WO2004089474A1 - 防火防煙区画形成設備 - Google Patents
防火防煙区画形成設備 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004089474A1 WO2004089474A1 PCT/JP2004/003389 JP2004003389W WO2004089474A1 WO 2004089474 A1 WO2004089474 A1 WO 2004089474A1 JP 2004003389 W JP2004003389 W JP 2004003389W WO 2004089474 A1 WO2004089474 A1 WO 2004089474A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fire
- smoke
- head
- water
- facility
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
- A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
- A62C2/08—Water curtains
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0257—Fire curtains, blankets, walls, fences
- A62C3/0264—Fire curtains, blankets, walls, fences by creating water curtains
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fire and smoke prevention equipment installed in tunnels such as automobiles, trains, and underground facilities, and tunnel-shaped structures such as various lifeline tunnels.
- Patent Document 1 Published Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-248819.
- the present invention employs an unprecedented method of partitioning a tunnel-shaped object with a water curtain, thereby suppressing fire and suppressing the spread of smoke due to fire to enable safe evacuation.
- the purpose is to provide equipment. Disclosure of the invention
- a water curtain is formed by arranging a plurality of heads in a row on a ceiling surface and / or a side wall surface of a boundary formed at a predetermined interval on a tunnel-shaped object.
- a head row a control valve that is controlled to open and close to supply and stop pressurized water in head row units, and a head row located on both sides of the border of the fire location when a fire occurs
- a control device for opening the control valve provided to form a water curtain by jetting water from each head row.
- the head row is characterized by arranging a plurality of heads including a head for spraying water having an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more in a row.
- the equipment for forming fire and smoke compartments of the present invention forms compartments at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel-shaped object, or forms compartments at predetermined intervals in the width direction of the tunnel-shaped object.
- the water curtain formed by water jets from the row of heads at the boundary between the two sides of the fire occurrence position allows the fire airflow including smoke to be contained in the section and the ability of the water curtain to prevent smoke and the like. It has been confirmed that the effect of washing out harmful substances acts synergistically, for example, in the case of a single curtain, the amount of smoke that spreads in the tunnel is reduced to 20% or less compared to when there is no equipment. It was confirmed that the amount of smoke that spreads in the tunnel was reduced to 5% or less when the spray equipment was installed.
- the penetration of fire hot air through the water curtain improves the cooling efficiency of the water curtain, and for example, the conventional hot water flow of 700 ° C was reduced to about 350 ° C in the conventional water spray equipment.
- the hot air flow at 700 ° C. can be reduced to about 80 ° C.
- a plurality of heads are arranged in a row on a ceiling surface and / or a side wall surface of a boundary formed at regular intervals on a tunnel-shaped object, and water is injected by water injection.
- a row of heads that form the curtain a control valve that is opened and closed to supply and stop pressurized water for each row of heads, and a head that is located on both sides of the boundary of the fire in the event of a fire
- a control device for controlling the opening of control valves provided in the head row located at the outer boundary of the head row and forming a water curtain by jetting water from each head row.
- the head row arranges a plurality of heads including a head for spraying water having an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more.
- a method of forming a water curtain section vertically in the width direction of the tunnel-shaped object is, for example, a case where a train is divided into a platform side and a platform side when a train fires at a subway station, or from a platform to an underground passage. It is useful for partitioning the road, and has the great advantage that people can easily escape through the water curtain.
- a water curtain is formed at a predetermined interval in a facility for forming a fire and smoke prevention section for a tunnel, and further in an exhaust passage or an exhaust duct for exhausting the outside of the tunnel by an exhaust fan.
- Each section is provided with a flue gas opening / closing damber connected to an exhaust air duct or exhaust duct, and a smoke exhaust port connected to this smoke exhaust opening / closing damper. It has a function to open and control only the smoke exhaust opening / closing damber corresponding to the smoke exhaust port of the section.
- the equipment for forming a fire and smoke prevention section of the present invention forms sections at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel-shaped object, or forms sections at predetermined intervals in the width direction of the tunnel-shaped object.
- a water curtain is formed by water jets from the row of heads located on both sides of the fire occurrence location, and smoke is exhausted from the smoke outlet in the fire compartment in that state.
- an air supply tunnel or an air supply duct is provided for each section formed at a predetermined interval in an air supply tunnel or an air supply duct that supplies air from outside a tunnel-shaped object by an air supply fan.
