WO2002059195A1 - Compositions pour produit plastique photodegradable et biodegradable et utilisation de telles compositions - Google Patents

Compositions pour produit plastique photodegradable et biodegradable et utilisation de telles compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002059195A1
WO2002059195A1 PCT/CN2001/001601 CN0101601W WO02059195A1 WO 2002059195 A1 WO2002059195 A1 WO 2002059195A1 CN 0101601 W CN0101601 W CN 0101601W WO 02059195 A1 WO02059195 A1 WO 02059195A1
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Prior art keywords
iron
plastic
manganese
biodegradable
cobalt
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PCT/CN2001/001601
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Benzhong Hao
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Han, Changtai
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Application filed by Han, Changtai filed Critical Han, Changtai
Priority to EP01273441A priority Critical patent/EP1359190B1/en
Priority to KR1020037007670A priority patent/KR100787507B1/ko
Priority to US10/433,751 priority patent/US7291664B2/en
Priority to DE60134272T priority patent/DE60134272D1/de
Priority to JP2002559490A priority patent/JP3934553B2/ja
Priority to CA2431243A priority patent/CA2431243C/en
Publication of WO2002059195A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002059195A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C08L101/16Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18Manufacture of films or sheets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L5/00Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
    • C08L5/08Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L89/00Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
    • C08L89/005Casein
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-component composition that can be used in light and biodegradable plastic products, and its use in manufacturing various degradable plastic products in the field of single-use and packaging, and various degradable primary products made therefrom Plastic products in the field of sexual use and packaging.
  • starch is very easy to absorb water, and in the molding process of plastic products, even when the water content is very small, it is easy to generate air bubbles.
  • Starch is easily scorched at high temperatures, while plastics are processed at higher temperatures.
  • some companies use "biodegradable starch resin" mixed with high-density polyethylene and blown film to make shopping bags. Because starch is easy to scorch, it is difficult to form films for continuous production.
  • the present invention aims to provide a multi-functional composition for light and biodegradable plastic products, which can promote a large number of general-purpose plastics in the market (mainly including PE, PP. PS, PVC, EVA, ABS, PA, PET, etc. ) Degradation itself, making it environmentally friendly after disposal.
  • the method is to add a new multi-component composition to the above-mentioned general plastic raw materials, the ratio is 0.1-80 (weight percent), and it can be completely degraded in nature (sunlight, air, humidity, microorganisms, etc.) and A variety of plastic products consumed by themselves.
  • one aspect of the present invention is a multi-component composition for light and biodegradable plastic articles.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is that the multi-component composition can be degraded during manufacture.
  • various disposable and plastic products in the field of packaging are examples of various disposable and plastic products in the field of packaging
  • Still another aspect of the present invention is a variety of disposable and packaging plastic products made from the multi-component composition and capable of being degraded.
  • This photo- and biodegradable multi-component composition mainly contains the following various components and amounts.
  • Biodegradable ingredients It is completely starch-free, and is characterized by containing crustacean, casein, sodium phosphate (zinc, calcium, magnesium, potassium) and mono- or di-hydrogen metal salts, erucic acid Amides such as amides and oleic acid amides.
  • crustacean crustacean
  • casein sodium phosphate (zinc, calcium, magnesium, potassium)
  • mono- or di-hydrogen metal salts erucic acid Amides such as amides and oleic acid amides.
  • erucic acid Amides such as amides and oleic acid amides.
  • One or more of the above substances are used as biodegradable ingredients. Its dosage is 0.1-10 (weight percent). The optimal dosage is 5-10 (weight percent).
  • Photodegradation and autooxidation catalytic components It is a metal ion organic compound containing manganese, zinc, iron, cobalt, cerium, etc., including derivatives of ferrocene, mainly n-octylferrocene, n-octanoyl di Ferrocene, undecenoyl ferrocene, ⁇ -ferrocene butyric acid, ⁇ -ferrocene butyrate, and the like.
