WO2005000741A1 - 電気伝導性12CaO・7Al 2O3 及び同型化合物とその製造方法 - Google Patents
電気伝導性12CaO・7Al 2O3 及び同型化合物とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention 12Ca0'7Al20 3 compound (hereinafter referred to as C12A7.), (Hereinafter referred to as S12A7) 12Sr0'7Al 2 03 compound, or a high concentration mixed crystal compounds of the 12Ca0'7Al 2 03 and 12Sr0'7Al 2 03
- the present invention relates to compounds in which electrons are introduced into a compound, a method for producing these compounds, and uses of these compounds. Background art
- Non-Patent Document 1 Since then, it has been clarified that this free oxygen can be replaced by various anions.
- the present inventors have conducted a solid-phase reaction of a raw material obtained by mixing calcium and aluminum at an atomic equivalent ratio of approximately 12:14 under conditions of controlled atmosphere and temperature, and obtained a high-temperature reaction of 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more. It has been newly found that a C12A7 compound that includes a high concentration of reactive oxygen species can be obtained.
- a patent application was filed for the compound itself, its production method, a means for extracting clathrate ions, a method for identifying active oxygen ion radicals, and an invention relating to the use of the compound.
- the concentration of ayuon other than oxygen, such as 0H- ions, in the compound is controlled, and
- Patent Document 2 A new method for including or removing active oxygen at around ° C was found, and a patent application was filed for an invention relating to this (Patent Document 2). Furthermore, they have found that a high-density 0-ion beam can be extracted by applying an electric field to a C12A7 compound containing a high concentration of active oxygen, and applied for a patent relating to this (Patent Document 3).
- 0H ions can be reduced to 10 2 i cm- 3 or more.
- a C12A7 compound containing the compound at a concentration was synthesized, and a patent application was filed for the compound itself, its production method, a method for identifying 0H-ions, and an invention relating to the application of the compound (Patent Document 4).
- the C12A7 compound containing hydrogen anions was a material exhibiting fast ionic conduction, and that the hydrogen anions could be extracted into vacuum by applying an electric field. Furthermore, they discovered that green coloration was caused by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or X-rays, and at the same time, a permanent change from an electrical insulator to an electrical conductor, which can be returned to an isolated state by heating or irradiation with strong visible light. Then, a patent application was filed for an invention relating to this application (Patent Document 5).
- An S12A7 compound is known as a compound having a crystal structure equivalent to that of a C12A7 compound (Non-Patent Document 3).
- the present inventors have also proposed a synthesis method and activity for S12A7.
- a patent application was filed for an invention relating to a method for inclusion of a basic oxygen ion and an application of the compound (Patent Document 6).
- the electride compound is a concept first proposed by J. L. Dye (Non-patent document 4), and was first realized with a compound using crown ether as a cation and an electron as an anion. It is known that electride exhibits electrical conductivity due to hobbing of electrons contained as anions. Later, several organic compound electrides were found, but all of these compounds were stable only at low temperatures of about 100 ° K or less, and were extremely unstable at reacting with air and water. It is a compound.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-49524 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-3218)
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-226843 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-40697)
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application 2001-377293
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-117546 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-316867)
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application 2002-117314
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-045302 (JP-A-2003-238149)
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Application 2002-188561.
- Patent Document 8 US Patent No. 5,675,972
- Non-Patent Document 1 H.B.Bartl and T. Scheller, Nates Jarhrb.Mineral, Monatsh. (1970), 547
- Non-Patent Document 2 H. Hosono and Y. Abe, Inorg. Chem. 26, 1193, (1987), "Materials Science”, Vol. 33, No. 4, pl71-172, (1996)
- Non-Patent Document 30 Yamaguchi et al., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 69 [2] C-36, (1986) Non-Patent Document 4 FJ Tehan, BL Barrett, JL Dye, J. Am. Chem. Soc. ., 96, 7203-7208
- Non-Patent Document 5 A. S. Ichimura, J. L. Dye, M. A. Camblor, L. A. Villaescusa, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 124, 1170, (2002) Disclosure of the Invention
- the above-mentioned C12A7, S12A7 or a mixed crystal compound containing a hydrogen anion include ultraviolet irradiation treatment to achieve permanent electrical conductivity. Then there were problems such as a decrease in electric conductivity.
