TW586969B - Invertible filter centrifuge - Google Patents

Abstract

A new type of invertible filter centrifuge is proposed, where a more compact construction is obtained and where the solids component is discharged substantially independently of its moisture content. The new type of invertible filter centrifuge has no filter cloth and comprises a centrifuging drum mounted rotatably in a drum housing with a drum wall enclosing a stationary, dimensionally stable filtering medium, a shaft driving the drum in rotation, a cover sealingly closing the open end of the drum at the edge of the drum, a feed means for suspension to be filtered, with a filling pipe leading into the interior of the drum, and a drum base arranged in the interior of the drum, the drum base and filtering medium or wall of the drum being axially displaceable relative to each other in order to discharge the solid constituent mechanically from the drum.

Description

586969 V. Description of the invention (1) Field of the invention The present invention relates to a new type of reversible filter centrifuge 5 which can be obtained-a smaller structure 9 and wherein the solid pm body composition can be included in its humidity. \\ Off the ground is discharged. 0 The technical description of the conventional structure of the reversible filter: Centrifuge 5 cases. As disclosed in DE 27 10 624, it includes a centrifuge drum which is rotatably installed in A drum member housing 5 A shaft which is combined with the closed end of the drum member and rotates the drum member 5 A cover which closes the opening of the drum member in a sealed manner 丄 山 m A feeding device is used to make the suspension liquid ^ JEL The filter 9 has a filling tube leading to the inside of the drum member 9 and— * filter cloths can be inserted into the drum member? On the one hand, the filter cloth is fixed to the drum member, The opening □ end J of the edge drum piece and on the other hand is bonded to the base of the drum piece close to the closed wall of the filtering drum piece. 0 During the centrifugation, the suspension to be filtered is fed into the inside of the drum piece, so that The separated filter CI3Lm will pass through the filter cloth and the wall of the drum, and the solid content of the suspension is deposited as a filter on the filter cloth on the inside of the drum. This block can be easily The method of mechanically ejecting the drum member is to open the drum member and move the base of the drum member and attach the filter cloth thereon toward the opening of the drum member. The base of the drum member slides out of the drum member far enough. 9 The filter cloth is finally turned inside out and turned inside out. Move the filter block together and pop it out. The conventional reversible filter centrifugal machine has its limit 5 that collides with the filter cloth. Suspension filtered -3 must be filtered because the filter cloth only at a certain one pole

586969 V. Description of the invention (2) Within the limit. The casing surrounding the drum member must also be large enough so that the entire turning movement can be performed, that is, the distance that the base of the drum member can move out of the drum member is equal to the axial length of the drum member. Another way to replace the above-mentioned reversible filter centrifuge is that the drum of a centrifugal machine (e.g. EP 0 454 045) has a conical enlarged wall made of a metal filter medium, and the filter block can be directly deposited thereon. Because there is no filter cloth to separate the filter block from the drum wall and carry it to the outside, a pneumatic device must be provided, which can separate the filter block from the drum wall with the help of the taper of the wall and transport it. To an annular channel arranged near the edge of the open end of the drum. One problem with this centrifuge is that it guarantees that the filter block will pop out satisfactorily only if the filter block must be dried to a high degree beforehand. However, there are often situations where the dryness of the filter block makes simple pneumatic exhausting cumbersome and energy-consuming, or it is completely impossible due to the nature of the material, so in these cases, a centrifuge with a filter cloth Provides considerable advantages. A centrifuge with a metal filter medium and a pneumatic exhaust in the drum wall is shorter than a reversible filter centrifuge on the other hand, but this advantage still does not make up for the above disadvantages. The summary of the invention explains the problem of the invention, starting with a reversible filter centrifuge, which is first modified to obtain a smaller structure, and secondly, the solid content can be discharged regardless of its moisture content .

586969 V. Description of the invention (4) A smaller, shorter centrifuge structure can be completed, similar to the above-mentioned centrifuge with pneumatic exhaust of filter block. However, since the filter block is still discharged mechanically, the disadvantages of this machine cannot be applied. Alternatively, instead of moving the base of the drum member relative to the stationary wall of the drum member, the wall of the drum member may be moved relative to the base of the drum member, or both elements may be moved simultaneously in the axial direction relative to each other. All the following descriptions and explanations will be based on the first scheme, that is, the drum base is moved. However, it can be equally applied to both schemes, the relative movement of the drum base and the drum wall. Another result of not using a filter cloth and moving the base of the drum member a short distance is that a suspension with high mobility even at high temperatures can be processed in a centrifuge. In order for the filter block to be discharged as far as possible without leaving a residue, the diameter of the base of the drum member is preferably only slightly smaller than the diameter of the drum member inside its closed end wall. When the base of the drum is extended to expel solids, a small amount of residue may still adhere to the drum wall. In the event that the solid content is very dry, it can be discharged almost completely due to the mechanical movement of the base of the drum. It is best to use a filtering medium that is self-supporting and does not require any additional support to maintain its dimensional stability. The dimensional stability of the drum wall or filter medium forming at least a large part of the wall is important because the wall does not deform, especially when the filter block is discharged. This deformation will cause non-

586969 V. Description of the invention (5) A large amount of solid residue or filter block residue required is left in the drum. Self-supported filter media are also advantageous because the available area of the drum can be maximized and no wall deformation will occur even during actual centrifugation. Filter media suitable for cloth-free reversible filter centrifuges are metal, ceramic or plastic media, or media made from a mixture of these materials. For example, multi-layer base screens with the screen width increasing outward are suitable for use. In a preferred clothless reversible filter centrifuge according to the present invention, the drainage of the filter block can be separated and discharged by the assistance of a pneumatic device. Filter the residue of the block. The above-mentioned pneumatic device for separating and discharging the residue of the filter block is preferably a device capable of generating an air flow in the axial direction of the drum member. First, the airflow can be arranged parallel to the axis or slightly inclined to the wall of the drum member, so there is a residue of the airflow component that can separate the filter block, and secondly, the separated residue can be simultaneously delivered to the open end of the drum member. In addition, the air flow from the pneumatic device can also act on the drum in a radial direction. The air current blowing on the drum member in the radial direction can particularly promote the separation of the residue of the filter block from the filter medium or the wall of the drum member formed by the filter medium. Especially the combination of axial and radial airflow provides excellent cleaning effect for separating and removing the residue from the filter block. The pneumatic device can be configured to be stationary relative to the drum wall, and the pneumatic device preferably starts from the closed end wall and continuously faces the opening of the drum member

586969 V. Description of the invention (6) End, so that the residue of the filter block can be continuously taken away from the closed end wall toward the open end of the drum. Alternatively, the pneumatic device and the drum wall may be moved relative to each other in the axial direction of the drum member. The relative movement of the pneumatic device and the drum wall can produce the same effect as described above with a controllable nozzle. A particularly preferred pneumatic device is one capable of generating a pulsed airflow, which is quite effective when the residue of the filter block is separated from the drum wall. The amount of air used can also be reduced. In another preferred pneumatic device, a nozzle outlet with airflow is provided, which can be rotated from the wall of the drum member at different speeds, so that a completely uniform airflow or individual airflow from the nozzle can be obtained to the wall of the drum member, and Filter media in all parts of the wall surface. In a particularly preferred pneumatic device, the nozzle exit of the air stream is inside the drum member, and these are preferably added to the base of the drum member. In order to make the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge easy to clean, the outlet can be provided on the inside of the drum, and the wall of the drum is washed with a liquid detergent, especially a solvent, especially located there. Filter media. In order to ensure the separation from the environment, especially the environment of the machine, there is a seal on the peripheral surface of the drum base. When the drum base is located near the closed end of the drum, In the retracted position, it can be tightly sealed against the drum wall. This prevents the suspension from entering the back of the base of the drum. When the filter block is removed from the drum piece of the clothless reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention

586969 V. Description of the invention (7) When discharging, the cover must first be removed from the free end of the drum. During the centrifugation, the lid, on the other hand, seals snugly against the free end of the drum member and rotates with it. In a simple construction that can fit both of these conditions, the lid is firmly connected to the base of the drum member by the spacer. Therefore, when the base of the drum member slides forward at the beginning of the mechanical cleaning or the mechanical discharge of the filter block, the lid is opened as it is, and the mechanically discharged filter block can be thrown from the open end of the drum member. In a more expensive construction, the lid can be removed from the free end independently of the base of the drum, which has the advantage that the distance the lid has to move to open the drum is made more mechanically discharged than the base of the drum on the filter block The distance traveled is short. A smaller centrifugal mechanism is thus made possible. When viewed from the axial direction of the drum member, when the drum member is pulled back a short distance at the beginning of the discharging step, the lid may be configured to be stationary, for example, so that there is sufficient space between the lid and the open end of the drum member, When the base of the piece then slides forward, the filter block material can run out of the drum piece. A preferred clothless reversible filter centrifuge has a drum shell which is taperedly enlarged in a direction from the open end of the drum member to the closed end wall. In this way, the liquid filtrate leaving the drum member is discharged from the open end of the drum member, and the solid filter block is also mechanically discharged therefrom in the subsequent discharging step. Thus, a three-dimensional space can be formed between the filter outlet on the one hand and the portion of the filter housing chamber that receives the filter block or filter block material. Again, the drum wall is similarly made slightly tapered, but here it is suggested to be tapered in the reverse direction, that is, the drum wall is enlarged toward the open end of the drum member. This can be 586969 V. Description of the invention (8) Make the base of the drum piece have a small error relative to the closed end wall, and when the base of the drum piece is removed from the drum piece, even if the filter block is easy to form, the drum can be avoided Piece base blocked. There are many ways to place the suspension to be filtered into the interior of the closed drum. EP 0 454 045 discloses a method for guiding a suspension into a drum member via a drive shaft. According to the present invention, it is preferable to provide a cover for the drum member with an opening and make the feeding tube as a filling tube which passes through the cover and is introduced into the drum member during centrifugation. The filling tube can be guided freely through the opening, and even during the centrifugation operation, contact between the tube and the opening can be avoided. In blast furnace centrifuges, it is sometimes desirable to apply a gas to the drum member at an upward pressure (such as hot steam) to increase the hydraulic pressure raised in the centrifugal force field, or to blow air through a filter block to dry it, or Subject to steam scrubbing. Alternatively, the drum member may be subjected to a down force. In order to have the opportunity to subject the centrifugal chamber surrounded by the drum to the upper or lower pressure to assist the filtration process or the drying process of the filter block, the filling tube is connected in a preferred clothless reversible filter centrifuge To the pressure or low pressure source to change the pressure in the drum, and it is sealed off from the lid by joint rotation and sliding seal. The rotary seal causes the filling tube to be sealed with respect to the rotating cap, and the sliding seal causes the tube to be sealed with respect to the axially moving cap. In addition, the filling tube is preferably supported on the shell in the elastic clamping device, which can allow the tube to perform joint rotation and swing sealing swing. This makes the imbalance more or less frequently during the centrifugation process, which causes the eccentricity of the drum member. -10- 586969 V. Description of the Invention (9) Movement, and thus the eccentric movement of the lid and the inlet of the filling tube. In the preferred embodiment of this cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge, precautions are taken to prevent this movement from causing damage to the filling tube and its premature wear. This configuration has three effects. The filling tube is also used as a high-pressure gas (vapor) feed pipe or a low pressure caused by pumping out air, so the special feed pipe for this purpose can be omitted. Between the filling tube and the lid, the combined rotation and sliding seal can prevent the down-pressure gas from escaping from the centrifugal chamber, or prevent the gas (air of the atmosphere) from entering the chamber from the outside. The elastic support of the filling tube on the shell can compensate the shaking of the drum caused by the imbalance. When the centrifuge is operated, it can ensure that a complete seal is formed by the joint rotation and sliding seal. There will be no negative effect on the sliding of the lid relative to the filling tube. In this regard, the filling tube is preferably fixed to the housing by a flange and an intervening elastic member, and there are tapering thicker portions on both sides of the outlet end of the filling tube. On the other hand, it can not only ensure that The centrifugation operation is as free as possible from abrasion, and it also ensures that when the cover is moved during the filter block discharge phase, the thicker parts can be stopped from interacting with the rotary and sliding seals, so the cover is open during the discharge phase. At present, the filling tube is surrounded, and there is a space around it, so at this stage, any strain on the rotating and sliding seal can be completely avoided. An alternative to the possibility of the filling tube operating the volume enclosed by the drum member under pressure or low pressure conditions is that the side of the drum member remote from the filling tube can be connected to a pressure or low pressure source through a tube. From the filling tube

-11-586969 V. Description of the invention (10) The function of gas or forming a vacuum can be separated from the function of feeding suspension. In this regard, the feed through-hole in the cover is preferably sealed to the filler tube by a seal which rotates with the drum member and is disconnected from the filler tube to avoid frictional contact. Another alternative is to arrange the drum member on a hollow shaft, and movably mount a seal in the shaft, in this way, the feed through hole can be closed from the inside of the drum member. In a configuration of a filling tube extending through the lid, it is preferred that the filling tube must be rotatably set about its longitudinal axis and can be set to rotate around the axis along with the drum member. In the perforation of the cover, the rotating and sliding seals that cause wear and contamination can be removed and used. The rotary and sliding seals can be reconfigured in the area outside the housing. In this respect, it is preferred that the filling tube can be driven synchronously by a driving device. It is also preferable to provide a sealing member which can be optionally moved back and forth between an open end and a closed end to obtain a seal between the feed through hole in the cap and the filling tube. In another embodiment of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention, the drum member and the cover are driven by a rotatable hollow shaft, and a retractable back-and-forth support shaft is arranged in the hollow shaft so that the drum The base of the piece can be moved relative to the drum wall or the filter media of the drum wall so that the filter block is mechanically discharged. More specifically, it is preferable that a spiral mandrel is arranged on the support shaft, and a screw shaft is provided. A nut that engages the mandrel and a spiral mandrel or

-12- 586969 5. Description of the invention (11) The nut can be rotated by the motor, so that the support shaft can be retracted and retracted in the hollow shaft depending on the speed of the screw mandrel or the speed of the nut relative to the hollow shaft. This allows the cover to be opened when the filter drum member is rotated, and the base of the drum member is slid forward so that the filter block is mechanically discharged through the free end of the drum member. This prevents the use of a hydraulic unit when discharging / reversing the base of the drum; therefore, leakage cannot be ruled out when using this unit. These are very undesirable when filtration is highly sensitive, such as in the case of pharmaceuticals or products of processes that occur during sterilization. In the centrifuge, and thus the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention, it is necessary to ensure that the drum member is opened only at a relatively low speed for safety reasons. For this purpose, a centrifugal speed controller can be used to ensure that the opening movement of the drum is only activated below a certain drum speed. However, such a safety device is complicated and prone to failure, so it is best to use a safety device that does not require a centrifugal speed controller. In the solution described, it is recommended to use hydraulic units when opening and ejecting the lid and the base of the drum. However, to avoid multiple hydraulic units, one possibility is that the spiral mandrel must be arranged on the support shaft. And a nut is provided which is connected with the spiral mandrel, and no matter whether the spiral mandrel or the nut can be rotated by the motor, the supporting shaft can be hollow according to the speed of the spiral mandrel or the speed of the nut relative to the hollow shaft. The shaft is retracted back and forth in the shaft. The drum is opened when the speed of the spiral mandrel or the nut driven by the motor is higher than the speed of the hollow shaft, and when the speed of the spiral mandrel or nut is lower than the speed of the hollow shaft.

