WO2001091103A2 - Instrument und verfahren zum erzeugen von klängen - Google Patents
Instrument und verfahren zum erzeugen von klängen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001091103A2 WO2001091103A2 PCT/CH2001/000323 CH0100323W WO0191103A2 WO 2001091103 A2 WO2001091103 A2 WO 2001091103A2 CH 0100323 W CH0100323 W CH 0100323W WO 0191103 A2 WO0191103 A2 WO 0191103A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- string
- excitation
- sound
- strings
- magnetic field
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/24—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument incorporating feedback means, e.g. acoustic
- G10H3/26—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument incorporating feedback means, e.g. acoustic using electric feedback
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D1/00—General design of stringed musical instruments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/12—Anchoring devices for strings, e.g. tail pieces or hitchpins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a musical instrument, an excitation device for the contactless excitation of at least one tensioned string with magnetizable material, and a method for producing sounds.
- the known musical instruments can basically be divided into two groups, namely acoustic and electrical, in particular electronic, instruments.
- the acoustic instruments emit the tones or the sound at a sufficiently high volume so that a piece performed with an acoustic instrument is heard by the listeners.
- the acoustic stringed instruments comprise strings, a tensioning device for the strings and a sound body for producing and emitting a sound, the strings being mechanically set into vibration, the string vibrations being transmitted to the sound body and being radiated therefrom.
- the different stringed instruments each have their characteristic sound characteristics, which depend on the strings, the tensioning device, the sound body and the mechanical excitation.
- the electrical or electronic instruments generate an electrical or electronic signal, which is fed to a loudspeaker via an amplifier and is emitted by the loudspeaker as a sound signal.
- a keyboard or a keyboard is provided for playing an electrical instrument.
- the buttons can directly trigger an electrical signal and / or excite a physical system from which at least one parameter is tapped and converted into an electrical signal. Such a physical system can be used to record a stop characteristic. Synthesizers offer a wide range of signal modification options. In electric guitars and electric basses, the physical string vibration is mechanically excited and picked up by a pickup and fed to a loudspeaker via an electrical or electronic circuit. Midi devices, such as a midisax, can also be used to generate electronic sound signals.
- a midisax also records the air throughput and, if applicable, a force which acts from the lips on the mouthpiece, in particular on a leaflet.
- the recorded parameters enable the generation of a signal which, in addition to the pitch and length of the tone, also the dynamics of the volume and, if necessary, further sound characteristics. ten includes.
- the sound quality of an electrical instrument always depends on the circuit used and the loudspeaker connected.
- a device in which several tensionable strings of the same length are each excited without contact by an electromagnetic excitation element.
- the strings are made of magnetic material.
- the strings are arranged between two plates, the plates being held at a predetermined distance from one another by a cylindrical base.
- Each excitation element is supplied with a frequency, so that each string is excited and vibrates with its basic frequency, which corresponds to the respective string tension.
- a multivibrator with adjustable frequency is used to feed the excitation elements.
- To make the vibration of a string audible it is picked up with a pickup and the resulting electrical signal is fed to a loudspeaker via an amplifier.
- the sound produced by such a device results from the superposition of the fundamental vibrations of the strings that are clamped. It is therefore only a sound source and not a playable instrument. In addition, the sound quality is limited by the speaker.
- WO 98/28732 describes an automatically tunable electric guitar in which the strings to be tuned are electromagnetically excited and the string tensions are adjusted with an automatic tensioning device. Each string is excited with the frequency of the desired fundamental vibration and the effectively occurring string vibration is picked up with a pickup, so that the signal for the adjustment can be determined from the difference between the desired and the picked-up frequency. The amplitudes required for tuning are very small.
- the electromagnetic excitation device used sets the strings with a simple electromagnet in hardly audible vibrations.
- EP 0539232 describes a solution for extending the oscillation period of a mechanically excited string of an electric stringed instrument. For this purpose, the frequency of the excited vibration is picked up with a pickup. The signal from the pickup is amplified and fed to an electromagnetic excitation device which continues to keep the string vibrating. US 5070759 also describes a solution for Extend the vibration time of a mechanically excited string. It is proposed to use the excitation device as a pickup. In both solutions, the signal used for the excitation comes from the string itself and to generate the audible tone, the tapped signal is fed to a loudspeaker via an amplifier. The excitation devices described are each on one side of or under the guitar strings, so that the strings are freely accessible from the other side or from above.
- the excitation devices each comprise at least one coil and parts made of magnetizable and / or parts made of magnetic material. Each coil spans the entire string area. In order to be able to excite the strings sufficiently, compared to the pickups, coils with thicker wires and higher numbers of windings are used. Examples are also described in which the magnetic field density is different for the strings of different thickness and tension. For this purpose, the magnetizable material arranged in the coil is divided with slots into different areas assigned to the respective strings, or different permanent magnets are assigned to the strings. In the known excitation devices, the electromagnetic field used for excitation always extends over the entire area with all strings. If the signal comes from just one string, only a small area of the exciting field is used to excite that string. The efficiency of this excitation device is extremely low and only weak excitations can be achieved, which are emitted acoustically via an amplifier and a loudspeaker.
- Both acoustic and electric musical instruments have their respective limitations.
- the generation of the tones is restricted to the corresponding operation of the instrument by a person playing.
- electrical instruments the limitation is given by the use of a required loudspeaker.
- the known excitation devices for exciting string vibrations with electromagnetic fields only make vibrations with small amplitudes achievable.
- an inventive stringed instrument has the sound quality of an acoustic stringed instrument with diverse control by an output signal from an electrical or electronic instrument or device, in particular a synthesizer, keyboard, computer, midi device, a microphone or else any speaker output.
- an electrical or electronic instrument or device in particular a synthesizer, keyboard, computer, midi device, a microphone or else any speaker output.
- the strings are excited by striking, plucking or striking, the strings being set in vibration due to the mechanical excitation of natural vibrations or resonances with the corresponding overtone components.
- the overtone spectrum plays an important role for the timbre, but cannot be used, or only to a limited extent, in a controlled manner due to the mechanical excitation.
- the overtone spectrum of the strings can be excited in a controlled manner. Signals can therefore be used to control the inventive stringed instrument which directly excite overtones with selectable intensities, which is not possible with mechanical excitation.
