WO2002078852A1 - Schubzentrifuge - Google Patents
Schubzentrifuge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002078852A1 WO2002078852A1 PCT/EP2002/001773 EP0201773W WO02078852A1 WO 2002078852 A1 WO2002078852 A1 WO 2002078852A1 EP 0201773 W EP0201773 W EP 0201773W WO 02078852 A1 WO02078852 A1 WO 02078852A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- centrifuge
- centrifuge according
- filter
- housing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
- B04B3/02—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering discharging solid particles from the bowl by means coaxial with the bowl axis and moving to and fro, i.e. push-type centrifuges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
- B04B11/04—Periodical feeding or discharging; Control arrangements therefor
- B04B11/043—Load indication with or without control arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
- B04B15/06—Other accessories for centrifuges for cleaning bowls, filters, sieves, inserts, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
- B04B15/12—Other accessories for centrifuges for drying or washing the separated solid particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
- B04B7/02—Casings; Lids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
- B04B7/02—Casings; Lids
- B04B7/06—Safety devices ; Regulating
Definitions
- Inverting filter centrifuges of conventional design comprise a centrifugal drum rotatably mounted in a drum housing, a shaft connected to a closed end face of the drum, which drives the drum in rotation, a cover which seals the open end face of the drum, a filling device for suspension to be filtered with a filling tube leading into the inside of the drum and finally a filter cloth that can be inserted into the drum, which is attached to the drum edge on the one hand against the open end face of the drum and on the other hand is connected to a drum base adjacent to the closed end wall of the filter drum.
- the suspension to be filtered is introduced into the interior of the drum, the filtrate settling out passing through the filter cloth and the drum wall and the solids content of the suspension being deposited on the filter cloth inside the drum as a filter cake.
- the filter cake can be easily removed mechanically from the drum by opening the lid and moving the drum base together with the filter cloth attached to it towards the open end of the drum. The drum base is pushed out of the drum to such an extent that the filter cloth is ultimately completely turned inside out and the filter cake is carried outwards and blown off by the turning movement.
- the conventional inverting filter centrifuge finds its limits where suspensions attacking the filter cloth have to be filtered, because the filter cloth is only stable within certain limits.
- the housing enclosing the drum must be built so large that the turning movement can be carried out completely, ie the drum base can be extended out of the drum by the axial length of the drum.
- centrifugal machines have become known (cf. for example EP 0 454 045) in which the drum has a conically widening drum wall made of a metallic filter medium, on which the filter cake is deposited directly.
- a pneumatic device which detaches the filter cake from the drum wall and supports it by the conicity of the drum wall in a around the edge of the open end face of the drum arranged ring channel promotes.
- the centrifugal machine with the metallic filter medium in the drum wall and the pneumatic discharge has the advantage over the inverting filter centrifuge that it is shorter, but this advantage outweighs the previously described disadvantage in the rarest of cases.
- a filter-free inverting filter centrifuge which comprises a centrifugal drum rotatably mounted in a drum housing with a drum wall comprising a stationary, dimensionally stable filter medium, a shaft rotating the drum, a cover which seals the open end face of the drum at the drum edge, a filling device for Suspension to be filtered with a filling line leading into the drum, and a drum base arranged inside the drum, the drum base and filter medium or drum wall being axially displaceable relative to one another in order to mechanically discharge the solid content from the drum and the drum base having a sealing element on its surface - Has catch surface, which rests in a retracted position of the drum base, adjacent to the closed end wall of the drum, sealingly against the cylindrical drum wall.
- the invention thus relates to a new type of inverting filter centrifuge in which the use of the filter cloth is avoided.
- Such an inverting filter centrifuge is referred to below as an inverting filter centrifuge without a filter cloth.
- the drum base as it is known from the conventional inverting filter centrifuge, is retained and now has a new function. Instead of holding and guiding the filter cloth, the drum base is used to mechanically discharge the solids or filter cake.
- the filter cloth-type invertible filter centrifuge according to the invention similarly to the filter cloth-covered invertible filter centrifuge with the drum base, mechanically discharges the solids portion in a kind of inverting movement, as is known per se from the classic filter cloth-dependent inverted filter centrifuge. Because no filter cloth has to be turned over and the centrifuge works without a filter cloth, the turning movement can be reduced to about half the distance, ie the travel distance for the drum base is limited to a little more than half. Accordingly, a significantly more compact, ie shorter, construction of the centrifuge can be achieved, similar to that of the centrifugal machines with pneumatic filter cake discharge discussed at the beginning. However, since mechanical discharge is still carried out, the disadvantages of such centrifugal machines are eliminated.
- the drum wall can also be moved with respect to the drum base or both can be moved against one another in the axial direction at the same time. All of the following explanations and explanations are made using the first alternative, namely the moving drum base. But they apply equally to the other two alternatives of the relative movement of the drum base and drum wall.
- Avoiding the filter cloth will also, i. H. in addition to the shorter travel distance for the drum base, it also achieves that aggressive suspensions can be processed in the centrifuge at high temperatures.
- the drum base has a diameter which is only slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the drum on its closed end wall.
- a filter medium is preferably used which is self-supporting and does not require any special support to maintain the dimensional stability.
- the dimensional stability of the drum wall or of the drum wall, at least in large part, The filter medium is important so that there is no deformation of the drum wall, especially when the filter cake is being discharged, which would lead to undesirably high solids or filter cake residues remaining in the drum.
- self-supporting filter media are also advantageous in that the available area of the drum wall can be maximized and, despite this, no deformation of the drum wall occurs during the centrifuging process itself.
- Suitable filter media for the filter-free inverting filter centrifuge are metallic, ceramic, plastic or also media which are made from a mixture of these materials.
- multi-layer metallic mesh networks with an increasing mesh size are suitable.
- a pneumatic device can serve to support the removal of the filter cake, which serves to detach and discharge filter cake residues.
- the previously mentioned pneumatic device for detaching and discharging filter cake residues is preferably a device which generates a gas flow or gas flows in the axial direction of the drum towards its open end face.
- the gas streams or the gas stream can be aligned axially parallel or with a slight inclination to the drum wall, so that on the one hand there is a gas stream component detaching the filter cake residues and on the other hand the detached filter cake residues are simultaneously conveyed towards the open end face of the drum.
- a gas flow or gas flows from the pneumatic device can act here, which strikes the drum in the radial direction. Gas flows that hit the drum in the radial direction facilitate, in particular, the detachment of filter cake residues from the filter medium or the drum wall formed by the filter media.
- a combination of gas flows which act in the axial direction and in the radial direction, provide an excellent cleaning action for detaching and removing the filter cake residues.
- the pneumatic device can be arranged statically with respect to the drum wall, and the effect of the pneumatic device is then preferably produced via a plurality of nozzles, starting from the closed end wall and continuing towards the open end part of the drum, so that the filter cake residues are successively beginning near the closed end wall, continuing to be transported towards the open end of the drum.
- the pneumatic device and the drum wall can be designed to be movable relative to one another in the axial direction of the drum.
- the relative movement of the pneumatic device and the drum wall now results in the same effect as previously described with the controllable nozzles.
- Particularly preferred pneumatic devices are able to generate a pulsating gas flow or pulsating gas flows which have a much better detaching effect for filter cake residues on the drum wall. At the same time, the air volume used can be minimized.
- nozzle outlets for the gas flow are provided which can be driven to rotate at a differential speed relative to the drum wall, so that a completely uniform application is achieved. tion of the drum wall or the filter medium in all of its surface elements can be realized by the gas stream or the individual gas streams emerging from the nozzles.
- a particularly preferred pneumatic device has nozzle outlets for the gas flows in the interior of the drum, wherein these can preferably be integrated into the drum base.
- outlets are arranged in the interior of the drum, which are used to rinse the drum wall, ie. H. serve in particular the filter medium arranged there, with a liquid cleaning medium, in particular a solvent.
- the drum base has a sealing element on its circumferential surface, which, in a retracted position of the drum base, adjacent to the closed end wall of the drum, seals on the cylindrical drum wall is applied. This prevents suspension from getting onto the back of the drum base.
- the lid When the filter cake is discharged from the drum of the filter-free inverting filter centrifuge according to the invention, the lid must first be removed from the free end of the drum. On the other hand, the lid lies tightly against the free end of the drum during the spinning process and must be rotated together with it.
- a simple construction which takes these two conditions into account provides that the cover is rigidly connected to the drum base by means of spacers. This means that when the drum base is pushed forward at the start of the mechanical cleaning or the mechanical discharge of the filter cake, the lid is opened, and the mechanically discharged filter cake can fall out of the open end of the drum.
- the lid can be removed from the free end face independently of the drum base, which has the advantage that the path of travel of the lid for opening the drum can be chosen to be less than the path of the drum base for mechanically discharging the filter cake.
- the lid can be arranged in a fixed position as seen in the axial direction of the drum, while the drum is pulled back a short distance at the beginning of the discharge step in order to create a sufficient distance between the lid and the open end face of the drum, through which the filter cake material then emerges from the drum can get out if the drum bottom is pushed forward.
- a preferred filter cloth centrifuge without a filter cloth has a drum housing which widens conically in the direction from the open end face of the drum to its closed end wall. As a result, liquid filtrate emerging from the drum is drained from the open end of the drum, from which the solid filter cake material is mechanically discharged in the later discharge step. This allows a spatial distance to be created between the outlet for the filtrate on the one hand and the part of the filter housing space which receives the filter cake or the material of the filter cake.
- the drum wall in turn can also be slightly conical, although an opposite conicity is recommended here, namely one in which the drum wall widens towards the open end of the drum. This now allows very tight tolerances in relation to the drum base the closed end wall and prevents the drum base from blocking when the drum base extends out of the drum even in cases in which the filter cake bakes very easily.
- the lid of the drum is preferably provided with an opening and the filling line is designed as a filling tube which passes through the lid and leads into the interior of the drum during the centrifuging process.
- the filling tube can be freely guided through the opening, so that contact between the filling tube and the lid opening is avoided even during centrifuging.
- a pressurized gas for example superheated steam
- a pressurized gas for example superheated steam
- the filling tube is used to change the pressure can be connected to pressure or vacuum sources in the drum and is sealed against the lid by means of a combined rotary and sliding seal.
- the rotary seal seals the filling tube against the rotating cover and the sliding seal seals the filling tube against the axially displaceable cover.
- the filling tube is further preferably supported on the housing in an elastic holder which, in conjunction with the rotary and sliding seal, permits wobbling movements of the filling tube.
- the filling pipe is used simultaneously as an inlet pipe for compressed gas (steam) or for generating a negative pressure by pumping out, so that special supply lines are not required for this.
- the combined rotary and sliding seal between the filling tube and the lid prevents the pressurized gas from escaping from the centrifugal chamber or the ingress of gas (atmospheric air) from the outside into the centrifugal chamber.
- the elastic support of the filling tube on the housing compensates for tumbling movements of the drum due to imbalance, so that a perfect seal is guaranteed by the combined rotating and sliding seal during operation. The sliding movement of the cover relative to the filling pipe is not affected.
- the filling tube is preferably fastened to the housing with a flange and with the interposition of an elastic element, with a thickening that tapers on both sides at the outlet end of the filling tube, which ensures particularly simple sealing with sufficient freedom of movement to follow the tumbling movements of the drum is.
- the drum can be connected to a pressure or negative pressure source from its side facing away from the filling pipe via a line.
- the feed of compressed gas or the application of a vacuum from the filling pipe and its function of supplying suspension are then decoupled here.
- the filling opening of the cover can be closed tightly with respect to the filling tube by a closure element which rotates together with the drum and which is decoupled from the filling tube while avoiding frictional engagement.