-13- 586969 V. Description of the invention (12) The speed is turned off, and the maximum speed of the motor is selected so that the maximum speed conveyed to the screw mandrel or nut is lower than the critical speed of the drum piece, so that the drum piece is only It opens only when it rotates below a critical speed. Therefore, all that is needed for this embodiment is to monitor the drive motor speed, which can be done easily and without errors. Alternatively, the screw mandrel or nut can be driven at different speeds by a plurality of selectively openable and closable motors, and the maximum speed of these motors is selected such that the maximum speed they convey to the screw mandrel or nut is Below the critical speed of the drum. Another alternative is to include a controllable switching mechanism between the motor and the screw mandrel. In one embodiment of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge according to the present invention, the base of the drum member is opened and slid forward relative to the drum member by a shaft (called a sliding shaft) arranged in a hollow shaft. It is achieved that when the base of the drum member slides forward, the sliding shaft passes through the inside of the centrifugal drum member, and the contamination can be caused by, for example, lubricating oil, through which the material can be transported from the mechanical skeleton to the inside of the drum member. Conversely, the residue of the suspension, the remaining material of the filter block and / or the filtrate can be introduced into the machine casing by the sliding shaft when the drum is closed. These are all disadvantages, because contamination can harm the required disinfection inside the drum to handle sensitive suspensions, such as food or medicines, and the residues of suspensions entering the machine's skeleton can negatively affect centrifugation operations, especially sliding shafts Its movement. I can provide a remedial measure, that is, between the closed end wall of the centrifugal drum piece and -14-586969 V. Description of the invention (13) a base of the drum piece which is movable relative to the closed end wall, is elastic and / or expandable The partition wall provides a seal between the sliding shaft carrying the base of the drum member and the inside of the drum member receiving the suspension. It is a good idea to check that the partition wall is not damaged and that it functions correctly; it is better to provide a device to monitor the differential pressure of the pressure on both sides of the partition wall. The differential pressure can be monitored, and when the desired level is not reached, a warning signal will be activated, allowing the operator to immediately respond to the leakage of the partition wall and replace it. In another embodiment of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention, it includes a device for performing weight determination. Although the destructive force generated or caused by the gas pressure in the centrifuge housing must be compensated, the weight measurement can be performed inexpensively by low-load units and weighing out equipment. A simple method to solve this problem is to provide the centrifuge with a device for weight measurement, the centrifuge is arranged to rotate in a vertical plane, a force measuring member for sensing the rotation related to the centrifuge, and A compensation device for compensating the destructive force caused by fluctuating air pressure, so that the process of measuring weight will not be affected. The compensation device additionally includes a sensor for sensing the air pressure in the centrifuge, which can generate a correction signal. Sensing changes in air pressure are used to indicate weight. The axis of rotation of the centrifuge is preferably horizontal. The ease of decanting the centrifuge is particularly important, especially for those who handle sensitive products such as food and medicine, and therefore any machine in contact with the suspension to be filtered.

-15- 586969 5. Description of the invention (14) What part of the filter or filter block material must be easily accessible and washable. To achieve this, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing of the centrifuge has a first chamber which has an outlet for discharging a filter, and a second chamber which has an outlet for discharging a filter block. The first chamber is hermetically closed by the first self-contained outer shell portion, and the second chamber is hermetically closed by the second self-contained outer shell portion, and each of the two outer shell portions is separately installed so as to be different along different axes respectively. Rotate them so that they can rotate relative to the centrifuge drum between a closed condition and an open condition, respectively. The outer shell is structured so that when the outer shell part is rotated upward, all important components can be easily accessed without the drum itself being disassembled. The two housing portions are preferably arranged to be rotatable about a vertical axis. The first chamber is preferably generally ring-shaped, and the second chamber is generally approximately cup-shaped with a closed end wall, and when the second part can be tightly adhered to the first wall from the edge opposite to the end wall in the closed state unit. When working with the centrifuge of the present invention, in order to obtain the maximum possible separation, the drum is usually operated at the highest possible speed, which results in a high peripheral speed at its edges. Because of the unavoidable imbalance of the drum members in these centrifuges, a ring gap is generally provided in the rotary centrifugal drum member located in the boundary area between the filter object chamber and the solid chamber. Between shells; the annular gap may also contain a flexible, elastic seal. If the drum parts inside this annular gap are set to rotate quickly, the gap must be at least large enough to allow the drum to shake, which is based on a maximum of -16-586969. 5. Description of the invention (15) Imbalance It does not cause contact between the rotating drum member and the stationary housing portion. If a seal is used in the annular gap, it must be only slightly attached to the rotating part of the machine due to the high peripheral speed of the drum and the heat generated by the contact. Due to the inevitable shaking of the drum, it is a necessary annular gap, and the effect is that there cannot be an absolute seal between the filter material chamber and the solid chamber of the housing. Because the centrifugal drum member acts like a fan during rotation, an upper pressure relative to the solid shell part will be generated in the filter shell part, wherein the closed drum part rotates during the filtering process; the upper pressure can basically make the shell Gas exchange occurs between the filter chamber and the solid chamber. During centrifugation, the liquid that runs out through the filter medium in the area on the surface of the drum is finely distributed in the filter chamber or the filter shell portion, that is, the gas there is rich in liquid spray, which can pass through the ring. Into the solid chamber. Although an external so-called gas compensation tube is usually placed between the filter chamber and the solid chamber to ensure the pressure balance between the two chambers, due to the turbulent flow in the filter chamber, the liquid undesirably passes through the ring Clearance and migration to the solid chamber can occur. Furthermore, liquid sprays of course also enter the solid chamber through the gas compensation tube, just like canned gas filled with filtered liquid, which can cause unwanted condensation in the solid chamber. During the ejection movement of the drum base and subsequent solids removal on the other hand, the drum base moves into a solid chamber like a piston. Therefore, at least as long as the base of the drum is in close contact with the filter block against the wall of the drum, and slides towards the open end. -17- V. Description of the Invention (16) When moving, an upward pressure will be on the outer shell and opposed. Produced in the filter compartment. This prevents any pressure drop. The movement and discharge of the drum base will cause dry solids to be bombarded into the solid chamber, and the gas in the chamber will be rich in solid spray due to the solid powder component. As mentioned, even when the gas compensation tube is set for pressure balance, the turbulence existing in the solid chamber when the solid is ejected will also be generated when the drum is rotated, which can cause the solid to pass through the ring undesirably. Into the filter compartment. The filtered material enters the solids chamber, or vice versa, and the solid enters the filtereds chamber, which is quite undesirable due to the contamination involved, but it is still unavoidable in the conventional annular gap configuration, even when the gap contains a seal. The solution to this problem is to provide a ring-shaped gap at the edge of the drum member in the area of the filter shell and the solid shell, and the protective device between the shell and the centrifugal drum member can block the air flow of the medium in a gaseous state. It can be generated in a ring-shaped gap around the edge of the drum. This blocking medium can prevent gaseous, liquid and / or solid substances between the filter housing and the solid housing, or between the filter housing and the solid housing. Unwanted migration. The protective device is preferably designed so that it generates two gaseous obstructing media streams in the annular gap, one of which is introduced into the filter housing portion or the filter compartment, and the other is introduced into the solid housing portion or solid. It is preferable to still provide so-called gas compensation pipes. However, it is best to cooperate with a check valve. When the protective device acts, the gas compensation tube can be blocked, so as to avoid any filtering of liquid or solid sprays. 18-586969 V. Description of the invention (17) In one direction, the other Pass through the tube. The solid components obtained by filtering with the cloth-free reversible filter of the present invention are finally dried. Preferably, the centrifuge has a downstream solid dryer. In combination with a centrifuge, dehumidification and solid drying can be generated in the centrifuge by centrifugation, compression with pressurized gas, and thermal convection of flowing dry gas, and in solid dryers by thermal convection of flowing dry gas. . The centrifugal action can mechanically dehumidify and dry the filter block attached to the drum wall or filter medium, and the filter block can be further dried by drying the gas; the efficiency of the dehumidification and drying process naturally depends on the temperature and speed of the air flow passing through. In this regard, tests have proven that before blowing dry air through the filter block, the capillary of the filter block is purged with a high pressure gas to open the passage of the dry gas. If the dehumidification and drying in the centrifuge are not sufficient, a thermal unit in the form of a solid dryer may be arranged downstream of the centrifuge, where the unit from which the solids are removed from the centrifuge is heated by flowing dry gas and / or thermal convection Thermal contact with the treatment to further dehumidify and dry the solid to the desired final level. In many cases, the required final drying (residual humidity) must be obtained in the final drying step in a vacuum. It is also necessary to alternately apply vacuum and pressure to de-agglomerat ion the solid. Although these procedures are also basically performed in a centrifuge, the final drying and decondensation are generally achieved by a vacuum in a solid dryer. The drying gas may be air or a different gas, especially an inert gas. If it is contaminated by harmful objects in both the centrifuge and the solid dryer, then -19- V. Description of the invention (18) It must be discarded and treated in a processing plant so that the purified dry gas can be re-used It is used in dehumidification and drying circuits of centrifuges and solid dryers, and the amount of fresh air can be reduced. When solids that have been pre-dried in a centrifuge are transferred to a solid dryer, large solid agglomerates often cause trouble; these can be formed by excessive compression and / or excessive capillary bonding. In this case, decondensation, i.e. size reduction must be performed before the solid enters the dryer. In the decoupling operation of the centrifuge and the solid dryer, that is, when each device is individually sized and controlled in order to produce a certain product, the size of each device must depend on the worst drying result, and The time spent in the centrifuge or solid dryer can become too long, for example due to missing batches included in the calculations. In the known equipment in which the centrifuge and the solid dryer are operated separately, neither the results of dehumidification and drying in the centrifuge, nor the results of dehumidification and drying in the solid dryer can agree with each other, and thus include the centrifuge and The combination of solid dryers is often uneconomical due to waiting or downtime. This type of combination is often designed to meet the expectations of some products with a degree of safety, so it has a direct negative impact on the manufacturing cost and operating cost of this type of combination. The degree of dehumidification obtained by the mechanical centrifugation of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge will also be limited, so the separated solids, for example, due to their shaking effect (thi X 〇tr 〇pic), are attached or hardened undesirably. And make it difficult to move the solid further into the solid dryer. So here -20- 586969 5. Invention Description (19) Unwanted shutdown will occur. As a result, additional equipment may be required, which likewise increases the necessary investment. Therefore, the centrifuge of the present invention is preferably combined with the downstream solid dryer into a unit, so that the operation of the centrifuge and the solid dryer is complementary to each other to obtain a certain degree of dehumidification (residual humidity); especially dry gas The use of thermal energy can be optimized, ie reduced. This purpose is especially in the case where the centrifuge includes a downstream solid dryer. The dehumidification and drying of solids is performed in the drum of the centrifuge through centrifugation, compression by pressurized gas, and thermal convection by flowing drying gas. The device is achieved by thermal convection of a flowing dry gas. Under the functional element with a combination of a centrifuge and a solid dryer, the reversible filter centrifuge and solid dryer can be combined into a unit, a sensor by a closed device that produces a sealed separation of the centrifuge and the dryer. It is arranged on the centrifuge and dryer, which is used to determine the degree of dehumidification and drying inside and other operating parameters, such as the weight of the drum, the pressure, temperature, the flow rate of the filtered material and / or pH 値, Humidity, and the inflow of the supplied suspension, and is equipped with a combined control device that can be actuated by the readings provided by the sensor, and adjust operating data based on these readings, such as the speed of the reversible filter centrifuge , Gas pressure, gas flow rate and / or gas temperature, and surface temperature that can be in contact with solids, this control device automatically adjusts these operating data so that the dehumidification and drying operation time of the centrifuge and solid dryer can be coordinated, and At the same time, on the one hand, the mechanical centrifugal energy, and on the other hand, the heat in the centrifuge and dryer -21-V. Invention Ming (2〇) can share the best performance on the economy. The main idea of operating such equipment is to make the most appropriate distinction between the drying work of the reversible filter centrifuge and the solid dryer depending on the product and the result. If necessary, dehumidification and drying procedures can be performed in a solid dryer and not in a reversible filter centrifuge, and vice versa. Another preferred embodiment of the present invention ensures that there is no difficulty in performing weight-related measurements in a centrifuge, even if an upper or lower pressure is introduced into the drum member. This is achieved in the first embodiment, in which a tube is provided to generate an upward pressure or a downward pressure in the drum member, and the line of force of the force generated by the upward pressure or the downward pressure in the tube is directed to be compatible with The rotating shafts of the machine casing cross. In the second embodiment, a tube is again provided to generate an upward pressure or a downward pressure in the drum member, and a sensor for detecting the pressure in the drum member can correct the measurement indicator depending on the pressure. The present invention further relates to a method for separating a suspension into a filtrate and a solid component, which is a reversible filter centrifuge using a filterless cloth as described in detail above in the present invention. In this method, the suspension is transported into the inside of the drum member through the filling tube, the filter is passed or pushed into the filter medium by the centrifugal force generated when the drum member is rotated, and the solid content is filtered by the filter medium. Detained on the inside wall of the drum. When the centrifugation step is complete, the solids detained by the filter media are mechanically removed from the drum by the drum base. -22- 586969 V. Description of the invention (21) As mentioned above, the diameter of the base of the drum is as close to the inner width of the closed end of the drum as possible, so that the less solid content can be discharged mechanically. Remains in the drum. The solid component can be completely eliminated from the filter medium of the drum by means of a pneumatic device, that is, an airflow is generated, which can flow through the filter medium from the outside and enter the inside of the drum to break up the solid component and / or remove it from Separated on filter media. The air flow is preferably created by creating a low pressure inside the drum. Or pressure conditions can be applied around the drum. The gas flow can also be applied in the form of one or more pressure or downforce pulses. This produces a comparable effect and also reduces the volume of air flowing through. Before the solid component fluid is mechanically discharged from the base of the drum member, it is best to provide a gas flow directed inward through the filter medium, because it can disperse the filter block formed by the solid component and reduce its attachment to the filter medium. . This method assists mechanically discharging solid components as completely as possible by sliding between the drum wall and the base of the drum member. In a particularly preferred method of the present invention, after the solid content is mechanically discharged through the base of the drum member, the solid content residue remaining in the filter medium is pneumatically acted on from the drum member by the airflow in the radial and / or axial direction. Transported out. The base of the drum can be kept in its retracted position, that is, its starting position, or -23- V. Description of the Invention (22) Move to the eject position again to further assist the mechanical pneumatic cleaning. The air current acting in the radial direction can be generated synchronously with the movement of the base of the drum member, starting from its position near the starting position of the drum member and continuously toward its ejection position. Ideally, a ring-shaped air flow can be generated around the drum member and flow into the drum member immediately before the base of the drum member passes through the portion of the drum wall. The generated radially acting air flow can be stationary while the drum member is rotating, thereby ensuring that each surface element of the drum member can be hit by those air flows. In this manner, the entire surface of the filter medium in the drum member can be evenly washed. More preferably, the radially acting air flow is superimposed by the air flow acting in the axial direction. In the same way that the radially acting air flow can be synchronized with the movement of the base of the drum member, the air flow acting in the axial direction can also be generated synchronously as the drum base moves from its starting position to its ejection position. These and other advantages and preferred embodiments of the centrifuge of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a view showing the first embodiment of the reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention in its centrifugal action position; Figure 2 is a view showing the reversible filter centrifuge of Figure 1 in its position Figures of discharge position; Figures 1A and 2A show larger scale details of the centrifuge of the present invention shown in Figures 1 and 2; Figures 1 B to 1 F and 2B to 2F show the inventive reversible filter centrifuge has The first embodiment of a different additional pneumatic discharge device is equivalent to -24-586969. V. Description of the Invention (23) A larger scale of the partial variation is shown in Figures 1 A and 2 A; Figure 3 shows Fig. 1 is another example of the reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention without filter cloth but with a tightly sealed lid; Fig. 4 is a reversible filter centrifuge viewed in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 3 Plan view of the cover; Figure 5 is another example of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention shown in Figure 3; Figure 6 is a view of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention with a tightly sealed lid; Figure of another embodiment of the machine; Figure 7 is the seal on the lid (Detail A in FIG. 6) A larger scale diagram; FIG. 8 is a diagram of another embodiment of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention, and FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams of FIG. 8 A detailed view of another possible structure of the drive shaft of the centrifuge; FIG. 11 is a diagram of another embodiment of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the first 11 Figure 1 shows the centrifuge with its lid open; Figure 1 3 is a diagram of another embodiment of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge according to the present invention; Figure 14 is a centrifugation showing 7 ^ 13 Figure of the machine with g cover lifted; Brother 15 Figure of another embodiment of the cloth-free reversible furnace centrifuge of the present invention; -25- 586969 V. Description of the invention (24) Figure 16 shows the invention without cloth Figure of another embodiment of the reversible filter centrifuge, the shell portion of which is divided into two and turned away; Figure 17 shows the centrifuge of Figure 16 with the shell portion turned away; Figures 18, 19 , 18A, 19A are larger scale diagrams showing detail X of FIG. 16;

Fig. 20 is an embodiment of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention, which has a drying device combined into one unit; and Figs. 21 to 23 show another implementation of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention For example, it has a weight measuring device free from interference. Detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention

The cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge, as shown in Figure 1, includes a housing 1 (only shown), which encloses the entire machine in a sealed manner, and contains a hollow shaft 3 (which is Rotatably mounted in bearings 4, 5 above the stationary machine frame 2). Enclosure 1 is generally designed to resist pressure, and is used to carry out the necessary process steps, such as steam sterilization, which requires about 1 to 2 bar to accommodate the generated pressure. A pressure medium cylinder 6 is tightly attached to the end of the hollow shaft 3 protruding beyond the bearing 5 on the right side of Figs. 1 and 2 in a flanged manner. A driving wheel 7 is non-rotatably coupled to the cylinder 6 and causes the cylinder 6 and thus the hollow shaft 3 to be rapidly rotated by an electric motor (not shown) via a V-belt. The hollow shaft 3 rigidly extending between the bearings 4, 5 has an axial wedge groove (not shown), and one of the wedge portions 9 is movable in the axial direction. The wedge portion 9 is firmly connected to the shaft 12. (It can move in the hollow shaft 3) ° -26- 586969 V. Description of the invention (25) Although the shaft 12 can move in the axial direction in the hollow shaft 3, it can also rotate with the hollow shaft 3. The shafts 3 and 12 extend in a sleeve-like housing 13, which is supported on the machine frame 2 and also serves to clamp the bearings 4, 5. The closed end wall 17 of a cup-shaped centrifugal drum member 16 is cantilevered and non-rotatably tightly flange-mounted to the end of the hollow shaft 3 protruding beyond the bearing 4 on the left side of FIG. 1. The cylinder wall of the drum has a large area of filter medium 18, that is, a multilayer metal mesh filter with large filter holes in the radial outward direction, or a sintered ceramic filter with the same characteristics. The drum member 16 is opened at the end 20 opposite to the closed end wall 17. A displaceable shaft 12 freely passing through the closed end wall 17 is rigidly connected to the base 23 of the drum member. A centrifuge chamber lid 25 is firmly fixed to the drum member base 23 by fixing bolts 24, which leaves an intermediate gap; the lid covers the flanged edge 19 of its opening to seal the centrifuge chamber 16 of the drum member 16. And, together with the drum base 23, it slides out of the hollow shaft 3 in the axial direction via the shaft 12 to rise away from the drum 16. In another embodiment, for the same purpose, the drum member 16 may be axially displaced relative to the stationary cover 25 and the drum member base 23. A filling tube 26 is arranged in front of the cloth-free reversible filter centrifuge of the present invention, and is located on the left-hand side of Figure 1. Its function is to separate a suspension that can be divided into solid and liquid components It is fed into the centrifugal chamber of the drum 16 (Fig. 1) and, under the operating conditions listed in Fig. 2, it passes through a hole in the movable shaft 12. -27- 586969 V. Description of the invention (26) With this pressure medium cylinder 6, the pipe 31 and the valves 32, 33 are used to reciprocate the movable shaft 12 carrying the drum member 16. When the reversible filter centrifuge is in operation, it will first be in the position shown in Figure 1. The movable shaft 12 is retracted into the hollow shaft 3 and the pressure medium cylinder 6 and is bonded to the drum member base 2 3 of the shaft 12 so as to be close to the closed end wall 17 of the centrifugal drum member 16. The centrifuge chamber cover 25 can thus be attached to the edge 19 of the opening of the drum member 16 with a sealing effect. As the drum member 16 is rotated, the suspension to be filtered is fed through the filling tube 26. The liquid component of the suspension passes through the filter medium 18 of the drum member 16 in the direction of the arrow 35, and is guided by a baffle plate 36 to the outlet pipe 37. The solid particles in the suspension are detained in the filter medium 18. When the drum member 16 continues to rotate, the shaft 12 is moved (to the left) as shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, the drum member base 23 is moved to the open end of the drum member 16. The filter block is removed from the drum member 16 and thrown into the casing 1. Solid particles can be easily removed from here. In the position of Fig. 2, the filling tube 26 has passed through the openings 39, 40 provided in the cover 25 and the drum base 23, respectively, and has entered the shaft 12. When the removal of the filter block has been completed, the filter centrifuge slides the shaft 12 back to return to the operating position in the first figure. In this way, the centrifuge can be operated with the centrifugal drum member 16 rotating continuously. As schematically shown in Fig. 1, the valve 41 is fitted into the filling tube 26; it can cut off the transportation of the suspension and close the tube of the storage tank containing the suspension. A pipe 42 having a check valve 43 and leading to the filling tube 26 cooperates with a pump-28 · 586969 V. Description of the invention (27) 44 so that gas, especially compressed air or an inert gas, is fed to the filling tube 26, thereby entering the centrifugal chamber of the drum member 16. Therefore, the internal pressure formed in the drum member 16 increases the hydraulic pressure obtained in the centrifugal force field of the rotating drum member 16 and thus has a very beneficial effect on the filtration result, as demonstrated by the drying of the filter block. In another embodiment, heat, pressurized steam, or solvent vapor can be directed through the tube 42, thereby subjecting the accumulated filter block to steam scrubbing. In another embodiment of the present invention, a lower pressure, rather than an upper pressure, may be generated in the drum member 16, which has a pump 44 in the form of a suction pump shown in FIG. This downforce may be applied for a period of time to achieve advantageous effects such as enabling the filter block to be released from the filter medium 18. If an up or down pressure is generated in the drum member 16, it is necessary to use a pressure tight seal 45 to form between the stationary filling tube 26 and the periphery of the cover 25 of the drum member 16. One such tried-and-tested solution is described in DE 3 7 40411 A1. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in the turning operation performed by the drum member base 23, the filter block is mostly discharged from the inside of the drum member 16. However, because the diameter of the base 23 of the drum member is always at least slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the closed end wall 17 of the drum member 16 to avoid abrasion of the filter medium, the residue of the filter block will remain on the centrifugal drum member 16 in. If it is necessary to discharge the filter block without residue, it is best to install a pneumatic device to loosen and drain the filter block residue, as shown in the larger scale diagrams of Figures 1B to 1F and 2B to 2F By. The following will explain the cloth-free reversible filter of the present invention. -29- 586969 V. Description of the invention (28) A better solution for the filter centrifuge. Figures 1A and 2A show details of the reversible filter centrifuge according to the invention of Figures 1 and 2 and therefore the same symbols are used. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the drum base 23 has a seal 29 around its edge 28. In the initial position of the drum member base 23, that is, when it is positioned to close the adjacent position of the end wall 17, the seal 29 is placed against the inner surface of the drum member 16, and its sealing effect is in the area of symbol 27 Medium (Figure 1A). In this position, the seal 29 is sealed from the inside of the drum member remaining on the back of the base 23 to the closed end wall 17 and the inside of the drum member which can be filled with the suspension via the filling tube 26 is sealed. A filter housing 36 'around the drum member 16 may be used instead of the baffle plate 36, which is formed here as another embodiment, and has only one outlet 38 at the bottom, near the discharge pipe 37. Another embodiment of the centrifuge 10 is shown in Figs. 1B and 2B, where the drum member 16 is enclosed by a filter housing 36 'discharged to the outlet 38 as shown in Figs. 1A and 2A. In this embodiment, the drum member base 23 'is slightly smaller in diameter and has an eccentric portion 30 around the edge 28'. The edge 28 'of the base of the drum member then carries a seal 29 again, as shown in Figures 1A and 2A. In this embodiment, in addition to the mechanical device for discharging solid components (filter blocks), a pneumatic device 46 is provided; the nozzle outlet of this pneumatic device 46. Reaches the filter housing 36 around the drum member 16. 'The corresponding opening in the annular chamber formed. Nozzle 37 creates air flow radially inward to the drum

-30- V. Description of Invention (29) The inside of case 16. If the pneumatic device 46 is actuated before the filter block is mechanically discharged from the drum member base 23, this allows the solid components in the drum member 16 to be loosened and separated at least partially from the filter medium 18. Therefore, in this way, the filter block can be discharged more easily and completely mechanically. Additionally or alternatively, the pneumatic device 46 may be activated when the filter block has been mechanically discharged and the drum base 23 'has been moved back to the position shown in Fig. 1B. In this case, the pneumatic device 46 loosens any solid content residue on the filter medium and leaves the filter medium, and the filter medium can be discharged from the inside of the drum member into the casing 1 and further, if necessary, by the drum member base 23 ' Move and help. Figure 2B. A dashed line shows another discharge position of the drum member base 23 '; in this position, the pneumatic cleaning and discharge of the filter block residue can be performed after the filter block has been mechanically discharged from the drum member base 23'. , Start immediately. If the drum member base 23 'and the cover 25 are rigidly interconnected, the casing 1 can be made larger. Another embodiment is shown in Figs. 1C and 2C, in which the filter drum member 16 'used is slightly tapered from the closed end wall 17 to the open edge of the drum member. The drum base 23 also has a seal 29 around its edge 28. Compared with the embodiment of FIGS. 1A and 2A, the centrifuge 10 here has another pneumatic device that can send pressurized gas to the drum base 23 via the pressurized gas pipe 50. There are many from here The distribution channel 51 leads to the outlet 52, which faces the filter medium in the drum wall at the edge 28 near the base of the drum member. V. Description of the invention (30). These nozzles are arranged at regular intervals in the edge 28 of the base of the drum member and guide the pressurized gas against the inside of the filter medium 18 with its axial and radial components. In order to remove solid component residues from the filter medium 18, the pneumatic device 46 allows the airflow to pass from the outside radially inward through the filter medium 18. The cleaning action performed by the filter medium 18 may be further sprayed from the nozzle 52 at the edge 28 of the drum base Assisted by pressurized gas flow. The drum member base 23 can be specially set to rotate inside the drum member at a frequency different from that of the drum member 16 'itself, so that the pressurized gas flow ejected from the nozzle 52 can uniformly sweep across the drum wall and the inside of the filter medium 18 and Rinse evenly. Again, it is preferable to return the drum member base 23 from the initial position in FIG. 1C to the ejection position of the cleaning procedure shown in FIG. 2C to discharge the solid residue. In order to pneumatically wash and discharge the filter block residue, it can be started immediately after the filter block has been mechanically discharged from the drum base 23, and the drum base 23 can be moved to the eject position shown by the dashed line in FIG. 2B ( (If necessary, use a larger counterpart). Another embodiment is shown in Figures 1 D and 2D, where the pneumatic device 46 known from Figures 1B, 1C, and 2B, 2C is first provided; this allows pressurized gas to pass through the filter chamber from the outside and The pressurized gas penetrates the filter medium and enters the inside of the drum member 16. As in the embodiment of Figs. 1C / 2C, again a pneumatic device acts inside the drum member and has an axial component in its air flow. This pneumatic device 53 has a nozzle 54 which can direct the airflow to the inner surface of the drum wall 32. V. The invention (31) and the inner surface of the filter medium 18 form an acute angle and pass through the perforation of the end wall 17 5 7 (indicated only in the figure). The pneumatic washing and removal of solid component residues from the drum member 16 can thus be achieved by a combination of inwardly directed airflows generated by the thermodynamic device 46. The drum base 23 is basically left in an eject position, and the pneumatic devices 46 and 53 are then started to remove all solid residues from the surface of the filter medium 18. In this configuration, the cover 25 and the drum base 23 are preferably moved slightly to the left (the broken line position in FIG. 2B), so that the solid components extracted by pneumatic can enter the casing 1 without hindrance. In another embodiment shown in Figures 1E and 2E, the pneumatic conveyor belt 53 is first provided, and its nozzle 54 can guide the pressurized gas to an acute angle to the inner surface of the filter medium 18 on the inside of the drum, and by closing The perforations 57 of the end wall 17 (only perforations are indicated), and another pneumatic device 55 with a plurality of nozzles 56 can guide the individually controlled airflow to the drum member 16 from the outside. Because the nozzle 56 can be controlled independently, a conveying process can continue from the β closed end wall 17 to the open edge 19 of the drum member 16, which is ejected by the nozzle 54 mainly assisted by the air flow in the axial direction. And was formed. Again, the conveying devices 53 and 55 for discharging the solid residue from the drum member 16 can be operated under the conditions shown by the dashed line in FIG. 2B, that is, with the lid 25 in the eject position. The two pneumatic devices 53 and 55 can be operated by a pulse action and can produce this pulse action simultaneously or alternately. Figures 1F and 2F show another embodiment in which a circular plate 59 carried by a shaft-33. V. Description of Invention (32) 58 is provided at the closed ends of the drum base 23 and the drum 16 There are 17 walls; the channel 60 in the plate radially guides the pressurized gas to the peripheral edge 61 of the circular plate 59, where the gas runs out of the nozzle 62. The circular plate 59 is simply referred to herein as a nozzle plate and can be moved axially on its shaft 58, and it is preferably independent of the movement of the drum base 23, and the first mechanical discharge movement of the drum base 23 After the majority of the solid components enter the casing 1 and cooperate with the pneumatic device 46, the gas can be blown onto the inner surface of the drum member 16 and the inner surface of the filter medium 18, which continues from close to the closed end wall 17 To the edge 19 of the open end of the drum member 16, thereby gradually removing the solid residue from the drum member 16 in the outward direction. The drum base 23 is preferably positioned at the position shown by the dashed line in Fig. 2F in this procedure. The circular plate 59 can be made to move synchronously with the movement of the base 23 of the drum member toward the edge 19 of the open end of the drum member, and / or the outlet nozzle 62 of the circular plate 59 can blow gas to the drum member 16 multiple times. On the inner surface, this can particularly clean the inner surface of the drum member 16 and the inner surface of the filter medium 18. With the proper structure of the feed pipe, the nozzles 52 and 62 at the peripheral edge of the drum base 23 and the peripheral edge of the circular plate 59 shown in Figures 1C / 2C and 1F / 2F can clean the medium with liquid. Preferably, a solvent is used to clean almost all cylinders or individual cylinder walls of the drum member having the filter medium 18, respectively. Individual nozzles and feed pipes can of course be provided for this purpose, so that the pneumatic device and the washing device can also be provided separately. The reversible filter centrifuge 110 shown in detail in FIG. 3 includes one-34-586969. V. Description of the invention (33) A casing 111 (not shown), which surrounds and seals the entire machine, and one of them The hollow shaft 113 is rotatably mounted in a bearing 1 1 4 above the stationary machine frame 112. The end (not shown) of the hollow shaft 11 3 protruding beyond the bearing 1 1 4 on the right-hand side is connected to a drive motor (also not shown) that allows the hollow shaft 11 3 to rotate rapidly. A shaft 115 is arranged inside the hollow shaft 113, which is resistant to torsion but can generate axial displacement inside it. The closed end wall 1 1 7 of a cup-shaped centrifugal drum piece 1 1 6 is cantilevered and non-rotatably and is flange-tightly mounted to the hollow shaft 1 1 3 on the left side of FIG. 3 protruding beyond the end of the bearing 114 on. The cylindrical wall 119 of the drum member 116 has a filter medium 1 1 8. The side 120 of the drum member 1 16 opposite the closed end wall 1 1 7 is opened. The drum member base 122 is disposed inside the drum member in parallel with the closed end wall 117 and is rigidly connected to the displaceable hollow shaft 1 1 3 through the closed end wall 117. A centrifugal chamber cover 124 is firmly fixed to the drum member base 1 22 by fixing bolts 123, which leaves a space; this cover covers the edge 120 of its opening to seal the centrifugal chamber of the drum member 116, and is connected to the drum The piece base 122 rises together and slides out of the hollow shaft 112 in the axial direction via the shaft 115 to rise away from the drum piece 1 1 6. In another embodiment, for the same purpose, the drum member 116 can also be axially displaced relative to the stationary cover. A filling tube 125 for feeding a suspension which can be divided into solid and liquid components is arranged in front of the reversible filter centrifuge Π0, on the left-hand side of FIG. For this purpose, the free end of the filling tube 125-35- 586969 V. Description of the invention (34) It is passed through the center insertion hole 1 26 of the cover 1 24 to the inside of the drum member, and returned when the drum member 116 has been filled Go to the position of Figure 3. The insertion hole 126 may be closed by a conventional squeeze valve 128 and formed by a pipe 127. The inside of the tube 127 can be filled with a hydraulic or pneumatic medium through a tube 129 through a shaft 115, a fixing bolt 123, and a cover 124, thereby closing the squeeze valve 128 in a pressure-resistant manner. This situation is shown in Figure 4. When the drum member 116 is opened, that is, when the cover 124 is lifted off the edge of the drum member 1 2 1 by the sliding of the shaft 115, the filling tube 125 in the position shown in FIG. 3 can be opened by saving space. The squeeze valve 128 enters the hole 130 of the shaft 115. The squeeze valve 128 is configured so that there is no friction between the tube 127 and the filling tube 125 when it is opened. The above-mentioned squeeze valve 128 may be replaced by a valve of a different type, such as a ball or sliding valve, as long as the closing element that can ensure that the drum member 116 is rotated can seal the drum member in the insertion hole 126, and when opened The filling tube 125 may enter without frictional contact. When the reversible filter centrifuge is in operation, it is first in the position shown in Figure 3. The displaceable shaft 115 is retracted into the hollow shaft 113 so that the drum member base 122 connected to the shaft 115 is thus close to the closed end wall 117 of the centrifugal drum member 116. The lid 124 of the centrifuge chamber has been snugly attached to the edge 121 of the opening of the drum member 116. When the drum member 116 is rotated and the squeeze valve 128 is opened, the suspension to be filtered passes through the filling tube 125 which has been pushed into the opened squeeze valve 128. When the filling tube 125 has been returned, the squeeze valve 128 is closed (Figure 4),