- An air supply opening / closing damper connected to the air supply opening / closing damper and an air supply opening connected to the air supply opening / closing damper are provided. It has a function of performing closing control and opening control of one or more air supply opening / closing dampers corresponding to air supply ports provided in sections other than the fire occurrence section.
- a water curtain is formed by water jets from the row of heads located on both sides of the fire occurrence location, and smoke is exhausted from the smoke outlet in the fire compartment in that state.
- to supply air to selected compartments other than the fire location compartment it is possible to weaken and reduce the momentum of hot smoke trying to penetrate the water curtain, and to reduce the static pressure of the entire fire location compartment.
- the amount of smoke spreading inside the tunnel-shaped object is further reduced be able to.
- a section for selecting the opening control when there is a natural wind in the tunnel-shaped object, a section located downstream of the fire location section may be selected.
- heads having a portion where the direction of spraying water is sprayed in opposition to the fire airflow are arranged in a row. Therefore, even in the event of a fire current, the water jets facing the fire effectively wash off the smoke and ensure the strength of the water curtain against the fire current.
- the head row a plurality of heads are arranged in a row with the head radiation center direction inclined to the fire occurrence side.
- the head row shall be arranged so that the angle between the direction of the fire airflow along the ceiling surface and the direction of the center of the head radiation is 70 ° or less. This allows the shape of the water curtain to be maintained without losing the fire current even if it receives a fire current.
- the head row has a full cone type, a hollow cone type, a square type, or a flat type in a jet pattern shape from one head.
- head rows are arranged in a row by combining a head that sprays water with an average particle diameter of 50,000 microns or less and a diameter of 30 microns or more, and a head with an undefined average particle diameter. .
- the gap between heads with high smoke-proof performance which sprays water with an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more, is formed by water jetting from a head with no restriction on the average particle diameter. It is closed with a curtain to further enhance the smoke prevention effect and to reinforce the water curtain against fire currents.
- the shape of the spray pattern from the head whose average particle diameter is not specified is a full cone type, hollow cone type or flat type with an injection angle in the range of 5 ° to 120 °, or a jet angle of 2 ° Any of the following solid types or a combination thereof.
- any or all of the heads whose average particle size is not specified shall be arranged so that the direction of the injection center is inclined toward the fire occurrence side.
- the water injected from the head is a diluted aqueous solution of a surfactant or a mixture thereof.
- the water jetted from the head is a dilute aqueous solution of anionic or nonionic surfactant or amphoteric surfactant in the range of 0.001% to 0.8%.
- Head row injection rates range from 3 liters per minute to 30 liters per meter in the row direction Range.
- the control unit controls to vary from 3 liters per minute to 180 liters per minute per meter in the column direction according to the fire scale detected by the detector and the size of the target section. Control the valve. This will provide the required smoke protection depending on the size and size of the fire.
- a hanging wall of 60 cm or less is provided between them. This hanging wall blocks fire airflow through the gap between the water curtains near the base of the head, enhances the effect of water curtains to remove smoke, and suppresses heat penetration.
- a head is placed in the recess formed in the ceiling surface of the tunnel-shaped object, a double-facing door is provided at the opening of the recess, and the door that opens downward in the event of a fire functions as a hanging wall. For this reason, the head is housed in the door, preventing contamination by vehicle exhaust gas and improving the design of the interior of the tunnel.
- a fire detection device is installed for each section of the tunnel-shaped object to detect a fire.
- This fire detection device shall be an infrared fire detection device that detects infrared radiation from a fire, a semiconductor temperature detection device that detects the temperature of a fire, a temperature detection device with an optical fiber set, or a combination thereof.
- the control device determines the water discharge based on the fire signal from the fire detection device or the manual water discharge signal, and sends an open control signal to the control valve.
- the simultaneous opening valve is used for the control valve, which is a system generally used in the foam fire extinguishing system and the water spraying system for parking lots. It is also possible to use a method in which a temperature fuse type or glass valve type sensor is provided as a fire detector in the water circuit.
- the facility for forming a fire and smoke compartment of the present invention further includes a water spray facility for extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire in a tunnel-shaped object.
- the pressurized supply piping of the water spray equipment is branched and connected to the head row, and the piping system is shared to simplify the equipment configuration.
- the control device also uses the fire detection signal from the fire detection device of the water spray equipment.