- the method of expressing electrical conductivity by inclusion of an alkali metal has a problem in that it is difficult to include a large amount of alkali metal or ions inside the compound, and it is difficult to obtain high conductivity.
- the method based on the inclusion of hydrogen ions and alkali metal ions it is not possible to replace the free oxygen ions contained in C12A7, S12A7, or their mixed crystal compounds with electrons at a high concentration or all of the free oxygen ions. could not.
- the present inventors have repeated studies based on the findings obtained from studies on C12A7, S12A7, or a mixed crystal compound thereof, which includes a hydrogen anion and an alkali metal ion. Isostatic pressing of single crystal of C12A7, S12 A7, or their mixed crystal compounds or fine powders of these compounds, held in the earth metal vapor Power of black-green coloring despite no UV irradiation And at the same time, it has been found that it has a high electrical conductivity of 1 SZ cm or more.
- [S r 24A 1 28 ⁇ 64] It is written as 4+ (4 e-).
- the compound is an electride compound having [C a 24A 1 28 ⁇ 64] 4+ or [S r 24A 1 28 ⁇ 64] 4+ as a cation and an electron as an anion. It can be regarded as a compound.
- C12A7, S12A7, or a fine powder of a mixed crystal compound thereof are preferably formed by a hydrostatic press, and are preferably placed in a reducing atmosphere, preferably in a covered carbon crucible at about 160 ° C. It has been found that almost all free oxygen can be replaced by electrons by keeping the temperature and cooling slowly. Further, rare gas ions are implanted into the thin film of C12A7, S12A7, or a mixed crystal compound thereof maintained at a temperature of 500 ° C. or more and 140 ° C. or less, most preferably 600 ° C. Also found that many free oxygen can be replaced by electrons.
- the present study aims to maintain the stable solid materials C12A7, S12A7, or their mixed crystal compounds at a high temperature in alkali metal vapor or alkaline earth metal vapor, and in a carbon crucible,
- a method of permanently changing C12A7, S12A7, which is originally an electric insulator, or a mixed crystal compound thereof into an electric conductor, by slowly cooling or by implanting a rare gas ion into the heated compound thin film. provide.
- the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal vapor treatment method at a high temperature, or the high temperature holding and slow cooling treatment method in a carbon crucible can almost completely extract free oxygen and replace it with electrons.
- an inorganic solid electride compound that is chemically and chemically stable can be produced.
- a stable solid electride compound can be used as an electron-emitting material that operates at room temperature.
- electrons have a strong reducing action, and compounds and electrides in which free oxygen is replaced with electrons absorb oxygen strongly when exposed to an oxygen atmosphere or brought into contact with a compound containing oxygen. Therefore, these compounds and powders can be applied as a reducing material.
- the present invention provides a method for producing an electride compound, comprising:
- the present invention provides a method for selectively and massively encapsulating O-, H-, or N- in C12A7, S12A7, or a mixed crystal thereof, by replacing the electrons with anions.
- the present invention includes the following.
- a melt of a fine powder of a mixed crystal compound of a 7A12O3 compound and a 12SrO.7A12O3 compound is heated in a reducing atmosphere to a temperature exceeding 1550 ° C, less than 1650 ° C, The method for producing a compound according to the above (9), wherein the temperature is held for more than 1 minute and less than 2 hours, and the temperature is gradually cooled to room temperature. ⁇
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing light absorption spectra of Samples 1 to 4 in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing light absorption spectra obtained by the Kubelka-Munk method from the diffuse reflection spectra of Samples 5 and 6 in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in temperature of electric conductivity of Samples 1 to 6 in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the acceleration voltage and current of the electride C12A7 compound prepared in Example 1. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the starting material in the present invention may be a pure C12A7 compound, or a part of calcium and aluminum or all of calcium or aluminum may be replaced by another as long as the crystal structure specific to C12A7 is not broken during the processing. It may be a mixed crystal solid solution having a crystal structure equivalent to that of the C12A7 compound substituted with the element (hereinafter, these are abbreviated as homomorphic compounds).
