can be specified.
- Another observation apparatus is the observation apparatus according to Item 3, wherein the imaging device acquires the fluorescent image, and the image processing unit superimposes the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image. Is formed, and the display device displays an image obtained by superimposing the image of the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image.
- the imaging apparatus acquires the transmission image and the fluorescence image
- the image processing unit generates the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image.
- the display device displays the fluorescent image and the differential image of the transmission image side by side.
- the fluorescent light is generated by comparing the fluorescent image and the differential image of the transmission image, so that it is possible to identify a site where the fluorescent image is generated.
- Another observation device of the present invention is the observation device according to item 3, wherein the photographing device acquires the transmission image and the fluorescence image, and the image processing unit generates the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image.
- the display device displays an image in which the fluorescence image and the differential image of the transmission image are superimposed.
- a part that generates fluorescence can be specified based on an image obtained by superimposing the image of the fluorescent image and the differential image of the transmission image.
- Another observation device of the present invention is the observation device according to the above item 3, wherein the illumination device includes means for switching a wavelength of the excitation light emitted from the light emitting unit, and the illumination device includes: A living body, an organ or a tissue is illuminated from inside with a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths, and the image processing unit determines the type of the excitation light based on image signals of a plurality of fluorescent images captured by the imaging device. A plurality of corresponding fluorescences are separated to form a plurality of fluorescence image images.
- the illumination device includes a unit for switching a wavelength of the excitation light emitted from the light emitting unit.
- a living body, an organ or a tissue is illuminated from inside with a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths, and the image processing unit performs the processing of the living body, the organ or the tissue based on image signals of a plurality of fluorescent images captured by the imaging device.
- the autofluorescence is separated to form an image of at least one fluorescence image of a living body, organ or tissue.
- the imaging apparatus includes means for switching a wavelength of the fluorescence incident on the imaging element, and the illumination apparatus includes a specific wavelength.
- the living body, organ, or tissue is internally illuminated with the excitation light, the imaging device performs imaging in a plurality of different wavelength ranges, and the image processing unit performs at least two image processing based on image signals of a plurality of fluorescent images captured by the imaging device. At least two fluorescences corresponding to one fluorescent substance are separated to form an image of at least two fluorescence images of a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- the imaging apparatus includes a unit for switching a wavelength of the fluorescence incident on the imaging element, and the illumination apparatus includes a specific wavelength.
- the living body, organ, or tissue is internally illuminated with the excitation light, the imaging device performs imaging in a plurality of different wavelength ranges, and the image processing unit performs processing based on the image signals of the plurality of fluorescent images captured by the imaging device.
- the autofluorescence of an organ or tissue is separated to form an image of at least one fluorescence image of a living body, organ or tissue.
- Another observation device of the present invention is the observation device according to paragraph 3, wherein the illumination device comprises: a first substance; and a second substance that causes a resonance energy transfer phenomenon when combined with the first substance.
- the living body, organ or tissue including the living body is illuminated from the inside, and the image processing unit detects the correlation or binding of molecules in the living body, organ or tissue based on the image signal of the fluorescence image captured by the imaging device.
- This observation device visualizes the reaction of molecules in a living body, organ, or tissue by acquiring a fluorescent image using a substance that can cause a resonance energy transfer phenomenon by binding to a fluorescent substance. be able to.
- Another observation device of the present invention is the observation device according to Item 1, wherein the illumination device has a plurality of light emission units for emitting illumination light or excitation light to the outside, and the light emission unit may be any one of them. Can also be introduced into a living organism, organ or tissue.
- This observation device can illuminate a living body, an organ or a tissue over a wide range.
- Another observation device of the present invention is the observation device according to the above item 2, wherein the illumination device further comprises a balloon for diffusing light, which is attached to the tip of the light emitting section.
- the illumination light or the excitation light emitted from the light emitting portion is scattered by the balloon, so that a wide range of a living body, organ, or tissue is illuminated.
- the living body is selected from the group consisting of a mouse, a rat, a heron, a cat, a dog, a pig, a cow, a sheep, a goat, a horse, a monkey, a gorilla, a chimpanzee, and a human. It is a living mammal.
- the organs are brain, lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, heart, lymph, blood, bone, cartilage, spleen, liver, gallbladder, stomach, intestine, testis, It is an organ selected from the group consisting of ovary, uterus, rectum, nervous system, line and vascular strength.
- the tissue is a structure in which a plurality of cells are three-dimensionally configured.
- the present invention is directed, in part, to a method for observing a living body, an organ, or a tissue, and includes the following observation methods.