  • Iron thiocarbamate salts such as iron diethyldithiocarbamate, iron dibutyl dithiocarbamate, etc., compounds such as cobalt fatty acid (manganese, cerium, iron, zinc), such as cobalt formate ( Manganese, cerium, iron, zinc), cobalt acetate (manganese, cerium, iron, zinc), cobalt oleate (manganese, cerium, iron, zinc), cobalt laurate (manganese, zinc, iron, cerium) cobalt stearate (Manganese, cerium, iron, zinc), cobalt stearate (manganese, cerium, iron, zinc), etc., acyl compounds containing cobalt, manganese, iron ions, such as cobalt acetylacetonate
  • Biodegradable ingredients It is a carboxylic acid ester containing polyhydroxy groups, such as polyethylene glycol stearate, sorbitol palmitate, sorbitan laurate and ethylene oxide adduct, Epoxy soybean oil, epoxy acetyl castor oil, etc. Its dosage is 0.1-8.0 (weight percent).
  • Non-metallic mineral composition It contains talc, calcium carbonate, kaolin, wollastonite, etc., and its amount is 10 to 90 (weight percent).
  • the light and biodegradable multi-component composition according to the present invention is composed of the above 1, 2, 3 (or 1, 2), or one or more ingredients may be added to 4, and the content is based on each component and its weight percentage.
  • Degradation composite system made by extrusion granulation (or other way granulation) compatible with polymer resin raw materials. Adding it to the general-purpose plastic raw materials at a ratio of 0.1-80 (weight percent), the degradable plastic products made of single-use or packaging fields can gradually change the polymer's macromolecules into molecular weight in the natural environment. : Low small molecule oxygenates.
  • the agitated mixture is extruded using a screw granulator (36: 1 aspect ratio, the temperature of each extrusion zone is 50-200 ° C, the extruder speed is 25-450 rpm). grain.
  • a screw granulator 36: 1 aspect ratio, the temperature of each extrusion zone is 50-200 ° C, the extruder speed is 25-450 rpm). grain.
  • Example 2 Controllable light and biodegradable mulch
  • the particles of the multi-component composition of Example 1 were added to the low-density polyethylene (or linear low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene) at 0.2-8 (weight percent), and the amount of polyethylene resin was 99.8-92 ( Weight percent).
  • the mechanical properties of this degraded mulch film are basically equivalent to ordinary mulch films of the same thickness. Mechanical mulch films can be used.
  • the degradable mulch is non-toxic and harmless to soil and crops, and has good light and biodegradability.
  • the induction period of the degraded mulch can be controlled, usually 45 ⁇ 3 days, 60 ⁇ 5 days, 90 ⁇ 7 days, and 120 ⁇ 10 days. In the current year or the second year of the degradation mulch, it can be completely degraded and used by microorganisms to release carbon dioxide and water to achieve the effect of being completely absorbed by farmland.
  • the mixture according to the above-mentioned ratio can be made into degradable mulch films of various thicknesses.
  • it can be made into an ultra-thin biodegradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.005mm. Its mechanical properties, heat preservation and moisture retention properties fully meet the needs of farmland cover and crops, and the amount of mulch film per acre can be greatly reduced. Reduced agricultural inputs. Mechanical property test results
  • the particles containing the multi-component composition of Example 1 are added to a high-density polyethylene (such as Japan's Mitsui Corporation 7000F) at a ratio of 0.2-8 (weight percent), and the amount of the latter is 99.8-92 (weight percent).
  • a high-density polyethylene such as Japan's Mitsui Corporation 7000F
  • Example 4 Components and Dosage of Light and Biodegradable Multicomponent Composition (100 Percent by Weight Polyethylene Resin 22.2
  • the polyethylene resin and talc are weighed and placed in a high-speed stirred tank at 50 ° C. According to the proportion, epoxy soybean oil and epoxy acetyl castor oil are weighed and poured into the kettle.
  • the preparation method can be performed with reference to Example 1. Multiple composition particles were prepared.
  • the particles of the multi-component composition of Example 4 are added to the high density polyethylene (such as Daqing Petrochemical 5121A) or polypropylene (such as Yanshan Petrochemical 1300) or polystyrene (such as Yanshan Petrochemical 666D) in an amount of 5-40 (weight percent).