- S12A7 is currently known as a compound having the same type of crystal structure as the C12A7 compound, and the mixing ratio of Ca and Sr can be freely changed. That is, a mixed crystal compound of C12A7 and S12A7 may be used.
- the type and amount of anions included in the starting material from the beginning do not have a significant effect on the effect of abstracting free oxygen and replacing it with electrons.
- the form of the starting material may be any of powder, film, polycrystal, and single crystal.
- Starting material C12A7 is synthesized by using a raw material containing calcium and aluminum in an atomic equivalence ratio of 12:14 and performing a solid-phase reaction at a firing temperature of 1200 ° C or higher and lower than 141 ° C. .
- Typical raw materials are carbonated calcium and aluminum oxide.
- Single crystals can be obtained by a zone melting method (FZ method) using C12A7 obtained by a solid-phase reaction as a precursor.
- FZ method zone melting method
- the molten zone is moved by pulling up the precursor rod while focusing infrared rays on the rod-shaped ceramic precursor, and the single crystal is grown continuously at the molten zone / solidified interface.
- the present inventors have filed a patent application for an invention relating to a method for producing a C12A7 compound single crystal containing a high concentration of active oxygen species and a bubble-free C12A7 single crystal (Patent Document 2; Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-226843; Published 2003-40697).
- a single crystal of the starting material C12A7 compound or the same compound is placed in an atmosphere containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal vapor at a temperature of 600 ° C or more and less than 800 ° C, preferably 700 ° C. After maintaining the temperature of C for 4 to 240 hours, cool to room temperature at a rate of about 300 ° C / hour.
- the atmosphere containing Al-Li metal or Al-Li earth metal vapor is placed in a thermally and chemically durable container such as quartz glass with Alkali metal powder or Al-Li metal powder.
- the starting material may be sealed in vacuum.
- Alkali metal is sometimes included in single crystals of C12A7 compound and the same type of compound, so for the purpose of extracting free oxygen, Alkali earth metal vapor that is rarely included is used.
- the starting material is a C12A7 compound
- calcium metal vapor contained in the starting material is most preferable.
- Al-Li metal or Al-earth metal vapor deposits on the surface of the single crystal and is included inside the single crystal
- a calcium oxide layer is formed on the surface.
- the temperature at which the single crystal is retained is lower than 600 ° C, especially at 500 ° C or lower, the free oxygen extraction reaction is extremely slow. The compound decomposes.
- the amount of free oxygen extracted increases, and the calcium oxide layer on the surface becomes thicker.
- the amount of extracted free oxygen can be determined from the X-ray diffraction spectrum, the thickness of the calcium oxide layer, the intensity of the light absorption band having a peak at 0.4 eV, and the electrical conductivity.
- C12A7 compound and the same type of compound is formed by a uniaxial press, it is further molded by an isostatic press.
- the initial uniaxial press may be omitted if the starting material is shaped to allow isostatic pressing.
- Molding pressure of uniaxial pressing is about 200 kg Z cm 2 or more, about 400 k gZc m 2 or less, preferably, a 300 kg / cm 2 or so, the molding pressure of the isostatic pressing is about 20 ⁇ 0 k gZcni 2 is preferable.
- the obtained molded body is placed in a reducing atmosphere, preferably in a carbon crucible with a lid, and the crucible is placed in an alumina crucible with a lid, and is at least 1550 ° C and less than 1650 ° C, preferably
- the temperature is raised to about 1600 ° C, and the temperature is maintained for 1 minute or more and less than 2 hours, preferably 1 hour, and then cooled. If the holding temperature is higher than the above range, single-phase C12A7 compounds and isomorphous compounds cannot be formed. When the holding temperature is lower than 1550 ° C, a single-phase C12A7 compound and the same type compound can be formed, but no substitution of free oxygen and electrons occurs.
- the heating rate is about 400 ° CZ time.
- the cooling rate is about 400 ° CZ hours, and it cools down to room temperature.
- the heating rate does not significantly affect the product, and it is easy to obtain about 400 ° C / hour in a normal electric furnace.
- a large-capacity electric furnace is required. If the cooling rate is remarkably large at 500 ° C. hours or more, the obtained compound becomes glassy and is hardly crystallized.