- the filling tube is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis and that it can be rotated around this axis together with the drum.
- abrasion and thus the occurrence of contaminants causing rotary / sliding seal at the lid opening can be avoided.
- the rotating / sliding seal can be moved to an area outside the housing.
- the filling tube can be driven essentially synchronously by a drive device.
- a closure element which can be selectively toggled between an open and a closed position is arranged to achieve the seal between the fill opening in the lid and the fill tube.
- the drum and the cover are driven by a rotatingly driven hollow shaft and a reciprocating carrier shaft is arranged in the hollow shaft, which allows the drum base to be mechanically discharged to the filter cake to move the drum wall or the filter medium of the drum wall or the filter medium of the drum wall.
- a screw spindle is arranged on the carrier shaft and a nut which engages with this screw spindle is provided and that either the screw spindle or the nut can be driven in rotation by a motor, so that depending on the speed of the screw spindle or .
- the mother back and forth telescoped relative to the speed of the hollow shaft, the carrier shaft in the hollow shaft. This means that when the filter drum is turned, the lid can be opened and the drum base can be moved forward to mechanically discharge the filter cake over the free end of the drum.
- centrifugal machines For safety reasons, it must be ensured in the centrifugal machines and accordingly also in the filter-type inverting filter centrifuge according to the invention that the drum can only be opened at relatively low speeds.
- centrifugal regulators that ensure that the opening movement of the drum can only be initiated below a certain drum speed.
- this type of securing device is relatively complicated and prone to failure, so that it is preferred to use a securing device which does not require the use of a centrifugal governor.
- a screw spindle and a provide with this screw engaging nut, so that either the screw or the nut is rotatably driven by a motor, so that depending on the speed of the screw or nut relative to the speed of the hollow shaft and drum, the carrier shaft in the hollow shaft - And hard telescoped, the drum opens when the speed of the motor-driven screw or nut is greater than the speed of the hollow shaft, and closes when the speed of the screw or nut is less than the speed of the hollow shaft, and that the maximum speed of the motor is selected so that the vo n
- the screw speed or nut given maximum speed is less than the critical speed of the drum, so that the drum only opens when it rotates at a speed less than the critical speed.
- the screw spindle or the nut can be driven by several motors which can be switched on at different speeds, the maximum speeds in these motors being selected such that the maximum speeds given by them to the screw spindle or the nut are lower than the critical drum speed.
- Another alternative is to arrange an adjustable manual transmission between the motor and the screw spindle.
- the displacement shaft penetrates the interior of the centrifugal drum when the drum base is being advanced, and as a result can it leads to contamination, e.g. B. by lubricant, by transferring these materials from the machine frame into the interior of the centrifugal drum.
- contamination e.g. B. by lubricant
- the centrifugal drum is closed, residues of suspension, residues of filter cake material and / or filtrate can be introduced into the machine housing through the sliding shaft.
- a device for monitoring a differential pressure on both sides of the partition wall preferably being provided here.
- the differential pressure can be monitored and, in the event of a deviation from the target, an alarm signal is triggered so that the operating personnel can immediately react to a leak in the partition and replace it.
- a further development of the filter cloth centrifuge without filter cloth is to provide it with a device for carrying out a weight measurement.
- the weight measurement can be carried out inexpensively using small load cells and weighing devices, although interference forces occurring or caused by gas pressures in the centrifuge housing must be compensated for.
- the centrifuge has a device for carrying out a weight measurement, the centrifuge being pivotably mounted in a vertical plane, a force measuring element sensing the weight-dependent pivoting movements of the centrifuge and a compensation device which by the fluctuating Balances gas pressures caused by interference in such a way that the weight measurement remains unaffected, the compensation device further comprising a sensor which senses the gas pressure in the centrifuge and which generates a correction signal for the weight display as a function of sensed changes in the gas pressure.
- the pivot axis of the centrifuge is preferably arranged horizontally.
- the ease of cleaning of the centrifugal machines is of particular importance, especially in the case of such sensitive products as food and pharmaceuticals, so that all parts of the centrifugal machine that come into contact with the suspension to be filtered, the filtrate and the filter cake material should be easily accessible and cleanable.
- the housing of the centrifuge has a first housing space with an outlet for removing the filtrate and a second housing space with an outlet for removing the filter cake, the first housing space being sealed off from one the first independent housing part and the second housing space is sealed sealed by a second independent housing part, wherein the two housing parts are each separately pivotable in different directions about separate axes such that they can be pivoted individually between a closed state and an open state relative to the centrifugal drum are.
- This design of the housing allows access to all important components when the housing parts are swung open without the centrifugal drum itself having to be dismantled.
- the two housing parts are preferably mounted so as to be pivotable about vertical axes.
- the first housing part is generally ring-shaped and the second housing part is approximately cup-shaped with an essentially closed end wall, the second housing part in the closed state lying tightly against the first housing part with an edge opposite the end wall.
- the two housing parts form an approximately cylindrical jacket which is arranged approximately concentrically with the centrifugal drum.
- the centrifugal drum is usually used with the operated at the highest possible speed, which leads to very high peripheral speeds at the drum edge. Since these centrifuges cause wobble movements of the centrifugal drum due to unavoidable unbalance, an annular gap is usually provided between the rotating centrifugal drum and the stationary housing in the region of the boundary between the filtrate and solid space, which can also contain a flexible, elastic seal.
- the annular gap must be at least so large that the tumbling movement of the drum which occurs at maximum imbalance does not lead to the rotating centrifugal drum coming into contact with stationary housing parts. If a seal is used in the annular gap, it may only bear lightly against rotating machine parts due to the high peripheral speed of the drum and the heat that occurs when touched.
- This annular gap which is necessary in view of the inevitable dream movements of the drum, means that an absolute seal is not possible between the filtrate space and the solid space of the housing.
- the centrifugal drum acts like a fan when it rotates, an excess pressure is created in the filtrate housing part, in which the closed drum rotates during the filtering process, compared to the solid housing part, which basically ensures gas exchange between the filtrate and solid space of the housing.
- the liquid escaping through the filter medium in the area of the drum shell during the centrifugation is finely distributed in the filtrate space or the filtrate housing part, ie the gas present there is enriched with liquid aerosols which can reach the solid space via the annular gap.
- the drum base is moved into the solids space like a plunger.
- This creates an overpressure in this housing part in relation to the filtrate space, at least as long as the drum base lies against the filter cake lying against the drum wall and shifts it towards the open end face. This prevents pressure reduction.
- the dry solid is thrown off into the solid space and the gas present in this space is enriched with solid aerosols by dust-like portions of the solid.
- a transfer of filtrate into the solids space and vice versa of solids into the filtrate space is highly undesirable because of the contamination involved, but is practically unavoidable with the conventional annular gap solution, even if the annular gap contains a seal.
- the protective device is preferably designed such that it can generate two streams of a gaseous barrier medium in the annular gap, one of which is directed into the filtrate housing part or the filtrate space and the other into the solid housing part or the solid space.
- the centrifuge has a downstream solids dryer.
- dehumidification and drying of the solid is then carried out in the inverting filter centrifuge by centrifuging, pressurized gas presses and heat convection using a flowing dry gas on the one hand and in the solid dryer by heat convection using a flowing dry gas on the other hand.
- the centrifuging process provides mechanical dehumidification and drying of the filter cake adhering to the drum wall or to the filter medium, and the filter cake can be flowed through with dry gas for further dehumidification, the efficiency of the dehumidification and drying naturally depend on the temperature and the velocity of the gas flowing through.
- attempts have already been made to blow the capillaries of the filter cake with a gas under relatively high pressure before allowing the filter cake to flow through, so as to open the way for the dry gas.
- the centrifuge is followed by thermal aggregates in the form of solid dryers, in which the solids withdrawn from the inverting filter centrifuge by thermal contact by means of heating and / or by thermal convection with the aid of a flowing Dry gas is treated to achieve further dehumidification and drying of the solid to the desired final value.
- Deagglomeration of the solid by alternating application of vacuum and pressure may also be necessary.
- the final drying or deagglomeration is carried out by vacuum in solids dryers, although in principle these processes can also be carried out in the inverting filter centrifuge.
- Air or another, in particular an inert gas can be used as the dry gas. If the drying gas is contaminated with pollutants during the dehumidification and drying process both in the inverting filter centrifuge and in the solids dryer, it must either be disposed of or treated in a treatment plant so that the cleaned drying gas is reused in the circuit for dehumidification and drying in the inverting filter centrifuge and in the solid dryer and fresh gas consumption is reduced to a minimum.
- each of these devices is dimensioned and controlled individually with regard to the result to be achieved for a specific product, the size of each device must be adjusted according to the worst-case results in the drying which are possibly to be considered, the residence time in the inverting filter centrifuge or in the solids dryer, e.g. B. can be too long due to incorrect batches to be calculated.
- the centrifuge according to the invention is preferably combined with a downstream solids dryer to form a unit, so that the inverting filter centrifuge and the solids dryer complement each other synergistically in operation to achieve a certain degree of dehumidification (residual moisture), the use of the thermal energy of the drying gas in particular being optimized, ie minimized ,
- the centrifuge also includes a downstream solid dryer, the dehumidification and drying of the solid taking place in the centrifugal drum by spinning, pressurized gas presses and / or heat convection using a flowing dry gas and in the solid dryer by heat convection using a flowing dry gas.
- the inverting filter centrifuge and the solid dryer are connected to one another via a sealing device that enables the inverting filter centrifuge and solid dryer to be sealed, sensors on the inverting filter centrifuge and on the solid dryer measuring the prevailing there Degrees of dehumidification and drying as well as other operating parameters present there, such as weight of the drum content, pressure, temperature, flow rate and / or pH value of the filtrate, speed, humidity, flow rate of the supplied suspension, are arranged, whereby a common control device is provided, which can be actuated by the measured values indicated by the sensors and, depending on this, the operating data, such as, for example, the speed of the inverting filter centrifuge, a gas pressure, the flow velocity nes gas and / or the temperature of a gas and possibly the temperature of the solid-contacting surfaces, and the control device carries out the regulation of these operating data automatically, so that the operating time for dehumidification and drying in the centr
- this is achieved in that a line for generating an overpressure or underpressure is provided in the drum and the line of action of the force generated in this line due to the overpressure or underpressure is guided such that it intersects the axis of rotation of the machine housing ,
- the invention further relates to a method for separating a suspension into a filtrate and a solids content using a filter cloth centrifuge without filter cloth according to the invention, as described in detail above.
- the suspension is conveyed into the interior of the drum via the filling line, the filtrate being due to the rotating drum prevailing centrifugal forces through the filter medium or is pushed through and the solids content is retained on the inner wall of the drum, ie by the filter medium.
- the solid fraction retained by the filter medium also called filter cake, is mechanically discharged from the drum by means of the drum base.
- the diameter of the drum base is as close as possible to the inside width of the drum at the closed end wall end, in order to leave as little solids as possible in the drum during mechanical discharge.
- a practically complete cleaning of the solids content from the filter medium of the drum is possible with pneumatic support, i. H. by generating gas streams that are allowed to flow through the filter medium from the outside into the interior of the drum in order to loosen up the solids content and / or to detach it from the filter medium.
- the gas streams are preferably generated by generating a negative pressure inside the drum. Alternatively, however, pressure conditions can also be applied to the circumference of the drum.
- the gas streams are further preferably in the form of one or more pressure or. Vacuum pulses applied, whereby a comparable effect can be achieved while minimizing the gas volume flowing through.
