WO2005022018A1 - 作動流体用継手の受口およびその受口を有する弁 - Google Patents
作動流体用継手の受口およびその受口を有する弁 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005022018A1 WO2005022018A1 PCT/JP2004/012376 JP2004012376W WO2005022018A1 WO 2005022018 A1 WO2005022018 A1 WO 2005022018A1 JP 2004012376 W JP2004012376 W JP 2004012376W WO 2005022018 A1 WO2005022018 A1 WO 2005022018A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder body
- working fluid
- valve
- resin
- female screw
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
- F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/32—Details
- F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
- F16K1/36—Valve members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
- F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
- F16K27/0236—Diaphragm cut-off apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K41/00—Spindle sealings
- F16K41/10—Spindle sealings with diaphragm, e.g. shaped as bellows or tube
- F16K41/12—Spindle sealings with diaphragm, e.g. shaped as bellows or tube with approximately flat diaphragm
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K7/00—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves
- F16K7/12—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm
- F16K7/14—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm arranged to be deformed against a flat seat
Definitions
- Receptacle for working fluid coupling and valve having the receptacle
- the present invention relates to an inlet for a working fluid coupling used in various industries such as a chemical factory, a semiconductor manufacturing field, a liquid crystal manufacturing field, and a food field, and a valve having the port. More specifically, the present invention relates to a working fluid coupling port having excellent breaking strength and excellent corrosion resistance, and a valve having the port.
- a resin cylinder body used for an air-driven valve has a female screw part 45 communicating with the inside of the cylinder body 44 on a peripheral side surface of the resin cylinder body 44 as shown in FIG. 46 was the structure provided physically. As shown in the figure, the female screw of the female screw part 45 was provided up to the inside of the resin cylinder body 44.
- the resin cylinder body 44 is manufactured by injection molding, and it was necessary to mold the cylinder body 44 without processing to reduce costs. In order to achieve molding without processing, dimensional stability of the resin is required, but in addition to this, heat resistance and chemical resistance are required for valve applications.
- PPS-G Glass-filled polyphenylene sulfide
- PVDF-G polyvinylidene fluoride
- PP-G polypropylene
- the taper When tightening the hydraulic fluid joint, the taper applies a force in the direction in which the receiving bore 46 expands due to the taper, and even when the female thread 45 is straight, the seal tape is wound around the working fluid coupling.
- the force Since force is applied in the direction in which the 46 expands, the force tightened with a tightening torque of 0.4N'm—0.5N'm to prevent damage to the receiver 46 of the cylinder body 44. Since the tightening torque may exceed the specified tightening torque without using a torque wrench, PPS-G, which is a stiff but brittle resin, cannot withstand more than the specified tightening torque, and the part of the receiver 46 may be damaged.
- FIG. 7 As a solution to this problem, there is one having a structure as shown in FIG. 7 (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- an annular groove 49 is provided around a connection port 48 (female screw portion) formed in a plastic body 47, and a cylindrical metal insert 50 is inserted into the inside of the annular groove 49. The effect was to reinforce the plastic screw 51 provided at the connection port 48 by reinforcing it with the metal insert 50.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-5-203078 (pages 5-6, FIG. 6)
- connection port 48 In the conventional connection port 48, the inserted metal insert 50 is exposed on the surface of the main body 47 while the cylindrical metal insert 50 is corroded and corroded in a corrosive atmosphere. Since the effect is reduced and the connection port 48 is damaged, there is a problem that it cannot be used in a semiconductor manufacturing field or the like in which a chemical solution that corrodes metal is used. If the main body is made of a rigid but brittle resin such as PPS-G, the plastic screw 51 and the main body 47 are integrated, so if the working fluid coupling is strongly tightened, cracks may occur in the plastic screw 51. There was a problem that the crack affected the main body 47 and the connection port 48 might be damaged.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the related art, and has a receiving port of a working fluid joint having excellent breaking strength and excellent corrosion resistance, and the receiving port.