- inventive stringed instruments when playing notes with harmonic handles, the key note is damped after the key note has been excited, so that the overtones can be heard. An overtone can never sound in the same quality or as a sine tone as if it were directly excited with the instrument according to the invention.
- overtones increases sharply towards high notes, so overtones can be played above the fundamental in the second octave 2, in the third octave 4, in the fourth octave 8 and in the fifth octave 16. Only a part of these overtones corresponds to a tone of the tempered mood, namely in the second octave 2, in the third octave 3, in the fourth octave 5 and in the fifth octave 7.
- the phenomenon of the dynamic nature of the sound development plays a role important role, which should not be the case with a loudspeaker.
- An instrument comprises at least one tunable string, a holding device for holding the at least one string, an electrically or electronically operated excitation device for non-contact excitation of the at least one string, a sound body for acoustic radiation of the string vibration and an interface for supplying a signal for the excitation device, the signal being generated independently of the at least one string.
- the excitation device enables the excitation of string vibrations with sufficiently large amplitudes so that the sound body can emit tones with volumes that are at least in the range of known acoustic string instruments, the volume ranges for large volumes preferably extending beyond the maximum volumes of known acoustic string instruments.
- at least one transmission element preferably a bridge, is arranged between the sound body and the at least one string.
- the inventive electro-acoustic musical instrument has the quality of resonance, or the discrete overtones, and enables a synthesis of acoustic sound beauty with electronic flexibility.
- the contactless excitation of the strings of an acoustic instrument achieves an effect that goes far beyond the electrical control of a mechanical excitation device.
- the aim is not to play the familiar style of acoustic, but to provide a new instrument that overcomes the limitations of known instruments and devices.
- a holding device which preferably comprises two side parts and at least one support column, the support column being arranged between the two side parts.
- the at least one string extends from one side part to the other and is connected to the side part in a tensionable manner at one end.
- damping elements are assigned to the holding device.
- hollow support columns can be stuffed or filled with rubber, in particular hard rubber, at least in sections. It has been shown that the generation of noise depends heavily on the two side parts. If stability ribs protruding from the inside are provided on the side parts, these should be paired be trained wisely and the space should be stuffed or filled with rubber, especially hard rubber.
- the sound box is arranged between the strings and the at least one support column.
- the surface of the sound body facing the strings is formed by a membrane.
- a bridge is provided on the membrane, over which the string is stretched.
- the sound body is formed separately from the holding device and is fastened to the holding device in such a way that the possibility of oscillation of the sound body and in particular its membrane is essentially not impaired by the holding device.
- the sound body can be formed by a flat membrane, which may have a shape deviating from a flat surface.
- a hollow sounding body is preferably used, which comprises frames which are arranged in a closed, ring-shaped manner, the membrane being fastened on one end face of the frames and a bottom being fastened on the other end face. If necessary, only ribs are attached to the membrane instead of frames.
- the holding device can also be formed by the sound body, in particular its sides. However, the holding device must have a high degree of stability in the case of several strings, in particular tensioned with high tension forces, which is preferably achieved with a holding device separate from the sound body.
- the membrane In order for the membrane to have particularly good vibration properties, it is made of tonewood with narrow annual rings and connected to the frames in a pre-stressed state.
- the tree rings In the tonewood, the tree rings are perpendicular to the surface of the wood surface, with the grain of the tonewood extending in a first direction of the membrane surface and tree ring following tree ring in a second direction perpendicular to the membrane surface.
- the membrane is less flexible in the first direction than in the second.
- a flat membrane, as a flexible surface in the untensioned state, cannot optimally absorb the vibrations that are transmitted to it via the web. For this reason, it is bent somewhat at least in the second, but preferably also in the first, direction and is thus pretensioned and fastened to the frames.
- the frames are curved on the end facing the membrane in accordance with the desired curvature of the membrane.
- Four frames are preferably provided, which together form a rectangle.
- the first direction of the membrane extends in the direction of the longer side of the rectangle.
- the second direction of the membrane extends in the direction of the shorter side of the rectangle. Accordingly, the faces of the shorter frames are more curved than the faces of the longer frames.
- the membrane takes the form of a partial surface of a torus or barrel body, this toroidal surface preferably protruding against the string and therefore radiating into a larger solid angle than a surface curved towards the inside of the sound body.
- a resonance body with the prestressed membrane described ensures particularly efficient picking up and acoustic radiation of the string vibrations transmitted via the bridge.
- the frames can also be put together to form another polygon, for example a square without a right angle or a hexagon.
- the membrane is given a corresponding shape. Sound bodies with a different shape may be desired due to better radiation characteristics or a different appearance.
- At least one opening is formed in the sound body, through which an air exchange from the interior of the sound body to the surroundings is made possible.
- the at least one opening is formed in the area of a frame, so that the sound component emerging through the opening also into the half space adjacent to the membrane or towards the front , exit.
- a chromatically tuned string set is preferably used.
- a single instrument with a chromatic stringing over two octaves can be provided.
- a single instrument with an alto and a bass octave would, for example, include strings in the tuning g-fis' and contra G to FIS.
- register instruments with 12 strings each, which are chromatically tuned and comprise an octave, are built.
- the register instruments could be provided as soprano, alto, tenor, bass and contra-bass instrument. Because with the With no excitement, the overtones of each string can be excited well up to high registers, with just a single register instrument you can make music from the lowest key to very high registers in all 12 keys. In addition to the chromatic tones of the tempered mood, a large number of overtones are available, which allows a wide range of special timbres to be created. In order to achieve the highest possible maximum excitable volume, at least two strings may be used, at least in individual string tuning positions. For bass strings, for example, it has been shown that the achievable volume doubles the volume when two strings are guided next to one another and excited by the same excitation device. In the case of higher registers, in particular old and soprano systems, it may be appropriate to assign three equally tuned strings to each excitation device.
- a register instrument according to the invention has a range of 5 to 6 octaves due to the specifically playable overtones. A bass and an old instrument together are therefore almost the size of a grand piano. In contrast to the grand piano, the instrument according to the invention ensures mobility in terms of weight and size.
- the register instruments can be arranged around the room, which means that a multifunctional, open system is available in which flexible room design is also important.
- An electronically operated excitation device for non-contact excitation of the at least one string preferably comprises an electromagnet on both sides of the at least one string.
