WO2004035874A1 - 特定骨格を有する四級アミン化合物及び有機硫黄化合物を添加剤として含む銅電解液並びにそれにより製造される電解銅箔 - Google Patents
特定骨格を有する四級アミン化合物及び有機硫黄化合物を添加剤として含む銅電解液並びにそれにより製造される電解銅箔 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004035874A1 WO2004035874A1 PCT/JP2003/010552 JP0310552W WO2004035874A1 WO 2004035874 A1 WO2004035874 A1 WO 2004035874A1 JP 0310552 W JP0310552 W JP 0310552W WO 2004035874 A1 WO2004035874 A1 WO 2004035874A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- compound
- amine compound
- copper foil
- copper
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31681—Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copper electrolyte containing a quaternary amine compound having a specific skeleton and an organic sulfur compound as an additive, and an electrolytic copper foil produced therefrom.
- the present invention relates to a copper electrolytic solution used for producing an electrolytic copper foil, and particularly to a copper electrolytic solution which can be formed into a fine pattern and which is excellent in elongation and tensile strength at ordinary and high temperatures.
- a rotating metal cathode drum having a polished surface and an insoluble metal anode (anode) surrounding the periphery of the cathode drum, which is arranged at a position substantially lower half of the cathode drum, are used.
- a copper electrolytic solution is caused to flow between the cathode drum and the anode, and an electric potential is applied between the cathode drum and the anode to deposit copper on the cathode drum.
- the copper is peeled off to produce copper foil continuously.
- the copper foil obtained in this way is generally used as raw foil, and is then used for printed wiring boards after some surface treatment.
- Fig. 4 shows an outline of a conventional copper foil production system.
- a cathode drum is installed in an electrolytic cell containing an electrolytic solution.
- the cathode drum 1 rotates in a state where it is partially (substantially lower half) immersed in the electrolytic solution.
- An insoluble anode (anode) 2 is provided so as to surround the lower half of the outer periphery of the cathode drum 1. There is a fixed gap 3 between the cathode drum 1 and the anode 2, and the electrolyte flows between the gaps.
- the device shown in Fig. 4 has two anode plates.
- the electrolytic solution is supplied from below, and the electrolytic solution passes through the gap 3 between the cathode drum 1 and the anode 2 and overflows from the upper edge of the anode 2. Is configured to circulate.
- a predetermined voltage can be maintained between the cathode drum 1 and the anode 2 via a rectifier through the rectifier.
- the thickness of the copper electrodeposited from the electrolytic solution increases, and when the thickness exceeds a certain value, the raw foil 4 is peeled off and continuously wound up.
- the thickness of the raw foil manufactured in this manner can be adjusted by the distance between the cathode drum 1 and the anode 2, the flow rate of the supplied electrolytic solution, or the amount of supplied electricity.
- the surface in contact with the cathode drum is a mirror surface, but the opposite surface is a rough surface having irregularities. In ordinary electrolysis, this rough surface has severe irregularities, which tends to cause undercuts during etching, making it difficult to form a fine pattern.
- the present invention makes it possible to obtain a low-profile electrolytic copper foil having a small surface roughness on the rough side (opposite to the glossy side) in the production of an electrolytic copper foil using a cathode drum, and in particular, it is possible to obtain a fine pattern.
- Electrolytic copper foil with excellent elongation and tensile strength at normal and high temperatures The task is to obtain
- the present inventors have obtained an electrolytic copper foil which is capable of forming a fine pattern and which is excellent in elongation and tensile strength at room temperature and high temperature by adding an optimum additive capable of low profile formation to an electrolytic solution. I got the knowledge that I can do it.
- the present inventors flow a copper electrolyte between the cathode drum and the anode to electrodeposit copper on the cathode drum, and peel off the electrodeposited copper foil from the cathode drum to continuously
- a fine pattern can be formed by performing electrolysis using a copper electrolyte containing a quaternary amine compound having a specific skeleton and an organic sulfur compound.
- the present inventors have found that an electrolytic copper foil excellent in elongation and tensile strength at ordinary temperature and high temperature can be obtained, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention has the following configurations.
- a specific skeleton represented by the following general formula (1) obtained by adding a compound having one or more epoxy groups in one molecule to an amine compound and then quaternizing nitrogen.
- a copper electrolyte comprising a quaternary amine compound having the formula: and an organic sulfur compound as additives.
- 1 ⁇ and 1 2 are those Bareru selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl group, an ether group, an aromatic group, an aromatic-substituted alkyl group, unsaturated hydrocarbon group and an alkyl group, R 3 Habe Njiru group, Ariru group, or an alkyl group, a and the E port carboxymethyl compound residue, - is CI-, B r-, or CH 3 S_ ⁇ 4, n is an integer of greater than or equal to 1. Represents.