- a flow of the filter medium directed radially from the outside inward can preferably also be provided before the mechanical discharge of the solid fraction through the drum base, since this loosens the filter cake formed by the solid fraction and its adhesion to the filter medium can be reduced. This measure supports the most complete possible discharge of the solids content mechanically by means of the displacement movement between the drum wall and the drum base.
- the drum base is returned to its starting position adjacent to the closed end wall of the drum and then residues of the solids remaining on the filter medium are pneumatically removed by means of radially and / or axially acting gas flows conveyed out of the drum.
- the drum base can be in its retracted position, i.e. H. its original position, remain or be transferred back to its ejection position in order to mechanically support the pneumatic cleaning.
- the radially acting gas flows can be generated synchronously with the drum base movement, starting at a position adjacent to the starting position of the drum base and progressing towards its ejection position.
- an annular gas flow is generated on the circumference of the drum to the inside of the drum, just before the drum base passes over this point on the drum wall.
- the radially acting gas streams can be generated in a stationary manner when the drum is rotating, thereby ensuring that each surface element of the drum is acted upon by the radially acting gas streams. This results in a uniform cleaning of the entire surface of the filter medium of the drum.
- the radially acting gas streams are further preferably overlaid by axially acting gas streams, which brings about a better pneumatic conveying action for discharging the solid fraction residues.
- the axially acting gas streams can be generated in synchronism with the transfer of the drum bottom from its initial position to its ejection position.
- FIG. 1 shows an inverting filter centrifuge according to the invention in a centrifuging position according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 the inverting filter centrifuge according to FIG. 1 in the discharge position
- FIGS. 1A and 2A show an enlarged detail of the centrifuge according to the invention from FIGS. 1 and 2; 1B to 1F variations of the first embodiment of the inverting filter centrifuge according to the invention with different
- FIGS. 2B to 2F supplementary pneumatic discharge devices in enlarged partial representations corresponding to FIGS. 1A and 2A;
- FIG. 3 variant of the filter cloth centrifuge without filter cloth according to the invention of Figure 1 with a tightly closing lid.
- FIG. 4 top view of the cover of the inverting filter centrifuge in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the filter cloth centrifuge without filter cloth according to the invention with a tightly closing lid
- Fig. 7 is a partial enlargement of the lid seal
- FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the invertible filter centrifuge without filter cloth according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of the filter-free inverting filter centrifuge according to the invention.
- Fig. 12 centrifuge of Figure 11 with the cover lifted.
- FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of the filter-free inverting filter centrifuge according to the invention.
- FIG. 14 centrifuge of FIG. 13 with the cover removed
- FIG. 15 shows a further embodiment of the filter-free inverting filter centrifuge according to the invention.
- FIG. 16 shows a further embodiment of the fil- clothless inverting filter centrifuge with a two-part, swiveling housing section
- FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of the filter cloth centrifuge without filter cloth according to the invention with a drying device combined into a unit;
- 21 to 23 show another embodiment of the filter cloth centrifuge without filter cloth according to the invention with an interference-free weight measurement
- the filter-cloth invertible filter centrifuge shown in FIG. 1 comprises a housing 1, which is only indicated schematically and which tightly encloses the entire machine, in which a hollow shaft 3 is rotatably mounted in bearings 4, 5 on a stationary machine frame 2.
- the housing 1 is usually designed as a pressure-resistant housing in order to withstand the pressures occurring in procedural steps, e.g. B. in steam sterilization approx. 1 to 2 bar.
- a pressure center cylinder 6 is flanged sealed to the end of the hollow shaft 3 located on the right in FIGS. 1 and 2 and projecting beyond the bearing 5.
- a drive wheel 7 is rotatably connected, via which the cylinder 6 and thus the hollow shaft 3, for. B. by means of a V-belt from an electric motor (not shown) in rapid circulation.
- the hollow shaft 3 which is rigidly continuous between the bearings 4, 5 has an axially directed keyway (not shown), in which a wedge piece 9 is axially displaceable.
- This wedge piece 9 is rigidly connected to an inside of the hollow shaft 3.
- slidable shaft 12 connected. The shaft 12 therefore rotates together with the hollow shaft 3, but is axially displaceable in the latter.
- the shafts 3 and 12 run in a socket-shaped housing 13 which also serves to hold the bearings 4, 5 and which is supported on the machine frame 2.
- a pot-shaped centrifugal drum 16 is flanged with its closed end wall 17 on the left end of the hollow shaft 3 in FIG. 1, projecting beyond the bearing 4.
- the cylindrical drum wall is largely formed from a filter medium 18, for example a multi-layer metal mesh filter that becomes coarser in the radial direction towards the outside or a sintered ceramic filter with a similar characteristic.
- the drum 16 is open on its end 20 opposite the closed end 17.
- the displaceable shaft 12 which penetrates freely through the closed end wall 17 is rigidly connected to a drum base 23.
- a centrifugal chamber cover 25 is rigidly attached to the drum base 23 by means of stud bolts 24, leaving a gap, which seals the centrifugal chamber of the drum 16 by resting on its flange-like opening edge 19 and together with the drum base 23 by axially pushing the shaft 12 out of the hollow shaft 3 can be lifted from the drum 16.
- the drum 16 can also be axially displaceable relative to the stationary cover 25 and drum base 23 for the same purpose.
- a filling tube 26 is arranged on the left-hand front side of the filter-free inverting filter centrifuge in FIG. 1, which feeds a suspension to be broken down into its solid and liquid components into the centrifugal chamber serves the drum 16 (FIG. 1) and in the operating state shown in FIG. 2 penetrates into a bore of the displaceable shaft 12.
- Lines 31 and valves 32, 33 which cooperate with the pressure center cylinder 6 serve to reciprocate the displaceable shaft 12 which supports the drum 16.
- the inverting filter centrifuge initially assumes the position shown in FIG. 1.
- the displaceable shaft 12 is retracted into the hollow shaft 3 and the pressure cylinder 6, as a result of which the drum base 23 connected to the shaft 12 lies in the vicinity of the closed end wall 17 of the centrifugal drum 16.
- the centrifugal chamber cover 25 has placed itself sealingly on the opening edge 19 of the drum 16.
- suspension to be filtered is introduced via the filling tube 26.
- the liquid constituents of the suspension pass through the filter medium 18 of the drum 16 in the direction of the arrows 35 and are passed from a baffle plate 36 into a discharge line 37.
- the solid particles of the suspension are stopped by the filter medium 18.
- the shaft 12 is moved (to the left), as a result of which the drum bottom 23 moves to the open end of the drum 16 and transports the filter cake formed by the solid particles out of the drum 16 and into the housing 1 flinging. From there, the solid particles can be easily removed.
- the filling tube 26 has penetrated into the bore of the shaft 12 through openings 39, 40, which are provided in the cover 25 or in the drum base 23.
- the filter centrifuge is brought back into the operating position corresponding to FIG. 1 by pushing the shaft 12 back. In this way, operation of the centrifuge with a continuously rotating centrifugal drum 16 is possible. As shown schematically in FIG.
- a valve 41 is installed in the filling tube 26, which interrupts the supply of suspension and seals the filling tube 26 to a storage vessel containing the suspension.
- a gas in particular compressed air or an inert gas, can be introduced into the filling pipe 26 and thus into the centrifugal chamber of the drum 16 by means of the pump 44 via a pipe 42 with a shut-off valve 43 opening into the filling pipe 26.
- the resulting internal pressure in the drum 16 increases the hydraulic pressure that arises in the centrifugal force field of the rotating drum 16 and has an overall beneficial effect on the filtration result, ie the dehumidification of the filter cake.
- a vacuum instead of an overpressure in the drum 16, for example by the pump 44 in FIG. 1 being designed as a suction pump.
- a temporary vacuum for example, can have a favorable effect on the detachment of the filter cake from the filter medium 18.
- FIGS. 1A and 2A show the inverting filter centrifuge according to the invention from FIGS. 1 and 2 in detail, which is why the same reference numerals are used. It can be seen in FIGS. 1A and 2A that the drum base 23 carries a sealing element 29 all around at its edge 28.
- This sealing element 29 is in the initial position of the drum base 23, i. H. if this is arranged adjacent to the closed end wall 17, sealingly in the region of the reference numeral 27 on the inner surface of the centrifugal drum 16 (FIG. 1A). In this position, the seal 29 seals the interior of the drum, which is filled with suspension via the filling tube 26, from the interior of the drum remaining on the rear of the drum base 23 to the closed end wall 17.
- a filtrate housing 36 ′ is formed around the drum 16 as a variant, which has an outlet opening 38 only at the lower end, adjacent to the discharge line 37.
- FIGS. 1B and 2B A variant of the centrifuge 10 is shown in FIGS. 1B and 2B, in which, similar to FIGS. 1A and 2A, the drum 16 is surrounded by a filtrate housing 36 'which opens into the outlet 38.
- the drum base 23 ' is equipped with a somewhat smaller diameter and has an all-round bent portion 30 at its edge 28'.
- the drum bottom edge 28 'then again carries a seal 29, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A.
- an additional pneumatic device 46 is provided which, with its nozzle outlets, reaches corresponding openings in the annular space which is formed around the drum 16 by the filtrate housing 36 '.
- the nozzles 37 generate gas flows which lead radially from the outside into the inside of the centrifugal drum 16. If the pneumatic device 46 is activated before the mechanical discharge through the drum base 23 ′ is carried out, this loosens the solids content in the drum 16 and at least partially detaches it from the filter medium 18. A simple, possibly even more complete mechanical discharge of the filter cake can thus be achieved.
- the pneumatic device 46 can be actuated at a point in time at which the mechanical removal of the filter cake has already taken place and the drum base 23 'has again been brought into the position shown in FIG. 1B. In this case, the pneumatic device 46 then loosens and transports any remaining solids content from the filter medium and, if necessary supported by a further displacement movement of the drum base 22 ', this solids content residue can still be discharged from the inside of the drum into the housing 1.
- FIG. 2B shows a dash-dot representation of an alternative discharge position of the drum base 23 ', in which the pneumatic cleaning and discharge of filter cake residues can be started immediately following the mechanical discharge of the filter cake through the drum base 23'.
- FIGS. IC and 2C A further variant is shown in FIGS. IC and 2C, in which a filter drum 16 'is used, which widens slightly conically from the closed end wall 17 to the opening edge 19 of the drum.
- the drum base 23 again has a drum base edge 28 into which a circumferential sealing element 29 is received.
- the centrifuge 10 here comprises an additional pneumatic device which conveys pressurized gas into the drum base 23 via a compressed gas line 50, from where distribution channels 51 lead to outlets 52 which are adjacent to the drum base edge 28 in the direction are arranged directed towards the filter medium 18 of the drum wall. These nozzles are arranged at regular intervals on the edge of the drum base 28 and direct the compressed gas with axial and radial components against the inside of the filter medium 18.
- the cleaning action to remove residual solids from the filter medium 18, which is exerted by the pneumatic device 46, which allows gas to flow radially from the outside in through the filter medium 18, is further assisted by the pressurized gas flows which emerge from the nozzles 52 at the edge of the drum bottom ,
- the drum base 23 rotates at a different frequency than the drum 16 'itself, so that the pressurized gas flows emerging from the nozzles 52 evenly coat and clean the inside of the drum wall or the filter medium 18.
- FIG. IC the drum base 23
- FIG. 2B A further variant is shown in FIGS. 1D and 2D, in which, on the one hand, the pneumatic device 46 already known from FIGS. 1B, IC and 2B, 2C is present, which pressurized gas from outside into the interior of the drum through the filtrate space 16 can pass through the filter medium 18.
- a pneumatic device is also present here, which is effective inside the drum and has an axial component in its gas flows.