  • the amount of resin in the resin is 95-60 (weight percent).
  • the above-mentioned tableware complies with the hygiene standards of GB9688-88 "Polypropylene Molded Products for Food Packaging".
  • the above tableware can be abandoned outdoors after being used. Under the aforementioned natural conditions, it can be degraded into a powder form within 1-4 months and further degraded. It is used by microorganisms to release carbon dioxide and water to achieve complete absorption by the natural environment. Watch the effect of disappearing.
  • the particles of the multi-component composition of Example 4 are added to the polyethylene (polypropylene or polystyrene) mentioned in Example 5 in an amount of 1 to 10 (weight percent), and the amount of the resin is 99 to 90 (weight percent).
  • the polyethylene polypropylene or polystyrene
  • Example 7 Plastic and wire mesh for light and biodegradable soil and water conservation
  • the particles of the multi-component composition of Example 4 are added to high-density polyethylene (such as Qilu Petrochemical DGDB2480), or low-density polyethylene (such as Yanshan Petrochemical 2K1.5A), or linear low-density at 30-80 (weight percent).
  • Polyethylene such as Qilu Petrochemical DFDA7059
  • ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer such as Beijing Organic Chemical Plant EVA5 / 2
  • the amount of resin is 70-20 (weight percent).
  • the protective net is non-toxic to the soil and plants before and after application, and has good physical and mechanical properties, which can meet the requirements of soil and water conservation for the use of the protective net. It eventually degrades completely and is absorbed by the natural environment.
  • the particles of the multi-component composition of Example 1 were added to the polyethylene or acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer resin in an amount of 1-6 (percent by weight), and the amount of the resin was 99-94 (percent by weight). After uniform mixing, it is sent to the injection molding machine to produce a disposable degradable plastic lighter casing. Its physical and mechanical properties are basically equivalent to ordinary plastic lighters. However, it has good degradation properties in nature, and has become an environmentally friendly plastic material.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