- R 2 are selected from a group consisting of a hydroxyalkyl group, an ether group, an aromatic group, an aromatic substituted alkyl group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, and an alkyl group.
- R 3 represents a benzyl group, an aryl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and represents X iC l—, Br—, or CH 3 SO 4 —.
- R 4 -SR 3 -SO 3 Z 2 (1 1) (In the general formulas (10) and (11), RR and R 3 are an anoalkylene group having 8 carbon atoms, and R 4 is hydrogen,
- X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, an alkali metal base of sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid or an ammonium base, and Y is sulfur Or any of phosphorus, and any of hydrogen, sodium, and potassium, and n is 2 or 3.
- the above-mentioned general formula obtained by subjecting an electrolyte solution to an addition reaction of a compound having one or more epoxy groups in one molecule with an amine compound and then quaternizing nitrogen. It is important to include a quaternary amine compound having a specific skeleton represented by (1) and an organic sulfur compound. The object of the present invention cannot be achieved by adding only one of them.
- the quaternary amine compound (1) having a specific skeleton can be obtained by synthesizing an amine compound having a specific skeleton by an addition reaction represented by the following reaction formula, and then quaternizing nitrogen. That is, a compound having one or more epoxy groups in one molecule and an amine compound are mixed and reacted at 50 to 150 ° C. for about 30 minutes to 6 hours to synthesize an amine compound having a specific skeleton. Then, a quaternary drier is added thereto, and the mixture is reacted at 50 to 150 for about 30 minutes to 6 hours to quaternize nitrogen.
- R 2 are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl groups, ether groups, aromatic groups, aromatic substituted alkyl groups, unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, and alkyl groups, and A is an epoxy compound And n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- R 2 in the structure of the amine compound having a specific skeleton include a hydroxyxetyl group, a hydroxyisopropyl group (and a hydroxyalkyl group).
- Examples of the quaternizing agent used for quaternizing nitrogen include alkyl halides, benzyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, and aryl bromide.
- R 3 and — It is determined by the quaternizing agent.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable. More preferably, it is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- quaternary amine compound having a specific skeleton a compound having a linear ether bond at the epoxy compound residue A is preferable, and the quaternary amine compound having the epoxy compound residue A having a linear ether bond is preferable.
- Compounds represented by the following general formulas (2) to (9) are preferred. These compounds are polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, for example, compounds having one or more epoxy groups in one molecule of the raw material.
- the epoxy compound residue A in the general formulas (2) to (9) is as follows.
- R 2 are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl groups, ether groups, aromatic groups, aromatic-substituted alkyl groups, unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, and alkyl groups.
- R 3 represents a benzyl group, an aryl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, A represents an epoxy compound residue, — represents Cl—, Br—, or CH 3 Represents so.
- organic sulfur compound is preferably a compound having the structural formula of the above general formula (10) or (11).
- Examples of the organic sulfur conjugate represented by the general formula (10) include the following, and are preferably used.
- examples of the organic sulfur compound represented by the general formula (11) include the following, and are preferably used.
- the ratio of the quaternary amine compound to the organic sulfur conjugate in the H 2 NCS—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —S 0 3 H copper electrolyte is preferably 1: 5 to 5: 1 by weight, more preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1.
- the concentration of the quaternary amine compound in the copper electrolyte is preferably 1 to 50 ppm.
- a quaternary amine compound having the above specific skeleton and an organic sulfur compound in the copper electrolyte, a quaternary amine compound having the above specific skeleton and an organic sulfur compound
- known additives such as polyether compounds such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, phenazine dye, glue and cellulose may be added.
- the copper-clad laminate obtained by laminating the electrolytic copper foil of the present invention is a copper-clad laminate excellent in elongation and tensile strength at ordinary temperature and high temperature.
- FIG. 1 is an FT-IR spectrum of a compound obtained in a synthesis example of a quaternary amine compound having a specific structure.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum of a compound obtained in a synthesis example of a quaternary amine compound having a specific structure.
- FIG. 3 is a 13 C-NMR spectrum of a compound obtained in a synthesis example of a quaternary amine compound having a specific structure.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for producing an electrolytic copper foil. Explanation of reference numerals
- An epoxy compound represented by the following chemical formula (Denacol EX-521 manufactured by Nagase Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 10.0 g (epoxy group 0.0544 mol) and 61.2 g (0.544 mol 1) of a 40% aqueous solution of dimethylamine were added.
- the mixture was charged into a three-necked flask, and the reaction was performed at 60 ° C. for 3 hours using a cooling tube using dry ice-methanol as a cooling medium. After that, remove the cooling pipe and blow in nitrogen gas to remove excess dimethylamine. Removed. Thereafter, 6.88 g (0.0544 mol) of benzyl chloride was added, and the mixture was reacted at 100 ° C. for 3 hours to quaternize.