- a pneumatic device 53 comprises nozzles 54 which, through openings 57 (only indicated in the figures) in the closed end wall 17, direct gas flows at an acute angle against the inner surface of the cylindrical drum wall or the inner surface of the filter medium 18.
- An axially parallel alignment of the gas streams is also conceivable.
- the drum base 23 could remain in an ejection position, while the pneumatic devices 46 and 53 are subsequently set in motion in order to fully clean off residual solids on the surface of the filter medium 18.
- the cover 25 and the drum base 23 are preferably extended a little further to the left (see dash-dotted line in FIG. 2B), so that the pneumatically discharged solids can get into the housing 1 unhindered.
- a pneumatic conveying device 53 with nozzles 54 is provided on the one hand, which pressurizes gas under pressure through openings 57 in the end wall 17 (openings only indicated) at an acute angle against the surface of the filter medium 18 inside the Align the drum, while another pneumatic device 55 with a plurality of nozzles 56 directs individually switchable gas flows against the drum 16 from the outside. Due to the individual switchability of the nozzles 56, a conveying process, starting adjacent to the closed end wall 17 and progressing to the opening edge 19 of the drum 16, can be generated, which is supported by the effect of the gas flows emerging from the nozzles 54, which are primarily in the axial direction Act.
- the conveying devices 53 and 55 for discharging residues of solid matter from the drum 16 are operated in a state as shown in broken lines in FIG. 2B; H. the cover 23 is in the eject position.
- the two pneumatic devices 53 and 55 can be operated in a pulsating manner, with simultaneous or alternating pulsating working of the devices 55 and 53 being possible.
- FIGS. 1F and 2F A variant is shown in FIGS. 1F and 2F, in which a circular plate 59, supported by a shaft 58, is provided between the drum base 23 and the closed end wall 17 of the drum 16, in which channels 60 radially pressurized gas to the peripheral edge 61 of the plate 59 lead where the compressed gas exits from nozzles 62.
- the plate 59 hereinafter referred to as the nozzle plate for short, is preferably axially displaceable on its shaft 58 regardless of the movement of the drum base 23, so that, for example, after a first mechanical discharge movement of the drum base 23, in which the majority of the solids content is brought into the housing 1 with the cooperation of the pneumatic device 46, the inner surface of the drum 16 or the inner surface of the filter medium 18, starting adjacent to the closed end wall 17, continues to the opening edge 19 of the drum 16 can be coated and thus cleaning the inside surface of the drum 16 from residual solids content is successively possible from the inside to the outside.
- the drum base 23 is preferably in the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 2F.
- the plate 59 is moved synchronously with the movement of the drum base 23 in the direction of the opening edge 19 of the drum and / or that the plate 59 with its outlet nozzles 62 brushes the inner surface of the drum 16 several times in order to ensure particularly thorough cleaning to achieve the inner surface of the drum 16 or the filter medium 18.
- the nozzles 52 and 62 shown in FIGS. 1C / 2C and 1F / 2F on the circumferential edge of the drum base 23 and on the circumferential edge of the plate 59 can be used with an appropriate configuration of the supply lines to the almost cylindrical or cylindrical drum wall with the filter medium 18 to be rinsed with a liquid cleaning medium, preferably a solvent.
- the invertible filter centrifuge 110 shown in FIG. 3 comprises a housing 111, which is only schematically indicated and encloses the entire machine tightly, in which a hollow shaft 113 is rotatably mounted in bearings 114 on a stationary machine frame 112.
- the right-hand end (not shown) of the hollow shaft 113 projecting beyond the bearing 114 is connected to a drive motor (also not shown) via which the hollow shaft 113 can be put into rapid circulation.
- a shaft 115 is arranged in the interior of the hollow shaft 113 in a rotationally fixed but displaceable manner. The shaft 115 rotates together with the hollow shaft 113, but is axially displaceable in the latter.
- a pot-shaped centrifugal drum is self-supporting and non-rotatably on the end of the hollow shaft 113 which is located on the left in FIG. 3 and projects beyond the bearing 114
- the drum 116 flanged with its closed end wall 117.
- the drum 116 has a filter medium 118 on its cylindrical drum wall 119.
- the drum 116 is open on its front side 120 opposite the closed end wall 117.
- a drum base 122 is arranged in the drum interior, which is rigid with the displaceable end wall
- a centrifugal chamber cover 124 is rigidly attached to the drum base 122 by means of stud bolts 123, leaving a gap, which tightly closes the centrifugal space of the drum 116 by resting on its opening edge 120 and together with the drum base 122 by axially pushing the shaft 115 out of the hollow shaft 113 the drum 116 can be lifted off.
- the drum 116 can also be axially displaceable relative to the stationary cover 124 for the same purpose. >
- a filling tube 125 is arranged on the front side of the inverting filter centrifuge 110 on the left in FIG. 3, which serves to feed a suspension into the centrifugal space of the drum 116 to be broken down into its solid and liquid components.
- the free end of the filling tube 125 is inserted into the interior of the drum through a central insertion opening 126 of the cover 124 and, after the drum 116 has been filled, is drawn back into the position shown in FIG. 3.
- the insertion opening 126 can be closed by a pinch valve 128 which is formed by a hose 127 and is known per se. Via a line 129 penetrating the shaft 115, the stud bolt 123 and the cover 124, the interior of the hose 127 can be operated with a hydraulic or pneumatic Pressure medium are filled, whereby the pinch valve 128 is closed pressure-tight. This state is shown in Fig. 4.
- the filling pipe 123 in the position according to FIG. 3 can penetrate into a bore 130 of the shaft 115 through the now opened pinch valve 128 in a space-saving manner.
- the pinch valve 128 is designed such that there is practically no friction between the hose 127 and the filling pipe 125 in its open state.
- the pinch valve 128 described can also be replaced by a valve of a different type, for example a ball valve or a slide valve, as long as it is ensured that such a closure element, which rotates together with the drum 116, tightly closes the drum at the insertion opening 126 and, in the opened state, penetration of the Filler tube 125 allowed without friction.
- a valve of a different type for example a ball valve or a slide valve
- the inverting filter centrifuge initially assumes the position shown in FIG. 3.
- the displaceable shaft 115 is retracted into the hollow shaft 113, as a result of which the drum base 122 connected to the shaft 115 lies in the vicinity of the closed end wall 117 of the centrifugal drum 116.
- the centrifugal chamber cover 124 has placed itself tightly on the opening edge 121 of the drum 116.
- the suspension to be filtered is introduced through the filler tube 125 which is pushed through the open pinch valve 128.
- the pinch valve 128 is closed (FIG. 4) and the drum 116, if necessary, set in a faster rotation.
- the liquid constituents of the suspension pass through the filter medium 118 of the drum and are discharged from a baffle plate 131.
- the solid particles of the suspension are stopped by the filter medium 118.
- an overpressure can be generated inside the drum 116 via a line 132 formed in the shaft 115. If necessary, the formation of negative pressure in the interior of the drum is also possible via this line 132. In other cases, the change in the internal pressure in the drum mel 116 also omitted. Nevertheless, it can be important to seal the insertion opening 126 tightly by means of the pinch valve 128 or another closure element.
- the shaft 115 is shifted to the left, as a result of which the drum base 122 moves to the open end face 120 and the filter cake outwards into the housing 111 transported. From there, the solid particles of the filter cake can be easily removed. In this position of the drum 116, the filling tube 125 penetrates into the bore 130 of the shaft 115 without friction through the now opened pinch valve 128.
- the inverting filter centrifuge After the dropping of the solid particles under the influence of the centrifugal force, the inverting filter centrifuge is brought back into its operating position according to FIG. 3 by pushing back the shaft 115. In this way, the centrifuge 110 can be operated with the centrifugal drum 116 rotating continuously and the pressure conditions in the drum 116 can be set as desired.
- FIG. 5 shows a modified embodiment of an inverting filter centrifuge 110.
- the shaft 115 is also designed as a hollow shaft.
- a piston rod-shaped closure element 135 is displaceable into the interior of the drum 116 in such a way that it closes the insertion opening 126 tightly from the inside of the drum.
- a line 133 is formed in the closure element 135, with the aid of which a negative or positive pressure can be generated inside the drum 116.
- the closure element 135 can be actuated hydraulically or pneumatically in a manner known per se.
- the end of the closure element 135 which bears against the inside of the centrifugal chamber cover 124 has a seal 136.
- the closure element 135 is formed at its free front end as a sleeve 137, in the interior of which the end of the filling tube 125 protruding into the drum 116 can penetrate.
- an inverting filter centrifuge 110 works in the same way as previously described with reference to the embodiment according to FIG. 3.
- the filling tube 125 does not have to be pushed back and forth, but can be rigidly connected to the machine frame 112 in this respect.
- the closure element 135 is withdrawn (to the right in FIG. 5) so that the opening of the filler tube 125 is exposed.
- the closure element 137 assumes the position shown in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 6 A completely different solution to the sealing of the cover with respect to the filling tube is shown in FIG. 6 compared to the solution explained in connection with FIGS. 3 to 5.
- the filling pipe 125 is supported in a stationary bearing block 140, which is fixedly connected to the housing 111, but is located outside this housing, with the aid of rotary bearings 141 and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis.
- a drive motor 142 which is preferably designed as an electric motor
- a belt 143 and a pulley 144 which is non-rotatably seated on the filling tube 125
- the filling tube 125 can be set in rotation about its longitudinal axis, which is aligned with the axis of rotation of the drum 116.
- Usual shaft seals 145 seal the outside of the filling tube 125 in the bearing block 140.
- the bearing block 140 has an inlet opening 146 which can be connected to a pipeline and through which the suspension to be filtered can be introduced. The suspension passes directly from the inlet opening 146 into the filling tube 125 and from there into the drum 116.
- a bushing 147 which rotates together with the drum, is firmly inserted into the cover 124 of the drum 116 centrally and coaxially to the axis of rotation of the drum in a filling opening 126.
- an annular, closed, Stical membrane 148 arranged in the vicinity of the free end of the filler pipe 125.
- a pneumatic or hydraulic pressure medium can be introduced via a line 149 running in the wall of the filling tube 125 between the membrane and the outer wall of the filling tube 125 located in the area of the membrane 148.
- the membrane 148 Under the pressure of the medium, the membrane 148 turns radially outward and lies all around against the inner wall of the bushing 147, so that a complete pressure-tight seal is created between the filling pipe 125 and the cover 124 of the drum 116.
- the line 149 opens into an annular recess 150 in the bearing block 140, into which the pressure medium mentioned for the membrane 148 can be introduced via a channel 151.
- FIG. 6 shows the membrane 148 in the upturned state, in which it seals against the bushing 147.
- FIG. 7 shows the same state of the membrane 148 at the top. In FIG. 7 below the membrane is shown in its relaxed, depressurized state, in which, owing to its elasticity, it is smoothly retracted into the above-mentioned recess at the end of the tube 125, so that between the sleeve 147 and the membrane 148 all around there remains a distance which allows the cover 124 to be freely moved over the filling tube 125.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 160 shown in FIG. 8 comprises a schematically indicated housing 161 which tightly encloses the entire machine, in which a hollow shaft 163 is rotatably mounted in bearings 164, 165 on a stationary machine frame 162.
- a drive wheel 166 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the end of the hollow shaft 163 which projects beyond the bearing 165 and via which the hollow shaft 163 is driven by an electric or other motor by means of a V-belt
- the hollow shaft 163 which is rigidly continuous between the bearings 164, 165, has an axially running key groove, indicated by a broken line, in which a wedge piece is located
- a pot-shaped centrifugal drum 171 is flanged to the closed end wall 170 so that it cannot rotate.