- the purpose is to provide a valve.
- the configuration of the receiving port of the working fluid coupling according to the first invention of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 1.
- the female screw portion 4 communicating with the inside of the resin cylinder body 9 is made of resin.
- the first feature is that it is fixed while protruding from the outer surface of the cylinder body.
- the second feature is that it is fixed to the resin cylinder body 9 by sheet molding, and the third feature is that it is made of resin with a tensile elongation of 50% to 400% and a tensile strength of 50 MPa to 200 MPa.
- a second invention of the present invention is a valve having a receiver having the above characteristics.
- the tensile elongation of the resin used in the receiving port (hereinafter abbreviated as receiving port) of the working fluid coupling of the present invention is preferably in the range of 50% to 400%. It is more preferable that the ratio be within the range. If the tensile elongation is low, the resin becomes brittle, so the tensile elongation must be 50% or more. Also, as the tensile elongation increases, the tensile strength of the resin decreases, so the tensile elongation must be 400% or less.
- the tensile strength is preferably in the range of 50 MPa and 200 MPa, and more preferably in the range of 50 MPa to 150 MPa, more preferably than the force S. If the tensile strength is low, the strength of the receiving port will be insufficient when connecting the joint for working fluid, and it will be damaged. Therefore, the tensile strength must be 50 MPa or more. Also, as the tensile strength increases, the elongation decreases, so the tensile strength must be 200 MPa or less.
- Resins satisfying these conditions include polyether ether ketone (hereinafter, referred to as PEEK), polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter, referred to as PVDF), and polyphenylene sulfide (hereinafter, referred to as PPS). It is mentioned as a suitable thing.
- PEEK polyether ether ketone
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- the material of the receiving port is not limited to resin, but may be a metal such as stainless steel, iron, or copper.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a closed state of a valve having a receiver according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the receiver of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a main part when a working fluid coupling is connected to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a closed state of the valve in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing another embodiment of the socket of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional valve having an integrally molded receiving port.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a conventional metal-reinforced socket.
- 1 and 2 are PEEK sockets having a tensile elongation of 60% and a tensile strength of 97MPa, and both have the same structure and action.
- 3 is a female screw which is provided at one end of the receiver 1 and communicates with the inside of a resin cylinder body (hereinafter referred to as a cylinder body) 9 described later.
- the head has a part 4 inside.
- the female screw portion 4 is fixed to the cylinder body 9 in a state of protruding from the outer surface of the cylinder body 9, that is, such that the female screw portion 4 is located outside the outer surface of the cylinder body 9.
- Reference numeral 5 denotes a base provided at the other end of the receiving port 1, which is provided with a diameter smaller than that of the head 3, and which is fixed by insert molding in a state of being included in the cylinder body 9. ing.
- a detent portion 8 provided with a plurality of cutouts 7 in the axial direction is provided on the outer periphery of a ring-shaped flange portion.
- a gap portion 6 which is continuous with the female screw portion 3 and has a smaller diameter than the female screw portion 3.
- the gap portion 6 has a first communicating portion which communicates with the female screw portion 3.
- a part of the cylinder body 9 having the working fluid supply port 13 at the center is filled and fitted.
- the shape of the receiver 1 is not limited to the present embodiment, but instead of the gap 6 of the base 5 as shown in FIG. 5, a communication communicating with the first working fluid supply port 13 of the cylinder body 9 is provided. A shape provided with the holes 43 may be used. Further, the receiver 1 may be one in which a metal is embedded so that the metal is not exposed on the surface around the female screw portion 3.
- the force using PEEK for the receiver 1 has a tensile elongation of 50% or more, preferably 50% to 400%, and a tensile elongation of 50MPa or more.
- it is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a resin having a tensile strength of 50 MPa to 200 MPa.
- the bearing 1 of this embodiment is a force fixed by insert molding. As long as it is fixed in a state in which it is non-rotatably hermetically sealed, it may be fixed by sticking, screwing, welding or the like.