- the control device When a fire occurs, the control device further controls the opening of the control valve in the row of heads near the entrance / exit of the tunnel-shaped object, injects water, and notifies an abnormal situation in the tunnel. Further, a message may be displayed by light projection on a water curtain formed by jetting water from a row of heads near the entrance / exit of the tunnel-shaped object.
- Figure 1 shows the cross section of the tunnel of Figure 1
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of formation of a water curtain in the event of a fire in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the present invention in which an exhaust system is combined with a fire / smoke / combustion compartment forming system using a water curtain;
- Figure 5 is a side view of the embodiment of Figure 4.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the present invention in which a water curtain is used to form a fire / smoke / combustion compartment and an exhaust / intake air facility;
- Figure 7 is a side view of the embodiment of Figure 6;
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a spray pattern in a water curtain head according to the present invention.
- Figure 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a head having a full cone type injection pattern in which the head radiation center direction is inclined toward the fire side;
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a head having a hollow cone type injection pattern in which a head radiation center direction is inclined toward a fire side;
- Figure 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a head having a flat injection pattern installed in two rows with the head radiation center direction inclined to the fire side;
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of an embodiment in which a head having a flat type injection pattern with no restriction on the average particle diameter is arranged in combination with a head having a full cone type injection pattern of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of an embodiment in which the head injection center direction of the full cone head and the flat head without regulation of the average particle diameter is inclined to the fire side with respect to Fig. 12;
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of an embodiment in which a head having a solid-type injection pattern, in which the average particle size is not regulated, is combined with a head having a full-cone type injection pattern in FIG. 9;
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory view of an embodiment in which a hanging wall is provided between two rows of heads
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of an embodiment in which a head is housed in a head housing recess and a hanging wall is provided.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of an embodiment in which a head is stored in a door that is opened in the event of a fire
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a fire and smoke prevention equipment according to the present invention, taking a car-only tunnel as an example.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel 1 as viewed from a plane
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel 1 as viewed from the side.
- the tunnel 1 has a two-lane road surface 5 formed in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, for example, and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 is divided into sections at regular intervals, for example, sections A, B, C, D, E, ⁇ ⁇ Segments for fire and smoke prevention are formed separately, and a plurality of water curtain heads 2 are arranged in a row on the ceiling and side walls, which are the boundaries of segments A to E.
- the water curtain head 2 looks down the road from the top of the side wall 4 to the ceiling 3 in the tunnel 1.
- a plurality of water curtain heads 2 are connected to a branch pipe 6 branched from a water supply main pipe 7 and can receive fire-fighting water.
- the branch pipe 6 to which the water curtain head 2 is connected is connected to the water supply main pipe 7 via control valves 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, and 8e.
- a pump 9 is provided for the water supply main pipe 7, and water from the water source water tank 10 is supplied to the water supply main pipe 7 by the operation of the pump 9 by the control device 11.
- the fire detectors 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, and 12 are located in sections A to E where the head row of the water curtain head 2 is located at the boundary. e is installed.
- the fire detectors 12a to l2e include infrared fire detectors that detect infrared radiation of fires in tunnels, semiconductor temperature detectors that detect the temperature of fires in tunnels, and complete sets of optical fibers.
- a detection device can be used, and a combination of these various fire detection devices may be used.
- control device 11 controls the opening of control valves provided in the head row located on each side of the section where the fire occurred, and sprays water from each head. This forms a water curtain.
- the control device 11 in the event of a fire may be started automatically based on a fire detection signal from the fire detection device 12 a to l 2 e or a manual start device installed at the fire site.
- Start-up control by a start-up signal from the controller may be used.
- Water tunnels are usually installed in automobile-only tunnels to suppress and extinguish fires that occur in the tunnel.
- a water spray head 13 is installed in each of the sections A to E in Fig. 1, and the water supply main line from the pump 9 is branched and connected to the water spray head 13 (Not shown). Therefore, the present invention
- the branch pipe 6 provided with a water curtain head 2 for fire and smoke protection can also be used as a shared facility connected to the water supply main pipe of the water spray equipment. For this reason, the control device 11 performs the water spray from the water spray head 13 of the water spray equipment simultaneously with the water spray from the water curtain head 2 of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of water curtain formation and water spray operation when fire 14 occurs in section C of tunnel 1.
- the control device 11 opened the control valve 8 C 8 d connecting the two head row branch pipes 6 provided on both sides of the section C.