36- 586969 V. Description of the invention (35) And the drum piece 1 1 6 can be set to rotate faster. The liquid component of the suspension passes through the filter media 1 1 8 of the drum and is discharged by a baffle plate 1 3 1. The solid particles in the suspension are detained by the filter medium 1 1 8. In this procedure, an upward pressure may be generated in the inside of the drum member 116 through a tube 132 formed in the shaft 115. If necessary, a down force can also be generated through the tube 132. In other cases, the internal pressure in the drum member 116 need not be changed. However, it is important for the insertion hole 126 to be tightly sealed by the squeeze valve 128 or other closing element. When the filtering process is completed, the drum 1 1 6 will still rotate and the squeeze valve 128 will open (and the pressure or low pressure source can be closed), and the shaft 115 slides to the left, which moves the drum base 122 to the open end. 120, and the filter block is transported outward into the casing 111. Solid particles or filter blocks can be easily removed from here. In this position of the drum 1 1 6, the filling tube 1 25 will pass through the open squeeze valve 128 and enter the hole 130 without friction. When the solid particles are stopped by the ejection of the centrifugal force, the centrifuge will Slide the shaft 1 1 5 back and move it back to its operating position in Figure 3. In this way, the centrifuge 110 can be operated without stopping the drum member 116 and the pressure condition in the drum member 11 can be set as required. Figure 5 shows a modified embodiment of the reversible filter centrifuge 110. In Fig. 5, parts corresponding to those in Fig. 3 are indicated by the same symbols. In contrast to Fig. 3, the shaft 115 in the embodiment of Fig. 5 is also hollow. In the perforation 1 34 in the hollow shaft 1 1 5, a closing element 1 3 5 can be -37- 586969 in the form of a piston rod. 5. Description of the invention (36) Slide into the inside of the drum 1 1 6 so that it can be removed from the drum. The inside tightly seals the insertion hole 126. A tube 133 is formed in the closing member 135, which can cause a down pressure or an up pressure to be formed in the inside of the drum member 116. The closure element 1 35 can be actuated in a conventional hydraulic or pneumatic manner. The end of the closing element 135, which fits tightly inside the centrifuge chamber cover 124, has a seal to form a pressure-tight enclosure. As shown, the closing member 135 is formed as a sleeve 137 at its free front end, and the end of the filling tube 125 protruding into the drum member 116 can also enter the sleeve 137. Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the reversible filter centrifuge 110, which operates in the same manner as described in the embodiment of Fig. 3 above. However, in contrast to Fig. 3, the filling tube 125 in the embodiment of Fig. 5 does not need to be moved back and forth and can be firmly coupled to the machine frame 112. When the drum member is filled with the suspension liquid, the closing member 135 is retracted to expose the opening of the filling tube 125. The closing member 135 is located in the position shown in Fig. 5, and the inside of the drum member is put under the pressing force through the pipe 133. A method for sealingly isolating the lid from the filling tube is not shown in Fig. 6, which is different from that explained in Figs. 3 to 5. Here, the filling tube 125 is cantilevered by a rotary bearing 141, and is rotatably rotated about a longitudinal axis of a stationary bearing group 140 fixed to the outer casing 111 but located outside. The filling tube 125 can be driven by a driving motor 142, preferably an electric motor, a belt 143, and a torsion-resistant pulley 144 seated on the tube 125, and rotates about its longitudinal axis, which is aligned with the rotation axis of the drum member 116. -38- 586969 V. Description of the invention (37) The general shaft seal 145 can seal the outer side of the filling tube 125 in the bearing group 140. The bearing set 140 has an inlet 146 which can be connected to a tube via which the suspension to be filtered is introduced. The suspension passes directly from the inlet 146 into the filling tube 25, and from there enters the drum member 116. It can be seen from the larger scale of FIG. 7 that the sleeve 147 is fixed to the cover 124 of the drum member 116 The filling hole 126 is coaxial with the center of the drum shaft and rotates with the drum member. An elastic diaphragm 1 48 is closed in a ring shape, and is arranged near the free end of the filling tube 125 in a shallow recess at the end of the tube. A pneumatic or hydraulic medium can be introduced between the diaphragm and the outer wall of the filling tube 125, which is located in the area of the diaphragm 148 through a tube 149 extending into the wall of the filling tube 125. Under the pressure of the medium, the diaphragm 148 is turned radially outward, and always abuts against the inner wall of the sleeve 147, so that a complete pressure-proof seal is sealed between the filling tube 125 and the cover 124 of the drum member 116 form. It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the tube 149 leads into the annular recess 150 of the bearing group 140, and the pressure medium for the diaphragm 148 can be introduced into it through a channel 151. In Fig. 6, the diaphragm 148 is shown in a turned-out state in which it seals the sleeve 147. The diaphragm 148 shows the same state at the top of FIG. 7. The bottom of Fig. 7 shows its relaxed and decompressed state, in which it is smoothly pulled back by its elasticity into the recess at the end of the filling tube 1 25, so that the shaft 147 and the diaphragm 148 are forever There is a space for the lid 124 to slide freely on the filling tube 125. -39- V. Description of the invention (38) The reversible filter centrifuge 160 shown in Fig. 8 includes a casing 1 6 1 (only omitted) to enclose the entire machine in a sealed manner, A hollow shaft 163 is rotatably mounted in bearings 164, 165 above the stationary machine frame 162. A driving wheel 166 is non-rotatably connected to the end portion of the hollow shaft 163 protruding beyond the bearing 165. The driving wheel causes the hollow shaft 163 to rotate rapidly through a V-belt via an electric or other motor. The hollow shaft 163 rigidly extending between the bearings 164, 165 has an axial wedge groove (not shown), and one of the wedge portions 168 is movable in the axial direction. The wedge 168 is securely connected to a support shaft 169, which is movable within the hollow shaft 163. Thus, the support shaft 169 may rotate together with the hollow shaft 163, but may move axially therein. A cup-shaped centrifugal drum member 171 is non-rotatably and flange-fitted tightly to the closed end wall 170 of the hollow shaft 163 protruding beyond the bearing 164 on the left side of FIG. 8. There is a filter medium 172 on the surface of the cylinder. The drum member 171 is opened at the side 173 opposite to the closed end wall 170. The support shaft 169, which can freely pass through the closed end wall 170 of the drum member 171, carries a drum member base 174, which is firmly fixed to the centrifuge chamber cover 1 76 by a fixing bolt 175, leaving a space; in FIG. 8 The cover 1 76 covers the edge of the opening to tightly seal the centrifugal chamber of the drum member 1 71 and, together with the drum member base 174, slides out of the hollow shaft 1 6 3 through the axial direction of the support shaft 169, and Raise the drum piece 1 7 1. Used to displace the support shaft 169 in the hollow shaft 163, and thus used to open and close the centrifugal drum member 1 71, and thus between the two operating states -40-586969 V. Description of invention (39) For conversion The driving device will be described in detail below. The procedures related to operating the centrifuge 160 are the same as those described in Figs. In particular, as shown in FIG. 9, the sleeve 177 is firmly and non-rotatably mounted on the end of the hollow shaft 163 supported by the centrifuge 165 in a flanged manner: it protrudes from the flange to the rear and contains One axially long slot 178. A nut 179 with a radially protruding wedge 180 is firmly connected to the rear end of the support shaft 169; this wedge engages in a wedge-shaped groove 178, connecting the nut 179 to the support shaft 169 without relative rotation, And the shaft sleeve 177 is connected to the hollow shaft 163 without relative rotation, although the nut 179 and thus the supporting shaft 169 can be axially displaced in the shaft sleeve 177. The internal thread on the nut 1 79 is engaged with a spiral mandrel 181 having a corresponding external thread, which is non-rotatably coupled to the sleeve 183, but can be slightly axially displaced by a conventional feather key connection 182. The sleeve 183 is rotatably mounted in the end piece 186 fixed to the sleeve 177 by the flange with bearings 184, 185. A disk 188 is fixed at the rear end of the spiral mandrel 181 protruding from the sleeve 183 by a nut 187. A disc spring 189 or the like is arranged between the rear end of the sleeve 183 and the disc 188, and forces the spiral mandrel 181 to pressurize the sleeve 183 (to the right of Fig. 9). The feather key connection 182 between the sleeve 183 and the sleeve 183 may cause a slight axial displacement. A pulley 190 is non-rotatingly seated on the sleeve and is connected to another electric or other motor 191 (Figure 8) by a V-belt. Therefore, -41- 586969 V. Description of the invention (40) Make the sleeve 1 83 and a spiral mandrel 1 8 1 which is non-rotatably connected by a feather key 1 82 to a sleeve 1 8 3. The purpose of the disc spring 189 that presses (to the right of Fig. 9) the screw mandrel 181 and thus-through the nut 179-the support shaft 169-is to make the lid 176 firmly fit the centrifugal drum member 1 7 1 The edge of the opening abuts the elevated hydraulic pressure inside the drum. In a simpler embodiment of the present invention, the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 is directly rotatably mounted in the bearings 184, 185, that is, without intervening the sleeve 183. In this case, the pulley 190 can be seated directly on the spiral mandrel 181, so the disc spring 189 used for this purpose can be omitted. As also shown in the figure, the shaft sleeve 177 is installed to be fixed to the bearing by a flange and rotates in its own rotary bearing 192; the rotary bearing is then supported on the machine frame 162 by a table 193, so that the pulley 190 and The driving force generated by the motor 191 can be absorbed near the bearing 192. When the spiral mandrel 181 is rotated in one direction or the other direction by a pulley 190 and a motor 191 with respect to a hollow shaft 163 rotatably provided with the spiral mandrel 181 and a sleeve 177 connected thereto, Then, since the screw mandrel 1 8 1 is meshed into the nut 1 79, the supporting shaft 169 connected to the nut 1 79 will move in one direction or the other direction, so that the cover 176 coupled to the supporting shaft 169 can perform all operations. Required opening or closing movements. However, when the centrifuge is running, it carries the centrifugal drum piece 1 7 1 hollow shaft 163, a shaft sleeve 177 firmly connected to it, and an axially retractable and hollow shaft 163 and coupled to the cover 176. Support shaft 169, connected in a certain direction

-42- V. Description of the Invention (41) Continuous rotation. The opening or closing of the cover 17 6 depends on these parts, especially the supporting shaft 1 6 9 and the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 and whether the spiral mandrel 181 is higher or lower than the supporting shaft 169. Depending on the speed being driven. If the supporting shaft 1 69 and the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 rotate at the same speed, the supporting shaft 169 will not move axially in the hollow shaft 163. Only when the speed of the spiral mandrel 181 is higher than the speed of the support shaft 169, the latter moves in the hollow shaft 163 to open the cover 176. On the other hand, if the speed of the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 is lower than that of the support shaft 1 69 or the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 is driven in a direction opposite to the support shaft 1 69, the support shaft and the cover move in opposite directions, The lid 176 is closed with the centrifugal drum member 171. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the support shaft 1 69 and the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 always rotate in the same direction (except when the drum member is opened and closed). The above-mentioned hydraulic drive required for opening and closing the centrifugal drum member can be replaced by a simple mechanical drive, which does not have the disadvantage that the hydraulic device is easy to leak. But this is not the only advantage of the mechanical helical mandrel drive described above. In contrast to the hydraulic drive, the supporting shaft 1 69 is moved by a hydraulic cylinder flanged at the rear end of the hollow shaft 1 63. The force required to open and close the drum member and keep it closed is not the main rotating bearings 164, 165. Absorbed, but internally driven by a spiral mandrel. Because in the illustrated embodiment, the supporting shaft 169 and the spiral mandrel 181 rotate simultaneously and in the same direction, and because the starting of the axial movement of the supporting shaft 169 in the hollow shaft 163, only these parts 169 and 181 need to be at different speed Rotating in the positive and negative directions, even if the absolute speed of the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 is very high -43- 586969 V. Description of the invention (42) will only cause a small axial displacement of the supporting shaft 1 69. Here, the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 is used as a very low-pitch screw (fine thread), which means that it can be driven with only a small amount of force, so the motor 1 8 1 is driven by the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 It can be relatively weak, even when the support shaft 1 69 and the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 are driven in opposite directions. When the individual lifting movement of the centrifugal drum member is opened or closed, or even when the lifting movement is very slow, the hollow shaft 163 and the supporting shaft 1 6 9 on the one hand, and the spiral mandrel 1 8 on the other hand The differential speed between 1 changes towards zero, so that the rotation of these parts finally becomes synchronized. Its power is automatically increased, especially when the closed state of the drum is reached, which causes the lid of the centrifugal chamber 1 76 to be firmly pressed on the open edge of the centrifugal drum 1 71, even if the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 is driven. When the motor 1 9 1 is relatively weak. Once the centrifugal drum piece 1 7 1 and its supporting shaft 1 69 rotate faster than the spiral mandrel 1 8 1, the lid of the centrifugal chamber 1 76 will be automatically fixed to the centrifugal drum piece 1 7 1 immediately, even if There is a strong hydraulic force acting on the centrifugal chamber. The closed configuration of the above-mentioned spiral mandrel is thus used as a (fine thread) spiral mandrel with self-locking action, which does not require additional radial locking. In particular, in contrast to the hydraulic closing configuration, the above-mentioned closing configuration of the spiral mandrel does not require additional safety devices, such as a centrifugal speed controller, to ensure that the centrifugal drum is only opened at a certain drum speed. Because according to the present invention, the lid 1 76 of the centrifugal chamber is always automatically and firmly pressed on the open edge of the centrifugal drum member 1 7 by the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 as long as the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 rotates more than the supporting shaft 1 69 and its connected parts are slow, or rotate in the opposite direction. Fig. 9 shows the opening of the centrifugal drum member, and its supporting shaft 1 69 is slid from the right to the left of Fig. 9 by the spiral mandrel 1 8 1. As shown in the figure, the support shaft 169 has an empty chamber 194 in front of the nut 179 associated with it; when the closing movement of the centrifugal drum member causes the support shaft to be moved back (to the right of Figure 9), the spiral center The shaft 1 8 1 enters the hollow chamber, and accordingly the nut 1 79 is displaced in the shaft sleeve 177, which forms the hollow shaft 163 extending backward. In a non-illustrated embodiment of the present invention, the spiral mandrel may be a mandrel without self-locking, such as a conventional recirculating ball spiral. In this case, the force required to reliably keep the centrifugal drum member 1 7 1 in the closed state is provided by a permanently closed motor 1 9 1 which drives the hollow shaft 163 lower than the electric motor 167 and thus The spiral mandrel 1 8 1 is driven by supporting the speed of the shaft 169. It is also possible to set the brake that can be connected to the system to act on the corresponding part of the motor 191 or the spiral mandrel 181. The motor 191 can also be used as a brake, especially if it is a frequency-controlled electric motor. The motor 1 9 1 generally does not start the opening movement of the centrifugal drum member 17 1 until the speed at which it drives the spiral mandrel 181 is higher than the rotation speed of the centrifugal chamber drum member and its supporting shaft 169. Therefore, if the motor 1 91 is driven at a constant speed during the centrifugal phase of operation (Fig. 8), it can definitely keep the drum closed, as long as the drum speed is higher than the rotation of the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 speed. This movement of opening the centrifugal drum member only occurs when the solid ejection stage is switched to operation, when the speed of the centrifugal drum member 1 71 falls below the spiral mandrel 1 8 1. The motor 1 9 1 driving the spiral mandrel 1 8 1 can also be shut down when the drum member is closed -45- 586969 5. Description of the invention (44) or in the open state. Due to the self-locking effect of the spiral mandrel 181 in the nut 179, the spiral mandrel 181 and its motor 191 can be brought into idling motion by the hollow shaft 163 driven by the electric motor 167. Fig. 10 shows a further improved embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 10, parts corresponding to Figures 8 and 9 use the same symbols. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the spiral mandrel 1 81 is rotated by the pulley 190 and the motor 191 to move the support shaft 169 in the hollow shaft 163. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, The spiral mandrel 181 is non-rotatably connected to the support shaft 169, and the sleeve 183 in the form of a nut has an internal thread to mesh with an external thread of the spiral mandrel 181. The sleeve 183 is axially fixed on the end piece 186, and is rotated by the pulley 190 and the motor 191, so that the spiral mandrel 181 and its supporting shaft 169 can axially reciprocate, so that the lid 176 of the centrifuge chamber can It has been opened or closed in the way described above. As shown in Fig. 10, the spiral mandrel 1 81 is provided to be axially slidable by a feather key connection 182 in a portion 195 which is fixed to the support shaft. In this manner, the helical mandrel 1 8 1 is non-rotatably coupled to the support shaft 169, but can be moved a limited distance in the axial direction relative to it. A disk 197 against which one end of the disk spring 198 abuts is fixed inside the support shaft 169 by a nut 196. The other end of the disk spring 198 abuts against the inner shoulder 199 in the empty chamber 194 of the support shaft 169, so that the disk spring 198 can be pressurized to the support shaft 169 as in the embodiment of FIG. During the centrifugation phase of the operation, it can firmly rest on the open edge of the centrifugal drum member 171 (Figure 8).