- the drum 171 has a filter medium 172 on its cylindrical jacket.
- the drum 171 is open on its end face 173 opposite the closed end wall 170.
- the carrier shaft 169 which penetrates freely through the closed end wall 170 of the drum 171 carries a drum base 174 which rigidly fastens a centrifugal chamber cover 176 via stud bolts 175, leaving a space in between, which in FIG. 8 tightly closes the centrifugal chamber of the drum 171 by resting on its opening edge and together with it the drum base 174 is lifted freely from the drum 171 by axially pushing the carrier shaft 169 out of the hollow shaft 163.
- the drive device which mediates the displacement of the carrier shaft 169 in the hollow shaft 163 and thus the opening and closing of the centrifugal drum 171 and thus the transition between the two operating states will be described in detail later.
- a bushing 177 which has an axially extending slot 178, is flanged rigidly and non-rotatably to the end of the hollow shaft 163 supported by the bearing 165.
- a nut 179 with a radially projecting wedge piece 180 is rigidly connected to the rear end of the support shaft 169 and engages in the keyway 178 so that the wedge piece 180 provides a rotationally fixed connection between the nut 179 and the support shaft 169 on the one hand and the bushing 177 and the hollow shaft 163 on the other hand, however, the nut 179 and thus the carrier shaft 169 are axially displaceable in the bushing 177.
- a screw spindle 181 with a corresponding external thread engages in the internal thread of the nut 179 and is connected to a sleeve 183 in a rotationally fixed but axially displaceable manner via a conventional key connection 182.
- the sleeve 183 is in turn rotatably supported by means of bearings 184, 185 in an end piece 186 flange-mounted on the bushing 177.
- a washer 188 is held on the rear end of the screw spindle 181 projecting beyond the sleeve 183 by means of a nut 187.
- a disc spring 189 Arranged between the rear end face of the sleeve 183 and the disk 188 is a disc spring 189 or the like, which prestresses the screw spindle 181 relative to the sleeve 183 (directed to the right in FIG. 9), the feather key connection 182 mentioned between screw screw 181 and sleeve 183 being a slight one Allows axial movement.
- the plate spring 189 which prestresses the screw spindle 181 and thus also the carrier shaft 169 (to the right in FIG. 9) via the nut 179, has the purpose, in the working phase of centrifuging (FIG. 8), of the cover 176 against hydraulic pressure occurring inside the drum to keep a firm contact at the opening edge of the centrifuge drum 171.
- the screw spindle 181 could also be rotatably mounted directly in the bearings 184 and 185, that is to say without the sleeve 183 being interposed. In this case, the pulley 190 would sit directly on the screw spindle 181 and the plate spring 189 used for the purpose mentioned would be omitted.
- the bushing 177 is rotatably supported by means of the end piece 186 flanged to it in its own rotary bearing 192, which in turn is supported on the machine frame 162 via a stand 193, so that the drive forces exerted by the pulley 190 and the motor 191 in can be caught in the vicinity of the bearing 192.
- the screw spindle 181 If the screw spindle 181 is rotated in one direction or the other via the pulley 190 and the motor 191 relative to the hollow shaft 163 and the bush 177 connected to it, in which the screw spindle 181 is rotatably mounted, the screw spindle 181 shifts because of the engagement into the nut 179 the carrier shaft 169 connected to it in one direction or the other, so that the cover 176 connected to the carrier shaft 169 performs the desired opening or closing movement.
- the relative speed of these parts, in particular the carrier shaft 169, and the screw spindle 181 and, above all, whether the screw spindle 181 is driven at a lower or greater speed than the carrier shaft 169 is important.
- the carrier shaft 169 and screw spindle 181 there is no axial displacement of the carrier shaft 169 in the hollow shaft 163.
- the carrier shaft 169 and screw spindle 181 always rotate (except when opening and closing the drum) in the same direction.
- the carrier shaft 169 and screw spindle 181 in the illustrated embodiment rotate simultaneously and in the same direction, and when an axial displacement of the carrier shaft 169 in the hollow shaft 163 is triggered, only the difference in speed between these parts 169 and 181 in a positive and negative sense is important, even with a relatively large one absolute speed of the screw spindle 181 causes only a relatively small axial stroke of the carrier shaft 169.
- the screw spindle 181 behaves like a screw with a very low pitch (fine thread), which in turn means that only small forces are required for its drive, and therefore the motor 191 driving the screw spindle 181 can be designed to be relatively weak, and indeed when carrier shaft 169 and screw spindle 181 are driven in opposite directions.
- the screw spindle locking arrangement described thus acts like a screw screw (provided with a fine thread) with self-locking, which does not require an additional radial locking.
- FIG. 9 shows the opening state of the centrifugal drum, in which case the carrier shaft 169 is displaced completely to the left by the screw spindle 181 in FIG. 9.
- the carrier shaft 169 has a cavity 194 in front of the nut 179 connected to it, into which the screw spindle 181 enters when the carrier shaft (to the right in FIG. 9) is withdrawn in the course of the closing movement of the centrifugal drum, the nut 179 in the rear extension of the hollow shaft 163 forming sleeve 177 correspondingly.
- the screw spindle can be a spindle without self-locking, which can be achieved, for example, by a conventional ball screw.
- the locking force required for the safe locking of the centrifugal drum 171 is applied by the constantly switched on motor 191, which drives the screw spindle 181 at a lower speed than the electric motor 167, the hollow shaft 163 and thus the carrier shaft 169. It is also possible to use the Motor 191 or on a corresponding section of the screw spindle 181 to act a separate, switchable brake. In particular, if the motor 191 is a frequency-controlled electric motor, this motor itself can serve as a brake.
- the motor 191 only initiates the opening movement of the centrifugal drum 171 when it drives the screw spindle 181 at a higher speed than the centrifugal chamber drum and rotates with it the carrier shaft 169.
- the motor 191 is driven at a constant speed during the centrifuging work phase (FIG. 8), it causes the drum to be locked firmly as long as the speed is greater than the rotational speed of the screw spindle 181. Only when the speed of the centrifugal drum 171 drops below the speed of the screw spindle 181 during the transition to the working phase of the solids discharge does the centrifugal drum open.
- FIG. 10 shows a further modified embodiment of the invention.
- parts that correspond to one another are designated by the same reference symbols as in FIGS. 8 and 9. While in the embodiment according to FIG. 9 the screw spindle 181 is driven in rotation via the belt pulley 190 and the motor 191 in order to shift the carrier shaft 169 in the hollow shaft 163, in the embodiment according to FIG.
- the screw spindle 181 is connected to the carrier shaft 169 in a rotationally fixed manner, and the sleeve 183 designed as a nut has an internal thread which engages with the external thread of the screw spindle 181.
- the sleeve 183 is axially immovable in the end piece 186 and is rotated via the pulley 190 and the motor 191, so that the screw spindle 181 and with it the carrier shaft 169 are axially pushed back and forth, whereby the centrifugal chamber cover 176 is already in the opens or closes as described.
- the screw spindle 181 is axially slidably mounted in a part 195 via a feather key 182, which in turn is firmly connected to the carrier shaft 169.
- the screw spindle 181 is non-rotatably connected to the carrier shaft 169, but can move axially relative to it over a limited distance.
- the disk 197 is held by the nut 196, on which one end of the plate spring 198 is supported.
- the other end of the plate spring 198 lies in the cavity 194 of the carrier shaft 169 on an inner shoulder 199 or the like, so that the plate spring 198, just as in the embodiment according to FIG. 9, strives to pretension the carrier shaft 169 in such a way that in the working phase of centrifuging ( Figure 8) the centrifugal chamber cover 176 is held in fixed contact with the opening edge of the centrifugal drum 171.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 10 represents a "kinematic reversal" to a certain extent. With regard to their function and advantages, both versions correspond to one another.
- sleeve 183 which acts as a rotatingly driven nut in FIG. 10 could also be arranged between stationary machine frame 162 (see FIG. 8) and drum 171, if there the carrier shaft 169 emerging from the hollow shaft 163 is provided with a corresponding external thread which is in engagement with the sleeve acting as a nut.
- the sleeve would be driven by a pulley 190 and a correspondingly arranged motor 191.
- the invertible filter centrifuge 200 shown in sections in FIGS. 11 and 12 comprises a housing 201 in which a hollow shaft 203 is rotatably supported by a roller bearing 204 on a stationary machine frame 202. At least one further roller bearing is located on the side of the machine frame 202, which is no longer shown on the right in FIG. 11.
- the hollow shaft 203 is set in rotation with the aid of drive means (likewise not shown, located on the right in FIG. 12).
- a sliding shaft 205 is slidably guided, wherein, for. B. by a spline-keyway connection, care is taken that the shaft 205 rotates at the same time with this hollow shaft despite its displaceability relative to the hollow shaft 203, so it is rotatably coupled to the latter.
- the displacement shaft 205 is assigned drive means (not shown) which move this shaft axially back and forth as required.
- a pot-shaped centrifugal drum 206 is flanged to the left in FIGS. 11 and 12, projecting beyond the bearing 204, of the hollow shaft 203 in the housing 201 in a rotationally fixed and self-supporting manner, in such a way that a closed end wall 207, which the centrifugal drum 206 has at one end Closes the end face (on the right in FIG. 11), is rigidly connected to the hollow shaft 203.
- the drum 206 has a filter medium 209 on its cylindrical side wall 208.
- the centrifugal drum 206 is open on its end face 210 opposite the end wall 207.
- the displacement shaft 205 carries at its end facing the drum 206 a drum base 212 which is arranged inside the drum and which Bolt 213 is rigidly connected to a drum cover 214, leaving a distance, which in FIG. 11 tightly closes the interior of the drum 206 by resting on its opening edge 211 and in FIG. 12 together with the drum base 212 by axially pushing the displacement shaft 205 out of the hollow shaft 203 is lifted off the centrifugal drum 206.
- a filling tube 215 is rigidly arranged on the housing 201, which serves to supply a suspension to be broken down into its solid and liquid components into the interior of the centrifugal drum 206 (FIG. 11) and in the FIG. 12 shows the operating state of the inverting filter centrifuge penetrating into a bore 216 of the displaceable shaft 205.
- the housing 201 is tightly connected to the machine frame 202 behind the centrifugal drum 206. Furthermore, an annular seal 218 arranged in front of the roller bearing 204 seals off the machine frame 202 from the centrifugal drum 206. In this way, the housing communicating with the interior of the centrifugal drum 206 is tightly separated from the machine frame 202.
- the inverting filter centrifuge initially assumes the position shown in FIG. 11.
- the displacement shaft 205 is retracted into the hollow shaft 203 by appropriate control of the drive means assigned to it, as a result of which the drum base 212, which is fixedly connected to the displacement shaft, lies in the vicinity of the closed end wall 207 of the centrifugal drum 206.
- the drum cover 214 lies tightly on the opening edge of the centrifugal drum 206.
- suspension to be filtered continuously is introduced into the interior of the centrifugal drum 206 via the filling pipe 215.
- the liquid components of the suspension pass through the filter medium 209 and are derived from a shield 217.
- the solid particles of the suspension are held up by the filter medium 209 as a firmly adhering filter cake.
- the centrifugal drum 206 rotates slowly (for example 500 rpm)
- the Shifting shaft 205 advanced to the left (FIG. 12), as a result of which the filter cake made of solid particles is transported outward from the drum base 212 and spun off, from where it is removed.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 200 is brought back into the operating position according to FIG. 11 by pushing back the sliding shaft 205.