- water curtains 18c and 18d are formed on both sides of section C where fire 14 occurred.
- the control device 11 further controls the control valve 8 that connects the branch pipes 6 of the two head rows provided on the boundary between the sections A and E outside the section C where the fire 14 occurred.
- Open control of b, 8e is performed, and water curtains 18b, 18e are formed outside the water curtains 18c, 18d.
- a variable flow rate type can be used as the control valves 8 a to 8 e provided in the branch pipe 6 of the head row at the section boundary.
- the injection amount can be adjusted in the range of 3 liters per minute to 180 liters per meter.
- the ability to control the amount of injection from the head that forms such a water curtain allows the control device 11 to control the control valve 8 in accordance with the size of the area where the fire is occurring and the scale of the fire.
- the injection amount can be adjusted by controlling the opening degree of a to 8e. For example, when a fire 14 occurs in section C as shown in Fig. 3, the maximum opening of control valves 8c and 8d in the head row at the boundary of section C is set to 180 degrees per minute per meter in the row direction.
- the maximum injection rate is 1 liter, while the control valves 8b and 8e in the outer head row have a minimum injection rate of 3 liters per minute per meter in the row direction.
- a water curtain is formed by injecting water by controlling the opening of the tunnel.For example, if section A is the entrance to the tunnel, a car trying to enter the tunnel may be injecting water to notify an abnormal situation in the tunnel. it can. Also, when a water curtain is formed by jetting water from a row of heads near the entrance to the tunnel, a message “fire has occurred” can be displayed on this water curtain due to light drive using a projector.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are explanatory views of another embodiment of the present invention in which the equipment for forming a fire and smoke barrier for a tunnel forming the water curtain of FIGS. 1 to 3 is further combined with an exhaust system.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel 1 viewed from the side.
- sections A, B, C, D, E formed at predetermined intervals in the tunnel 1 are provided in an exhaust tunnel (or exhaust duct) 41 for exhausting the outside of the tunnel by an exhaust fan 40.
- the control device 11 has a function of opening and controlling only the smoke exhaust opening / closing damper 42 corresponding to the smoke outlet 43 of the section C at the fire occurrence position when a fire 14 occurs.
- the water curtain 18 c is formed by spraying water from the head row of the water curtain head 2 located at least on the boundary between the sections B and D on both sides of the fire section 14 where the fire 14 occurs.
- 18 d is formed.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are explanatory views of another embodiment of the present invention in which a fire and smoke prevention compartment forming facility for a tunnel forming the water curtain shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is further combined with an exhaust air supply facility.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel 1 as viewed from the plane
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel 1 as viewed from the side.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are explanatory views of another embodiment of the present invention in which a fire and smoke prevention compartment forming facility for a tunnel forming the water curtain shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is further combined with an exhaust air supply facility.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel 1 as viewed from the plane
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel 1 as viewed from the side.
- an air supply fan (50) supplies air from outside the tunnel to an air supply tunnel (or air supply duct) 51, and a tunnel 1 Connected to the air supply opening / closing damper 52 and the air supply opening / closing damper 52 connected to the air supply cavity (or air supply duct) 51 for each of the sections A, B, C, D, E formed at predetermined intervals
- An air supply system with an air supply port 53 is provided.
- the controller 11 further closes the air supply opening / closing damper 52 corresponding to the air supply port 53 of the fire section C where the fire 14 occurs when the fire 14 occurs, and the section C at the fire occurrence position It has a function to control the opening of one or more air supply opening / closing dampers of the air supply opening / closing dampers 52 corresponding to the air supply ports 53 provided in the sections A, B, D, E,.
- the rest of the configuration is the same as in Fig. 4.
- the water curtain 18 c is formed by spraying water from the head row of the water curtain head 2 located at least on the boundary between the compartments B and D on both sides of the fire compartment 14 where the fire 14 occurs.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a spray pattern in the water curtain head of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 (A) shows the spray pattern 15 of the water curtain head 2 in a plan view, and small water particles are sprayed radially around the water curtain head 2 as shown by the arrows. Is done.
- the average particle diameter of the water jetted from the water curtain head 2 of the present invention is set to be 500 ⁇ m or less and 30 ⁇ m or more, whereby the smoke particles due to the fire and the water particles collide with each other. The removal effect of washing out smoke particles is enhanced, and the distribution density by spraying water particles is increased.