- the compound obtained by the reaction was identified by FT-IR, ⁇ -MR, and 13 C-NMR.
- FT-IR of the compound obtained, 1 H. / Shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 _ NMR, 13 C-NMR spectrum.
- the obtained compound was a quaternary amine compound represented by the following chemical formula.
- a quaternary amine was produced in the same manner as in the above quaternary amine except that the dimethylamine used in synthesizing the amine compound was changed to dibenzylamine, bis (2-ethoxyxethynoleamine), diethananolamine, diphenylamine, and diarylamine, respectively.
- dimethylamine used in synthesizing the amine compound was changed to dibenzylamine, bis (2-ethoxyxethynoleamine), diethananolamine, diphenylamine, and diarylamine, respectively.
- a quaternary amine compound was obtained.
- an electrolytic copper foil of 35 / im was manufactured.
- the composition of the electrolyte is as follows, and the amount of the additive is as shown in Table 1.
- the surface roughness Rz (m) of the obtained electro-deposited copper foil according to JISB0601, room temperature elongation (%), room temperature tensile strength (kgf / mm 2 ), high temperature elongation (%), high temperature tensile strength (kgf / mm 2 ) was measured according to IPC-TM650. Table 1 shows the results.
- the surface roughness Rz was 0.94 to 1. 23 ⁇ m, room temperature elongation 6.7-9.2%, room temperature tensile strength 30.5-37.2 kgf / mm 2 , high-temperature elongation 11.9-18. 2%, high temperature tensile strength 19.9-23.4 kg ⁇ Zmm 2
- room temperature elongation, room temperature tensile strength, high temperature elongation, and high temperature tensile strength showed excellent properties equivalent to Comparative Example 1 in which no additive was added. I have.
- the copper electrolytic solution to which the quaternary amine compound having the specific structure and the organic sulfur compound of the present invention are added is extremely effective for making the roughened surface of the electrolytic copper foil obtained by using the electrolytic solution low profile.
- the above-mentioned co-addition is important, and the above-mentioned properties can be obtained only by this.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020037017307A KR100589901B1 (ko) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-08-20 | 특정골격을 갖는 4급아민화합물 및 유기유황화합물을 첨가제로서 포함하는 동전해액,그것에 의하여 제조되는 전해동박 및 동장적층판 |
ES03788699T ES2450042T3 (es) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-08-20 | Disolución electrolítica de cobre que contiene compuesto de amina cuaternaria con esqueleto específico y compuesto de organo-azufre como aditivos, y lámina de cobre electrolítica fabricada usando la misma |
US10/480,710 US7144491B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-08-20 | Copper electrolytic solution containing organic sulfur compound and quaternary amine compound of specified skeleton as additives and electrolytic copper foil produced therewith |
EP20030788699 EP1568802B8 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-08-20 | Copper electrolytic solution containing organic sulfur compound and quaternary amine compound of specified skeleton as additives and electrolytic copper foil produced therewith |
HK05101030A HK1068655A1 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2005-02-07 | Copper electrolytic solution containing quaternaryamine compound with specific skeleton and organo- sulfur compound as additives, and electrolytic copper foil manufactured using the same |
US11/586,906 US7771835B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2006-10-26 | Copper electrolytic solution containing quaternary amine compound with specific skeleton and oragno-sulfur compound as additives, and electrolytic copper foil manufactured using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002305650A JP4115240B2 (ja) | 2002-10-21 | 2002-10-21 | 特定骨格を有する四級アミン化合物及び有機硫黄化合物を添加剤として含む銅電解液並びにそれにより製造される電解銅箔 |
JP2002-305650 | 2002-10-21 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/480,710 A-371-Of-International US7144491B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-08-20 | Copper electrolytic solution containing organic sulfur compound and quaternary amine compound of specified skeleton as additives and electrolytic copper foil produced therewith |
US11/586,906 Continuation-In-Part US7771835B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2006-10-26 | Copper electrolytic solution containing quaternary amine compound with specific skeleton and oragno-sulfur compound as additives, and electrolytic copper foil manufactured using the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004035874A1 true WO2004035874A1 (ja) | 2004-04-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2003/010552 WO2004035874A1 (ja) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-08-20 | 特定骨格を有する四級アミン化合物及び有機硫黄化合物を添加剤として含む銅電解液並びにそれにより製造される電解銅箔 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7144491B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1568802B8 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4115240B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100589901B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1321225C (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2450042T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1068655A1 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY139358A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI250224B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004035874A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (19)