- the observation method of the present invention illuminates a living body, an organ or a tissue from the inside, and Or photograph the tissue with external force.
- Another observation method provides a light-emitting unit that emits illumination light or excitation light to the outside of a living body, an organ or a tissue, and emits illumination light or excitation light.
- a living body, organ or tissue is illuminated from the inside, an image of the living body, organ or tissue is taken from outside, and at least one of a transmission image and a fluorescence image of the living body, organ or tissue is acquired, and the acquired optical image is obtained. Is displayed on the display device.
- a light exit portion is inserted into a cavity of a living body, an organ, or a tissue to illuminate.
- the light emitting portion is illuminated by piercing a living body, an organ or a tissue.
- the light emitting portion is pressed against a living body, an organ or a tissue to illuminate the living body.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, further comprising taking an image of the living body, the organ or the tissue from the inside, and capturing the image of the living body, the organ or the tissue with an external force, and the living body or the organ.
- An image of a vessel or tissue taken from inside is displayed on a display device.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, wherein a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed from outside to acquire a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the transmission image and the fluorescence image are obtained. The image and are displayed side by side on the display device.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, wherein a living body, an organ, or a tissue is photographed from outside to obtain a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the transmission image and the fluorescence image are obtained. The image obtained by superimposing the image and the image is displayed on the display device.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, wherein the living body, the organ, or the tissue is photographed with an external force to obtain a fluorescence image, and the fluorescence image and the differential image of the fluorescence image are obtained. And are displayed side by side on the display device.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, wherein the living body, the organ, or the tissue is photographed with an external force to obtain a fluorescent image, and the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image are obtained. Overlap with The displayed image is displayed on the display device.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, wherein a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed from outside to obtain a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the fluorescence image and the transmission image are obtained. Are displayed side by side on a display device.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, wherein a living body, an organ, or a tissue is photographed from outside to acquire a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the fluorescence image and the transmission image are obtained. An image obtained by superimposing the differential image on the display device is displayed on the display device.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, wherein the living body, the organ, or the tissue is internally illuminated with a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths, and the living body, the organ, or the tissue is subjected to an external force.
- a plurality of fluorescence images corresponding to the type of the excitation light are separated based on the plurality of fluorescence image images obtained by the photographing to obtain a plurality of fluorescence image images.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, wherein the living body, the organ, or the tissue is internally illuminated with a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths, and the living body, the organ, or the tissue is exposed to an external force. Based on the images of a plurality of fluorescent images obtained by photographing, autofluorescence of the living body, organ or tissue is separated to obtain an image of at least one fluorescent image of the living body, organ or tissue.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to paragraph 26, wherein the living body, the organ, or the tissue is illuminated from the inside with excitation light having a specific wavelength, and a plurality of filters having different transmission wavelength bands are used. At least two fluorescences corresponding to at least two fluorescent substances are separated based on a plurality of fluorescence images obtained by photographing a living body, organ or tissue through external force through the Obtain two fluorescent images.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to Item 26, wherein the living body, the organ, or the tissue is illuminated from the inside with excitation light having a specific wavelength, and a plurality of filters having different transmission wavelength bands are provided. At least one fluorescence of a living body, organ or tissue is separated by separating autofluorescence of the living body, organ or tissue based on images of multiple fluorescent images obtained by photographing the living body, organ or tissue through external force Obtain an image of the image.
- Another observation method according to the present invention relates to the observation method according to paragraph 26, wherein the living body and the organ include a first substance and a second substance that causes a resonance energy transfer phenomenon when combined with the first substance. Based on the image of the fluorescent image obtained by taking an external force on the organ or tissue, the correlation or binding of the molecules in the living body, organ or tissue is detected.
- Another observation method according to the present invention is the observation method according to paragraph 25, wherein a plurality of light emitting portions for emitting illumination light or excitation light to the outside are introduced into a living body, an organ or a tissue, Illuminate an organ or tissue from within.
- the illumination light or the excitation light emitted from the light emitting section is diffused for illumination.
- the living body is a mouse, a rat, a heron, a cat, a dog, a pig, a cow.
- the organ is brain, lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, heart, lymph, blood, bone, cartilage, spleen, liver, gallbladder, stomach, intestine, testis , Ovary, uterus, rectum, nervous system, line and vascular strength.
- the tissue is a structure in which a plurality of cells are three-dimensionally configured.
- the present invention is directed, in part, to an experimental method using a living body, an organ, or a tissue, and includes the following experimental methods.