-46- 586969 V. Description of the Invention (45) The embodiment of Fig. 10 is to some extent the "kinematic reversal" of the embodiment of Fig. 9. These two configurations are the same in terms of operation and advantages. In another embodiment (not shown) of the "screw closure" of the drum member 171 and the cover 176 of the present invention, the sleeve 183 used as a rotary nut in FIG. 10 may be installed at rest Between the machine frame 162 (Figure 8) and the drum 171, if the supporting shaft 169 protruding from the hollow shaft 163 has an appropriate external thread, it can be engaged with a sleeve serving as a nut. Again, the sleeve is driven by a pulley 190 and a suitably configured motor 191

Details of the reversible filter centrifuge 200 shown in Figs. 11 and 12 include a housing 201 in which a hollow shaft 203 is rotatably mounted on a stationary machine frame 202 by a rolling bearing 204. At least one other rolling bearing, not shown, is on the side of the machine frame 202 on the right side of FIG. 11. The hollow shaft 203 can be rotated by a driving device (also not shown, on the right side of Fig. 12). A shaft 205 is guided to slide in the hollow shaft 203, and although the shaft 205 can be displaced relative to the hollow shaft 203, a device such as a wedge-groove connection can be used to ensure that it can simultaneously rotate with the hollow shaft. That is, it is connected non-rotatably. A driving device (not shown) is connected to the slide shaft 205 and reciprocates in the axial direction as necessary. In the housing 20 1, a cup-shaped centrifugal drum member is non-rotating and cantilevered, and is flange-mounted to the hollow shaft 203 on the left side of FIGS. 11 and 12 -47- V. Description of the invention (46) Over the end of the bearing 204, the closed end wall 207 on one side of the closing drum member 206 (right side in FIG. 11) will be firmly connected to the hollow shaft 203. The drum member 206 has a filter medium 209 on its cylindrical side wall 208. It is opened on the casing side 201 opposite the closed end wall 207. The end of the sliding shaft 205 facing the drum member 206 carries a drum member base 2 1 2 which is firmly connected to the drum member cover 2 1 4 by fixing bolts, leaving a gap in the middle. In FIG. 11, the cover 214 covers the edge 211 against the opening to tightly close the inside of the drum member 206, the centrifugal chamber is sealed, and in FIG. 12, it passes through the shaft from the drum member base 212. 205 slides out of the hollow shaft 203 in the axial direction and rises away from the drum member 206. A filling tube 2 1 5 is rigidly arranged in front of the reversible filter centrifuge, located on the left-hand side of Figures 1 1 and 12; its function is to distinguish a solid and liquid component. The suspension is fed into the inside of the centrifugal drum member 206 (Fig. 11), and under the operating conditions of the centrifuge shown in Fig. 12, it passes through a perforation 216 of the sliding shaft 205. It can be seen from the figure that the outer frame 201 is sealed to the machine frame 202 behind the centrifugal drum piece 206. An annular seal 218 disposed in front of the rolling bearing 204 further seals and separates the machine frame 202 from the drum member 206. In this manner, the casing communicating with the centrifugal drum member 206 is hermetically separated from the machine frame 202. When the reversible filter centrifuge is in operation, it is first in the position shown in Figure 11. The sliding shaft 205 is -48- 586969 through proper control of its related driving device. 5. Description of the invention (47) Return to the hollow shaft 3 and the pressure medium cylinder 6 so that the drum member base 212 fixed to the sliding shaft is close to The closed end wall 207 of the centrifugal drum member 206. The drum member cover 2 1 4 thus abuts the edge of the drum member 206 opening in this procedure. When the centrifugal drum member rotates rapidly, for example, at a speed of 2000 r.p.m., the suspension to be filtered is continuously fed into the drum member 206 through the filling tube 215. The liquid component of the suspension passes through the filter medium 209 and is discharged through a screen 2 1 7. The solid particles in the suspension are detained in the filter medium 18 and become a tightly adhered filter block. The drum 206 rotates at a slow speed (e.g., 500 rpm). When the filtration has been completed and the supply of the suspension has been suspended, the slide shaft 205 moves forward to the left (Fig. 12), so the filtration formed by solid particles The block moves outward and is ejected into the housing 20 1 by the drum base 2 1 2 and is sent away from there. When the solid particles are ejected and stopped, the centrifuge moves back to its operating position in FIG. 11 by sliding the shaft 205 back. When the centrifuge goes from the operating state of FIG. 11 to the operating state of FIG. 12, the sliding shaft 205 enters the inside of the centrifugal drum member 206, as shown in FIG. 12. If the inside of the drum member 206 must be sterilized and the sensitive products such as food or medicine are kept free from bacterial infection, the unclean substances such as the lubricant stuck to the outside of the sliding shaft 205 may be removed from the machine frame 202 when the drum member is opened. Side into the inner centrifugal chamber, thus contaminating the inner chamber. The inside of the centrifugal drum is therefore re-sterilized and closed every time the drum is opened. Conversely, the residual components of the suspension may be deposited on the outside of the sliding shaft 205 when the drum is opened, and from there enter into the hollow shaft 203 installed in the machine skeleton-49- 586969 5. Invention Description (48) 202, resulting in Misoperation, especially with regard to the mobility of the shaft 205 in the shaft 203. In order to prevent undesired migration of materials in the form of solid, liquid or gas between the inside of the centrifugal drum member 206 performing the filtering procedure and the machine frame 202, the two chambers are separated from each other by partition walls. In the embodiments shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the partition wall is generally disc-shaped and is substantially a cylindrical bellows-type diaphragm 221, and its outer edge is joined to the outer edge of the end wall 207. The inner edge of the diaphragm 221 surrounding the center hole is bonded to a sliding shaft 205 very close to the base 212 of the drum member. In the normal (slow) state shown in Fig. 11, that is, when the centrifugal drum member 206 is closed, the bellows-type diaphragm is substantially flat, and its concentric wavy portion is in the plane of the diaphragm. When the drum member 206 is opened, that is, when the drum member base 212 is pushed forward due to the sliding shaft 205 relative to the closed end wall 207 (FIG. 12), the diaphragm 221 expands into a tapered structure, and its wavy portion is smooth Ground unfolded, as shown in Figure 11. The diaphragm 221 is made of a flexible material that can be elastically stretched and tightened, such as rubber. In particular, it can be seen from FIG. 12 that the bellows-type diaphragm 221 forms a sealed partition wall between the base 2 2 carrying the drum member and the centrifugal drum member containing the suspension; therefore, the inside of the drum member and the machine skeleton The sides are separated to prevent the exchange of substances. The reversible filter centrifuges shown in Figures 13 and 14 are different from the reversible filter and centrifuges shown in Figures n and 12 in that general bellows are installed only in Figures 13 and 14 222; one side of the bellows is bonded to the closed end wall 207, and the other side is bonded to the base of the drum piece 2 1 2 ， the base of the drum piece 2 丨 2 has a suitable -50- 586969 V. Description of the invention (49) The current protrusion 223 is used to accommodate the retracted bellows (Figure 13). When the centrifugal drum member 206 is opened (Fig. 14), the expanded bellows is in the same manner as the bellows-type diaphragm 221 in Figs. 11 and 1], and the inside thereof is separated from the sliding shaft 205. A differential pressure monitoring instrument can be connected to the partition wall in the form of bellows diaphragm 2 2 1 or bellows 2 2 2 to monitor wall leakage. As shown in the figure, a pressure P1 above or below atmospheric pressure is generated in the enclosed chamber 225 by the pump 224. In particular, as shown in Figures 12 and 14, the closed chamber 225 is connected by a pipe 226 to the partition wall (diaphragm 221 or bellows 222) facing the machine frame 202 and the side of the sliding shaft 205, so that the pressure P1 is also at Generated in a closed chamber 225. A pressure P2, such as atmospheric pressure, is on the opposite side of the partition wall facing the inside of the drum member 206. A measuring instrument 227 is used to monitor the pressure difference P2-P1. As soon as the reading is different from the predetermined value, a signal is immediately activated and / or the reversible filter centrifuge is stopped because a change in this differential pressure indicates a leak in the partition wall (diaphragm 221 or bellows 222). In the above embodiment, the bellows-type diaphragm 221 and the bellows 22 which are partition walls are flexible and expandable elements. Expandability is not absolutely necessary, for example the wall can be a flexible, non-expandable cloth that will shrink or fold when the drum is closed. Waves or folds of the diaphragm 22 1 or the bellows 2 22 may also be omitted. These components can also be smooth if the required expandability can be obtained from the elastic properties of their materials. Therefore, shallow diaphragms, which are more or less flat when not in use, can be used instead of bellows type.

-51- 586969 V. Description of the invention (50) The reversible filter centrifuge 230 shown in Figure 15 is used to handle chemical substances of different weights in a conventional manner. It includes a drum 2 3 4 which can be rotated by a A shaft 233 driven by a motor 2 3 5 and closed by an axially displaceable cover 2 3 6 is installed in the machine housing 232. The drum base 238 is firmly connected to the cover 236 by a support post 237, and is thus movable with the cover 236. A large part of the cylindrical wall of the drum member 234 is formed by the filter medium 239. The housing 232 includes a front portion 232a and a rear portion 232b. In the operation position of the centrifuge 230 shown in the figure, the substance to be filtered, that is, a suspension containing solids and liquids, enters the drum member 234 through the filling tube 240. The rotation of the drum member and the filter medium causes the solid to be collected inside the filter medium in a block form, and the liquid reaches the outside of the drum member 2 3 4 after passing through the filter medium 239, and is collected through the filter discharge pipe 231. When the filtering process is completed, in order to loosen the furnace block from the furnace medium 239, the cover 236 and the drum base 238 of Figure 15 are moved to the left, so the filter block is ejected and dropped to the front part 232a of the housing 232. Removed in container 242. After the filter block has been ejected, the lid 236 is closed again to return the centrifuge to its original operating position, and the suspension to be processed can be fed into the drum member 234 via the filling tube 240 again. The above-mentioned configuration including the housing 232, the drum member 234, and the drive motor 235 is itself rigid and is mounted to rotate about a horizontal pivot 243 in a vertical plane. The pivot 243 is arranged on an elastic cushioning element 244, which in turn rests on a fixed foundation 246 fixed to the ground 245. The cushioning element 244 may be, for example, a general rubber piece, and its function is to absorb and attenuate. -52- V. Description of the Invention (51) The vibration that may be generated when the drum member 234 rotates. The pivot 243 can be omitted if the cushioning element 244 itself can rotate the arrangement in a vertical plane. A conventional receiving tension or compression load, such as a force measuring element 248 of a load cell, is disposed between the housing 232 and another fixed base 247. Therefore, the function of the entire configuration is similar to a beam balance: the centrifuge 230 above the buffer element 244 is located on the left side of the horizontal pivot 243, carries the material introduced into the drum member 23 4 through the filling tube 240, and the right of the horizontal pivot 243 The force measuring element 248 is thus affected. The weight thus determined can be indicated on a scale (not shown). In order not to interrupt the weighing procedure, the container 242 that holds the filter block and is fixed to the ground 245 must be coupled to the housing 232 by a slightly soft, gas-proof coupling device 249, such as in the form of a bellows, so that the left-hand side of the configuration It is possible to rotate around the horizontal hinge pin 243. The treatment of the introduced chemical substance is to filter the substance under a certain pressure (upper or lower pressure). To obtain an upper pressure, for example, an inert gas or air may be introduced into the front portion 232a of the housing 232, which is separated from the rear portion 232b of the housing in a gas-tight manner by the partition wall 250. Due to the flexible coupling device 249 between the movable casing 232 and the stationary container 242, the air pressure in the machine will generate a destructive force P1 in the front portion 232a of the casing 232, which is upward in the case of upward pressure and in the case of downward pressure. Downward; this would mess up the weighing procedure because it would counteract the downwardly guided weight of the substance placed in the drum, or significantly increase its weight. The destructive force P1 must therefore be compensated in order to obtain the correct weighing. -53- 586969 V. Description of the Invention (52) For this purpose, the pressure sensor 25 1 is provided on the housing 23 2 of the centrifuge 230 to sense the air pressure inside the machine (the housing portion 232a). The force measuring element 248 in this configuration is connected to the weight indicator 253 by a wire 252, which includes a pointer 255 moving on a scale 254. The pressure sensor 251 is also connected to the weight indicator 253 by a wire 256. The weight indicator 25 3 contains a conventional electric device, so that the position of the pointer 255 can be properly adjusted according to the air pressure in the centrifuge 230, so that the pointer 25 5 always indicates the true weight of the chemical substance placed in the machine, or indicates filtering. The extent to which the pieces are dried. The fluctuating air pressure in the centrifuge 230 can also be quickly compensated by the configuration shown in FIG. 15. The other wire 257 connects the weight indicator 253 to the valve 258 controlling the filling tube 240 in a conventional manner, so when a certain filling weight is reached, the valve 258 is closed and prevents more material from entering the drum member 234 . The reversible filter centrifuge 260 shown in Figs. 16 and 17 includes a machine housing 26 1 which is shown in outline, which surrounds the drive part of the centrifuge (on the right side of each figure and is not visible), Also, a hollow shaft 263 is rotatably mounted in bearings 264, 265 above the stationary machine frame 262. The hollow shaft 2 6 3 can be driven to rotate rapidly by a motor (not shown). The hollow shaft 263 extends beyond a partition wall 266 in front of a closed machine housing 261 and contains an axially extending wedge-shaped groove (not shown) with one of the wedge portions 269 movable in the axial direction. The wedge 269 is firmly connected to the shaft 270, which is movable within the hollow shaft 263. The shaft 270 can rotate with the hollow shaft 263, but can move axially in the hollow shaft 263. -54- Description of the invention (53). A closed end wall 272 of a cup-shaped centrifugal drum member 271 is rotatably mounted on the hollow shaft 263 with a flange on the end portion protruding beyond the partition wall 266. The cylindrical wall of the drum member 271 has a large-area filter medium 273. The drum member 271 is opened on the side opposite to the closed end wall 272. Passing freely through the partition wall 266 and the closed end of the drum member 271, and facing the end of the shaft 270 of the drum member 271, a drum member base 274 is carried inside the drum member 271; the base is firmly fixed by the fixing bolt 275 There is a centrifuge chamber cover 276 leaving an intermediate gap; the cover covers the opening edge 277 to seal the inside of the centrifugal drum member 271 in FIG. 16. The machine casing 261 is formed by combining two casing chambers 278 and 279 in the area of the centrifugal drum member 271, which are separated from each other by an annular wall 280 near the opening edge 277 of the centrifugal drum member 271. The first chamber 278 is used to discharge the filtered matter which has passed through the filtering medium 273 of the centrifugal drum member 271, and there is an outlet 267 for this purpose. When the drum base 274 has extended the filter block deposited on the filter medium, it can be discharged through the outlet 268 in the second housing chamber 279. A rigid movable filling tube 28 1 is arranged in front of the centrifuge (left side in the figure), and is used to feed a suspension that can be divided into solid and liquid components into the centrifuge drum 27 1 Inside (Figure 16). During the centrifugation operation, the centrifuge 260 is first in the position shown in FIG. 16. The movable shaft 270 is retracted into the hollow shaft 263, and the drum member base 274 coupled to the shaft 270 is thus close to the end wall 272 of the centrifugal drum member 271. Centrifuge chamber cover -55- 586969 V. Description of the invention (54) The sub-276 can thus be attached to the edge 277 of the opening of the drum 271 with a sealing effect. When the drum member 271 rotates, the suspension to be filtered is continuously fed through the filling tube 28 1. The liquid component of the suspension enters the first housing chamber 278 through the filter medium 27 3 to become a filter, and is guided by a baffle plate 2 82 to a drain pipe 283 connected to the outlet 267. The solid particles in the suspension are detained in filter media 273 and become filter blocks. The housing chamber 278 is surrounded by a self-contained, rigid, circular, preferably circular housing section 284 (filter housing section), and an open edge thereof is affixed by a sealed (not shown) intervention At the partition wall 266 of the machine housing 261, another open edge formed by the end wall 280 is again in contact with the outside of the opening edge 277 of the drum member 271 through a sealing (not shown) intervention. The outlet 267 is formed on the lower side of the first housing portion 284 and is hermetically connected to the drain pipe 283 via a sealing (not shown) intervention. As can be seen in Fig. 17, the housing portion 284 can be pivoted on a vertical axis 285, so that it can be switched from a closed state surrounding the centrifugal drum member 271 to an open state. Figure 17 shows the partially opened state of the centrifuge 260. The casing portion 284 can be rotated further away from the centrifugal drum member 27 1 to make the drum member easily accessible and clean without being hindered by the casing portion 284 at all. The same applies naturally to the case portion 278. As shown in Fig. 17, the rotating shaft 285 is supported in a hinge-like manner by protruding portions 286, 287 which are firmly disposed on the housing portion 284 and the housing 261 (partition wall 266), respectively. Similar to the first casing chamber 278, the adjacent second casing chamber 279 is by nature -56- V. Description of the Invention (55) The rigid cup-shaped, cylindrical casing portion 288 (solid casing portion) Surrounded by. The housing portion 288 has a passage for closing the end wall 289 and its filling tube 281, and an open edge facing the end wall, and tightly abuts against the housing portion 284. Similar to the first housing portion 284, the second housing portion 288 is pivotable on a vertical axis 290 (FIG. 17), which extends through the protrusions on the housing portion 288 and the machine housing 261 (partition wall 266), respectively. Department 291,292. The casing portion 288 can also be rotated beyond the open position shown in Fig. 17 to completely and unhindered access to the centrifugal drum member 2 71 and the casing portion 2 8 8. An outlet 268 is provided on the lower side of the housing portion 2 8 8 and is hermetically connected to a drain pipe 293 (in a manner not shown). It is also possible to place only the second case portion 288 in the opened state and close the first case portion 284. In this case, the housing part 288 may be cleaned, for example, or the filter medium 273 and / or the centrifugal drum member 271 and / or the seal on the centrifugal drum member 271 or the drum member base 274 may be replaced. The outlets 267, 268 in the housing portions 284, 288 are sealed so that the rotation of the housing portions 284, 288 is not hindered, such as by using a sliding seal. The housing parts 284, 288 are preferably switched from closed to open when the lid 276 of the centrifuge chamber is closed (Figure 17). When the housing parts 284, 288 have been rotated and left a suitable distance, the lid can be raised Leave the drum piece 271. Alternatively, the housing portions 284, 288 can be substantially sized so that they can be switched from a closed state to an open state, and the lid 276 of the centrifuge chamber can be lifted off. In the illustrated form of the outer shell portions 284, 288, the second outer shell portion 288 first -57- 586969 V. Description of the invention (56) The transition from the closed to the open state, and the first outer shell portion 284 follows. On the other hand, the first casing portion 284 is closely attached to the machine casing 261 first, and the second casing portion 288 is tightly connected to the first casing portion 284 by rotation (FIG. 16). Before the second housing portion 288 is rotated to the open position, the filling tube 281 can be taken out and removed for this purpose. Alternatively, the filling tube 281 may be fixed to the second casing portion 288, and when the second casing portion 288 is opened, it can be relaxed through the perforation of the entrance of the lid 276 of its centrifuge chamber, and follow the second casing portion 288 — Then spin away. In this case, a suspension feeding pipe connected to the filling tube 28 1 outside the second housing portion 288 must be removed, or the feeding pipe must be flexible. As shown in FIG. 16, the filter housing portion 284 The solid casing portion 288 is connected to each other by a "gas compensation tube" 294 extending outside the casing and containing a check valve 295. Conventional reversible filter centrifuges do not have such a check valve 295. Therefore, if the above-mentioned pressure difference is generated during the normal operation of the centrifuge, the filter housing portion 284 and the solid housing portion 288 are in each other in both directions. Can be replaced by pressure compensation. Because without such a check valve 295, foreign particles can naturally enter from one enclosure to the other. When an upper pressure is generated as in one of the above-mentioned housing portions 284 or 288, the check valve 295 is installed in the gas compensation pipe 294 and is kept closed when the pressure is generated to avoid unnecessary transfer of foreign particles. This situation is again arbitrarily and carefully configured and is shown in Figures 18 and 19 • 58-586969 V. Description of the invention (57) is obvious. FIG. 18 shows an annular gap 2 9 6 located between the annular wall 2 8 0 and the centrifugal drum member 27 1, corresponding to the circular area X of FIG. 16. In the operating condition of Fig. 16, that is, when the centrifugal drum member 271 is closed, an airflow introduced into the filter material chamber 278 is generated in the direction of the arrow I; air can be used as an obstructing medium, for example. Conversely, if the solid is ejected by the advancing drum base 274, an airflow obstructing the medium is generated in the direction of the arrow I I through the annular gap 296. This is similar to the case where the annular gap 296 shown in Fig. 19 has two sealing bands 297 surrounding the annular drum member 271. This problem can be avoided if the obstruction of the medium air flow in the annular gap 296 is caused. The obstructing medium air flow in the annular gap 296 may be formed in a desired direction by an upward pressure or a downward pressure forming one of the filter housing portion and the solid housing portion. A combination of overpressure and downforce in these chambers is also possible. Instead of the gas preventing the medium from being introduced into the filter housing chamber 278 or the solid housing 279 and forming a corresponding pressure difference, it can also be fed directly into the annular gap 296, and from there it can be turned directly into the housing chamber in question. As shown in Fig. 18A, it is particularly advantageous when it is transported through both the filter housing chamber 278 or the solid housing 279, so that a double sealing effect can be obtained, and the transfer of foreign particles has been resisted. In this regard, Fig. 18A schematically shows two gas delivery pipes 298, 299 in the partition wall 280. In practice, many such pipes 298, 299 extend radially in the partition wall 280, for example from a common annular pipe and drain into an annular gap 296, where they produce the desired in directions I and 11 Obstructs media gas flow. Ring pipe is connected