- the displacement shaft 205 penetrates into the interior of the centrifugal drum 206. If, during the filtration of sensitive products, for example food or pharmaceuticals, the interior of the centrifugal drum 206 has to be sterilized and kept germ-free, contaminants adhering to the outside of the shift shaft 205, e.g. B. lubricant, from the side of the machine frame 202 into the centrifuge interior so that it becomes contaminated. It would therefore be necessary to re-sterilize the interior of the centrifugal drum after each opening and reclosing of the centrifugal drum.
- B. lubricant e.g. B. lubricant
- the centrifugal drum 206 when the centrifugal drum 206 is opened, the remaining constituents of the suspension can also settle on the outside of the displacement shaft 205 and from there reach the hollow shaft 203 mounted in the machine frame 202, which leads to faults, in particular with regard to the displaceability of the shaft 205 in the Wave 203 can lead.
- this partition is designed as a disk-shaped, essentially circular cylindrical fold membrane 221 in the normal state, which is connected with its outer edge to the outer edge of the end wall 207.
- An inner edge of the fold membrane 221, which surrounds a central opening, is connected to the shift shaft 205 in the immediate vicinity of the drum base 212.
- the fold membrane has an essentially flat shape, with in the plane of the Membrane concentric corrugations are present.
- the centrifugal drum 206 is opened, that is to say when the drum base 212 is advanced by the sliding shaft 205 relative to the closed end wall 207 (FIG. 12), the pleated membrane 221 expands into a conical configuration, the corrugations of the membrane being smoothed out according to FIG.
- the fold membrane 221 consists of a flexible, elastically stretchable and tensionable material, for example rubber.
- the pleated membrane 221 creates a sealing partition between the sliding shaft 205 carrying the drum base 212 and the interior of the centrifugal drum receiving the suspension, so that this interior of the drum is separated from the side of the machine frame 202 such that an exchange of substances is excluded.
- the inverting filter centrifuge shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 differs from the inverting filter centrifuge according to FIGS. 11 and 12 only in that a conventional bellows 222 is provided as a dividing wall in FIGS. 13 and 14, one side of which with the closed end wall 207 and the other side of which Drum base 212 is connected, this drum base 212 having a corresponding protuberance 223 for receiving the collapsed bellows (FIG. 13).
- the expanded bellows 222 separates the interior of the centrifugal drum 206 from the displacement shaft 205 in the same way as the fold membrane 221 in FIGS. 11 and 12.
- a differential pressure monitoring device which monitors the partition for leaks can be assigned to the partition formed in the form of the fold membrane 221 or the bellows 222.
- an overpressure or underpressure Pl is generated with the aid of a pump 224 in a closed space 225.
- the space 225 is connected via a line 226 to the side of the partition wall (folding membrane 221 or bellows 222) facing the machine frame 202 and the sliding shaft 205, so that the pressure Pl prevails.
- the pressure P2 prevails, for example atmospheric pressure.
- a measuring instrument 227 is used to monitor the pressure difference P2-P1.
- the fold membrane 221 acting as a partition and the bellows 222 serving the same purpose are designed as a flexible, stretchable element.
- An extensibility is not absolutely necessary, for example if the partition is designed as a flexible, inextensible cloth which folds or folds up when the drum is closed.
- the corrugations or folds in the fold membrane 221 or a bellows 222 can also be omitted. These elements can therefore be made smooth if the required extensibility results solely from the elastic properties of the material from which the element is made. Instead of a fold membrane, a flat membrane that is more or less flat in the idle state can also be used.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 230 shown in FIG. 15 for processing chemical substances of different weights comprises, in a manner known per se, a drum 234 which is rotatably mounted in a machine housing 232 by means of a shaft 233 and which can be driven by a motor 235 and closed by an axially displaceable cover 236 is.
- a drum base 238 is rigidly connected to the cover 236 via struts 237 and thus moves together with the cover 236.
- the cylindrical wall of the drum 234 is formed over a large area by a filter medium 239.
- the housing 232 consists of a front part 232a and a rear part 232b.
- a substance to be filtered namely a substance consisting of solids and liquids
- the solid Due to the rotation of the drum and the filter medium 239, the solid accumulates on the inside of the filter medium in the form of a so-called cake, while after penetrating the filter medium 239 the liquid reaches the outside of the drum 234 and is collected by a filtrate drain 231.
- the arrangement described including the housing 232, drum 234 and drive motor 235 is rigid in itself and is mounted so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis 243, ie in a vertical plane.
- the axis 243 is in turn arranged on an elastic buffer element 244, which in turn rests on a fixed base 246 connected to the ground 245.
- the elastic buffer element 244 can, for example, be a conventional rubber-metal element and serves to absorb and damp vibrations which can arise from the rotation of the drum 234.
- the axis 243 can also be omitted if the buffer element 244 itself simultaneously allows the arrangement to be pivoted in a vertical plane.
- a force measuring element 248 known per se which is subjected to tension or pressure, for example a load cell, is arranged.
- the entire arrangement thus acts as a kind of beam balance: the substance introduced into the drum 234 via the filling tube 240 loads the side of the centrifuge 230 located on the left of the horizontal axis 243 above the buffer element 244, as a result of which the force measurement located on the right of the axis 243 is loaded - Element 248 is influenced accordingly.
- the weight measured in this way can be displayed on a scale (not shown).
- the container 242 receiving the cake and firmly connected to the ground 245 must be connected to the housing 232 via a slightly flexible, gas-tight coupling device 249, for example in the form of a bellows, so that the left side of the Arrangement can pivot as freely as possible about the horizontal axis 243.
- the processing of the introduced chemical substance i.e. its filtration, is carried out under a certain pressure (positive or negative pressure).
- a. B. inert gas but possibly also air can be introduced into the front part 232a of the housing 232, which is separated in a gas-tight manner by a partition 250 from the rear part 232b of the housing 232.
- the gas pressure prevailing in the machine in the front part 232a of the housing 232 creates an interference force Pi which is directed upwards in the case of excess pressure and downwards in the case of negative pressure and falsifies the weighing process , since it counteracts the downward weight of the substance filled into the drum or apparently increases this weight. It is therefore necessary to compensate for the interference force x in order to achieve an accurate weight measurement.
- a pressure sensor 251 is provided on the housing 232 of the centrifuge 230, which senses the gas pressure inside the machine (housing part 232a).
- the dynamometer 248 of the arrangement is connected via an electrical line 252 to a weight display 253, which includes a pointer 255 playing over a scale 254.
- the pressure sensor 251 is also connected to the weight display 253 via a line 256.
- the weight display 253 contains an electrical device known per se, by means of which the position of the pointer 255 as a function of the gas pressure prevailing in the centrifuge 230 corresponds. Corrected accordingly, so that the pointer 255 each indicates the true weight of the chemical substance fed into the machine or the degree of dehumidification of a filter cake. 15, fluctuating gas pressures in the centrifuge 230 can also be quickly compensated for at any time.
- a further line 257 connects the weight display 253 in a conventional manner to a valve 258 controlling the filling tube 240, so that when a certain filling weight is reached the valve 258 is closed and the flow of further substance into the drum 234 can thus be prevented.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 260 shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 comprises a schematically indicated machine housing 261 which encloses the drive part of the centrifuge (which is not visible on the right in the figures), in which a hollow shaft 263 is rotatably supported in bearings 264, 265 on a stationary machine frame 262 is.
- the hollow shaft 263 can be rapidly rotated by a motor (not shown).
- the hollow shaft 263 extends beyond a partition wall 266 which closes off the machine housing 261 on its front side and has an axially running keyway (likewise not shown) in which a wedge piece 269 is axially displaceable.
- This wedge piece is rigidly connected to a shaft 270 which is displaceable inside the hollow shaft 263.
- the shaft 270 therefore rotates together with the hollow shaft 263, but is axially displaceable in the latter.
- a cup-shaped centrifugal drum 271 with its closed end wall 272 is flanged in a rotationally fixed manner.
- the centrifugal drum 271 has a large-area filter medium 273 on its circular cylindrical side wall.
- the centrifugal drum 271 is open on its end face opposite the end wall 272.
- the shaft 270 At its end facing the drum 271, which freely penetrates the partition wall 266 and the closed end wall of the drum 271, the shaft 270 carries a drum base 274 inside the drum 271, which rigidly supports a centrifugal chamber cover 276 via stud bolts 275, leaving a space free, which in 16 tightly closes the interior of the centrifugal drum 271 by resting on the opening edge 277 thereof.
- the machine housing 261 is adjoined in the region of the centrifugal drum 271 by two housing spaces 278 and 279, which are separated from one another by an annular wall 280 near the opening edge 277 of the centrifugal drum 271.
- the first housing space 278 serves to discharge a filtrate which has penetrated the filter medium 273 of the centrifugal drum 271 and has an outlet opening 267 for this purpose.
- a filter cake deposited on the filter medium can be discharged via an outlet opening 268 in the second housing space 279.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 260 assumes the position shown in FIG. 16.
- the displaceable shaft 270 is retracted into the hollow shaft 263, as a result of which the drum base 274 connected to the shaft 270 lies in the vicinity of the end wall 272 of the centrifugal drum 271.
- the centrifuge chamber cover 276 has placed tightly on the opening edge 277 of the centrifugal drum 271.
- suspension to be filtered is introduced continuously via the filling pipe 281.
- the liquid constituents of the suspension enter the first housing space 278 as a filtrate through the filter medium 273 and are passed there by a baffle plate 282 into a discharge line 283 connected to the outlet opening 267.
- the solid particles the suspension are retained in the form of a filter cake by the filter medium 273.
- the housing space 278 is enclosed by an independent, rigid, annular, preferably approximately circular housing part 284 ("filtrate housing part"), one opening edge of which, with the interposition of a seal (not shown), bears against the partition wall 266 of the machine housing 261, while that of the End wall 280 formed, other opening edge also with the interposition of a seal (not shown) adjacent to the outside of the opening edge 277 of the centrifugal drum 271.
- the outlet opening 267 is formed, which in turn is connected to the discharge line 283 in a sealed manner with the interposition of seals (not shown).
- the housing part 284 can be pivoted about a vertical axis 285, so that it can be transferred from an closed state, in which it encloses the centrifugal drum 271, to an open state.
- FIG. 17 shows the partially open state of the centrifuge 260.
- the housing part 284 can be pivoted further away from the centrifugal drum 271 so that it is accessible, for example for cleaning purposes, completely unhindered by the housing part 284.
- the housing part 278 itself.
- the axis of rotation 285 is received in a hinge-like manner by projections 286, 287, which are rigidly arranged on the housing part 284 or on the machine housing 261 (partition wall 266).
- the second housing space 279 adjoining it is enclosed by a rigid, pot-shaped, essentially cylindrical housing part 288 (“solid housing part”).
- the housing part 288 has a closed end wall 289 with a passage opening for the filler pipe 281 and an opening edge opposite the end wall, which lies sealingly against the first housing part 284.
- the second housing part 288 is also pivotable about a vertical axis 290 (FIG. 17) which runs through projections 291, 292 on the housing part 288 or on the machine housing 261 (partition wall 266).
- the housing part 288 can also be pivoted further beyond the opening position shown in FIG.
- the housing part 288 has on its underside the outlet opening 268, which (in a manner not shown) is connected to the discharge line 293 in a sealed manner.
- the outlet openings 267, 268 are sealed on the housing parts 284, 288 in such a way that the pivoting of the housing parts 284, 288 is not hindered, for example by sliding seals.
- the transfer of the housing parts 284, 288 from the closed to the open state is preferably carried out when the centrifuge chamber cover 276 is closed, which is only lifted off the centrifugal drum 271 when the housing parts 284, 288 have been pivoted far enough.