- Reference numeral 9 denotes a cylinder body made of PPS-G having a glass content of 65%, which is fixed to an upper portion of a body 32 described later with bolts and nuts (not shown). Inside the cylinder body 9, an upper space 10 and a lower space 11 are formed in a stepwise manner from the top of each space, and a diaphragm holding fitting portion 12 is provided at a lower portion. Receivers 1 and 2 are fixed to the side surface by insert molding. The first working fluid supply port 13 that connects the receiver 1 and the upper gap 10 and the second actuation that connects the receiver 2 and the lower gap 11 A fluid supply port 14 is formed.
- the cylinder body 9 may be made of a resin such as a force PVDF_G or PP-G made of PPS-G.
- Reference numeral 15 denotes a piston, which is provided with a flange 17 having an annular groove 16 for holding an O-ring on the upper outer peripheral surface, and vertically moves the inner peripheral surface of the lower gap 12 of the cylinder body 9. It is arranged at the sliding position.
- a shaft 19 having a male screw 18 formed at the lower end thereof is provided integrally with a flange 17 at a lower portion, and penetrates a through hole 23 of a diaphragm retainer 21 to be described later. Is provided with an annular groove 20 for holding the O-ring.
- Reference numeral 21 denotes a diaphragm retainer, and a bottomed cylindrical concave portion 22 is formed below the diaphragm retainer. At the center of the upper surface of the concave portion 22 is formed a through hole 23 into which the shaft portion 19 of the piston is inserted. On the lower surface of the diaphragm retainer 21, a tapered portion 24 whose diameter decreases toward the concave portion 22 is provided. An O-ring 25 is fitted around the outer periphery of the diaphragm retainer 22. An annular projection 26 is formed on the lower outer peripheral surface, and is fitted into the diaphragm holding fitting portion 12 of the cylinder body 9.
- Reference numeral 27 denotes a diaphragm made of polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter, referred to as PTFE).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- a female screw portion 29 is provided on the upper surface of the valve body 28 and is screwed to the male screw portion 18 of the shaft portion 19 of the piston 15. That is, the valve element 28 can move up and down with the vertical movement of the piston, and is pressed and separated from the valve seat 40 of the main body 32, which will be described later, so that the flow path can be closed or opened.
- a thin diaphragm 30 is provided at the periphery of the valve body. Further, an annular fitting portion 31 having a rectangular cross section is provided on the outer periphery of the diaphragm portion 30, and fits into an annular groove 34 of a main body 32 described later. In the combined state, the main body 32 and the lower surface of the diaphragm retainer 21 are sandwiched and fixed.
- Reference numeral 32 denotes a main body made of PTFE.
- the upper part of the main body 32 has an annular protrusion 33 joined to the lower part of the cylinder body 9 and an annular groove 34 on the inner periphery of the annular protrusion 33, and is formed inside the annular protrusion 33 together with the diaphragm 27.
- a valve chamber 35 is provided.
- communication ports 36 and 37 are provided, and the communication port 36 communicates with a fluid inlet 38, and the communication port 38 communicates with a fluid outlet 39.
- the opening of the communication port 36 is provided at the center of the bottom of the valve chamber 35, and the periphery of the opening serves as a valve seat 40.
- a PTFE seal tape is wound around the male thread portion 42 of the working fluid joint 41.
- the male screw portion 42 on which the sealing tape is wound is screwed to the female screw portion 4 of the socket 1 with a tightening torque of 0.5 N'm using a torque wrench.
- the working fluid coupling 41 is screwed into the receiving port 2 in the same procedure.
- a taper screw is used for the male screw portion 42 of the working fluid joint 41, and therefore, when screwing, a stress is applied in a direction in which the female screw portion 4 of the receiving port 1 spreads.