-59- 586969 V. Description of the invention (58) To a gas source (pump) (not shown). In the embodiment of FIG. 19A, only one tube 300 is provided in the partition wall 280 to replace the two gas delivery tubes 298, 299; it can again be considered to surround the centrifugal drum member 271 and connect to The radial branch of the annular pipe of the pump. In this case, two of the directions I and 11 impede the flow of the medium gas from a single opening into the annular gap 296 in opposite directions. The annular gap 296 in FIG. 19A again includes two annular sealing tapes 297 surrounding the drum member 271 and fixed in the partition wall 280. The blocking medium is guided between the sealing tape 297 through the tube 300. It is also possible not to introduce a gas obstructing medium into the annular gap 296 in directions I and II, as shown in Figures 18A and 19A, but according to the operating state of the centrifuge, it can be introduced only in direction I or only in direction II. . The gas flows in the directions I and II shown in Figures 18A and 19A can be generated by the upper pressure in the tubes 298, 299, 300, or the lower pressure in the chambers receiving the air flow, that is, by the rapid rotation of the motor The filter housing chamber 278, or the solid chamber 279. The reversible filter centrifuge 301 shown in Fig. 20 includes a hollow shaft 303 rotatably mounted. The hollow shaft 303 extends beyond a partition wall 304 that encloses the machine housing 302 at the front, and contains an axially extending wedge-shaped groove (not shown) in which a wedge portion 305 is movable in the axial direction. The wedge 305 is firmly connected to the shaft 306, which is movable within the hollow shaft 303. The shaft 306 can rotate with the hollow shaft 303, but it can move axially within the hollow shaft 303 in the description of the invention (59). A cup-shaped centrifugal drum member 307 is non-rotatably flange-mounted on the end portion of the hollow shaft 303 protruding beyond the partition wall 304. The side wall of the cylinder of the drum member 307 contains radial channels. The drum member 307 is closed by an end wall 308 on one side and opened on the side opposite the wall 308. Inside the drum member 307, a drum member base 3 1 1 is firmly coupled to a movable shaft 306 passing freely through the end wall 308. The closed centrifugal drum member 307 (Fig. 20) rotates in a part of the machine casing 302. The liquid (filter) extruded from the centrifugal drum member 307 enters the drain pipe 314, which is flexibly connected to the machine casing 302 by a bellows 315. The drain pipe 3 1 4 can be closed by a check valve 3 1 6. The ejection and ejection of the solid separated from the liquid takes place in another part of the machine housing 302, which contains the pull-out cover 313 of the centrifuge chamber. This part of the machine housing 302 is flexibly connected to the solid dryer 3 1 0 by a bellows 3 1 7. The solid dryer 3 1 0 can be hermetically separated from the machine housing 302 by a check valve 318. In the illustrated embodiment, the anti-condenser 3 1 9 is disposed between the machine housing 302 and the solid dryer 310 (above the check valve 318), and is used to make the solid 3 2 0 entering the dryer Reduced primary size. This anti-coagulator is not absolutely necessary. The actual solids dryer 310, which contains the popped solids 320 of reduced size, includes a container 321 which can be heated by the electric heater 322. Heat is transferred to the solid 320 by thermal contact, thereby subjecting the solid 320 to drying. The container 321 can be turned by a rotating folding plate with a perforation 324 extending therethrough. 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (60) 323 is closed on the lower side. When the flap 3 2 3 is opened, the dried solid 320 enters another container 325 and its outlet is optionally closed by a check valve 326. The outlet of the container 325 may be connected to a container containing the product, and when the valve 326 is opened, a completely dry solid 320 may enter. The container 325 has an inlet connection 327 for the dry gas. The dry gas flows through the solids 320 of the container 321 through the perforations 324 in the flap 323, and is discharged through the tubes 3-28. The centrifuge 301 also has a filling tube 329, which is used to feed a suspension that can be divided into solid and liquid components into the inside of the centrifugal drum member 307 (Figure 20); in the operating state, The lid 313 rises and leaves, and the drum member base 311 is pulled out, the filling tube 329 enters the through hole 331 of the sliding shaft 306, and the displacement of the shaft 306 and thus the opening and closing of the centrifugal drum member 3 07 can be driven by, for example, a hydraulic drive motor. (Not shown, to the right of the figure) to complete. During the centrifugation of the reversible filter centrifuge, it is first in the position shown in Fig. 20. The slide shaft 306 is retracted into the hollow shaft 303. The centrifuge chamber cover 313 closes the open end of the centrifuge drum member 307. When the drum member 307 rotates rapidly, the suspension to be filtered is continuously fed through the filling tube 329. The liquid component of the suspension passes through the filter medium 309 in the surface of the drum member, and enters the machine housing 302 to form a filter, and enters the discharge pipe 314 from the housing 302. The solid particles in the suspension are detained in the filter medium 309 and become overspray. The centrifugal drum member 307 continues to rotate. One is usually slower and the filling liquid supplied by the pipe 329 is cut off by the valve 3 30 when the suspension supplied by the pipe 329 is cut off (to (Left), the filter block is moved outward and ejected. The solid particles enter the container 321 of the solid dryer 310 with the check valve 318 opened-after passing through the decondenser 319 and the solid 320 is additionally dehumidified and dried in the dryer as described above. When the ejection of the solid 320 is completed, the filter centrifuge 301 returns to the operating position in FIG. 20 due to the shaft 3 06 sliding backward. In this way, the centrifuge 301 can be operated under the continuous rotation of the centrifuge drum member 307. The above-mentioned configuration including the machine housing 302 and the centrifugal drum member 307 is itself rigid and is mounted to rotate about a horizontal pivot 332. The pivot shaft 332 is arranged on an elastic cushioning element 3 3 3, which then rests on a fixed foundation 334 fixed to the ground. A force measuring element 3 3 5 is arranged between the machine housing 302 and the fixed base 334, and a distance from the pivot 3 32. Therefore, the function of the entire configuration is similar to a beam balance: the upper centrifuge 301 is on the left side of the horizontal pivot 3 32, and carries the material introduced into the drum member 207 through the filling tube 329, and thus the force measuring element on the right side of the horizontal pivot 332 3 3 5 was thus affected. The weight thus determined can be used to check the amount of material in the centrifugal drum member 307. The force measuring element 33 5 can also be used to sense the degree of dehumidification of solids, because the ejection of liquid can cause weight loss. The above-mentioned bellows 3 1 5 and 3 1 7 on the filter drain pipe 3 1 4 and the solid dryer 3 1 0 respectively can prevent any damage of the weighing procedure, because they make the stationary part 3 1 4 and 3 1 0 From this point > Beam balance untie. Such a disengaging device (not shown in the figure) is of course also provided in the filling tube 329, for example, in the form of a tube shaped like a bellows in the shape of -63- V. Invention Description (62), which is located outside the machine casing 302 and is formed Part of the filling tube 329. As shown in the figure, the filling tube 329 is bonded to a tube 341 through which a gas can enter the inside of the centrifugal drum member 307. For this purpose, the free end of the filling tube 329 is inserted into the centrifugal drum member 307 by a rotatable seal 342 in an air-tight manner. In this way, a very high-pressure gas can be pressed into the centrifugal drum member 307 to blow fine solid pieces (filter blocks) which are still attached to the filter medium 309 and are still filled with moisture. The dry gas preheated to a certain temperature is further introduced into the closed centrifugal drum member 307 through the pipe 341, and then blown through the filter block and the solid is dried. The exhaust gas that has passed through the solid is discharged through the outlet connection 3 43 and the pipe 344. In this way, purely mechanical centrifugal drying can also be combined with air convection drying. It is also possible to compress the filter block with high pressure gas to remove the fine blocks. A pipe 341 containing a check valve 3 45 is connected at the end opposite the filling tube 329 to a device 346 for conveying gas. In addition to a gas source, the device 346 contains, in particular (not shown in a conventional manner) a compressor and a heater, so that the gas fed through the filling tube 329 can reach the required pressure and temperature. The device 346 can also process the exhaust gas conveyed through the pipe 344. For this purpose, it contains conventionally known dehumidifying devices (condensers), filtering devices, gas washing devices, adsorption devices and the like. The reprocessed gas is fed back to the reversible filter centrifuge 301 via the tube 341. The dry gas from the device 346 can be inserted into the solid dryer 3 10 via a tube 347, which is connected to the inlet connection on the container -64- V. Description of the invention (63) 327 and contains a valve 348 This dry gas passes through and dries the solid 320 and is discharged through the tube 328. As shown, the tube 328 carries a humidified exhaust gas back to the device 346, where it is reprocessed and recycled to the solid dryer 310 via the tube 347. A filter 351 is included downstream of the solid dryer 310 and the tube 328 to separate harmful substances. The filter 351 can be backwashed through a pipe 352 having a valve 353, and the pipe 352 is branched from the pipe 341. A valve 354 provided in tube 3 28 is closed during backwashing. A pipe 356 with a valve 357 branches from a pipe 328, which contains a vacuum pump 358 (suction pump) and returns to the device 346, which contains another valve 3 55 close to the device 346, so that the gas evacuated by the vacuum pump 358 can also be Reprocessing in the device. Therefore, when the valves 353 and 355 are closed and the valves 354 and 357 are opened, a vacuum (downforce) can be generated in the container 321 of the solid dryer 310, which is advantageous for dehumidifying the solid 320 in the container 321. The valve 348 in the container 321 is normally closed in this case. However, it is better to open the valve 348 slightly to allow a small volume of dry gas to pass through the tube 347 and to flow through the solid 320 as a so-called "submersible gas". This submerged gas improves the flow and discharge of the vapor formed through the tube 328 under vacuum. With the assistance of the vacuum pump 358, the solids 320 in the container 321 can be subjected to staggered compressive stresses through the tube 328, causing their anti-condensation or reduction in size. This is caused by the vapor pressure formed in the condensed solids 320. For anti-condensation caused by staggered pressures, the valves 354 in the tube 328 can be staggered open and closed under the vacuum conditions described above. For this purpose, the valve -65-586969 V. Description of the invention (64) 3 54 and the valve 348 are connected to appropriate control devices 361, 362, respectively. In addition to the sensors that have been mentioned for the force measuring element 3 3 5 and for measuring the degree of dehumidification, the device shown in the figure contains additional sensors ... There is one in the tube 347 The sensor 363 is used to measure the pressure and / or temperature of the dry gas delivered through the tube. Another sensor 364 disposed in the solid dryer 310 is used to determine the temperature and / or residual humidity of the solid 320, or the temperature and / or humidity content of the exhaust gas in the solid dryer 310. A sensor 365 in the liquid discharge tube 314 is used to determine the flow rate and / or the pH of the filter. A sensor 366 on the hollow shaft 303 of the reversible filter centrifuge is used to measure the rotation speed of the centrifugal drum member 307. The temperature of the exhaust gas and the amount of humidity contained in it can be measured by a sensor 367 in the exhaust pipe 344. A sensor 368 in the tube 341 is used to determine the pressure and humidity of the gas fed to the centrifugal drum member 307 via the filling tube 329. And recently, a sensor 369 for sensing the flow rate and / or temperature of the conveyed suspension is disposed in the filling tube 329. All these sensors or other sensors (if needed) are pipe connected to the control device 371, which is not specifically shown in the figure for the sake of clarity, and the control device is connected to the gas used for transportation and reprocessing Of the device 346. The control device 371 can be programmed in a conventional manner, so that the above-mentioned configuration can be automatically controlled in a self-disciplined manner, and especially during the individual drying process and intensity, that is, during the centrifugation process or the time required to feed dry gas through the tube 347 It can also be decided. The details of these control procedures are explained below. Reversible filter centrifuge 301 is closed by a check valve 318

