Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
  • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
  • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
  • A62C2/10—Fire-proof curtains
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
  • A62C3/0257—Fire curtains, blankets, walls, fences

Definitions

• the invention relates to a safety device for fires in tunnels.
• the object of the invention is to provide a simply constructed safety device in order to prevent the catastrophic consequences of tunnel fires.
• a curtain is provided in the tunnel at a distance of, for example, 50 m to 200 m, which can be closed in the event of a fire. This closes the tunnel section if a fire has been detected by the fire sensor in this section.
• the curtain is made of a non-combustible material, for example a fabric made of fibers made of inorganic material.
• the safety device according to the invention is thus characterized by its simplicity.
• the fire sensor can be a smoke detector and / or a heat sensor.
• the curtains are moved across the traffic route, i.e. across roadways in the case of road tunnels or across the tracks in the case of a railway or funicular tunnel, i.e. pulled or pushed.
• the curtains can be hung from the tunnel wall in the contracted, that is to say folded, state, for example in a z. B. milled joint in the tunnel wall or the like. Recess.
• the recess or other space in which the contracted curtains are located can be closed by flaps to protect the curtains from dirt.
• Each curtain can consist of several parts, in particular two parts or halves which are folded together, that is, for. B. contracted state are arranged on or in one or the other tunnel wall. To close, the two curtain parts are pulled towards the opposite tunnel wall. In the pulled-apart state, the curtain parts can thus extend from one tunnel wall to the other, that is to say form a double-walled curtain, but they can also only extend to half of the tunnel, but preferably such that they overlap in the middle of the tunnel.
• the curtains are closed by an actuation device controlled by the fire sensor, e.g. B. a motor, for example an electric motor. However, for example, a pyrotechnic motor can also be provided for automatically closing the curtains.
• the flap can also be opened to protect the curtains from dirt.
• the actuating device can, for example, also be a tensioned tension spring which acts on the curtain and pulls it across the traffic route.
• the actuating device can also be formed by a weight that falls down when the actuating device is actuated by the fire sensor and is fastened to the curtain by means of a traction means, for example a rope or a chain.
• the curtains in particular in the lower area, preferably consist of vertical stripes running from top to bottom so that they can be hung over vehicles and the like. Being able to pull objects in the tunnel.
• the width of the strips can be, for example, 20 cm to 50 cm.
• the strips are preferably designed such that they overlap when the curtain is pulled apart.
• two curtain parts can also be provided on each side of the tunnel, which form two curtain sections arranged one behind the other in the contracted state of the curtain.
• the curtains are guided on rails that are provided on or in the area of the tunnel ceiling.
• multi-track rails are preferably used.
• the curtains can also be hung behind a covering extending along the tunnel wall.
• the cladding can have a distance of, for example, 15 to 40 cm from the tunnel wall.
• the cladding can run parallel to the tunnel wall, ie it is correspondingly curved in the case of a round, that is, for example, elliptical or circular tunnel cross section.
• the curtains are now in a dust-free room, so they are protected from dirt.
• the running track consists of a section behind the cladding which extends along the tunnel wall, to which the curtain is attached, and a running track section which extends across the traffic path and onto which the curtain is moved in the event of a fire.
• the track section behind the cladding and the track section extending over the traffic route are connected to one another by a curve section.
• an endless conveyor belt which is provided along the tunnel wall behind the cladding and is driven by a motor can be provided, which in the event of fire pushes the curtain along the running track around the curve section across the traffic route , The curtain is pressed against the conveyor belt.
• at least one roller or another conveyor belt can be provided on the other side of the curtain.
• the entire drive of the curtain can be arranged behind the covering.
• the casing can also be designed as a hollow body for receiving the drive and the curtain including the running rail.
• the conveyor belt extending along the tunnel wall is attached approximately in the middle of the tunnel. This holds the curtain approximately in the middle and prevents tangles or unwanted overlapping of individual strips when the curtain is being transported.
• the tunnel tubes of funicular railways usually have a round cross-section, that is, an arc-shaped tunnel ceiling with a low clearance between the cable car and tunnel ceiling.