- the excitation devices known from the prior art with the electromagnet arranged only on one side of the string cannot guarantee the preferred strong excitation forces or high accelerations of the string, at least not with an acceptable excitation power.
- the magnetic field energy cannot be used efficiently enough to deflect or accelerate the string.
- a system with two coils is used, the string to be excited extending through an air gap between the two coils.
- the string In order for the magnetic field of the coils to be able to exert a force on the string, the string must either have current flowing through it or it must comprise magnetizable material.
- the Biot-Savart force acts on a current-carrying string in a magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetic field and to the string, so that a deflection of the string is expected transversely to the axis of the coils and thus in the longitudinal direction of the air gap. If the string comprises magnetic or magnetizable, in particular ferromagnetic, material, then a deflection force can be transmitted to the string from the magnetic field via a magnetic effect.
- a weak excitation can only be achieved with a current-carrying conductive string.
- the force acting on the string through which the magnetic field flows can be formulated as follows:
- the required magnetic field is generated by two coils coupled in the same direction. No permanent magnet is required.
- the string is located in the middle of the air gap, in which there is approximately a homogeneous field with field lines in the direction of the common coil axis.
- a changing force effect is brought about by a changing magnetic field B or a changing current i through the string.
- care must be taken to ensure that the current does not heat up through the string. This would cause the string to stretch and the instrument to become out of tune.
- a string which comprises magnetizable, in particular ferromagnetic, material, but is preferably formed from this.
- an inhomogeneous magnetic field in the area of the string and therefore, as already mentioned above, a deflection force can be achieved.
- the at least one permanent magnet in the air gap and thus in the area of the string generates a strong magnetic field, which takes on a kind of potential function.
- the coils generate inhomogeneities in the magnetic field according to the excitation signal.
- the coils are wound in opposite directions and thus generate magnetic fields when flowing through them, which are directed towards each other with the same poles.
- the total magnetic field density given by the coils and the permanent field is increased towards one or the other coil.
- the inhomogeneous magnetic fields in the air gap which alternate according to the direction of the current, act with corresponding forces on the magnetizable material of the string. If a current flows through the coils, the magnetic field in the air gap changes. Where the field generated by a coil is in the same direction as the static field, the flux density increases, on the other side of the string the fields counteract, which leads to a weaker magnetic field. Because of this asymmetry, a resulting force acts on the string.
- two permanent magnets are preferably used.
- the two permanent magnets are each arranged in one of the coils and thus on both sides of the air gap.
- this arrangement has the disadvantage that the permanent magnets are arranged where the electromagnets have the highest flux density, which can lead to demagnetization of the permanent magnets in the case of strong alternating fields of the electromagnets.
- the electromagnets and the permanent magnets generate closed magnetic field lines, which experience great resistance in the air gap and around the electromagnets in the air.
- magnetizable cores in particular iron cores, which offer a closed path for the magnetic field lines except for the air gap with the string, the resistance of the magnetic fields, or the proportion of air in which the magnetic field lines form, and thus the resistance against the Magnetic field to be reduced.
- the permanent magnets can be used outside the coils in the closed path of the core part, as a result of which they are exposed to a lower field density of the magnetic field generated by the coils.
- care must be taken that the field strength generated by the electromagnets in the permanent magnets is smaller than the coercive field strength of the permanent magnets so that their magnetization is not impaired.
- the resistance to achieve the alternating magnetic fields can be reduced even further by the core part being formed by abutting core sheets with electrical insulation, as a result of which the occurrence of eddy currents is significantly reduced.
- the force effect of the magnetic fields of the coils and the permanent magnets on the string can be determined with an integration over a system boundary G surrounding the string. An estimate of the resulting force shows that it depends on the field strength of the permanent magnets and the field strengths of the coils.
- Permanent magnets with high magnetic flux densities can significantly increase the efficiency of the excitation device. If the greatest possible amplitude of the string is to be achieved with a small effective power supplied by the electromagnets, high-quality permanent magnets, for example samarium-cobalt (SmCo) or neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets, must be used. The efficiency can at least be doubled compared to solutions with ferrite magnets.
- a permanent magnet that can be used advantageously must make the highest possible magnetic flux densities achievable and must not be sensitive to external fields, or should have a sufficiently large coercive field strength.
- An excitation device with two E-shaped core parts, which are connected to each other by a permanent magnet in the outer two projections and each comprise a coil on the central projection, enables extremely efficient string excitation.
- the field strength in the air gap and the extension of the field in the direction of the string can be changed by narrowing or widening the central projection. If, for example, vibrations with small wavelengths are to be excited, it must be ensured that the expansion of the magnetic field in the direction of the string is essentially no greater than half the wavelength of the tone with the shortest wavelength, which is still to be excitable. If this desired magnetic field expansion is smaller than the diameter of the magnets to be used, the magnetic field emanating from the permanent magnets can be narrowed to the desired expansion by narrowing the core part at the central projection.
- E-shaped core sheets are commercially available and also high-quality permanent magnets, for example samarium cobalt (SmCo) or Neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets, are available inexpensively, the advantageous excitation devices can be manufactured inexpensively. It goes without saying that instead of the E-shaped cores put together, two C-shaped cores can also be put together, two projections assigned to one another being connected to one another via a permanent magnet and the other two projections assigned to each other being provided with a coil become.
- SmCo samarium cobalt
- NdFeB Neodymium-iron-boron
- the permanent magnetic field for all air gaps is based on at least one common magnet, the magnetic fields being supplied to the air gaps through the core parts. It goes without saying that the at least one common magnet can also be designed as an electromagnet.
- Arrangements with 13 or 14 pairs of projections can be used in chromatically tuned string sets with 12 single or multiple strings if the spaces between the strings are too small to insert the connection area of a core part or a permanent magnet therein. Where appropriate, such arrangements can also be used advantageously on known instruments with metal strings, such as a piano.
- each string is preferably an excitation device with two coils, at least one permanent magnet and two via the at least one permanent magnet associated core parts.
- the permanent magnetic field the field lines of which are primarily guided through the core parts, can also be generated by a current-carrying coil which is arranged around at least one of the core parts. If no permanent magnet is inserted between the core parts due to the electrically generated permanent magnetic field, a core part may be sufficient. Model calculations and tests have shown that the string is sensitive to frequency changes.