-66- V. Description of the Invention (65) The mechanical and sealing separation of the components from the solid dryer 3 10 is important for the operation mode of the above configuration for separating liquids and solids and then dehumidifying and drying the solids. Although the invertible filter centrifuge 30 1 and the solid dryer 3 1 0 form a unit or a complete system, either of the invertible filter centrifuge and the solid dryer has a separate, closed system. None of the methods used to dry solids in the solids dryer 3 1 0 negatively affect the processes performed simultaneously in the reversible filter centrifuge 30 1. The drying procedure in the solid dryer 3 10 includes not only the contact drying described above (electric heater 322), convective drying (drying gas delivered via tube 347), and vacuum drying (vacuum pump 3 58), but also includes fluidization Or drying on a floating bed, which is generated in a container 321 of the solid dryer 310 by a drying gas delivered through a tube 347 by an appropriate high pressure. Since the two systems are separated by a check valve 318, the procedure in the solid dryer 310 will not further affect the charge control of the centrifugal drum member 307, such as by a gravity meter or radiometer method (g-ray) or for sealing purposes Airflow that may be introduced into the machine housing 302. This can provide a particularly advantageous feature if the gas fed through the tubes 341 and 3 47 flows back through the tubes 344 and 3 28 respectively, as shown in the figure and described, and reused after being processed in the device 346. Opportunity to efficiently and energy-efficiently share the gas in question between the two systems of the invertible filter centrifuge 30 1 and the solid dryer 3 1 0. An example of such air flow sharing would be The description is as follows; it can be divided into two stages or processing stages in the flip-over type-67- V. Description of the Invention (66) filter centrifuge 3 01 and solid dryer 3 1 0. In the first stage of the reversible filter centrifuge 301, the filling stage is performed, intermediate centrifugation, washing and final centrifugation, and centrifugation under pressure if possible. In any of these stages, no gas is required, except for centrifugation under pressure. And even in this step, only a small amount of gas is required. In the second stage, the gas passes through the solids (filter blocks) in the reversible filter centrifuge 301 for convection drying. The effect of drying depends on the condition of the gas (humidity, temperature) and the volume of the gas and its flow. A very large amount of gas is required at this stage. In the solid dryer 3 10, the conditions regarding the above procedure in the reversible filter centrifuge 301 can be directly retrograde. In the first stage, a large amount of gas flows through the solids 320 in the container 321, even when additional contact drying is applied by the electric heater 322. If the final drying is carried out in the solid dryer 3 10 in the second stage, theoretically no airflow is required. However, as already stated, it is better to have a small amount of gas, the so-called "submersible gas" flowing through the solid 320, because this can promote the movement of the last remaining liquid that is evaporated by the vacuum. However, no gas or only a very small amount of gas is actually required in this second stage. The method of distinguishing the entire dehumidification and drying process, and subdividing the energy condition into the above stages can be determined by experiments. The process engineering aspects and cost parameters must be considered at the same time. But the distinction so obtained is often only valid at certain times throughout the procedure. Many products are not homogeneously distributed in suspensions or change particle size due to crystallization or particle destruction. Furthermore, product -68 · V. Description of the invention (67) Frequently changed in the above equipment, and the optimal setting parameters must be re-determined each time. The best distinction between the reversible filter centrifuge 301 and the solid dryer 310 is that the individual drying stages are obtained by a self-control program like the above-mentioned regulating circuit, which again uses most of the above-mentioned sensors and The control device 371 is connected to a device for conveying dry gas. Therefore, if the dehumidification and drying process of the reversible filter centrifuge 30 1 and the solid dryer 3 1 0 can be continuously monitored by sensors that sense temperature, humidity, weight, flow rate, pressure, etc., it can be used The shortest possible time for complete separation of liquids and solids, including dehumidification and drying of solids. The measurement 値 is then continuously compared with the goals of the reversible filter centrifuge 301 and the solid dryer 310 値. The objective itself is based on knowledge or information related to economic dehumidification and drying. If the specified target is reached, the drying process of the solid dryer 3 10 is stopped, and the drying process of the reversible filter centrifuge 301 is also stopped. The flap of the solid desiccator 310 was opened and the material was evacuated, and new and pre-dried solids were transferred from the invertible filter centrifuge 301 into it. If the drying process of the reversible filter centrifuge 30 1 has reached the target 値, and the drying process of the solid dryer 3 1 0 does not reach the target 値, the drying of the reversible filter centrifuge 3 0 1 The result can be improved by increasing the gas production in the centrifugal drum member 307, increasing the temperature of the drying gas, and the like. The speed of the centrifugal machine can also be increased to improve mechanical drying (excretion -69- 586969 V. Description of the invention (68) d 1: a i n i ng). In this way, the product entering the solid dryer can be strongly pre-dried, and then can be dried in the solid dryer within a very short period of time. The operating time of the reversible filter centrifuge and solid dryer can thus be coordinated very evenly. Conversely, if the solid dryer is found to reach the target level before the reversible filter centrifuge 30 1, the operating parameters of the solid dryer 3 1 0 can be readjusted appropriately. It is also possible to adjust the operating parameters of both the reversible filter centrifuge 301 and the solid dryer 310 so that the two units can achieve uniform and coordinated operation with each other. With the procedure proposed here, the system formed by the reversible filter centrifuge 30 1 and the solid dryer 3 10 can be optimized even under the minimum total operation time target. In each batch, the proportion of mechanical dehumidification by centrifugation and the proportion obtained by heating with dry gas can vary considerably depending on the required time and results. Alternatively, the operation of the equipment including the reversible filter centrifuge 301 and the solid dryer 3 10 can be basically tested by each product, and the reversible filter centrifuge 30 can be cut off at the end of each stage time. 1 and the solid dryer 3 1 10 are controlled for a fixed period of time determined by the dehumidification and drying procedures. The dehumidification and drying time in the reversible filter centrifuge and solid dryer can be distinguished according to the ratio of 1: 1 or other ratios, according to the obtained operating conditions and the target to be reached, in order to maintain the most economical and reasonable Operating mode. Figures 21 and 23 finally show the reversible filter with optimum weighing -70- V. Description of the invention (69) Other types of centrifuges. Shown in Fig. 21 is a reversible filter centrifuge 401 for handling different weights in a conventional manner, which includes a drum member 404 rotatably mounted on a shaft 403 of a machine housing 402, which can be driven by a motor Driven by 405 and closed by an axially displaceable cover 406. The drum base 408 is securely connected to the cover 406 by a stay 407, and is thus movable with the cover 4 06. The housing 402 includes a front portion 402a and a rear portion 402b, which are separated from each other by a partition wall 422 in an airtight manner. In the operating position of the centrifuge 401 shown in the figure, the substance to be filtered, that is, a suspension containing solids and liquids, enters the drum 404 through the filling tube 411. The rotation of the drum member 404 causes the solids to be collected inside the filter medium 409, so-called 'filter blocks,' most of which are formed on the cylindrical wall of the drum member 404, and the liquid reaches the drum member 404 after passing through the filter medium 409. The outside, and is collected via the filter discharge pipe 412. When the filtration process is completed, in order to discharge the 'filter block', the supply of the suspension is cut off, and then the cover 406 and its drum base 408 are slid to the left of Figure 21, so the filter block is pushed out of the drum 404 by the base. Outside. As the drum member 404 continues to rotate, the filter block is dropped into the front portion 402a of the housing and dropped into a removable container 413. When the filter block is thrown out, the lid 406 is closed again, thus returning to the original operation position, and the suspension to be filtered can be fed into the drum member 404 via the filling tube 411 again. The above includes the housing 402, the drum member 404, the driving motor 405, and the charger-71-586969. 5. Description of the invention (70) The configuration of the tube 411 is rigid and is installed around a horizontal pivot axis 4 in a vertical plane. 1 4 rotation. The pivot 4 1 4 is then arranged on an elastic buffer element 415, which then rests on a fixed foundation 4 1 7 fixed to the ground 416. The cushioning element 4 1 5 may be, for example, a general rubber-metal element, and its function is to absorb and attenuate vibrations generated by the rotation of the drum member 404. The pivot 414 can be omitted if the cushioning element 415 itself can rotate the arrangement in a vertical plane. A conventional force-measuring element 419 that receives a tensile or compressive load, such as a load cell, is disposed between the housing 402 and another fixed base 418. Therefore the effect of the entire configuration is similar to a beam balance: the suspension introduced by the filling tube 411 into the drum 404 loads the side of the centrifuge 401 to the left of the horizontal pivot 4 1 4 and thus corresponds to the force measuring element 4 1 9 This affects the right side of the horizontal pivot 414. The element 419 is connected to the measurement indicator 435 by a wire 434, which may be a unit of weight or a scale indicating the state of charge, and includes a pointer 437 (which is moved on the scale 436). In order to avoid measurement errors, operate the centrifuge 401 like a beam balance to decouple its environment and make its machine casing 402 soft and airtight, such as a bellows coupling device 421 to the container 413, so that the left hand side of the device It is free to rotate about the pivot 414. The tube 410 connected to the filling tube 411 for feeding the suspension is suitably provided with a flexible tube 430, and similarly the device is rotated around the pivot 4 1 4 without malfunction. In some applications, we would like the filtering effect in the drum 404 to be carried out under pressure or pressure. In the illustrated embodiment, this pressure is generated in the inside of the drum 404 enclosed by the drum member 404 in the drum-72- through the pipe 410 and the filling tube 4 1 1. This pressure naturally depends on the cross section of the filling tube 411; due to the horizontal suction of the pressure in Figure 21, the force is also generated horizontally in the direction of the double arrow 440, and because of the filling tube 411 and the hinge pin 414 The distance between them causes it to generate a corresponding moment PIXa, which can be seen in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction as the pressure is above or below atmospheric pressure. The force P1 generates a moment P2 X b in the force measuring element 419 as the reaction force on the opposite side of the pivot 4 1 4. The relationship is: PI X a = P2 X b (1) In this formula, the force P2 As a destructive force, it can cause the weighing to be disturbed. From the above formula, P2 = P1X a / b (2). Therefore, the destructive force P2 is naturally a proportional function of the force P1, which is directly dependent on the introduced pressure being above or below atmospheric pressure, and the effect of the destructive force P2. Must be removed. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, the filling tube 411 is securely connected to an elbow where it enters the machine housing 402, and this elbow is then connected to the flexible part 430 of the tube 410. The bending angle of the elbow 431 is selected so that when an upward or downward pressure is introduced, the action line 450 (the broken line in the figure 22) indicated by the double arrow 440 to generate the force P1 intersects the pivot 414. Therefore, the arm a drawn in Fig. 21 becomes zero, and according to the above formula (2), the destructive force P2 will also disappear, so that the weighing can be performed without hindrance. -73- 586969 V. Description of the Invention (72) Figure 23 shows an embodiment different from Figure 22, in which the filling tube 411 is long, it is bent twice at right angles, and it is installed on the machine casing 402. It is supported on the housing by the pillar 442. The end of the filling tube 411 is bent vertically upward, and is arranged such that its axis intersects the pivot axis 414, as shown by the dashed line. Therefore, if the force P1 acting upward or downward in the direction of the double arrow 440 is introduced when an upward or downward pressure is introduced, it will be generated at the end of the filling tube 411 coupled to the tube 430, and then its action line 450 passes through the pivot again. The shaft 4 1 4 has no destructive force P2 for the reason described in FIG. 22. Explanation of component symbols 1 Housing 2 Machine skeleton 3 Hollow shaft 4, 5 Bearing 6 Pressure medium cylinder 7 Drive wheel 9 Wedge 10 Centrifuge 12 Shaft 13 Housing 16 Drum piece 169 Filter drum piece 17 Closed end wall -74- 586969 V. Invention Description (73) 18 Filter media 19 Edge 20 End 23 Base IV Drum base 25 Centrifuge lid 26 Fill tube 27 Area 28 Edge 285 Edge 29 Seal 30 Eccentric part 31 Pipe 32, 33 Valve 35 Arrow 36 Baffle 369 Filter housing 37 Outlet tube 37 Outlet tube 37 Nozzle 38 Outlet 39, 40 Opening 41 Valve -75- 586969 V. Description of the invention (74) 42 Tube 43 Check valve 44 Pump 45 Seal 46 Pneumatic device 50 Pressurized gas tube 51 Distribution Channel 52 Outlet 53 Pneumatic device 54 Nozzle 57 Perforation 55 Pneumatic device 56 Nozzle 58 Shaft 59 Disk 60 Channel 61 Edge 62 Nozzle 1 10 Reversible filter centrifuge 111 Housing 112 Machine skeleton 113 Hollow shaft 114 Bearing -76- 586969 Five Description of the invention (75 1 15 shaft 1 16 drum piece 117 closed end wall 1 18 Filter media 1 19 Cylinder wall 120 Side 121 Edge 122 Drum base 123 Fixing bolt 124 Cover 125 Filler tube 126 Center insertion hole 127 Tube 128 Squeeze valve 129 Tube 130 Hole 131 Baffle plate 132 Tube 133 Tube 134 Perforation 135 Close Element 137 Sleeve 141 Rotary bearing -77- 586969 V. Description of the invention (76) 140 Bearing set 142 Drive motor 143 Belt 144 Pulley 145 Shaft seal 146 Inlet 147 Bushing 148 Diaphragm 149 Pipe 150 Ring recess 151 Channel 160 Reversible Type filter centrifuge 161 Housing 162 Machine skeleton 163 Hollow shaft 164, 165 Bearing 166 Drive wheel 167 Electric motor 168 Wedge 169 Support shaft 170 Closed end wall 171 Drum piece 172 Filter media-78- 586969 V. Description of the invention (77 ) 173 Side 174 Drum base 175 Fixing bolt 176 Cover 177 Bushing 178 Long groove 179 Nut 180 Wedge 181 Screw mandrel 182 Feather connection 183 Sleeve 184, 185 Bearing 186 End piece 187 Nut 188 Disc 189 Round Coil spring 190 Pulley 191 Motor 192 Rotary bearing 193 Table 194 Room 195 Part 196 Nut-79- 586969 V. Description of the invention (78) 197 Disc 198 Disc 199 Inner shoulder 200 Reversible 202 Machine 201 Housing 203 Hollow 204 Rolling 205 Shaft 206 Drum piece 207 Closed 208 Cylinder 209 Filter 212 Drum piece 214 Cover 215 Filling 216 Perforation 217 Screen 218 Ring 221 Diaphragm 222 Bellows 223 Bulge 224 Pump end wall Side wall Media base tube Seal spring rotary filter Centrifuge skeleton shaft bearing -80- 586969 V. Description of the invention (79) 225 Enclosed chamber 226 Tube 227 Measuring instrument 230 Reversible filter centrifuge 232 Housing 232a Front 2 3 2b Rear 234 Drum piece 235 Motor 236 Cover 237 Pillar 238 Drum piece base 239 Filter medium 240 Filling tube 242 Container 243 Pivot 244 Cushioning element 245 Floor 246 Fixed foundation 247 Fixed foundation 248 Force measuring element 249 Coupling device 250 Partition wall -81-586969 V. Description of the invention (80) 251 Pressure sensor 252 Electric wire 253 Weight indicator 254 Scale 255 pointer 256 wire 257 wire 258 valve 260 may Rotary filter centrifuge 261 Housing 262 Machine skeleton 263 Hollow shaft 264, 265 Bearing 266 Partition wall 269 Wedge 270 Shaft 271 Drum piece 274 Drum piece base 275 Fixing bolt 276 Centrifuge chamber cover 277 Edge 278, 279 Housing chamber 273 Filter medium-82- 586969 V. Description of the invention (81) 272 Closed end wall 267, 268 Exit 279 Second housing chamber 281 Filling tube 282 Baffle 283 Drain pipe 284 First housing portion 285 Vertical axis 286, 287 Protruding portion 288 Housing 289 Closed end wall 290 Vertical axis 291, 292 Protrusion 293 Drain pipe 295 Check valve 294 Gas compensation pipe 296 Ring gap 297 Sealing band 298, 299 Gas delivery pipe 300 Pipe 301 Reversible filter centrifuge 302 Machine Housing-83- 586969 303 Hollow shaft 304 Partition wall 305 Wedge 306 Shaft 307 Drum piece 308 End wall 309 Filter medium 310 Solid dryer 311 Drum piece base 313 Pull out cover 314 Drain pipe 315 Bellows 316 Check valve 317 Air box 318 Check valve 320 Solid 321 Container 322 Electric heater 323 Folding plate 324 Perforation 325 Container 326 Check valve 327 Inlet connection -84- 586969 V. Description of the invention (83) 328 Pipe 329 Filling tube 330 Valve 332 Pivot 333 Elastic cushioning element 334 Fixed base 335 Force measuring element 341 Pipe 343 Outlet connection 344 pipe 345 check valve 346 device 347 pipe 348 valve 351 filter 352 pipe 353 valve 354 valve 355 valve 356 pipe 357 valve 358 vacuum pump 361, 362 control device -85- 586969 5. Description of the invention (84) 3 6 3 ~ 369 Sensor 371 Control device 401 Reversible filter centrifuge 402 Machine housing 403 Shaft 404 Drum piece 405 Motor 406 Cover 407 Pillar 408 Drum piece base 409 Filter medium 410 Pipe 41 1 Filling pipe 412 Filter discharge pipe 413 Container 414 Pivot Shaft 415 Elastic cushioning element 416 Ground 417, 418 Fixed foundation 419 Force measuring element 430 Flexible tube 431 Elbow 434 Electric wire -86- 586969 V. Description of the invention (85) 435 Measurement indicator 436 Scale 437 Pointer 450 Action line -87-