- FIG. 8B shows the spray pattern 15 of the water curtain head 2 of the present invention from the side.
- the radiation direction 16 that radiates against the fire airflow 17 from the fire 14 on the left side is located near the ceiling surface 3 where the head 2 is installed. The radiation direction 16 has the effect of overcoming the fire airflow 17 and forming a water curtain for washing out smoke particles.
- the heat penetration of the water curtains 18c and 18d of the hot air flow due to the fire 14 improves the cooling effect by forming a water curtain by spraying water with an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more, It was confirmed that the hot air flow at 700 ° C can be significantly reduced to about 800 ° C.
- the water spray head 13 is sprayed on the fire 14 to extinguish the fire, the smoke is agitated and tries to spread in the tunnel, but the diffusion of such smoke is caused by the water curtain 18c, 1
- the spread of smoke is suppressed by 8d, and the spread of smoke can be suppressed in the section C where the fire 14 occurred by the water curtains 18c and 18d.
- the water curtains 18b and 18e are simultaneously displayed on the outer sections B and D.
- Smoke leaking from section C where fire 14 occurred through water curtains 18c and 18d is suppressed by water curtains 18b and 18e on the outside and enters the tunnel.
- the outer water curtains 18b, 18e The amount of smoke escaping from the room can be significantly reduced to 4 percent of the amount of smoke initially.
- the water jetted from the water curtain head 2 while being supplied under pressure by the pump 9 from the water source water tank 10 shown in Fig. 1 should be a diluted aqueous solution of a surfactant or a mixture thereof. Is desirable.
- a surfactant or a mixture thereof is used as the water jetted from the water curtain head 2, and from 0.1% to 0.8 of these surfactants. Use dilute aqueous solutions in the percent range.
- the anionic surfactant used in the diluted aqueous solution of the present invention includes polyoxyethylene lauryl sulfate soda salt.
- nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylenoctylphenol ether, sorbidan fatty acid ester, and sucrose fatty acid ester can be used. Further, imidazoline betaine can be used as an amphibious surfactant.
- smoke particles can be sprayed in a state of being sprayed with an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more. This enhances the surface area in the event of a collision and enhances the effect of removing smoke.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a water curtain head having a full cone type spray panel installed with the head radiation center direction inclined to the fire side.
- Fig. 9 (A) shows the radiation pattern of the full cone head 2a arranged in the column direction in the tunnel on the road surface, as shown in Fig. 9 (B).
- the center of radiation 20 is inclined to the fire 14 side.
- the fire airflow 17 from the fire 14 comes to the full cone head 2a along the ceiling surface 3 and thus the fire airflow 17 to the full cone head 2a.
- the direction is fire airflow direction 18 which is horizontal along ceiling surface 3.
- a water curtain panel with a full cone pattern 15 a can be formed without losing the fire current, and a plurality of head rows as shown in Fig. 7 (A).
- the strength of the water curtain formed by arranging the full-cone patterns 15a continuously in the fire current is ensured.
- Fig. 10 shows the same pattern as in Fig. 9 in the case where the head radiation center direction is inclined toward the fire side.
- the hollow cone that forms a water curtain by spraying a hollow cone pattern with a hollow inside as a spray pattern.
- this hollow cone pattern 15b for example, if the spraying area is the same as the full cone pattern 15a in FIG.
- the density of the water curtain in the ejection of particles having an average particle diameter arc increases, the effect of washing out the smoke particles received by the fire airflow 17 increases, the amount of smoke leaking to the outside decreases, and the heat Penetration can be further reduced.
- Fig. 11 is an explanatory view of a head having a flat type spray pattern in which the head radiation center direction is inclined toward the fire side and arranged in two rows.
- flat heads 2c having flat injection patterns in which the injection pattern on the road surface is almost rectangular are arranged in two rows, and The head is radiated toward the fire side with the head radiation center inclined, and a flat pattern 15c on the fire side is formed on the road surface. That is, as shown in Fig. 11 (B), two flat heads 2c are arranged at the boundary position of the area of the ceiling surface 3 with the right head row in the right direction and the left head row in the left direction.
- the head radiation center direction 20 of the flat head 2c is inclined.
- the flat pattern 15c will not A water curtain can be formed without losing.
- the thickness of the flat pattern 15c viewed from the lateral direction is small as shown in Fig. 11 (B). The smoke is effectively prevented from burning out.