- the efficiency can be increased by a factor of 10 to 15 compared to solutions with ferrite magnets in the coils.
- the highest possible efficiency allows the strings to be set into extremely strong vibrations quickly with a reasonable amount of energy. This is necessary if the sound of the string vibration is to be radiated acoustically and in particular if the inventive instrument is to provide the sound of a plucked bass string, for example.
- a high degree of efficiency enables a good coupling of the string vibration to the excitation signal. In this way, both the frequency and the amplitude curve can be controlled.
- the excitation device enables not only the initial excitation of the string vibration, but also the control of the course of the vibration, in particular also a damping of the string vibration.
- the effective oscillation is preferably detected, an excitation signal in opposite phase is provided and the string is thus excited.
- the effective vibration can be detected via a separate pickup, via an optical deflection detection in the excitation device used for damping or via a signal detected by the excitation device. If vibrations with different frequencies are also to be damped differently, the amplitude measurement must be carried out as a function of frequency become.
- mechanical damping can also be provided instead of active damping by means of an excitation device.
- the mechanical damping takes place with the help of damper elements which can be brought up to the string.
- a mechanical damping preferably comprises two damper elements for each string, each of which can be moved against the string from opposite sides.
- the damper is driven, for example, by an electromechanical system that can dampen each string individually as well as all strings together.
- the electromechanical system comprises electric motors and / or electromagnetic lifting devices, in particular positionable lifting magnets.
- Each excitation device is operated via the interface, a signal from the outside being able to be supplied to the interface via at least one input.
- the interface is preferably designed such that essentially any electrical or electronic signals, analog, digital or also in MIDI format, in particular signals from synthesizers, keyboards, computers and signals from microphones or loudspeaker outputs, can be fed in.
- devices such as master keyboards, MIDI sax, MIDI guitar or other MIDI controllers are available for various instrument technologies.
- the interface preferably comprises, in addition to at least one MIDI input, a plurality of parallel sound inputs which can be switched in particular from analog to digital and vice versa.
- At least one microphone input is provided.
- the sound of a violin can be used for control via a microphone input.
- the interface preferably includes a damping input or pedal input, which is connected, for example, to at least one damping pedal.
- the damping behavior of the mechanical dampers and possibly the contactless damping is influenced by means of the excitation devices via the damping input, for example by omitting or weakening the damping when the pedal is depressed.
- the interface Based on the input signals, the interface generates control signals for the excitation devices or for amplifiers of the excitation devices.
- an input signal is forwarded directly to the excitation devices, so that the interface can only be regarded as a signal input.
- the signals that are used to control the instrument via microphone or sound inputs are not aligned with the properties of the instrument, the sound quality can be optimized by using filters and two different modes of excitation.
- a The first, called resonance mode, mode of excitation uses a common excitation signal for simultaneous activation of all excitation devices, the strings only responding to the signal components with the natural frequencies of the respective string in accordance with their natural frequencies or overtone spectra.
- a second, called split mode suggests the tones of the signal to the strings on which these tones sound.
- signal components are supplied to corresponding excitation devices or their amplifiers.
- the amplifier of an excitation device should have a high degree of efficiency, so that the largest possible proportion of power is transferred to the excitation of the string and a small proportion of the output is transferred to heat. In order to dissipate the heat generated by the power loss, cooling is usually necessary, which leads to large dimensions of the amplifier. In order to improve the active power, a class D amplifier should preferably be provided. Class D amplifiers are based on the principle of pulse width modulation and are described in B. Schweber, Class D IC Amps: Ready for audio prime time, EDN Magazine 1.7.1999. The input signal either turns the output on or off. The level of the output signal is controlled by the pulse width.
- the losses are mainly generated by the circuit breakers.
- the power loss arises with AB amplifiers, among other things. already by setting the working point.
- the achievable efficiency of class D amplifiers is in the range of 80 to 90%.
- special output filters are required to use such amplifiers in order to minimize the distortion factor. Since the excitation device itself already has a very large inductance, this is not necessary in the present instrument.
- the required frequency response must be known so that an amplifier can be designed to control the excitation device. For this reason, the frequency response of the system consisting of the excitation device and the string should be determined. Because the performance requirements for an amplifier for exciting a bass string are particularly high, the excitation of a bass string was analyzed in detail. The measured relative sound pressure shows that the bass string is no longer vibrated above a frequency of approx. 6 kHz. The bass string can no longer be excited even by increasing the input power. From a frequency of approximately 5 kHz the vibration of the bass string is reduced overlaid by a singing of the encoder coils.
- the distance between the resonances is no longer exactly ⁇ / 2, which can be explained by the physical properties of the bass string, in particular the fact that the nodes are not infinitely small.
- the low-pass character of the system can be clearly seen in the frequency response. This can be explained by the inductive load of the excitation device. If the string to be excited is not sufficiently tensioned, poor transmission of the string vibration to the sound body is observed, especially at low frequencies. In order to achieve good efficiency with the non-contact excitation device in the lower frequency range, the strings must be tensioned sufficiently well.
- the amplifier is preferably preceded by an equalizer, which raises the high frequencies.
- the frequency response is limited by the inertia of the string.
- half the wavelength is in the range or below the extent of the excitation device or transmitter length.
- ⁇ / 2 12.5mm.
- an encoder length of 10mm With an encoder length of 10mm, the limit of sensible excitation of the string has been reached. If no tones can be generated above 6 kHz, the amplifier only has to behave linearly below 6 kHz.
- Such class D or pulse width modulation amplifiers are commercially available. Therefore, a non-contact excitation device with high efficiency can achieve string vibrations that cover sufficiently large frequency and volume ranges.
- compositions and improvisation techniques that used the computer were only available to the electronically generated and radiated sound.
- these compositions achieve a novel, outstanding sound effect via the natural string sound and its radiation through the sound body made of wood.
- a cover is preferably provided.
- the casing is connected to the holding device and comprises at least one flat, preferably curved, directional element, which is used to restrict the spatial area into which the sound of the sound body is emitted. is settable. So that the casing can also take on a protective function, it comprises a base area on the back of the sound body facing away from the strings and then a wall area leading around the sound body.
- the at least one directional element can preferably be placed on the wall area as a cover, so that the envelope completely surrounds the sound body.