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JP4115240B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-21 | 2008-07-09 | 日鉱金属株式会社 | 特定骨格を有する四級アミン化合物及び有機硫黄化合物を添加剤として含む銅電解液並びにそれにより製造される電解銅箔 |
KR100389061B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-14 | 2003-06-25 | 일진소재산업주식회사 | 전해 동박 제조용 전해액 및 이를 이용한 전해 동박 제조방법 |
US20050126919A1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2005-06-16 | Makoto Kubota | Plating method, plating apparatus and a method of forming fine circuit wiring |
TW200613586A (en) * | 2004-07-22 | 2006-05-01 | Rohm & Haas Elect Mat | Leveler compounds |
WO2006080148A1 (ja) | 2005-01-25 | 2006-08-03 | Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd. | 特定骨格を有する化合物を添加剤として含む銅電解液並びにそれにより製造される電解銅箔 |
EP1741804B1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2016-04-27 | Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials, L.L.C. | Electrolytic copper plating method |
JP2007146289A (ja) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-06-14 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 電解銅箔の製造方法、該製造方法で得られる電解銅箔、該電解銅箔を用いて得られる表面処理銅箔及び該電解銅箔又は該表面処理銅箔を用いて得られる銅張積層板 |
JP4954686B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-29 | 2012-06-20 | 福田金属箔粉工業株式会社 | 電解銅箔とその製造方法 |
US20080142249A1 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Selective surface roughness for high speed signaling |
KR101135332B1 (ko) * | 2007-03-15 | 2012-04-17 | 닛코킨조쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 구리전해액 및 그것을 이용하여 얻어진 2층 플렉시블 기판 |
JP2008266722A (ja) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-11-06 | Ebara Udylite Kk | パルス銅めっき浴用添加剤およびこれを用いたパルス銅めっき浴 |
CN101978100B (zh) * | 2008-03-17 | 2012-07-11 | Jx日矿日石金属株式会社 | 用于制造电解铜箔的电解液 |
WO2011135673A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-03 | 荏原ユージライト株式会社 | 新規化合物およびその用途 |
JP5724068B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-30 | 2015-05-27 | 株式会社Jcu | 新規化合物およびその利用 |
JP5595320B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2014-09-24 | Jx日鉱日石金属株式会社 | 銅電解液 |
JP6640567B2 (ja) | 2015-01-16 | 2020-02-05 | Jx金属株式会社 | キャリア付銅箔、積層体、プリント配線板、電子機器の製造方法及びプリント配線板の製造方法 |
JP7208913B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-28 | 2023-01-19 | 株式会社Jcu | 硫酸銅めっき液およびこれを用いた硫酸銅めっき方法 |
CN112111761B (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2021-09-21 | 浙江大学 | 一种高延伸率电解铜箔的电解液及其应用 |
LU500134B1 (en) | 2021-05-07 | 2022-11-08 | Circuit Foil Luxembourg | Method for producing an electrodeposited copper foil and copper foil obtained therewith |
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2002
- 2002-10-21 JP JP2002305650A patent/JP4115240B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-08-20 KR KR1020037017307A patent/KR100589901B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-08-20 CN CNB038006057A patent/CN1321225C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-20 EP EP20030788699 patent/EP1568802B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-20 US US10/480,710 patent/US7144491B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-20 WO PCT/JP2003/010552 patent/WO2004035874A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-08-20 ES ES03788699T patent/ES2450042T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-15 MY MYPI20033930A patent/MY139358A/en unknown
- 2003-10-16 TW TW92128685A patent/TWI250224B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-02-07 HK HK05101030A patent/HK1068655A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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2006
- 2006-10-26 US US11/586,906 patent/US7771835B2/en active Active
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JP2002508452A (ja) * | 1997-12-17 | 2002-03-19 | アトーテヒ ドイッチュラント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 水性めっき浴並びに銅皮膜を電解析出するための方法 |
EP1069211A2 (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-17 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Electroplating solutions |
EP1219729A1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-07-03 | Shipley Co. L.L.C. | Electrolytic copper plating solution and method for controlling the same |
EP1264918A1 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-11 | Shipley Co. L.L.C. | Electrolytic copper plating method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1568802B1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
KR100589901B1 (ko) | 2006-06-14 |
EP1568802B8 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
TW200408726A (en) | 2004-06-01 |
EP1568802A4 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
US20050173256A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
HK1068655A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 |
MY139358A (en) | 2009-09-30 |
CN1564880A (zh) | 2005-01-12 |
US7144491B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
ES2450042T3 (es) | 2014-03-21 |
EP1568802A1 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
US20070042201A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
CN1321225C (zh) | 2007-06-13 |
KR20040058010A (ko) | 2004-07-02 |
TWI250224B (en) | 2006-03-01 |
JP2004137588A (ja) | 2004-05-13 |
JP4115240B2 (ja) | 2008-07-09 |
US7771835B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
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