- the housing parts 284, 288 can also be dimensioned such that they can be transferred from the closed to the open state even when the centrifugal chamber cover 276 is lifted off.
- first the second housing part 288 and then the first housing part 284 are transferred from the closed to the open state.
- the first is reversed Housing part 284 brought into tight contact with the machine housing 261, whereupon the second housing part 288 is connected to the first housing part 284 in a sealed manner by pivoting (FIG. 16).
- the filling tube 281 which is designed to be removable for this purpose, is removed.
- the filling tube 281 can also be firmly connected to the second housing part 288, in such a way that when the housing part 288 is opened it detaches from its inlet opening on the centrifugal chamber cover 276 and is pivoted away together with the housing part 288.
- a suspension feed line connected to the fill tube 276 outside the housing part 288 must be removed from the fill tube, or this feed line must be flexible.
- the filtrate housing 284 and the solid housing 288 are connected to one another by a “gas suspension line” 294 running outside the housing, which contains a shut-off valve 295 in the case shown.
- this shut-off valve 295 is missing, so that during normal operation with the centrifuge, when pressure differences of the type mentioned above occur, pressure equalization between the filtrate housing part 284 and the solid housing part 288 can take place, in both directions. Foreign particles can of course get from one housing to the other because of the missing shut-off valve 295.
- the shut-off valve 295 is provided in the gas suspension line 294 and is kept closed during the generation of this overpressure.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 show the annular gap 296 between the annular wall 280 and the edge of the sluice corresponding to the circular area X in FIG. 16.
- a gas flow directed in the direction of arrow I into the filtrate space 278 is generated, air, for example, being able to serve as a barrier medium.
- a flow of gaseous barrier medium is caused through the annular gap 296 in the direction of arrow II.
- the problems described above can be avoided if a flow of a barrier medium is established in the annular gap 296.
- the flow of the gaseous barrier medium in the annular gap 296 in the desired direction can be generated either by positive pressure or by negative pressure in one of the spaces forming the filtrate housing or the solid housing. Combinations of overpressure and underpressure in these rooms are also possible.
- the gaseous barrier medium can also be fed directly into the annular gap 296 and from there directly diverted into the relevant housing space. It is particularly advantageous if the gas supplied is introduced both into the filtrate housing 278 and into the solid housing 279, as shown in FIG. 18A, and in this way achieves a double sealing effect against foreign material particles which are transferred.
- 18A shows schematically two gas supply lines 298, 299 in the partition 280 for this purpose. In practice, numerous such lines 298, 299 go radially inside the partition 280, for example. B. from a common ring line and open into the annular gap 296, where they generate the desired sealing gas flows in the directions I and II.
- the ring line is connected to a gas source (pump) (not shown).
- a gas source pump
- a single line 300 is provided in the partition 280, which in turn, for. B. can be thought of as a radial branch of a centrifugal drum enclosing the centrifugal drum 271 connected to a pump.
- the two flows of the barrier medium in directions I and II each start from a single opening in opposite directions.
- the annular gap 296 in FIG. 19A in turn contains two ring-shaped sealing strips 297 which surround the drum 271 and are fastened in the partition wall 280.
- the blocking medium is introduced via line 300 between the sealing strips 297. It is also possible not to direct the introduction of the gaseous blocking medium into the annular gap 296 according to FIGS. 18A and 19A in both directions I and II, but depending on the working state of the inverting filter centrifuge either only in direction I or only in direction II.
- the gas flows shown in FIGS. 18A and 19A and flowing in directions I and II can be generated either by overpressure in lines 298, 299, 300 or by underpressure in the respective flow-receiving spaces, namely either the filtrate space 278 or the solid space 279.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 301 shown in FIG. 20 comprises a rotatably mounted hollow shaft 303 in a machine housing 302, which can be set in rapid circulation by means of a motor (not shown).
- the hollow shaft 303 extends beyond a partition 304 which closes off the machine housing 302 on its front side and has an axially running keyway (also not shown) in which a wedge piece 305 is axially displaceable.
- This wedge piece 305 is rigidly displaceable in the interior of the hollow shaft 303.
- Bare shaft 306 connected, which thus rotates together with the hollow shaft 303, but is axially displaceable in this.
- a pot-shaped centrifugal drum 307 is flanged in a rotationally fixed manner.
- the centrifugal drum 307 has radially extending passage openings on its circular cylindrical side wall.
- the drum 307 is closed on one side by an end wall 308 and is open on its end side opposite the end wall 308.
- a drum base 311 is rigidly connected to the displaceable shaft 306, which freely penetrates the end wall 308.
- a centrifugal chamber cover 313 is rigidly fastened to the drum base 311 via stud bolts 312, leaving a space free, which tightly closes the interior of the centrifugal drum 307 in FIG. 20 and together with the drum base 311 by axially pushing the shaft 306 out of the hollow shaft 303 free of the centrifugal drum 307 is lifted off.
- the cylindrical wall of the drum 307 is largely formed by a filter medium 309.
- the closed centrifugal drum 307 rotates in a certain section of the machine housing 302.
- Liquid (filtrate) which is pressed out of the centrifugal drum 307, enters a discharge line 314, which is flexibly connected to the machine housing 302 via a bellows 315.
- the discharge line 314 can be closed by a shut-off valve 316.
- This section of the machine housing 302 is flexibly connected to a solids dryer 310 via a bellows 317.
- the solids dryer 310 can be sealed against the machine housing 302 by a shut-off valve 318.
- the actual solids dryer 310 which receives the centrifuged and optionally comminuted solid 320 comprises a container 321 which is separated by a z. B. electric heater 322 can be heated. The heat is transferred to the solid 320 by thermal contact, as a result of which the solid 320 is subjected to drying.
- the container 321 can be closed on its underside by a pivotable flap 323 which is provided with continuous perforations 324.
- the flap 323 When the flap 323 is open, the dried solid 320 passes into a further container 325, the outlet of which can optionally be tightly closed by a shut-off valve 326.
- a product receptacle can be connected to the outlet of the container 325, into which the fully dried solid 320 is filled when the shut-off valve 326 is open.
- the container 325 has an inlet connection 327 for dry gas, which flows through the perforations 324 of the flap 323, the solid 320 in the container 321 and flows out via a line 328.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 301 is further provided with a filling tube 329, which serves to supply a suspension to be broken down into its solid and liquid components into the interior of the centrifugal drum 307 (FIG. 20) and in the operating state in which the lid 313 is lifted off and the drum base 311 is extended, penetrates into a bore 331 of the displaceable shaft 306, the displacement of the shaft 306 and thus the opening and closing of the centrifugal drum 307 via drive motors (not shown, on the drawing on the right), e.g. B. hydraulic.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 301 assumes the position shown in FIG. 20.
- the displaceable shaft 306 is retracted into the hollow shaft 303.
- the centrifuge chamber cover 313 closes the open end face of the centrifugal drum 307.
- suspension to be filtered is introduced via the filling pipe 329.
- the liquid constituents of the suspension enter the machine housing 302 as filtrate through the filter medium 309 in the drum jacket and are passed there into the discharge line 314.
- the solid particles of the suspension are retained in the form of a filter cake by the filter medium 309.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 301 is brought back into the operating position according to FIG. 20 by pushing back the shaft 306. In this way, operation of the inverting filter centrifuge 301 with a continuously rotating centrifugal drum 307 is possible.
- the arrangement described including machine housing 302 and centrifugal drum 307, is rigid in itself and is pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis of rotation 332.
- the axis 332 is in turn arranged on an elastic buffer element 333, which in turn on a stationary, for. B. base 334 connected to the ground.
- a force measuring element 335 is arranged between the machine housing 302 and the base 334 at a distance from the axis of rotation 332.
- the whole arrangement acts as a kind Bar scale:
- the substance introduced into the centrifugal drum 307 via the filling tube 329 places a load on the side of the inverting filter centrifuge 301 to the left of the axis of rotation 332, which has a corresponding effect on the force measuring element 335 on the right of the axis of rotation 332, which can be subjected to tension, for example becomes.
- the weight measured in this way can be used for checking the filling quantity of the centrifugal drum 307.
- the force measuring element 335 can also be used as a sensor for the present degree of dehumidification of the solid, since the spun off liquid leads to a reduction in weight.
- bellows 315, 317 on the filtrate discharge line 314 and solid dryer 310 prevent a disturbance in the weight measurement because they decouple the "beam balance" from the stationary parts 314 and 310.
- a decoupling device - not visible in the drawing - is of course also provided on the filling pipe 329, for example in the form of a bellows-like hose which is located outside the machine housing 301 and forms part of the filling pipe 329.
- the filling pipe 329 is connected to a line 341, via which a gas can be introduced into the interior of the centrifugal drum 307.
- a gas can be introduced into the centrifugal drum 307 in a gastight manner via a rotatable seal 342.
- a gas under relatively high pressure can be introduced into the interior of the centrifugal drum 307, which serves to blow through the capillaries, which are still filled with moisture, of the solid (filter cake) adhering to the filter medium 309.
- a drying gas preheated to a certain temperature can also be introduced into the closed centrifugal drum 307 via line 341 and flows through the filter cake and dries the solid.
- the exhaust gas which has penetrated the solid is discharged via an outlet connection 343 and a line 344.
- the purely mechanical spin drying can be combined with drying by convection can be combined with the help of a flowing gas. It is also possible to pressurize the filter cake with compressed gas to blow free its capillaries.
- the line 341 which contains a shut-off valve 345, is connected at its end opposite the filling pipe 329 to a device 346 for supplying the gases serving the stated purposes.
- the device 346 contains (in a manner known per se and not shown), in addition to a gas source, in particular a compressor and heating devices in order to bring the gas supplied via the filling pipe 329 to the desired pressure and the desired temperature.
- the device 346 also serves to reprocess the exhaust gas supplied via the line 344.
- the device 346 contains, in a manner known per se, in particular dehumidification devices (condensers), filter devices, gas washing devices, adsorption devices and the like.
- the processed gas is recirculated to the inverting filter centrifuge 301 via line 341.
- drying gas can be introduced from the device 346 into the solids dryer 310, where it penetrates the solids 320, dries and is discharged via the line 328.
- the line 328 transports the exhaust gas laden with moisture back to the device 346 in the manner shown in the drawing, where it is reprocessed and returned to the solids dryer 310 via the line 347 in a circuit.
- the line 328 contains a filter 351 in the flow path behind the solids dryer 310 for separating pollutants.
- the filter 351 can be backwashed via a line 352 with a valve 353 branched off from the line 341.
- a valve 354 provided in line 328 is closed during backwashing.
- a line 356 with valve 357 branches off, which contains a vacuum pump 358 (suction pump) and returns to device 346, so that gas drawn off from vacuum pump 358 also branches off can be reprocessed there.
- valves 353, 355 and open valves 354, 357 With closed valves 353, 355 and open valves 354, 357, a vacuum (negative pressure) can thus be generated in the container 321 of the solids dryer 310, which promotes the dehumidification of the solid 320 in the container 321.
- valve 348 in line 347 is normally closed.
- the solid 320 in the container 321 can also be subjected to a pressure swing via the line 328, which leads to a deagglomeration or comminution of the solid 320.
- the reason for this is the vapor pressure generated in the agglomerated solid 320.
- the valve 354 in line 328 and the valve 348 in line 347 are alternately opened and closed under the vacuum conditions described above.
- valves 354 and 348 are connected to corresponding control devices 361 and 362, respectively.
- the system shown in the drawing contains, in addition to the sensor already mentioned, designed as a force measuring element 335 and used, for example, to determine the degree of dehumidification, further sensors:
- a sensor 363 is arranged on the line 347, which is used to measure the pressure and / or temperature of the Dry gas supplied via this line 347 is used.