- lamellar directional elements are guided on a guide device.
- the directional elements can, for example, be aligned essentially in the direction of a dominant radiation direction. If necessary, the directional elements can form deflecting surfaces which, for example in the case of a horizontally oriented sound body, run at an angle of essentially 45 ° to the horizontal above the sound body and essentially deflect the dominant vertically upward sound of the sound body in a horizontal direction.
- an excitation device for non-contact excitation of at least one string can advantageously be used.
- at least one string of the known instrument can be controlled by installing the excitation device via an interface with a supplied electrical or electronic signal.
- the string to be excited must include magnetizable material.
- the excitation device that can be used comprises two coils arranged on both sides of an air gap for receiving the string, essentially around a common coil axis, and a magnet device for generating a permanent magnetic field, preferably at least one permanent magnet.
- the permanent magnetic field in the area of the air gap is essentially parallel to the coil axis and the coils are wound and connected in such a way that they generate magnetic fields with the same poles facing each other in the current-carrying state, so that an inhomogeneous magnetic field can be achieved in the air gap that the string can achieve with a Deflection force can be applied.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a stringed instrument with a contactless excitation device
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the sound body
- FIG. 2a, 2b shows sections according to A and B in FIG. 2
- FIG. 2c shows a detail from FIG. 2a
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of excitation devices.
- FIG. 5a is a schematic representation of the forces occurring.
- FIG. 5b is a functional representation of the force effect as a function of the deflection at different magnetic field strengths
- FIG. 6 shows a functional representation of the excitation effect as a function of the position of the excitation device.
- FIGS. 7a, 7b, 7c schematic representations of the mechanical damping.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of the contactless damping.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of the interface
- FIGS. 11, 12, 13, 14 are schematic representations of contactless excitation devices
- 15a is a side view of an instrument
- 16a-d are schematic representations of the instrument cover
- each string 102 or each multiple string strand is assigned an electrically or electronically operated excitation device.
- at least one carrier 104 with through openings 104a for the strings 102 is provided.
- two carriers 104 with excitation devices are arranged at different positions along the strings 102. Because the natural vibrations in the areas of their nodes cannot be excited, the different positions, different natural vibrations of the strings 102 can be excited differently well.
- the excitation devices of the one carrier 104 can be designed such that they act on the strings 102 with excitation forces over a greater length in comparison to the excitation devices of the other carrier 104 and are therefore more suitable for exciting vibrations with longer wavelengths.
- the holding device 103 comprises two side parts 105 and at least one, preferably two, but in particular three or more, support columns 106 connected to both side parts 105.
- the strings 102 are arranged between the two side parts 105, with a tensioning device in each case for tensionable attachment to one side part 105 is provided.
- One side part 105 comprises a scale plate 107, so that the string length increases gradually from a shortest to a longest string.
- ribs 105a are formed on the side parts 105 and are connected to the support columns 106.
- the ribs 105a are preferably designed as double ribs with a hard rubber intermediate layer and the support columns 106 are at least partially filled with hard rubber.
- the carriers 104 with the excitation devices are fastened to the support columns 106 and can be adjusted somewhat so that the strings 102 are guided through the passage openings 104a essentially in a centered manner.
- a sound body 108 is provided for the acoustic radiation of the string vibrations.
- the sound body 108 is designed as a hollow body and comprises a membrane 109, frames 110 arranged in a closed ring and in particular a base 111.
- the membrane 109 is arranged on one end face of the frames 110 and the base 111 on the other face side.
- the membrane 109 faces the strings 102, the strings 102 abutting a web 112, which in turn is in contact with the membrane 109.
- the sound body 108 is fastened to the holding device 103, in particular to the support columns 106, by means of a distance adjusting device (not shown) with damping rubber elements.
- the tension with which the strings 102 bear against the web 104 can be optimally adjusted by means of the distance adjusting device.
- At least one interface 113 is provided, to which control signals can be supplied via at least one input 113a.
- cables 113b lead from the interface to the excitation devices.
- a new, simply constructed sound body 108 with a prestressed membrane 109 was developed. 2, 2a, 2b and 2c, four frames 110 are combined to form a rectangle and are connected to the base 111 on one end face. The long side frames 110 stand somewhat outwards against the membrane 109.
- longitudinal ribs 114 are attached to the frames 110 in the membrane 109, which are inward and essentially parallel to the membrane 109, but somewhat spaced therefrom.
- the diaphragm 109 has particularly good vibration properties, it is made from tonewood with narrow tree rings and connected to the frames in a prestressed state.
- the tree rings are perpendicular to the surface, the direction of the fibers preferably extends in the direction of the large rectangle side and in the direction of the small rectangle side, tree rings follow tree rings.
- the membrane 109 is bent at least perpendicular to the fiber direction, but preferably also somewhat along the fiber direction, and is thus pretensioned, in particular glued to the frames 110.
- the frames 110 are curved on the end face that faces the membrane 109, the end faces of the shorter frames being more curved than the end faces of the longer frames.
- the preferred radii of curvature depend on the quality of the wood and are below 1.2 m for the short side, in particular below 1 m, preferably essentially 0.95 m.
- the preferred radii of curvature are above 10 m, in particular above 12 m, preferably essentially 14 m.
- the membrane 109 thereby takes the form of a partial surface of a to s or a barrel body, this toroidal surface preferably protruding against the string and therefore radiating into a larger solid angle than a surface curved towards the inside of the sound body.
- the longitudinal ribs 114 prevent the tension of the membrane 109 from causing the long frames 110 to deform.
- the at least one opening 115 for the air exchange and the emission of sound from the inside of the sound body 108 is formed in the central region of the long frames 110.
- the opening 115 extends in a slot-like manner through the frames 110 and the longitudinal ribs 114. 115 to hold the membrane 109, a holding area 114a protruding up to the membrane 109 is formed on the longitudinal ribs 114.
- FIG. 3 shows an excitation device 116 with which an oscillating force F can be exerted on a string 117 with magnetizable material perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the string 117.
- Coils 118 are arranged on both sides of the string 117 and permanent magnets 119 are arranged in the coils 118.
- the two permanent magnets are aligned in the same way and generate a strong magnetic field with the string 117 in an air gap 120.