• the running rail attached to the tunnel ceiling is accordingly curved.
• a gangway is generally provided in addition to the track bed.
• the curtain which is folded and hanging on one side of the curved running rail, is therefore preferably arranged on the wall adjacent to the gangway, for example in millings or behind a cladding.
• a tension spring guided on the running rail can be provided, which can be released by an electromagnet which is controlled by the fire sensor.
• an exhaust air duct designed as a tube can be provided on the tunnel floor, from which exhaust ducts, for example tubes to the tunnel ceiling, extend along the tunnel wall.
• each tunnel section has at least one device for extracting air.
• the exhaust air extraction can be formed, for example, by an opening in the tunnel ceiling, which leads to the exhaust air duct of the tunnel.
• the connection from each tunnel section to the exhaust air duct is preferably in each case by a flap or the like. Shut-off device lockable.
• the flap of the exhaust air extraction device in the section with the fire can be opened by the fire sensor, while all or at least some of the flaps of the exhaust air suction devices of the remaining tunnel sections can be closed by the fire sensor.
• the smoke gases formed can be extracted in a targeted manner.
• the curtains are designed so that when closed they close the upper area of the tunnel more tightly than the lower area of the tunnel. This ensures that fresh air drawn into the section with the fire by the exhaust air extraction flows in at the bottom of the curtains, so that injured persons lying on the tunnel floor have a greater chance of escaping the flue gases.
• 80% of tunnel victims die from smoke and not from burns. Because the individual curtains are 100 m apart, for example, the air is not as strong sucked in that an additional kindling of the fire is brought about.
• the safety device ensures that rescue and fire-fighting vehicles can penetrate from the outside to the section in the event of a fire without being exposed to any significant smoke or heat, which makes rescue measures and fire-fighting and rescue work much easier.
• the tunnel sections can each be provided with a traffic light, whereby in the event of a fire, the fire sensor causes all traffic lights that are in the direction of travel before the section with the fire to turn red and all traffic lights that are after the section with the fire Be switched green.
• the traffic lights switched to red not only stop all oncoming traffic, but also loosen them up at the same time, since the individual cars or groups of cars are at a distance corresponding to the sections, e.g. come to a standstill from 100 m. This loosened up oncoming traffic makes it easier for emergency personnel to get to the scene of the accident. This loosening also makes it easier for vehicles to turn around to leave the tunnel in the opposite direction.
• the traffic lights switched to green can remove the vehicles that are in the direction of travel after the section with the fire.
• a loudspeaker or intercom can also be installed in each section to guide people in the right direction.
• each section can be provided with a video camera so that the accident circumstances can be recorded immediately and the corresponding rescue measures can be taken.
• several fire sensors are preferably provided in each section.
• the curtains in front of and behind each section are only closed in the direction of travel if, for example, at least two fire sensors detect a fire.
• An impact switch for closing the curtains can also be provided in each tunnel section.
• the actuation of the individual curtains, the individual sensors, the actuating devices of the flaps on the exhaust air extraction and the dust flaps for the contracted curtains as well as the video cameras can be checked regularly by a central computer.
• tunnels can be retrofitted at reasonable costs.
• the relevant tunnel section can be completed within seconds. People who are in the danger zone can flee through the preferably strip-shaped curtain and take themselves to safety. People in the tunnel, outside the fire section, are protected from smoke and heat, even if they remain seated in the vehicle. The smoke gases are extracted from the top of the fire, so that injured people on the tunnel floor are spared smoke gases for a certain period of time.
• the emergency personnel can immediately advance to the danger zone and begin the rescue, since the heat and the source of the fire can be kept under control in the relevant section.
• the emergency services can only advance into the section with the fire in order to salvage the people and then leave it immediately.
• 1 and 2 show a cross section through a tunnel with an open and closed curtain
• FIG 3 shows a longitudinal section through a section of the tunnel with closed curtains.
• FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a wall of the tunnel according to FIG. 4 with the cladding removed
• Fig. 6 shows a cross section through the tunnel
• the tunnel is divided into sections A, which can be separated from one another by a fire-resistant curtain 1, which is attached in the direction of travel before and after section A.
• fire sensors 2 are provided on the ceiling, which in section A close the curtains 1 in the event of a fire.
• each curtain 1 consists of two curtain parts.
• the contracted curtain parts 3, 4 are each arranged in a recess 5 on the left and right in the tunnel wall.
• the recesses 5 can be closed by flaps 6 in order to protect the curtain parts 3, 4 from contamination.
• the curtain parts 3, 4 are guided on rails 7 on the tunnel ceiling 8.
• FIG. 2 for example with an electrical not shown romotor or the like self-acting device. That is, the curtain parts 3, 4 are pulled apart in the direction of the other tunnel wall, so that they overlap in the middle, as shown in FIG. 2 by the dashed line.
• the curtain parts 3, 4 consist, for example, of 30 cm wide strips 11.
• the curtain parts 3, 4 can also extend over the entire roadway 9, so that a double-walled curtain is formed from the curtain parts 3 and 4, as can be seen in FIG. 3.
• the exhaust air duct 12 extends in the tunnel with fans (not shown) and similar devices for exhaust suction.
• the exhaust air duct 12 is connected to the section A through suction openings 13.
• the suction openings 13 can be closed with flaps 14.
• the fire sensors 2 actuate the motors for actuating the curtains 1 of the relevant section A and the actuating devices for the dirt flaps 6, as a result of which the flaps 6 are opened and the curtain parts 3, 4 are pulled towards the other tunnel wall to close the curtains 1 ,
• the sensors 2 open the flaps 14 for extracting air in section A with the fire, while the flaps on the suction openings of the remaining sections, at least the sections adjacent to the fire section, are closed.
• a cladding 16, 17 extends behind each tunnel wall, behind which a curtain part 3, 4 is arranged.
• Each curtain part 3, 4 is suspended from a section 7a of the running rail 7, which extends along the respective tunnel wall behind the cladding 16, 17.
• the running track section 7a is over a curve section with which extends across the carriageway 9 or the traffic route extending track section 7b connected.
• the panel 16, 17 has a distance of z. B. 15 to 30 cm from the tunnel and on.
• an encircling endless conveyor belt 18 extending along the respective tunnel wall engages on each curtain part 3, 4. 19, which is driven by a motor, not shown.
• a further conveyor belt 21, 22 is provided on the other side of the curtain part 3, 4, which presses the curtain part 3, 4 against the driven conveyor belt 18, 19.
• the cladding is curved in accordance with the circular tunnel cross section. So that the curtain parts 3, 4 are held in the middle in the cavity formed by the cladding 16, 17, the conveyor belts 18, 19, 21, .22 are attached at a medium height between the carriageway 9 and the ceiling 8 of the tunnel.
• the tunnel of a funicular railway shown in FIG. 6 has a gangway 24 in addition to the sliding bed 23.
• the tunnel has a round cross section, that is to say an arc-shaped tunnel ceiling 8, with a slight clearance between the cars 25 of the funicular and the tunnel ceiling 8.
• the curved running rail 7 is fastened to the arched tunnel ceiling 8.
• the folded curtain 1 is arranged on the tunnel wall adjacent to the gangway 24, for example in a recess 5 in the tunnel wall.
• a tension spring 26 guided on the running rail 7 is provided, which is released in the event of a fire by an electromagnet 27 which is controlled by the fire sensor (not shown in FIG. 6).
• an exhaust air duct 28 designed as a tube is provided for exhaust air extraction, from which exhaust ducts 2 designed as an extraction tube 2 extend to the tunnel ceiling along the tunnel wall.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Ecology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
• Ventilation (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=7687142

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2001
  • 2001-06-02 DE DE10127091A patent/DE10127091B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2002
  • 2002-04-20 WO PCT/EP2002/004367 patent/WO2002098513A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2003
  • 2003-02-03 NO NO20030534A patent/NO20030534D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events