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Description

用于光和生物降解塑料制品的多元组合物及其用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种可以用于光和生物降解塑料制品的多元組 合物以及其在制造能够降解的各种一次性使用和包装领域的塑料 制品中的用途和所制得的能够降解的各种一次性使用和包装领域 的塑料制品。
发明背景
随着塑料工业的迅速发展, 当前世界塑料产量已远远超过亿 吨。 据统计, 1999年全世界合成树脂的产量为 1.567亿吨。 其用 途已渗透到国民经济各部门以及人们生活的各个领域。 其中塑料 包装材料和制品约占 30 % , 大致为 4600万吨。 仅就中国而言, 1999年的合成树脂消费量为 1866万吨, 用于塑料包装业的制品 就达 500万吨左右。 就是说, 用于包装领域的塑料制品, 用量是 很大的。
塑料消耗量的迅速增加和人们对环境意识的提高, 使得降解 塑料的研究日益为人们所关注。 近年已有不少专利 (例如中国专 利申请号: 95191396 )报导, 采用合成的方法制造容易被光和微 生物直接作用的结构单元的新型高分子聚合物(如微生物聚酯、 脂肪族聚酯、 聚乳酸等) , 当其在使用后被废弃时, 利用光照或 微生物直接作用而降解。 用这种方法制得的降解塑料, 降解性能 是很好的, 但由于其合成难度大, 成本高, 很难在市场上大量应 用。
另有专利 (例如中国专利申请号: 98106850.2 申请号: 98101407.0 )报导了 "光降解和光崩坏" 材料。 他们采用在塑料 原料中添加光敏剂, 或光敏剂和碳酸钙、 滑石粉等矿物粉的混合 做法。 由于这些材料只是进行光崩坏, 其降解过程是由大块变小 块。 艮难得到满意的效果。
还有一些专利 (例如中国专利申请号: 95121178 申请号: 99100726.3 ) 报导, 在塑料原料中, 依靠添加淀粉, 作为生物降 解的诱因, 制成 "生物降解淀粉树脂" 。 众所周知, 淀粉是可以 被微生物利用, 但上述这些通用塑料的大分子物质仍然是很难降 解的。 最终仅在这些 "降解塑料制品" 的表面留下一些孔洞, 难 以做到真正意义的降解。 另外, 淀粉的颗粒往往比较大, 影响力 学性能, 很难加工成高强度和厚度很薄的制品。 同时, 淀粉很容 易吸水, 而塑料制品在成型加工中, 即使在含水量极少的情况下, 也很容易产生气泡。 淀粉在高温下很容易烧焦, 而塑料的成型加 工温度是比较高的。 例如某些企业采用 "生物降解淀粉树脂" 与 高密度聚乙烯混合, 吹膜制购物袋, 由于淀粉易烧焦, 很难成膜 连续生产。
这些都给塑料的成型加工带来诸多的不便。 也就是说 本领 域的现有技术不能真正实现市场上大量使用的通用塑料本身的降 解, 不能消除和減少 "白色污染" , 不能实现对环境的友好化。 发明概述
本发明旨在提供一种可以光和生物降解的塑料制品用的多 元组合物,它可以促进市场上大量使用的通用塑料(主要包括 ΡΕ、 PP. PS、 PVC、 EVA, ABS、 PA、 PET 等) 本身的降解, 使其 废弃后对环境友好化。 其做法是在上述通用塑料原料中加入一种 新的多元組合物, 比例是 0.1 - 80 (重量百分数), 就可以得到在 自然界(阳光、 空气、 潮湿、 微生物等条件) 里, 能够完全降解 并自行消纳的各种塑料制品。
因此, 本发明的一个方面是一种光和生物降解塑料制品用的 多元组合物。
本发明的另一个方面是所述的多元组合物在制造能够降解 的各种一次性使用和包装领域的塑料制品中的用途
本发明的再一个方面是用所述的多元组合物所制得的能够 降解的各种一次性使用和包装领域的塑料制品。
本发明的详细描述
为实施本发明的上述目的而采取的技术方案如下所述, 这种 光和生物降解的多元组合物主要含有以下多种成分及用量。
1. 生物降解成分: 它是一种完全不含淀粉, 其特征是含有甲 壳盾、 干酪素、 磷酸钠 (锌、 钙、 镁、 钾) 及其含有一氢或二氢 的金属盐、 芥酸酰胺、 油酸酰胺等酰胺类衍生物。 上述物质中的 一种或多种,作为生物降解成分。其用量为 0.1― 10(重量百分数)。 最佳用量为 5 - 10 (重量百分数) 。