- the coils 118 In order to set the string in oscillation in this permanent magnetic field, the coils 118 generate inhomogeneities in the magnetic field in accordance with an excitation signal.
- the coils 118 are wound in opposite directions and connected in such a way that magnetic fields, which are each directed towards one another with the same poles, arise.
- the total magnetic field density given by the coils and the permanent field is increased towards one or the other coil.
- the inhomogeneous magnetic fields in the air gap which alternate according to the direction of the current act with corresponding forces on the magnetizable material of the string 117.
- FIG. 4 shows a preferred excitation device 116 ', in which magnetizable core parts 121, in particular iron cores constructed from electrical sheets, are used.
- These core parts 121 are E-shaped, the outer two projections 121a being connected to one another via a permanent magnet 119 and a coil 118 being arranged around the central projection 121b.
- the coils 118 are wound or connected in opposite directions as shown in FIG. 3.
- the field strength in the air gap 120 and the expansion of the field in the direction of the string 117 can be changed by narrowing or widening the central projection 121b.
- the core parts 121 By means of the core parts 121, the proportion of air in which the magnetic field lines form and thus the resistance to the magnetic field can be reduced.
- the field density in the region of the air gap 120 can thereby be increased.
- the superimposition of the fields of the permanent and electromagnets 119, 118 leads to the inhomogeneous magnetic field shown in the air gap 120.
- the force effect of the inhomogeneous field on the string 117 can be determined from the Maxwell tension by an integration via a system boundary G surrounding the string.
- the system boundary G is divided into four partial areas A1, A2, A3 and A4 for an estimate of the forces in the direction of the common axis of the coils 118 and it is assumed that the magnetic field is perpendicular to the areas A1 and A2 has a substantially constant value B1 or B2.
- the magnetic field is vanishingly small perpendicular to surfaces A3 and A4.
- the forces F1 and F2 acting on the partial areas A1 and A2 can be calculated as follows:
- B d1 , B d2 flux densities generated by the permanent magnets in the areas A1 and A2, B E flux densities generated by an electromagnet in A1 and A2, A represent a surface and ⁇ o a magnetic field constant
- 5b shows the force effect on the string 117 as a function of its deflection in the direction of the axis of the electromagnets 118 for three different types of permanent magnets 119 which generate magnetic fields of 0.25, 0.5 and 1T in the air gap. In the center of the air gap, or at the deflection 0, the force is essentially proportional to the magnetic field of the permanent magnet.
- 7a and 7b schematically show two solutions for the mechanical damping of a string 102.
- the mechanical damping takes place with the aid of dampers 122 which are brought to the string from two sides.
- the dampers 122 are moved to and from the string 102 about a pivot point 123 on one side of this pivot point.
- the damper is moved against each other, whereby the string can be clamped between the dampers.
- An electromechanical system is used to drive the damper movement, with which each string can be damped individually as well as all strings together.
- the type of damping in particular the minimum distance of the dampers 122 from the string 102, is set, for example, using a pedal or another control device.
- each damper can assume a position or perform a position movement in the range between the maximum damping pressure on the string + and the complete release of the string -.
- the pedal can be used to adjust the effective position and / or a lifting movement carried out during damping. It is possible to flexibly exceed the zero point given by the pedal, in particular up to the maximum damping pressure. As a result, strongly vibrating strings can be ideally damped even when the damping is weak due to the pedal position.
- the mechanical dampers each have a damper sole with a damper thrust, as well as an adjusting device for aligning the damper shoe along and across the string.
- the dampers are actuated by mechanical lifting devices with electric motors or electromagnets.
- the drive systems must have position control. The zero point is set either by synchronous positioning of the magnet systems or centrally by a separate drive system.
- FIG. 8 shows a damping solution in which the vibration of the strings 102 is recorded individually and the strings 102 are excited in opposite phase in accordance with the recorded string vibration using an excitation device 116 '.
- the movement of the string 102 is detected via a position measuring device 124, for example an optical distance measurement, but possibly via a measurement on the excitation device, for example an induction measurement.
- a speed signal can be derived from the position measurement and can be used to generate a damping force.
- the position or movement of the string is measured as close as possible to the excitation or damping device.
- a control circuit which specifies the amplitude profile of the string vibration during the damping process via a set function.
- the decay process can be monitored with an amplitude measurement and possibly influenced due to deviations.
- the amplitude measurement must be insensitive to lateral vibrations so that unwanted movements cannot be stimulated by the damping. If the amplitude measurement is frequency-selective, the damping can also be carried out frequency-selectively.
- the non-contact damping enables a targeted deletion of signal spectra in a signal. This functionality is not possible with a mechanical damper. For optimal damping, the transmitted force should attack in an antinode.
- FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of an interface 113 with different inputs.
- at least one MIDI input 125 there are several parallel sound inputs 126, which can be switched in particular from analog 126a to digital 126b and vice versa.
- At least one microphone input 127 is preferably provided.
- the sound of a violin can be used for control via a microphone input. If a chromatic signal for controlling the individual strings is now available for an instrument with a chromatic string set, then it is expedient to use an interface with a chromatic input 128, which results in an ideal assignment of the tones and in particular no clumping of tones.
- the interface 113 in particular comprises a damping input 129, which is connected, for example, to at least one damping pedal.
- the damping behavior of the mechanical The damper and / or the damping are influenced by the excitation devices, for example by omitting or weakening the damping when the pedal is depressed.
- the interface Based on the input signals, the interface generates control signals for the excitation devices 116, 116 'or for amplifiers 130 of the excitation devices.
- 12 excitation devices 116 'and 12 amplifiers 130 are used.
- the amplifiers 130 can be viewed as parts of the excitation devices 116 'or as parts of the interface 113.
- the signals that reach the interface 113 via a MIDI input 125 can include a wide variety of information, the interface 113 comprising various elements for converting this information.
- a first damping control 132 is provided, to which signals from the damping input 129 and from the MIDI input 125 can be fed.
- a second damping control 133 is provided, which processes signals from the position measuring device 124, from the damping input 129 and from the MIDI input 125 and makes control signals feedable to the amplifiers 130.
- the sound quality can be improved by using a first and a second filter
- a first, called resonance mode, mode of excitation uses a common excitation signal of the first filter 134 for the simultaneous control of all amplifiers 130, the strings 102 corresponding to their natural frequencies or overtone spectra only to the signal components with the
- a second suggests assigning the tones of a signal to the strings 102 on which those tones sound.