- two rows of flat heads 2c respond to the occurrence of fire 14 on the left, and the water curtain without losing to the fire current 17 due to the inclination of the flat pattern 15c on the left flat head 2c.
- the flat pattern 15c on the right side has the bidirectionality to secure the water curtain against the fire in the right section without losing the hot air flow.
- Fig. 12 shows a head with a directional spray pattern that sprays water with an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more. It is an explanatory view of an embodiment arranged in combination.
- Fig. 12 (A) when the full cone head 2a that forms the same full cone pattern 15a as in Figs. In both cases, a flat head 21 in which the average particle diameter is not defined is arranged between them to form a flat pattern 22.
- Fig. 12 shows a head with a directional spray pattern that sprays water with an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more.
- the head center emission direction is directed perpendicular to the road surface.
- the average particle diameter is not specified between the full cone head 2a which forms the full cone pattern 15a by spraying water having an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more.
- Heads for which the average particle size is not specified include heads for full cones and hollow cones for which the average particle size is not specified, other than flat heads. May be combined.
- Fig. 13 shows that the flat head 21 with an undefined average particle size in the embodiment of Fig. 12 is also tilted toward the fire 14 and oriented in the same direction as the full-con head 2a. It is explanatory drawing which was installed.
- the flat pattern 21 is located approximately at the center of the connecting part of the full cone pattern 15a as shown in Fig. 12 ( ⁇ )
- the effect of reinforcing the gaps in the formation of the water curtain by arranging the full pattern 15a can be further enhanced.
- FIG. 14 is an explanation of an embodiment in which a water curtain head having a full-con injection pattern shown in Fig. 9 is combined with a head having a solid injection pattern with no defined average particle diameter.
- FIG. 14 (A) between the full cone head 2a which sprays water having an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more, for example, four solids
- the solid head 23 for which the average particle diameter for spraying the pattern 24 is not specified is arranged.
- Each of the solid heads 23 is jetted at an angle of 2 ° or less, and a rod-shaped solid pattern 24 is jetted as shown in the figure. Also, as shown in Fig.
- the fire is installed at an angle to the 14 side.
- the solid head 23 with an undefined average particle diameter is placed between the full cone head 2a that sprays water having an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more, and the full cone
- the water pattern formed by the full cone pattern 15a and the solid pattern 24 is placed in the fire flow direction 18
- a strong water curtain can be used to suppress heat penetration and enhance the effect of removing smoke by washing.
- the solid head 23 may be combined with the hollow cone head 2b in FIG. 10 or the flat head 2c in FIG.
- FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which a hanging wall is provided between two rows of water curtain heads.
- the water curtain heads 2 are arranged in two rows at the boundary positions of the sections, and a predetermined height H from the ceiling surface 3 between the water curtain heads 2 in each row.
- the hanging wall 25 is formed.
- the piping at the top of the water curtain head 2 is a gap where no water curtain pattern is formed, but the fire airflow 17 through this gap is also blocked by the hanging wall 25 and the injection pattern The effect of forming a water curtain by 15 is enhanced.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of an embodiment of the present invention in which a head is stored in a head storage recess on a ceiling surface and a droop is provided.
- a head storage section 26 is formed at the center of the section boundary of the ceiling surface 3 via a hanging wall 25 at the center, and the water curtain head 2 is placed in the head storage section 26. And are installed at an angle to the fire side in each section.
- the injection source of the spray pattern of the water curtain head 2 is located in the head storage section 26, and is not directly subjected to the fire airflow 17 due to a fire.
- the hanging wall 25 is housed in the head storage section 26 so that the height of the hanging surface 25 is the same as the height of the ceiling surface 3.
- a hanging wall having a height H from the ceiling surface 3 of 60 cm or less may be used.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of an embodiment of the present invention in which a water curtain head is housed in a door that is opened in the event of a fire.
- the water curtain head 2 is placed inside the head storage section 26 formed on the ceiling surface 3 as shown in FIG.
- Doors 27a and 27b are provided at the opening of the door 27 and open downward from the hinge 28 as a center.
- the door 27a has a latch receiver 29 inside, while a latch solenoid 30 is provided inside the door 27b.
- the latch solenoid 30 operates by energization from the control device 11 in FIG. 1 and comes out of the latch receiver 29, and opens the doors 27a and 27b by its own weight as shown in FIG. 17 (B).