2. 光降解和自氧化催化成分: 它是含有锰、 锌、 铁、 钴、 铈 等的金属离子有机化合物, 包括二茂铁的衍生物, 主要有正辛基 二茂铁、 正辛酰基二茂铁、十一烯酰基二茂铁、 γ -二茂铁基丁酸、 γ -二茂铁基丁酸丁酯等。 硫代氨基羧酸铁盐, 如二乙基二硫代氨 基甲酸铁、 二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸铁等, 脂肪酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌)等类的化合物, 如甲酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌) 、 醋酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌) 、 油酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌)、 月桂酸钴(锰、 锌、 铁、 铈)硬脂酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌)、 软脂酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌) ) 等, 含有钴、 锰、 铁等离子的酰基化合物, 如乙酰丙酮钴
(铁、 锰) , 其它类型化合物, 如月桂酸二丁基锡, 二苯甲酮及 其衍生物等。这些化合物中的一种或数种成分,其用量为 0.1 - 8.0 (重量百分数) 。 最佳用量为 3 - 8 (重量百分数) 。
3. 助生物降解成分: 它是含有多羟基的羧酸酯, 如硬脂酸聚 乙二醇酯、 山梨糖醇棕榈酸酯、 山梨糖醇酐月桂酸酯与环氧乙烷 加合物、 环氧大豆油、 环氧乙酰蓖麻油等。 其用量为 0.1 - 8.0 (重 量百分数) 。 4. 非金属矿物质成分: 它是含有滑石粉、 碳酸钙、 高岭土、 硅灰石等物质, 其用量为 10到 90 (重量百分数) 。
本发明所涉及的光和生物降解的多元组合物是由上述 1、 2、 3 (或 1、 2 ) 或者可以加入 4 中的一种或多种成分并按各组份及 其重量百分数含量, 与聚合物树脂原料等配伍, 经挤出造粒(或 其它方式造粒)制成的降解复合体系。 将其按 0.1 - 80 (重量百分 数) 比例加入到通用型塑料原料中, 制成的一次性使用或包装领 域的可降解塑料制品, 在自然界环境下, 可使聚合物的大分子逐 渐变成分子量 :低的小分子含氧化合物。
实际的测试表明, 这些分子量很低的含氧化合物, 很容易被 微生物利用, 放出二氧化碳和水, 达到在自然界里完全被消纳的 效果。 从而成为消除和减少 "白色污染" , 并对环境友好化的新 型材料。
实施例
实施例 1 光和生物降解多元组合物的组分及用量(重量百 数)
低密度聚乙烯树脂 85.8
甲壳质 7.0
芥酸酰胺 1.6
环氧大豆油 0.2
硬脂酸单甘油酯 0.8
环氡乙酰蓖麻油 0.4
γ -二茂铁酰基丁酸 3.2
油酸钴 0.8
月桂酸二丁基锡 0.2
按上述配方将低密度聚乙烯树脂称重,并
拌釜中, 按配比量将环氧大豆油、 环氧乙酰蓖麻油称重, 并注入 釜中, 搅拌 2 - 3分钟。
然后将其它各种原料称重, 并置入釜中, 继续搅拌 3 - 5 分 钟。
将上述已搅拌好的混合料,用 螺杆造粒机组(长径比 36:1, 各挤出区段温度为 50 - 200°C , 挤出机转数 25 - 450转 /分)挤出 造粒。 实施例 2 可控光和生物降解地膜
将实施例 1的多元组合物的粒子, 按 0.2 - 8 (重量百分数) 加入到低密度聚乙烯(或线性低密度聚乙烯、 高密度聚乙烯) 中, 聚乙烯树脂的用量为 99.8 - 92 (重量百分数) 。
经均匀混合, 将混合料置入挤出地膜机组的料斗中(机组为 PC - 65型或其它类型), 然后挤出吹塑成薄膜(薄膜厚度为 0.005 - 0.025mm ) 。 此降解地膜的力学性能, 基本与同厚度的普通地 膜相当, 可以使用机械覆盖地膜。 该降解地膜对土壤和农作物无 毒无害, 同时具有良好的光和生物降解性能。 该降解地膜的诱导 期可以控制, 通常有 45 ±3天、 60 ±5天、 90 ±7天、 120 ±10天。 该降解地膜覆盖的当年, 或第二年, 可完全降解, 被微生物利用, 放出二氧化碳和水, 达到完全被农田消纳的效果。
使用上述多元组合物与线性低密度聚乙烯(或高密度聚乙 烯) , 按上述配比的混合料可以制成各种厚度的降解地膜。 特别 是可制成厚度为 0.005mm的超薄降解地膜, 其力学性能及保温、 保墒性能完全符合农田覆盖和作物的需要, 而每亩地膜用量可以 大幅度降低。 減少了农业投入。 力学性能测试结果