Claims (1)

586969 6. Patent application No. 9 1 105287 "Centrifugal filter for reversing filter" patent (Amended in July 91) 6 Application for patent scope 1. A reversible filter centrifuge that does not require filter cloth, including The centrifugal drum is rotatably installed in a drum shell, and is characterized by having a drum wall surrounding a fixed and stable filter medium; a shaft that can drive the drum to rotate; a sealable A cover which is closed at the open end of the drum member at the edge of the drum member; a feeding device for filtering the suspension and its filling tube leading to the inside of the drum member; and The base of the drum member, the base of the drum member, and the filter medium are axially movable relative to each other, and the solid component held by the filter medium is mechanically discharged from the drum member, and the base of the drum member is on its peripheral surface There is a seal which is tightly in the retracted position of the drum member base against the cylindrical wall of the drum member near the closed end wall of the drum member. 2. For the centrifuge of item 1 of the patent application scope, the diameter of the base of the drum member is only slightly smaller than the diameter of the drum member inside the closed end wall. 3. The centrifuge according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the centrifuge includes a pneumatic device for separating and discharging solid residues. 4. For the centrifuge of the first scope of the patent application, the filter medium is self-supporting. 586969 6. Scope of patent application 5. For the centrifuge of item 1 of the scope of patent application, the filter medium is made of metal, ceramic, plastic or a mixture of these materials. 6. The centrifuge according to item 4 of the patent application, wherein the filter medium is made of metal, ceramic, plastic or a mixture of these materials. 7. The centrifuge according to item 3 of the patent application, wherein the pneumatic device generates an air flow in the axial direction of the drum member. 8. The centrifuge as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pneumatic device generates an air flow in the radial direction of the drum. 9. For the centrifuge of item 3 of the patent application, the pneumatic device can be actuated synchronously with the relative movement of the drum base and the drum wall. 10. If the centrifuge is under the scope of patent application, the pneumatic device and the drum wall can move relative to each other in the axial direction of the drum member. 11. The centrifuge of claim 3, wherein the pneumatic device generates a pulsed gas flow. 12. The centrifuge according to item 3 of the patent application, wherein each nozzle outlet of the pneumatic device of the pneumatic device is rotatably driven from the wall of the drum member at different speeds. 13. The centrifuge as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pneumatic device has a nozzle outlet inside the drum member. 14. The centrifuge according to claim 13 in which the nozzle outlet of the pneumatic device arranged inside the drum member is arranged on at least a part of the base of the drum member. 15. The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, in which the outlet is provided inside the drum, and it is used for a liquid detergent, especially 586969. 6. The scope of patent application / is a solvent. Wash the drum wall. 16. The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the cover is firmly connected to the base of the drum member by a partition member. 17 The centrifuge according to any one of the items 1 to 14 of the scope of patent application, wherein the drum shell expands conically in the direction from the open end of the drum to the closed end wall 18β. The centrifuge according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the drum wall has a slightly tapered shape and is enlarged toward the open end. 19. For example, the centrifuge of the first patent scope, wherein the lid has an opening for passing a filling tube of the feeding device for filtering the suspension, and the outlet end of the filling tube is located inside the drum during the centrifugation process. . 20. If the centrifuge is under the scope of patent application 19, the filling tube can be connected to a pressure source or a low pressure source to change the pressure in the drum, and sealed with a joint rotation and sliding seal relative to the lid, Rotary seal can seal the filling tube relative to the rotating lid, and sliding seal can seal the tube of the lid relative to the axial displacement. 21. For the centrifuge of claim 20, in which the filling tube is supported on the casing in the elastic clamping device, which allows the filling tube to perform joint rotation and swing sealing swing. 22. The centrifuge according to claim 20, wherein the rotary and sliding seal includes a sleeve having a sealing ring and / or a brushing ring, and is rotatably installed in a sleeve fixed to the lid. 23. If the centrifuge of the scope of patent application No. 21, the rotary and sliding seal includes a sleeve, which has a seal ring and / or brushing ring, and is rotatably 586969. In the casing. 24 The centrifuge according to item 22 of the scope of patent application, wherein the filling tube has a relatively thick portion which is wedge-shaped on both sides of the outlet end. 25. The centrifuge according to item 23 of the patent application, wherein the filling tube has a relatively thick portion which is wedge-shaped on both sides of the outlet end. 26. The centrifuge according to any one of claims 19 to 25, wherein the filling hole in the lid can be sealed by a closing element that rotates with the drum member and is disconnected from the filling tube to avoid friction contact. 27. In the centrifuge of claim 26, the drum member may be connected to a pressure source or a low-pressure source by a tube from its side facing away from the filling tube. 28. For the centrifuge of claim 26, in which the drum member is arranged on a hollow shaft, and the closing element is displaceably mounted on the shaft, in this way it can be tightly removed from the inside of the drum member. The feed hole is sealed. 29. For the centrifuge of claim 27, in which the drum member is arranged on a hollow shaft and the closing element is displaceably mounted on the shaft, in this way it can be tightly removed from the inside of the drum member The feed hole is sealed. 30. The centrifuge according to any one of claims 19 to 25, wherein the filling tube is rotatably installed around its longitudinal axis, and can be set to rotate around the axis along with the drum member. 31. For the centrifuge of claim 30, the filling tube can be rotated synchronously with the drum by the driving device. 32 The centrifuge according to item 30 of the scope of patent application, which is equipped with a closed element which can be moved back and forth between an open position and a closed position. -4- 586969 Seal between the hole and the filling tube. 33. The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the drum member and the cover can be axially displaced relative to each other by a hollow shaft driven, and there is a support that can be moved back and forth in the centrifuge. The shaft moves the drum member to mechanically discharge the filter block. 34. The centrifuge according to item 33 of the patent application, wherein a spiral mandrel is arranged on the support shaft, and a nut is provided to be engaged with the spiral mandrel, and the spiral mandrel or nut can be rotated by the motor. The supporting shaft depends on the speed of the spiral mandrel or the speed of the nut relative to the hollow shaft, and can be retracted back and forth in the hollow shaft. 35. The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, in which the centrifuge has a safety device that prevents the lid of the drum member from loosening and opening, as long as the drum member rotates faster than the opening of a drum member. When it becomes dangerous above the critical speed, the drum member and the cover can be axially displaced relative to each other by a driven hollow shaft, and a support shaft can be moved back and forth inside it so that the base of the drum member can hold the filter The block is drained. 3 & As for the centrifuge under the scope of patent application No. 35, one of the spiral mandrels is arranged on the support shaft, and a nut is engaged with the spiral mandrel, and the spiral mandrel or nut can be rotated by the motor The support shaft depends on the speed of the spiral mandrel or the speed of the nut relative to the hollow shaft and the drum, and can be retracted back and forth between the hollow shaft. The drum is on the spiral mandrel or the speed of the nut driven by the motor. It is opened when the speed is higher than the hollow shaft, and closed when the speed of the spiral mandrel or nut is lower than the speed of the hollow shaft, and the maximum speed of the motor is selected so that it is transmitted to the spiral mandrel or screw 586969. 2. The maximum speed of the scope of the patent application cap is lower than the critical speed of the drum member, so that the drum member is opened only when it rotates below the critical speed. 37. The centrifuge of claim 36, wherein the screw mandrel or nut can be driven at different speeds by a plurality of selectively openable and closable motors, and the maximum speed of these motors is selected such that The maximum speed transmitted to the screw mandrel or nut is lower than the critical speed of the drum. 3a The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein a flexible and / or expandable partition wall is arranged on the closed end wall of the centrifugal drum and the base of the drum member movable relative to it, The wall provides a seal between the sliding shaft carrying the base of the drum member and the inside of the centrifugal drum member receiving the suspension. 39. The centrifuge of claim 38, wherein the partition wall is in the form of a bellows, and the bellows surrounding the sliding collar is fixed to a closed end wall on one side and to the other The base of the side drum piece. 4Q The centrifuge of the 38th scope of the patent application, in which a device is provided for monitoring the differential pressure of the pressure on both sides of the partition wall. 41. The centrifuge of claim 39, wherein a device is provided for monitoring the differential pressure of the pressure on both sides of the partition wall. 42. The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, in which the centrifuge has a device for weight measurement, the centrifuge is installed to rotate in a vertical plane, and a sensing centrifuge is related to the weight The force measuring part for rotation, and a compensation device for balancing the destructive force caused by fluctuating air pressure, so that the process of measuring the weight will not be affected. The compensation device additionally includes a sensor for sensing the air pressure in the centrifuge. A calibration signal can be generated, which is used to indicate 586969 depending on the sensing change in air pressure. 43 The centrifuge according to item 42 of the patent application, wherein it is rotatable about a horizontal rotation axis. 44. The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the outer shell of the centrifuge has a first chamber having an outlet for discharging a filter, and a second chamber having an outlet for To discharge the filter block, the first chamber is hermetically closed by the first self-contained housing portion, and the second chamber is hermetically closed by the second self-contained housing portion, and each of the two housing portions is additionally installed They can be rotated in different directions around different axes, so that they can be rotated relative to the centrifuge drum member between a closed condition and an open condition, respectively. 45 The centrifuge according to item 44 of the patent application, wherein the two housing parts are rotatable about a vertical axis. For example, the centrifuge of the 44th patent scope, where the first chamber is generally ring-shaped, and the second chamber is generally cup-shaped with a closed end wall, and when the second part is closed, it can be closely connected with the end The walls are aligned with the edges of the opposite part to the first part. 47. The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, in which a ring-shaped gap is between the casing and the centrifugal drum member, and the edge of the drum member in the area of the filter shell and the solid shell There is a protective device at the place where the gas flow of the gas blocking medium can create a ring-shaped gap around the edge of the drum. This blocking medium can prevent the gaseous and liquid state between the filter shell and the solid shell. And / or undesired transfer of solid substances 0586969 VI. Patent application scope 48 The centrifuge, such as item 47 of the scope of patent application, in which two streams of gaseous blocking medium can be generated in the annular gap, one of which is introduced The filtrate shell part, the other is introduced into the solid shell part. 49 The centrifuge according to item 47 of the scope of patent application, wherein a gas compensation tube having a check valve is installed between the filter housing portion and the solid housing portion. 50. The centrifuge according to claim 48, wherein a gas compensation tube having a check valve is installed between the filter housing portion and the solid housing portion. See the centrifugal machine as in any of claims 1 to 14, which includes a downstream solid dryer. The dehumidification and drying of solids are performed in the drum of the centrifuge by centrifugation and compressed by pressurized gas. And by the thermal convection of the flowing dry gas, and in the solid dryer by the thermal convection of the flowing dry gas. 52 The centrifuge according to item 51 of the scope of patent application, wherein the reversible filter centrifuge and solid dryer can be combined into a unit by a closed device that produces a sealed separation of the centrifuge and dryer, and the sensor is configured in the centrifuge Machine and dryer, which are used to determine the degree of dehumidification and drying in the interior and other operating parameters, such as the weight, pressure, temperature, flow rate and / or pH of the filtered matter, humidity, and The inlet flow rate of the suspension is provided, and a combination control device is provided, which can be actuated by the readings provided by the sensor, and adjust the operating data according to these readings, such as the speed of the reversible filter centrifuge, gas pressure, The gas flow rate and / or gas temperature, and the surface temperature that can be in contact with solids, this control device automatically adjusts these operating data so that the dehumidification and drying operation time of the centrifuge and solid dryer can be coordinated. The scope of the patent makes mechanical centrifugal energy on the one hand, and the thermal energy in centrifugal, machine and dryer on the other hand separable Best sex on the economy. 5a The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the centrifuge has a device for measuring weight, the centrifuge is installed to rotate about a rotation axis, and a force measuring member is used for sensing The weight-related deflection of the centrifuge casing that rotates around the rotation axis is caused by the drum parts being filled with different degrees of suspension, or different dehumidification of the solid components of the suspension. The deflection is displayed on the measurement indicator A tube is provided to generate upward or downward pressure in the drum, and the force action line generated by the upward or downward pressure in the tube is guided to cross the rotating shaft of the machine casing. 54 The centrifuge according to any one of claims 1 to 14 of the scope of patent application, wherein the centrifuge includes a casing that can rotate about a rotation axis, and a force measuring member for sensing the centrifuge casing that rotates about the rotation axis The degree of bias related to weight is caused by the drum being filled with different degrees of suspension, or the different dehumidification of the solid components of the suspension. The degree of deviation is displayed on the measurement indicator, and a tube is provided to An upward or downward pressure is generated in the device, and a sensor for detecting the pressure in the drum member can generate a correction signal, so that the reading can be corrected and corrected according to the r pressure. 55—A method for separating a suspension into a filtrate and a solid component, using a reversible filter centrifuge without a filter cloth as claimed in any of claims 1 to 54 of the scope of patent application, characterized by a suspension It is transported through the filling tube to the inside of the drum, the filter is passed through the filter medium by the centrifugal force generated when the drum is rotated, and the solid content is detained by the filter medium on the inner wall of the drum. The solids detained by the filtration / filtration media are 'mechanically removed from the drum by the drum base. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein before the solid component fluid is mechanically discharged, the airflow flows from the outside through the filter medium and enters the inside of the drum to make the solid component loose. 57. As for the centrifuge of the 56th scope of the patent application, the female airflow is caused by a downforce inside the drum. ‘5 & The method of patent application No. 56 wherein the air flow is applied in the form of one or more pressure or downforce pulses. 99. The method according to any one of claims 55 to 58 in which the solid component residue remaining in the filter medium is mechanically discharged in a radial direction by a gas flow after the solid component is mechanically discharged through the base of the drum member. And / or axially from the drum. 6Q If the method of any one of items 55 to 58 of the scope of patent application, the air current acting in the radial direction is when the base of the drum piece is moved from its starting position to the eject position near the open end of the drum piece again. Was produced. 6L The method according to item 60 of the patent application, wherein when the air current acting in the radial direction gradually moves from a starting position near the base of the drum toward its ejection position, it is generated synchronously with the movement of the base of the drum. 62. The method according to item 60 of the patent application, wherein when the drum member is rotated, the airflow acting in the radial direction is generated in a steady state manner. 6S The method according to item 61 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the drum member rotates, the airflow acting in the radial direction is generated in a steady state manner. 64 The method according to item 60 of the scope of patent application, wherein the airflow acting in the direction of the direction is -10- 586969 6. The scope of the patent application is overlapping the airflow acting in the radial direction. 65 The method of claim 61, wherein the air current acting in the axial direction overlaps the air current acting in the radial direction. 66 The method according to item 59 of the scope of patent application, wherein the air current acting in the axial direction is generated step by step as the base of the drum member moves from its starting position to its ejection position and when it moves. 67. The method of claim 60, wherein the air current acting in the axial direction is generated synchronously as the base of the drum member moves from its starting position to its ejection position and as it moves. ea The method according to item 61 of the patent application, wherein the air current acting in the axial direction is generated synchronously as the base of the drum member moves from its starting position to its ejection position and as it moves. 69. The method according to item 62 of the patent application, wherein the air current acting in the axial direction is generated synchronously as the base of the drum member moves from its starting position to its ejection position and as it moves. 7Q The method according to item 63 of the scope of patent application, wherein the air current acting in the axial direction is generated synchronously as the base of the drum member moves from its starting position to its ejection position and as it moves. 7L The method according to item 64 of the patent application, wherein the air current acting in the axial direction is generated synchronously as the base of the drum member moves from its starting position to its ejection position and as it moves. 7Z The method according to item 65 of the patent application, wherein the air current acting in the axial direction is generated synchronously as the base of the drum member moves from its starting position to its ejection position and as it moves. -11-