- the product can be obtained by placing the carbon crucible directly in the electric furnace, the carbon crucible is used to prevent contamination from the heater of the electric furnace and to reduce the reaction of the carbon crucible with the atmosphere. It is better to set it in an alumina crucible.
- the obtained compound was black (the powder was green), and was found to be a C12A7 phase by X-ray diffraction. In addition, it shows an electric conductivity of about 1 S Z cm, and it can be confirmed that free oxygen ions are replaced by electrons.
- a polycrystalline thin film of the same compound as the C12A7 compound is formed by forming an amorphous film on a MgO substrate by a pulsed laser deposition method using a sintered body of the compound as a target, and then heating it to about 110 ° C in air. Obtained by holding.
- a polycrystalline thin film of C12A7 compound or the same type compound deposited on MgO substrate was heated to 600 ° C. Ar ions accelerated to about 360 kV while being held were implanted into the thin film.
- the thin film before ion implantation shows electrical insulation.
- An electrical conductivity of about 1 S / cm is obtained for a dose of 5 ⁇ 10 17 Zcm 2 .
- Rutherford backscattering spectra confirm that Ar ions are not contained in the film. Therefore, it is considered that Ar ions collided with free oxygen ions, free oxygen ions were ejected out of the film due to the knock-on effect, and electrons remained in the film to maintain electrical neutrality.
- the electrons contained in the C12A7 compound and the isomorphous compound are loosely bound in the cage and can be extracted to the outside by applying a high electric field from the outside at room temperature. That is, the C12A7 compound containing a large amount of electrons and the compound of the same type can be used as an electron-emitting material. Electron emission occurs over a wide temperature range, and a current of about 10 ⁇ A can be obtained even at room temperature. In C12A7 compounds and isomorphous compounds in which almost all free oxygen ions have been replaced by electrons, only electrons are included in the cage, and anions are hardly included.
- the C12A7 compound or isomorphic compound When the C12A7 compound or isomorphic compound is kept at a high temperature in a pure specific gas molecule, ion or radical atmosphere, the molecule, ion or radical is incorporated into the C12A7 compound or isomorphic compound and combined with an electron. It is included in the cage as a monovalent anion.
- C12A7 by holding electride C12A7 or the same compound in the above atmosphere, a C12A7 compound or the same compound capable of selectively including a specific monovalent anion at a high concentration can be produced.
- Specific gas molecules can be oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, resulting in the production of C12A7 compounds or isomorphic compounds that selectively and inclusively contain O-, H- or N- ions. .
- a C12A7 compound and an isomorphic compound that include O ions can be used as an oxidation catalyst, an O-beam generating material, and the like (see Patent Document 1).
- the C12A7 compound and the isomorphic compound that include H-ions can be applied as a material for forming a conductive pattern or H-beam generating material by irradiation with ultraviolet rays (see Patent Document 5).
- the C12A7 compound and the isomorphic compound that include N- ions are expected to be applied as a nitriding catalyst.
- a C12A7 single crystal produced by the zone melting method (FZ method) was processed into a thin plate of 0.4 mm X 4 mm X 7 mm, and both surfaces were mirror-polished (referred to as Sample 1).
- the single crystal sheet and calsi The metal piece was placed in a quartz tube and sealed in vacuum. Five of the samples were held at 700 ° C. for 4 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 40 hours, and 240 hours, respectively. , 4, 5, and 6.)
- the retention time becomes longer the C12A7 single crystal sheet is colored from yellow, green to black, the surface layer is transparent, and the surface layer is X-ray diffraction spectrum, calcium oxide, etc. The thing was confirmed.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the crystal sheet from which the calcium oxide layer had been removed maintained the crystal structure of C12A7.
- FIG. 1 shows the light absorption statues of Samples 1 to 4. As the retention time at 700 ° C increases, the intensity of the light absorption band having a peak at 2.8 eV increases. This absorption band is due to electrons bound in the cage, and an increase in absorption intensity indicates that the electron concentration increases with an increase in retention time.
- Figure 2 shows the light absorption spectra obtained from the diffuse reflection spectra of samples 5 and 6 by the Kubelka-Munk method.