- the present invention is also applicable to a tunnel-like structural portion such as a tunnel for a train, an underground facility, and a tunnel for various lifelines. Can be.
- the present invention can be applied as it is even in a building if the internal space has a vertically long plane shape.
- the method of forming the water curtain section in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel-shaped object is taken as an example.
- the water curtain section is formed vertically in the width direction of the tunnel-shaped object. You may do it.
- a water curtain section is formed vertically at the subway station to divide the train from the platform side in the event of a train fire, or the section from the platform to the underground passage.
- the head which is installed with the head radiation center direction inclined to the fire side two rows of heads inclined toward each section are arranged at the section boundary, or the head is arranged. May be switched depending on the road of the head mounting pipe.
- relatively small water particles having an average particle diameter of 500 ⁇ m or less and 30 ⁇ m or more are jetted from heads arranged in a column direction at the section boundaries in the tunnel-shaped object to form a water curtain.
- the ability to confine the fire air stream containing smoke in the compartment and the effect of washing out harmful substances such as smoke by the water curtain act synergistically.
- the amount of smoke that spreads is reduced to 20% or less compared to when there is no equipment.
- water spray equipment when water spray equipment is installed, the amount of smoke that spreads in tunnel-shaped objects should be reduced to 5% or less. Has been confirmed.
- the water penetration of the fire air stream by the water curtain is 700 ° due to the improvement of the cooling effect by the formation of the water curtain by spraying water with an average particle diameter of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more.
- the hot air flow of C was reduced to about 350 ° C, but according to the present invention, the hot airflow of 700 ° C could be reduced to about 80 ° C, and sufficient heat penetration was cut off. The effect can be secured.
- an exhaust port or an exhaust port and an intake port shall be provided and exhausted from the section where the fire occurred at the time of radiating the water curtain.
- the smoke removal of each water curtain is 80%. If the smoke caused by fire is 100%, the water curtain inside removes 80% and burns out 20%, but the next water curtain removes that 80%. As a result, the amount of smoke leaking from the outer water curtain is reduced to 4% of the original smoke, and the multiplexing of the water curtain formation can dramatically increase the smoke-prevention ability.
- a water curtain with an average particle size of 500 microns or less and 30 microns or more is formed by combining a head jet pattern with an undefined average particle size. It is possible to prevent the flooded water curtain from being washed away by the fire current.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003101077 | 2003-04-04 | ||
JP2003-101077 | 2003-04-04 | ||
JP2004-006545 | 2004-01-14 | ||
JP2004006545A JP4360536B2 (ja) | 2003-04-04 | 2004-01-14 | 防火防煙区画形成設備 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004089474A1 true WO2004089474A1 (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
Family
ID=33161503
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2004/003389 WO2004089474A1 (ja) | 2003-04-04 | 2004-03-15 | 防火防煙区画形成設備 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4360536B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060024357A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI259097B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004089474A1 (ja) |
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- 2004-03-15 WO PCT/JP2004/003389 patent/WO2004089474A1/ja active Application Filing
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JP2007152140A (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2007-06-21 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd | トンネル水噴霧散水設備 |
JP2007203103A (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2007-08-16 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd | トンネル水噴霧散水設備 |
CN108187283A (zh) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-06-22 | 公安部四川消防研究所 | 一种组合式消防水幕喷头及由其组成的隧道防火分隔系统 |
EP3912689A1 (de) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-24 | Calanbau Brandschutzanlagen GmbH | Feuerlöschanlage und verfahren zum kontrollieren eines feuers |
CN112494871A (zh) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-16 | 山东高速工程检测有限公司 | 一种公路隧道智能消防系统 |
CN113221205A (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-08-06 | 同济大学 | 一种建筑自动划分防烟分区的方法 |
CN113221205B (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-04-19 | 同济大学 | 一种建筑自动划分防烟分区的方法 |
CN113171568A (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-27 | 安徽中益新材料科技有限公司 | 一种隧道用消防净化一体化智能管控系统 |
CN113513353A (zh) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-19 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | 纵向接力式隧道超长安全通道防烟疏散方法及系统 |
CN115400378A (zh) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-29 | 北京中山消防保安技术有限公司 | 一种楼宇智能消防灭火系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI259097B (en) | 2006-08-01 |
TW200425929A (en) | 2004-12-01 |
JP2004313753A (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
KR20060024357A (ko) | 2006-03-16 |
JP4360536B2 (ja) | 2009-11-11 |
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