- Signal components based on the second filter are correspondingly
- Filters 135 are modified, preferably processed by a sound analysis element 137, in particular signals for the damping controls 132, 133 are derived from the signal and made feedable. Connections are also provided which allow the filters 134, 135 and the sound splitting element 136 to be influenced via the MIDI input or to control.
- the signals of the chromatic input 128 are essentially fed directly to the corresponding amplifiers 130.
- the instrument 101 shows the versatile possible uses of the instrument 101 according to the invention, which can be used in the upright position or, if appropriate, in the horizontal position.
- the instrument stands on feet 146.
- a sheath 138 is preferably provided.
- the casing 138 is connected to the holding device 106 and comprises at least three, flat, preferably curved, lamellar, directional elements 139 which can be used to restrict the space into which the sound of the sound body 109 is emitted. So that the casing 138 can also perform a protective function, it comprises a bottom area 140 on the back of the sound body facing away from the strings and then a wall area 141 leading around the sound body.
- the directional elements 139 can be applied as a cover to the wall area 141, so that the Envelope 138 completely encloses the sound body 109.
- the directional elements 139 are guided on a guide device, not shown, with hinges for the radial movement and with parallelograms for the proportional longitudinal adjustment.
- the directional elements can, for example, form deflecting surfaces which, for example in the case of a horizontally oriented sound body, run at an angle of essentially 45 ° to the horizontal above the sound body and essentially deflect the dominant, vertically upward emerging sound of the sound body in a horizontal direction.
- a keyboard 142 To play the instrument, or to provide control signals for the instrument, devices such as a keyboard 142, a microphone 143, a synthesizer with a keyboard 144 or any audio terminal 145 with a signal output, for example a speaker output, can be used become.
- the instrument can be played like a keyboard instrument.
- the microphone recording of a conventional instrument can also be used for driving. If the instrument receives the signals from an audio terminal or a sequencer, it can be used as an automatic house instrument.
- strings can be made to vibrate by various contactless excitation devices.
- 11 shows an electromagnetic excitation device with two hard magnets 11 and 12, which meters spaced from each other and surrounded by an electromagnet 13 and 14.
- a single or multiple string strand 15 is guided through the distance between the magnets 11 and 12.
- the two hard magnets 11, 12 must be arranged such that the north pole points to the south pole.
- the winding direction of the electromagnets 13, 14, however, must run against each other (eg north to north pole).
- FIG. 12 shows an excitation device with two soft magnets 21 and 22, which are arranged at a distance of a few millimeters from one another and are each surrounded by an electromagnet 23 and 24.
- the two electromagnets 23, 24 are to be magnetically terminated by an armature 25.
- a single or multiple string strand 26 is guided through the distance between the magnets 21, 22.
- a constant current flows through the string 26.
- the current should be selected so that no thermal effects can be felt in the string.
- the current causes a magnetic field around the string 26.
- the magnetic fields of the electromagnets 23, 24 and the magnetic field of the string lead to a force effect on the string 26, which results in an oscillation.
- the geometric dimension of the magnets 11, 12, 21 and 22 according to FIGS. 11 and 12, or of the plates according to FIGS. 13 and 14, in the longitudinal direction to the string, should be as small as possible in relation to the string length.
- the shortest wavelength on the string (cut-off frequency) that can be excited corresponds to this dimension of the magnet or the plates. In the case of a solution according to FIG. 11, this geometric dimension may only be so small that the magnetization of the electromagnet does not exceed the remanence of the hard magnet.
- a two-way system consists of a low-tone excitation device (with an enlarged geometrical dimension for String length) and a mid-tone excitation device (with a smaller geometric dimension to the string length) an increased power flow can be achieved.
- the positions of the two excitation devices on the string length must be selected in a targeted manner, so that as few account points as possible are overlaid by partials of the string, or that there are no phase changes from the low-tone excitation device to the mid-tone excitation device and vice versa.
- the string instrument regulates the supply of digital or electro-synthetically generated sounds to the strings via two channels: a) the sounds are assigned to the strings individually according to frequency / pitch, and b) each timbre can be the entire octave (12 string strings), globally regulated, fed (volume). This extends the overtone spectrum beyond one string. Many timbres also contain irregular overtones that form on neighboring strings.
- the stringed instrument according to the invention feeds in order to be able to dampen the vibrating strings, the vibrations removed from the strings via a pickup (e.g. optocoupler) feed the strings back in phase using the contactless excitation devices.
- a pickup e.g. optocoupler
- the interface and the amplifier 59 of the stringed instrument according to the invention are located in the back behind the sound body.
- the stringed instrument uses a single or multiple string string and a tone generator system or an excitation device for the 12 chromatic tones. This means that music can be played in all 12 keys; the first octave can be formed on the 2nd part of a string, or the double octave on the 4th part, etc.
- the stringed instrument according to the invention can consist of a single instrument or of several register instruments.
- a single instrument requires stringing two chromatic octaves (alto octave, e.g. g - f sharp ' and bass octave, contra G to FIS) in order to achieve the standard range (plus the 2nd, 4th, etc. partials).
- a register instrument must be equipped with a chromatic octave stringing (12 strings).
- Two register instruments (alto and bass) reach the standard Tonal range plus the 2nd, 4th, etc. partials.
- a quartet of four, or a quintet of five register instruments can be played more and more with key notes by means of range splitting.
- the construction of the register instrument according to the invention separates the tonal, the static and the protective parts.
- the strings 53 are stretched over the bridge 54 above the sound body 51, which is held in the outer structure by transition parts 52.
- the string pull is held by an enveloping frame, which comprises two side parts 55, which are supported by the central support column 57 and are acted upon by a counterforce by two counter pulls 56.
- the casing 58 is used both as protection and as a sound straightener or can be separated from the actual instrument (sound body with casing frame).
- the construction of the register instrument according to the invention enables playing in a horizontal position (lying like a grand piano) as well as in a vertical position (standing like a church organ register).
- the instrument can be rotated in both positions on the main axis (Fig. 15c, 15d). This is very useful in the horizontal position so that the beam angle can be selected towards the person playing or towards the audience.