- the experimental method of the present invention provides a method of introducing a light emitting unit for emitting illumination light or excitation light to the outside of a living body, an organ, or a tissue, emitting light or excitation light to the living body, organ, or tissue.
- An organ or tissue is illuminated from the inside, a living body, organ or tissue is also photographed with external force to obtain a fluorescent image of the living body, organ, or tissue, and the obtained image of the fluorescent image is compared with other images to obtain an image of the living body or organ. Alternatively, compare or examine changes over time in the amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the tissue.
- Another experimental method according to the present invention is the experimental method according to Item 48, wherein an image of the living body, the organ or the tissue is further taken from inside to obtain a fluorescence image of the living body, the organ or the tissue, and the living body, the organ or the tissue is obtained.
- a fluorescence image taken from outside of a tissue and a fluorescence image taken from inside a living body, organ or tissue the changes in the amount or area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue can be microscopically determined.
- By observing macroscopically the change over time in the amount and area of the fluorescent substance can be compared. Compare or consider.
- the experiment method of the present invention is the experiment method according to Item 48, wherein a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed from outside to acquire a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the transmission image and the fluorescence image are obtained. Based on the image and the image, examine the position, amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue.
- Another experimental method according to the present invention is the experiment method according to paragraph 48, wherein a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed from outside to obtain a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the transmission image and the fluorescence image are obtained. Based on the superimposed images, examine the position, amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue.
- Another experimental method according to the present invention is the experimental method according to Item 48, wherein a fluorescent image is obtained by externally photographing a living body, an organ, or a tissue, and the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image are obtained. Based on this, examine the location, amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue.
- Another experimental method according to the present invention is the experimental method according to Item 48, wherein a fluorescent image is obtained by photographing a living body, an organ or a tissue with an external force, and the fluorescent image and the differential image of the fluorescent image are obtained. Based on the superimposed image, examine the position, amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue.
- Another experimental method according to the present invention is the experiment method according to Item 48, wherein a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed from outside to obtain a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the fluorescence image and the transmission image are obtained. Study the position, amount and area of fluorescent substance in a living body, organ or tissue based on the differential image of
- Another experimental method of the present invention is the experiment method of paragraph 48, wherein a living body, an organ or a tissue is photographed from outside to obtain a transmission image and a fluorescence image, and the fluorescence image and the transmission image are obtained. Based on the image obtained by superimposing the differential image of the image, the position, amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue are examined.
- Another experimental method according to the present invention is the experimental method according to Item 48, wherein the living body, the organ, or the tissue is internally illuminated with a plurality of types of excitation light having different wavelengths, and the living body, the organ, or the tissue is subjected to an external force.
- a fluorescent substance in a living body, organ, or tissue by separating a plurality of fluorescence images corresponding to the type of excitation light based on the images of a plurality of fluorescence images acquired Consider the position, quantity and area of
- Another experimental method according to the present invention is the experimental method according to Item 48, wherein A living body, organ or tissue is illuminated with internal force using several types of excitation light, and the autofluorescence of the living body, organ or tissue is separated based on multiple fluorescence images obtained by capturing the living body, organ or tissue with external force. Then, by obtaining an image of at least one fluorescent image of the living body, organ or tissue, the position, amount or area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue is examined.
- Another experimental method according to the present invention is the experiment method according to Item 48, wherein a living body, an organ or a tissue is illuminated from the inside with excitation light of a specific wavelength, and a plurality of filters having different transmission wavelength bands are used. At least two fluorescences corresponding to at least two fluorescent substances are separated based on a plurality of fluorescence images obtained by photographing a living body, organ or tissue through external force through the The position, amount and area of the fluorescent substance in a living body, organ or tissue are examined by obtaining two fluorescent images.
- Another experiment method of the present invention is the experiment method according to Item 48, wherein a living body, an organ or a tissue is illuminated from the inside with excitation light having a specific wavelength, and a plurality of filters having different transmission wavelength bands are used. At least one fluorescence of a living body, organ or tissue is separated by separating autofluorescence of the living body, organ or tissue based on images of multiple fluorescent images obtained by photographing the living body, organ or tissue through external force By obtaining an image of the image, the position, amount and area of the fluorescent substance in the living body, organ or tissue are examined.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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EP05727465.6A EP1731941B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-29 | Observing device and fluorescent light observing device |
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JP2004324123A JP4790248B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2004-11-08 | 観察装置および蛍光観察装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7589839B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
EP1731941A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
US20070273877A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
EP1731941B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
EP1731941A4 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
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