- the female screw part 4 communicating with the inside of the cylinder body 9 is fixed in a state exposed from the outer surface of the cylinder body 9, when connecting the joint 41 for working fluid, Even if a stress is applied in the direction in which the female screw portion 4 spreads, the stress can be reduced by slightly expanding the female screw portion 4 outward. Further, since the female screw portion 4 is fixed in a state where the female screw portion 4 is exposed from the outer surface of the cylinder body 9, stress is applied only to the head portion 3. Even if the working fluid coupling 41 is tightened, the cylinder body 9 itself is not damaged.
- valve element 28 When the valve is closed (the state shown in FIG. 1), the valve element 28 is pressed against the valve seat 40 to close the flow path.
- air which is a working fluid
- Air is injected into the lower gap 11 formed between the ston 15 and the diaphragm retainer 21, and the piston 15 is pushed up by the pressure of the air, so that the valve body 28 connected to the piston 15 is also separated from the valve seat 40 by force.
- the valve is lifted upward to open the valve (the state shown in Fig. 4), and the fluid flows in through the fluid inlet 38, passes through the communication port 36, the valve chamber 37, and the communication port 37, and flows out of the fluid outlet 39. Is done.
- valve of the present invention is an air-driven stop valve
- a valve that can be driven by a hydraulic pressure or the like may be a diaphragm valve or a pinch valve, and is not particularly limited. The same effect can be obtained by using the receiver of the present invention not only for a valve but also for a pump or the like.
- the receivers 1 and 2 are manufactured by changing the material of the resin, and a breaking torque test is performed.
- the physical properties of each resin were evaluated according to the methods described below. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a receiver was manufactured by injection molding using PEEK, a test sample was manufactured by insert molding into the cylinder body, and a fracture torque test was performed on the obtained test sample.
- a receiver is manufactured by injection molding using polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as PVDF), insert-molded into the cylinder body to produce a test sample, and a fracture torque test is performed using the obtained test sample.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- a receiver is manufactured by injection molding using natural polyphenylene sulfide (hereinafter referred to as PPS), insert molding is performed on the cylinder body to produce a test sample, and a fracture torque test is performed using the obtained test sample.
- PPS natural polyphenylene sulfide
- test sample was manufactured by injection molding the port provided integrally with the cylinder body using PPS-G (amount of glass added 65% by mass), and a fracture torque test was performed with the obtained test sample. .
- a receiver is manufactured by cutting using tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (hereinafter referred to as ETFE), insert molding is performed on the cylinder body, and a test sample is manufactured. To conduct a breaking torque test.
- ETFE tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer
- PEEK of Test Example 1 had a tensile elongation of 60% and a tensile strength of 97 MPa. At the time of breakage, the thread groove of the female screw part was broken, but the cylinder body, which was the mother body, was not damaged. In addition, the breaking torque is 6. ON 'm, which is twice as strong as 3. ON' m, and greatly exceeds the acceptance criteria, making it very suitable for the material of the socket.
- the PVDF of Test Example 2 had a tensile elongation of 50% and a tensile strength of 55 MPa. At the time of breakage, the thread groove of the female screw part was broken, but the force was strong enough to not damage the cylinder body. In addition, the breaking torque is 3. ON'm, which is equivalent to the acceptance criteria, so it is suitable for the material of the port.
- the PPS of Test Example 3 had a tensile elongation of 50% and a tensile strength of 75 MPa.
- the force that broke the thread groove of the female thread part did not damage the cylinder body.
- the breaking torque is 5. ON'm, which is much higher than the passing standard, so it is suitable for the material of the port.
- the ETFE of Comparative Example 2 has a tensile elongation of 250. / o, tensile strength was 46MPa, and when the tensile strength was slightly lower, the socket was broken.
- the breaking torque is 2.5 N'm, which is a problem when tightening with the specified tonnolek, but it does not meet the acceptance criteria and is not suitable for the material of the socket.