- a sensor 365 on the liquid discharge line 314 is used to determine the flow rate and / or the pH of the filtrate.
- a sensor 366 on the shaft 303 of the inverting filter centrifuge 301 is used to measure the rotational speed of the centrifugal drum 307.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas and the amount of moisture contained in it can be determined via a sensor 367 in the exhaust line 344.
- a sensor 368 in line 341 is used to determine the pressure and the humidity of the gas supplied to the centrifugal drum 307 via the filling pipe 329.
- a sensor 369 for sensing the inflow quantity and / or the temperature of the supplied suspension is arranged on the filling pipe 329.
- All of these sensors, to which further sensors can be connected if necessary, are connected via lines, which are not shown in the drawing for the sake of clarity, to a control device 371 which is connected to the device 346 for supplying and reprocessing the required gases .
- This control device 371 is programmable in a manner known per se, so that the operating sequence of the arrangement described can be automatically controlled in a controlled, self-regulating manner, in particular the duration and intensity of the drying processes taking place in detail, that is to say for example the duration of the spinning process or the Duration of supply of dry gas is adjusted accordingly via line 347. Details of these control processes are explained below.
- drying in a fluidized bed or fly layer can also be carried out in addition to the drying processes in the solids dryer 310, which is caused by drying gas which is at a correspondingly high pressure is supplied via line 347, is generated in the container 321 of the solids dryer 310. Because of the separation of the two systems by the shut-off valve 318, the processes in the solid-state dryer 310 also do not influence, for example, gravimetric or radiometric (g-rays) filling control of the centrifugal drum 307 and possibly a gas stream introduced into the machine housing 301 for the purpose of sealing ,
- the gases supplied via lines 341 and 347 are returned via lines 344 and 328 and reused after processing in device 346, there is a particularly favorable option for the gases concerned to be useful and energy-saving, i.e. economical to divide between the two systems of the inverting filter centrifuge 301 and the solids dryer 310.
- the steps of filling, intermediate spinning, washing and final spinning, optionally spinning under pressure are carried out in a first section. This section will cover everyone Steps, except spin under pressure, no gas and only a small amount of gas required for pressure spin.
- gas flows through the solids (filter cake) in the inverting filter centrifuge 301 for the purpose of convective drying.
- the drying result depends on the condition of the gas (humidity, temperature) as well as the amount of gas and the flow rate. A relatively large amount of gas is required in this section.
- the optimal splitting into the individual drying sections both in the inverting filter centrifuge 301 and in the solids dryer 310 is achieved by a self-controlling process in the sense of a control loop, as described above, whereby, as also already stated, several sensors and the control device 371, the with the device 346 supplying the dry gas is used.
- the smallest possible total time for the total separation of liquid and solid, including dehumidification and drying of the solid can be achieved, namely if the dehumidification and drying processes in the inverting filter centrifuge 301 and in the solids dryer 310 by the sensors, which are based on temperature, humidity, weight, flow rate, pressure, etc. address, be continuously monitored.
- the measured values are then constantly compared with the target values for dehumidification and drying to be achieved both in the inverting filter centrifuge 301 and in the solids dryer 310.
- the target values for their part are based on known or ascertained data which are decisive for economical dehumidification and drying.
- the drying process in the solids dryer 310 is ended and at the same time the drying process in the inverting filter centrifuge 301 is interrupted.
- the solids dryer 310 is emptied by opening the flap 323, and new, pre-dried solids are transferred from the inverting filter centrifuge 301 into the solids dryer 310.
- the drying result in the inverting filter centrifuge 301 can e.g. B. improved by an increase in gas throughput in the centrifugal drum 307, an increase in temperature of the drying gas, etc. become.
- the speed of the centrifuge can also be increased to improve mechanical drying (dewatering). This allows the solid dryer to be supplied with a more pre-dried product, which can then be dried in the solid dryer in a shorter time. As a result, the operating times of the inverting filter centrifuge and the solids dryer are harmoniously coordinated.
- the operating parameters of the solids dryer 310 can be changed accordingly. It is also possible to change the operating parameters of both the inverting filter centrifuge 301 and the solids dryer 310 in order to achieve a harmonious or synergetic interaction between these two devices.
- the systems formed by the inverting filter centrifuge 301 and the solids dryer 310 optimize themselves with the objective of e.g. B. a minimum total operating time, the proportions of the dehumidification achieved mechanically by centrifugation and the dehumidification carried out thermally by dry gas from batch to batch can vary considerably from one another in terms of time and results.
- the operating sequence of the system consisting of the inverting filter centrifuge 301 and the solids dryer 310 can in principle also be controlled in such a way that fixed, e.g. B. specifies times determined for the respective product by tests, and interrupts the dehumidification and drying processes in the inverting filter centrifuge 301 and in the solids dryer 310 after the respective expiry of these times. It is possible, for. B. a division of the dehumidification and drying times in invertible filter centrifuge 301 and solid dryer 310 in a ratio of 1: 1 or in other ratios, depending on the existing operating conditions and target values to be achieved while observing the most economical and rational way of working.
- FIGS. 21 to 23 show further variants of inverting filter centrifuges with optimal weight measurement.
- the inverting filter centrifuge 401 shown schematically in FIG. 21, which is used to process suspensions of different weights, comprises in a known manner a drum 404 rotatably mounted in a machine housing 402 on a shaft 403, which can be driven in rotation by a motor 405 and closed by an axially displaceable cover 406 is.
- a drum base 408 is rigidly connected to the cover 406 via struts 407 and moves together with the cover 406.
- the housing 402 consists of a front part 402a and a rear part 402b, which are separated from one another in a gas-tight manner by a partition wall 422.
- a substance to be filtered namely a suspension consisting of solid and liquid
- a filling pipe 411 Due to the rotation of the drum 404, the solid accumulates on the inside of a filter medium 409, which largely forms the cylinder wall of the drum 404, in the form of a so-called "cake", while the liquid after penetrating the filter medium 409 on the outside of the drum arrives and is collected by a filtrate drain 412.
- the axis of rotation 414 is in turn arranged on elastic buffer elements 415, which rest on a fixed base 417 connected to the ground 416.
- the buffer elements 415 can, for example, be conventional rubber-metal elements and serve to absorb and dampen vibrations which can arise from the rotation of the drum 404.
- the axis of rotation 414 can be omitted materially if the buffer elements 415 themselves simultaneously allow the arrangement to be pivoted in a vertical plane.
- a force measuring element 419 known per se which can be subjected to tension or pressure, for example a load cell.
- the entire arrangement thus acts like a kind of beam balance: the suspension introduced into the drum 404 via the filling tube 411 loads the side of the centrifuge 401 located to the left of the horizontal axis of rotation 414, which has a corresponding effect on the force measuring element 419 located on the right of the axis of rotation 414 ,
- the force measuring element 419 is connected via an electrical line 434 to a e.g. measured value display 435, which is calibrated in units of weight or level, which comprises a pointer 437 playing over a scale 436.
- the machine housing 402 is connected to the container 413 via a flexible, gas-tight coupling device 421, for example a bellows, so that the left-hand side of the arrangement can freely rotate can pivot the axis of rotation 414.
- a line 410 connected to the filling pipe 411 for feeding the suspension is also provided in a corresponding manner with a flexible line piece 430 in order to also allow a trouble-free pivoting of the arrangement about the axis of rotation 414.
- the force P 2 acts as an interference force falsifying the weight measurement.
- the force P 2 follows from the formula above
- the disturbing force P 2 is, of course, a direct function of the force Pi, which is directly dependent on the positive or negative pressure introduced, and the aim is to eliminate the influence of this disturbing force P 2 .
- the filling pipe 411 is rigidly connected at its point of introduction into the machine housing 402 to an elbow 441, which in turn is connected to the flexible pipe section 430 of the pipe 410.
- the angle of curvature of the elbow 441 is chosen so that when an overpressure or underpressure is introduced, the line of action 450 indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 22 of the resultant force Pi, indicated by the double arrow 440, intersects the axis of rotation 414.
- the torque arm a shown in FIG. 21 thus becomes zero and, according to the above formula (2), the interference force P 2 also disappears, so that an unobstructed weight measurement can take place.
- FIG. 23 shows an embodiment modified in comparison with FIG. 22, in that the filling pipe 411 is extended and bent twice at right angles over the machine housing 402, on which it is supported by a stand 442.
- the vertically upward-curved end of the filling tube 411 which in turn is connected to the line 410 via the flexible line piece 430, is such that its axis, as indicated by dash-dotted lines, intersects the axis of rotation 414.
Landscapes
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02719876A EP1372862A1 (de) | 2001-03-28 | 2002-02-20 | Schubzentrifuge |
JP2002577106A JP2004528166A (ja) | 2001-03-28 | 2002-02-20 | 反転可能なフィルタ遠心装置 |
US10/673,117 US20040108281A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2003-09-26 | Invertible filter centrifuge |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10115381A DE10115381A1 (de) | 2001-03-28 | 2001-03-28 | Stülpfilterzentrifuge |
DE10115381.3 | 2001-03-28 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/673,117 Continuation US20040108281A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2003-09-26 | Invertible filter centrifuge |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002078852A1 true WO2002078852A1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
Family
ID=7679448
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/001773 WO2002078852A1 (de) | 2001-03-28 | 2002-02-20 | Schubzentrifuge |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040108281A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1372862A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004528166A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1520338A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10115381A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW586969B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002078852A1 (de) |
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WO2006133859A2 (de) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-21 | Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh | Verbesserte zentrifugenvorrichtung zur vermeidung von cross-kontamination |
WO2007096044A2 (de) * | 2006-02-22 | 2007-08-30 | Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh | Verfahren für den betrieb einer zentrifuge |
WO2008104535A2 (de) | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Richard Denk | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontaminationsfreien beschicken und entleeren |
CN109046808A (zh) * | 2018-10-11 | 2018-12-21 | 张家港市蓝鸟机械有限公司 | 一种立式刮刀离心机进料处理装置 |
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- 2002-02-20 JP JP2002577106A patent/JP2004528166A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-20 CN CNA028075323A patent/CN1520338A/zh active Pending
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DE10311997A1 (de) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-10-07 | Johannes Gerteis | Stülpfilterzentrifuge |
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WO2006133859A3 (de) * | 2005-06-15 | 2007-03-08 | Fima Maschb Gmbh | Verbesserte zentrifugenvorrichtung zur vermeidung von cross-kontamination |
WO2007096044A2 (de) * | 2006-02-22 | 2007-08-30 | Fima Maschinenbau Gmbh | Verfahren für den betrieb einer zentrifuge |
WO2007096044A3 (de) * | 2006-02-22 | 2007-11-08 | Fima Maschb Gmbh | Verfahren für den betrieb einer zentrifuge |
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WO2008104535A2 (de) | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Richard Denk | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontaminationsfreien beschicken und entleeren |
WO2008104535A3 (de) * | 2007-02-28 | 2009-03-05 | Richard Denk | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontaminationsfreien beschicken und entleeren |
CN109046808A (zh) * | 2018-10-11 | 2018-12-21 | 张家港市蓝鸟机械有限公司 | 一种立式刮刀离心机进料处理装置 |
CN109046808B (zh) * | 2018-10-11 | 2023-12-19 | 江苏蓝鸟离心机制造有限公司 | 一种立式刮刀离心机进料处理装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW586969B (en) | 2004-05-11 |
DE10115381A1 (de) | 2002-10-24 |
JP2004528166A (ja) | 2004-09-16 |
CN1520338A (zh) | 2004-08-11 |
US20040108281A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
EP1372862A1 (de) | 2004-01-02 |
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