- the protective cover according to the invention (FIG. 16a; horizontal section of the standing instrument) consists of a back element R and two movable wings F1 and F2.
- the two wings are provided with hinges at the rear Sh and in the middle Sm and are therefore movable.
- the wings F1, F2 can be shortened or lengthened by a number of slats that can be pushed one above the other (Fig. 16c). These slats can also be turned out and opened so that the sound can be radiated through the protective cover (Fig. 16b).
- the two wings F1 and F2 of the register instrument according to the invention can be arranged and converted as follows: Instrument standing: closed state (FIG. 16a; horizontal section).
- Instrument upright slats turned out, opened (Fig. 16b; horizontal section). Instrument upright: Both wings are opened as sound directors to the concert hall (Fig. 16c; horizontal section). Instrument lying: the first wing F1 is broken down into parts H and V and mounted on the side (as frames) and the second whole wing F2 is used as a cover and sound leveler H and V, the middle hinge is locked (Fig. 16d).
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
- Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT01931307T ATE445213T1 (de) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Instrument und verfahren zum erzeugen von klängen |
EP01931307A EP1285431B1 (de) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Instrument und verfahren zum erzeugen von klängen |
US10/276,676 US7087828B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Instrument and method for generating sounds |
AU2001258134A AU2001258134A1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Instrument and method for producing sounds |
DE50115159T DE50115159D1 (de) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Instrument und verfahren zum erzeugen von klängen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH10292000 | 2000-05-23 | ||
CH1029/00 | 2000-05-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001091103A2 true WO2001091103A2 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
WO2001091103A3 WO2001091103A3 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
Family
ID=4553579
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2001/000323 WO2001091103A2 (de) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Instrument und verfahren zum erzeugen von klängen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7087828B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1285431B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE445213T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001258134A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50115159D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001091103A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2714548C1 (ru) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-02-18 | Станислав Евгеньевич Данилин | Музыкальный электроакустический аппарат |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1016788A6 (nl) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-06-05 | Kelst Jan Van | Snaarinstrument. |
US20070084335A1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | Silzel John W | Musical instrument with bone conduction monitor |
WO2007054948A2 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2007-05-18 | Gil Kotton | Method and system for reproducing sound and producing synthesizer control data from data collected by sensors coupled to a string instrument |
US8314322B2 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2012-11-20 | Eric Aaron Langberg | System and method for remotely generating sound from a musical instrument |
US9589551B2 (en) | 2007-01-03 | 2017-03-07 | Eric Aaron Langberg | System for remotely generating sound from a musical instrument |
US7595444B2 (en) * | 2007-04-07 | 2009-09-29 | Bret Thomas Stewart | Electromagnetic transducer for instrument pickups |
US7989690B1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2011-08-02 | Andrew Scott Lawing | Musical instrument pickup systems |
CN101604518A (zh) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-16 | 朝元音乐科技有限公司 | 声音重现装置及系统 |
US8664507B1 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2014-03-04 | Andrew Scott Lawing | Musical instrument pickup and methods |
DE102011003976B3 (de) * | 2011-02-11 | 2012-04-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Eingabeschnittstelle zur Erzeugung von Steuersignalen durch akustische Gesten |
US8222504B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2012-07-17 | Ernie Ball Inc. | Musical instrument string having cobalt alloy wrap wire |
US8921675B2 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2014-12-30 | Ernie Ball, Inc. | Adjustable bridge for stringed musical instrument |
JP5281185B1 (ja) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-09-04 | 通 中谷 | 弦楽器 |
JP6227887B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-17 | 2017-11-08 | 通 中谷 | 弦楽器 |
US20130312588A1 (en) * | 2012-05-01 | 2013-11-28 | Jesse Harris Orshan | Virtual audio effects pedal and corresponding network |
JP6098856B1 (ja) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-22 | 株式会社スリック | 電子オルゴール |
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DE31083C (de) * | R. K. boyle in Liverpool, England | Elektromagnetisches Musikinstrument | ||
US2030230A (en) * | 1933-07-19 | 1936-02-11 | Creative Ind Inc | Split phase impulser for musical instruments |
DE927550C (de) * | 1948-09-30 | 1956-02-02 | J Herrburger Ets | Elektrisches Klavier |
GB1343766A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1974-01-16 | Button C G | Attachment for ladders |
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FR2315740A1 (fr) | 1975-06-24 | 1977-01-21 | Vassilakis Panayotis | Instrument de musique |
US4024787A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-05-24 | Larson Harold W | Foot operated musical instrument |
US5070759A (en) | 1989-05-12 | 1991-12-10 | Hoover Alan A | String vibration sustaining device |
US5142961A (en) | 1989-11-07 | 1992-09-01 | Fred Paroutaud | Method and apparatus for stimulation of acoustic musical instruments |
CA2081246A1 (en) | 1991-10-24 | 1993-04-25 | Kenji Tumura | Electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of a string and an electromagnetic driver for the device |
GB9722985D0 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1998-01-07 | Univ York | Tuning of musical instruments |
-
2001
- 2001-05-23 AT AT01931307T patent/ATE445213T1/de active
- 2001-05-23 DE DE50115159T patent/DE50115159D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-23 WO PCT/CH2001/000323 patent/WO2001091103A2/de active Application Filing
- 2001-05-23 US US10/276,676 patent/US7087828B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-23 AU AU2001258134A patent/AU2001258134A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-23 EP EP01931307A patent/EP1285431B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE31083C (de) * | R. K. boyle in Liverpool, England | Elektromagnetisches Musikinstrument | ||
US2030230A (en) * | 1933-07-19 | 1936-02-11 | Creative Ind Inc | Split phase impulser for musical instruments |
DE927550C (de) * | 1948-09-30 | 1956-02-02 | J Herrburger Ets | Elektrisches Klavier |
GB1343766A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1974-01-16 | Button C G | Attachment for ladders |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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RU2714548C1 (ru) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-02-18 | Станислав Евгеньевич Данилин | Музыкальный электроакустический аппарат |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1285431A2 (de) | 2003-02-26 |
EP1285431B1 (de) | 2009-10-07 |
AU2001258134A1 (en) | 2001-12-03 |
US7087828B2 (en) | 2006-08-08 |
DE50115159D1 (de) | 2009-11-19 |
ATE445213T1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
US20030136248A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
WO2001091103A3 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
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