- the light absorption band having a peak at 2.8 eV is increasing, indicating that the electron concentration included in the cage is further increasing.
- Fig. 3 shows the temperature change of the electric conduction of samples 1 to 6.
- the electrical conductivity at room temperature increases, indicating that the concentration of electrons included in the cage increases.
- a light diffuse reflection and electrical conductivity, in Sample 6, the number of inclusion is electronically is 2 X 1 0 21 / cm 3 , this is, that substantially all of the free oxygen ions is substituted with electrons Is shown. That is, in the calcium metal vapor, 7 0 0 ° (:, by holding 2 4 0 hours, [C a 24 A 1 28 ⁇ 64] 4+ and (4 e-)
- the described electride C12A7 compound could be made.
- the C1 2 A7 Ihigo product fine powder after molding at a uniaxial pressure of 300 kgcm 2, further by 20 00 isostatic pressing of kg / cm 2, was added forming.
- Each of the two compacts was placed in a carbon crucible with a lid, and further placed in an alumina crucible with a lid.
- the resulting solid was dense and had a dark green color, and the solid held at 1600 ° C had a higher degree of blackness than the solid held at 1550 ° C.
- the electrical conductivity of the solid held at 1550 ° C and 1600 ° C was about 5 SZcm and about 10 SZcm, respectively. From the X-ray diffraction patterns, both solids were C12A7 compound single phases, and the vertical direction of the solids was strongly oriented in the ⁇ 11> direction.
- C12A7 powder as three samples, each placed in a carbon crucible with a lid, further placed in an alumina crucible with a lid, at a heating rate of 400 ° CZ hours, up to 1480 ° C, 1550 ° C, and 1600 ° C, respectively After the temperature was raised, the temperature was maintained for one hour and cooled to room temperature at a temperature decreasing rate of 400 ° CZ hour.
- the sample kept at 1480 ° C is a transparent C12A7, It was an electrical insulator and free oxygen and electrons did not substitute. Samples kept at 1550 ° C and 1600 ° C decomposed into C3A and CA phases, and no C12A7 phase was obtained.
- the C12A7 compound thin film deposited on the MgO substrate was maintained at a temperature of 600 ° C, and Ar ions accelerated to about 360 kV were implanted into the thin film.
- the thin film before ion implantation showed electrical insulation, when the Ar ion implantation dose was 5 ⁇ 10 17 Z cm 2 , electric conductivity of about 1 SZ cm was obtained. Rutherford backscattering spectra, et al., Confirmed that Arion was not contained in the film.
- a platinum electrode was formed on the back surface of the electride C12A7 compound (sample 6) prepared in Example 1, and a copper electrode was placed on the other surface at a position 0.05 mm away from the front surface.
- An acceleration voltage was applied between both electrodes at room temperature. As shown in Fig. 4, current began to flow at an acceleration voltage of around 3 x 10 5 VZcm. That is, it was found that the electride C12A7 compound functions as an electron-emitting material at room temperature.
- the accelerating voltage at which the current starts to flow depends on the surface condition of the sample.
- the electride compound (sample 6) prepared in Example 1 was brought into direct contact with a quartz glass plate, vacuum-sealed in a quartz tube, and kept at 800 ° C for 5 minutes.
- the part of the quartz glass that is in contact with the electride was colored brown.
- the photoelectron spectrum of the colored part showed that silicon monoxide (Sio) was generated. That is, by contact with the electride, the quartz glass (Si ⁇ 2) was converted to Sio. It has been shown that the electride functions as a reducing agent at low temperatures.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
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US10/561,968 US7507289B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2004-02-12 | Electroconductive 12CaO—7Al2O3 and compound of same type, and method for preparation thereof |
JP2005510971A JP4245608B2 (ja) | 2003-06-26 | 2004-02-12 | 電気伝導性12CaO・7Al2O3化合物とその製造方法 |
EP04710529.1A EP1650164B1 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2004-02-12 | Electroconductive 12cao.7al2o3, 12sro.7al2o3 or mixture thereof and method for preparation thereof |
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JP2003183605 | 2003-06-26 | ||
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US (1) | US7507289B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1650164B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4245608B2 (ja) |
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