Figure imgf000007_0001
实施例 3 —次性可降解塑料购物袋
将含有实施例 1的多元组合物的粒子, 按 0.2 - 8 (重量百分 数) 的比例加入到高密度聚乙烯(如日本三井公司 7000F ) 中, 后者的用量为 99.8 - 92 (重量百分数 ) 。
经均勾混合, 将其置入挤出吹膜机料斗中(挤出机螺杆直径 45mm, 长径比 28:1 ) , 并挤出吹塑成筒状薄膜(薄膜厚度为 0.01 - 0.5mm均可) 。 然后通过印刷、 冲裁、 热合等, 制成各种规格 的可降解塑料购物袋、 食品袋等一次性包装袋。 其力学性能与同 厚度的普通购物袋相近。 符合一次性塑料购物袋的技术要求。 其 卫生性也符合国家标准 GB9683 - 88《食品包装袋卫生标准》 的 要求。 该降解袋使用后, 如弃之户外, 20 - 80天可降解成粉末状, 并进而完全降解被自然环境消纳, 从感观消失。 实施例 4 光和生物降解多元组合物的組分及用量(重量百 聚乙烯树脂 22.2
干酪素 8.0
芥酸酰胺 1.4
月桂酸钴 6.4
二苯甲酮 0.4
月桂酸二丁基锡 0.2 环氧大豆油 0.2
环氧乙酰蓖麻油 0.4
硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯 0.8
滑石粉 60
按上述配方, 将聚乙烯树脂、 滑石粉称重、 并置于 50°C的高 速搅拌釜中, 按配比量, 将环氧大豆油、 环氧乙酰蓖麻油称重, 并注入釜中, 操作制备方法可参照实施例 1进行。 制得多元组合 物粒子。 实施例 5 —次性可降解塑料餐饮具
将实施例 4的多元组合物的粒子按 5 - 40 (重量百分数) 加 入到高密度聚乙烯(如大庆石化 5121A )或聚丙烯(如燕山石化 1300 ) 或聚苯乙烯(如燕山石化 666D ) 等树脂中, 树脂用量为 95 - 60 (重量百分数) 。 经均匀混合并挤出成型片材, 再经热成 型, 可制成一次性可降解塑料餐盒、 面碗、 饮水杯、 托盘等。
制成的上述餐饮具符合 GB9688 - 88国家《食品包装用聚丙 烯成型品》 卫生标准。 如上述餐饮具使用后弃之户外, 在前述自 然界条件下, 1 - 4个月可降解成粉末状, 并进一步降解, 被微生 物利用, 放出二氧化碳和水, 达到完全被自然环境消纳, 从感观 消失的效果。 实施例 6 —次性可降解塑料刀、 叉、 勺等快餐用具
将实施例 4的多元组合物的粒子按 1 - 10 (重量百分数) 加 入到实施例 5提到的聚乙烯(聚丙烯或聚苯乙烯) 中, 树脂用量 为 99 - 90 (重量百分数) 。 经均匀混合, 并置于注射成型机中, 可制成一次性可降解塑料刀、 叉、 勺等快餐用具。 其卫生性符合 GB9688 - 88《食品包装用聚丙烯成型品》的国家卫生标准。 降解 性能在户外自然界条件下 1-2个月破碎, 4-6月可完全被自然 环境消纳, 从感观消失。 实施例 7 光和生物降解水土保持用塑料护网
将实施例 4的多元组合物的粒子按 30- 80 (重量百分数) , 加入到高密度聚乙烯(如齐鲁石化 DGDB2480) , 或低密度聚乙 烯(如燕山石化 2K1.5A) , 或线性低密度聚乙烯(如齐鲁石化 DFDA7059 ) , 或乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物 (如北京有机化工厂 EVA5/2)等树脂中, 树脂用量为 70- 20 (重量百分数)。 经均匀 混合并送入挤出机料斗, 通过挤出制网成型, 可制成不同降解期 的水土保持用塑料护网。 该护网应用前后对土壤、 植物无毒害, 有良好的物理机械性能, 可满足水土保持对护网使用的要求。 最 终也完全降解, 被自然环境消纳。 实施例 8 —次性可降解塑料打火机外壳
将实施例 1的多元组合物的粒子按 1-6 (重量百分数), 加 入到聚笨乙烯或丙烯晴-苯乙烯共聚物树脂中, 树脂用量为 99- 94 (重量百分数) 。 经均匀混合后, 送入注射成型机, 可制得一 次性可降解的塑料打火机外壳。 其物理机械性能基本与普通塑料 打火机相当, 然而它却具有可在自然界中良好降解的性能, 成为 对环境友好化的塑料材料。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种光和生物降解塑料制品用的多元组合物, 由生物降解 成分、 光降解和自氧化催化成分、 非金属矿物质、 载体等组成, 其特征在于, 该多元组合物主要含有以下①、 ②、 ③、 ④四种; 或①、 ②、 ④三种成分及百分数用量,
①生物降解成分: 它是一种不含淀粉,其特征是含有甲壳质、 干酪素、 磷酸钠 (或锌、 钙、 镁、 钾)及其含有一氢或二氢的金 属盐、 芥酸酰胺和油酸酰胺等酰胺类衍生物等中的一种或多种物 质, 其用量为 0.1到 10 (重量百分数);