- the socket of the present invention is fixed to the resin cylinder body in a state where the female screw portion communicating with the resin cylinder body is exposed, when the working fluid joint is screwed, There is no possibility that the resin cylinder body will be damaged.
- using resin for the receiving port will not damage the receiving port even in a corrosive atmosphere, so it can be used for air-driven or hydraulically driven stop valves, diaphragm valves, pinch valves, etc. Used. The same effect can be obtained by using the receiver of the present invention not only for a valve but also for a pump or the like.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Valve Housings (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/364,295 US8231101B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-27 | Receiving opening of joint for working fluid and valve with the receiving opening |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-307045 | 2003-08-29 | ||
JP2003307045A JP4478922B2 (ja) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | 作動流体用継手の受口およびその受口を有する弁 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005022018A1 true WO2005022018A1 (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
Family
ID=34269419
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/012376 WO2005022018A1 (ja) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-27 | 作動流体用継手の受口およびその受口を有する弁 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8231101B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4478922B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101019364B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100378389C (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200508530A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005022018A1 (ja) |
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JP4412963B2 (ja) | 2003-10-10 | 2010-02-10 | 旭有機材工業株式会社 | バルブ用樹脂製部材 |
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JP5986450B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-06 | 2016-09-06 | サーパス工業株式会社 | 空気圧操作弁及びその組立方法 |
KR20170035590A (ko) | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-31 | (주)플로닉스 | 와류 방지가 가능한 밸브 |
KR20170028120A (ko) | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-13 | (주)플로닉스 | 와류 방지 가능한 플라스틱 밸브 |
KR20170035589A (ko) | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-31 | (주)플로닉스 | 와류 방지가 가능한 밸브에 사용되는 코어 |
KR20170035819A (ko) | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-31 | (주)플로닉스 | 플라스틱 밸브 |
KR102319213B1 (ko) | 2016-03-07 | 2021-10-29 | 봅스트 맥스 에스에이 | 가스 및/또는 진공 분배용 장치, 흡입 유닛, 피더, 시트 처리기 및 가스 및/또는 진공 분포용 장치를 조종하는 방법 |
WO2017173252A1 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | Entegris, Inc. | Diaphragm valve with full closure |
US10641398B2 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2020-05-05 | Red-White Valve Corp. | Ball valve with integrated fitting |
KR20170028290A (ko) | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-13 | (주)플로닉스 | 와류 방지 가능한 플라스틱 밸브 |
US10502333B2 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2019-12-10 | Red-White Valve Corp. | Ball valve with components integrated into the ball member |
US10436189B2 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2019-10-08 | Donald R. McMullen | Compressor gas cutoff |
WO2020131456A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | Entegris, Inc. | Valve and valve member for controlling fluid flow |
KR20200091770A (ko) | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-31 | 이상선 | 플라스틱 밸브 |
KR102173902B1 (ko) | 2019-01-25 | 2020-11-04 | 이상선 | 유선형 유체 이송공을 가지는 밸브 |
KR102218444B1 (ko) | 2019-01-25 | 2021-02-22 | 이상선 | 뒤틀림을 방지할 수 있는 밸브 |
KR102478698B1 (ko) | 2020-03-26 | 2022-12-19 | (주)플로닉스 | 잠금 기능을 가지는 밸브 |
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- 2004-08-27 KR KR1020067002751A patent/KR101019364B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-08-27 US US11/364,295 patent/US8231101B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-27 CN CNB2004800226144A patent/CN100378389C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-27 TW TW093125874A patent/TW200508530A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4478922B2 (ja) | 2010-06-09 |
TW200508530A (en) | 2005-03-01 |
CN1833134A (zh) | 2006-09-13 |
KR20060067953A (ko) | 2006-06-20 |
CN100378389C (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
JP2005076731A (ja) | 2005-03-24 |
KR101019364B1 (ko) | 2011-03-07 |
US8231101B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
US20090166574A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
TWI334912B (ja) | 2010-12-21 |
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