②光降解和自氧化催化成分: 它是含有二茂铁的衍生物, 主 要有正辛基二茂铁、 正辛酰基二茂铁、 十一烯酰基二茂铁、 γ -二 茂铁基丁酸、 γ -二茂铁基丁酸丁酯等, 硫代氨基羧酸铁盐, 如二 乙基二硫代氨基甲酸铁、 二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸铁等, 脂肪酸钴 (或锰、 锌、 铁、 铈等) 类的化合物, 如甲酸钴(锰、 锌、 铁、 铈)、 醋酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌) 、 油酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌) , 月桂酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌) 、 硬脂酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌) 、 软脂酸钴(锰、 铈、 铁、 锌)等、 含有钴、 锰、 铁等离子的酰基 化合物 如乙酰丙酮钴(或锰、 铁) , 月桂酸二丁基锡, 二苯甲 酮及其衍生物等中的一种或数种物质, 其用量为 0.1到 8.0 (重量 百分数) ;
③非金属矿物质: 它是含有滑石粉、 碳酸钙、 高呤土、 硅灰 石粉等物质, 其用量为 10到 90 (重量百分数) ;
④载体成分: 是通用型树脂, 如 PE、 PP、 PS、 ABS EVA, PA、 PET、 PVC等, 其用量是多种添加成分之外其余的重量百分 数。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的多元组合物, 其特征在于, 该①生 物降解成分的用量为 5到 10 (重量百分数) 。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的多元组合物, 其特征在于, 该②光 降解和自氧化催化成分的用量为 3到 8 (重量百分数)。
4. 根据权利要求 1-3 中任一项所述的多元组合物, 其特征在 于, 该多元组合物还含有助生物降解成分, 它是含有多羟基的羧 酸酯, 如硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯、 山梨糖醇棕榈酸酯、 山梨糖醇酐月 桂酸酯与环氧乙烷加合物等, 环氧大豆油, 环氧乙酰蓖麻油等, 其用量为 0.1到 8.0 (重量百分数) 。
5. 根据权利要求 1-4 中任一项所述的多元组合物在制备各种 光和生物降解的一次性应用和包装领域的塑料制品中的用途, 其 特征在于, 将制成的多元组合物, 按 0.1到 80的添加量(重量百 分数) , 加入到通用型塑料树脂原料中, 通过一种或多种塑料成 型加工方式, 制成各种光和生物降解的一次性应用和包装领域的 塑料制品。
6. 一种一次性使用或包装领域的塑料制品, 其特征在于, 其 是由根据权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的多元组合物制成的。
7. 根据权利要求 6 的一次性使用或包装领域的塑料制品, 其 特征在于, 其是可控光和生物降解地膜, 一次性可降解塑料购物 袋或食品袋, 一次性可降解塑料餐盒、 面碗、 饮水杯、 托盘等餐 饮具, 一次性可降解塑料刀、 叉、 勺等快餐用具, 光和生物降解 水土保持用塑料护网或一次性可降解塑料打火机外壳等可在自然 环境中降解或在规定时间内降解自毁的塑料制品。
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KR20030078061A (ko) 2003-10-04
CN1312318A (zh) 2001-09-12
US20040062884A1 (en) 2004-04-01
KR100787507B1 (ko) 2007-12-21
EP1359190A1 (en) 2003-11-05
DE60134272D1 (de) 2008-07-10
EP1359190A4 (en) 2004-08-18
EP1359190B1 (en) 2008-05-28
US7291664B2 (en) 2007-11-06
JP2004517203A (ja) 2004-06-10
TWI223591B (en) 2004-11-11
JP3934553B2 (ja) 2007-06-20
CN1233717C (zh) 2005-12-28
CA2431243C (en) 2010-09-14

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