WO2001078632A1 - Laser a usage therapeutique - Google Patents
Laser a usage therapeutique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001078632A1 WO2001078632A1 PCT/JP2001/003037 JP0103037W WO0178632A1 WO 2001078632 A1 WO2001078632 A1 WO 2001078632A1 JP 0103037 W JP0103037 W JP 0103037W WO 0178632 A1 WO0178632 A1 WO 0178632A1
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- Prior art keywords
- laser
- treatment
- wavelength
- light
- irradiation
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
- A61F9/00804—Refractive treatments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
- A61F2009/00872—Cornea
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/3534—Three-wave interaction, e.g. sum-difference frequency generation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/354—Third or higher harmonic generation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a treatment apparatus using laser light, and more particularly, to abrasion of the surface by irradiating the cornea with laser light (PRK: Photorefractive Keratectomy) or abrasion inside the incised cornea (LASIK: Laser Intrastromal). Keratomileusis), a laser treatment device suitable for correcting curvature or irregularities of the cornea and performing treatments such as myopia and astigmatism.
- PRK Photorefractive Keratectomy
- LASIK Laser Intrastromal
- Keratomileusis a laser treatment device suitable for correcting curvature or irregularities of the cornea and performing treatments such as myopia and astigmatism.
- Laser light has been used in various applications in recent years. For example, it is used for cutting and processing metals, photolithography in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, used as a light source for equipment, used for various measurement equipment, and used in surgical equipment. It is often used in surgery and treatment equipment such as ophthalmology and dentistry. Particularly recently, laser light is applied to the cornea to perform abrasion (PRK) on the surface of the cornea or abrasion (LASIK) inside the incised cornea to correct the curvature and unevenness of the cornea to treat myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
- PRK abrasion
- LASIK abrasion
- a corneal treatment device there is known a device that irradiates the cornea with an ArF excimer laser beam (wavelength: 193 nm) to perform abrasion (sharpening) of the corneal surface (for example, Japanese Patent No. 2809959, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-121628, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-220189, etc.).
- the application of the corneal surface using the A r F excimer laser light is as follows:
- the method utilizes the fact that peptides can be decomposed, and irradiates laser light to the corneal surface to decompose and evaporate the peptides, thereby performing surface abrasion.
- the absorption spectrum of DNA tends to be larger at shorter wavelengths in the ultraviolet region, the effective mutagenicity depends on the amount of light that penetrates the cytoplasm to reach the nucleus and the nucleus. Determined by absorption, the mutagenicity is maximal at wavelengths between 240 and 280 nm, and is lower at shorter and longer wavelengths.
- the light absorption in the cytoplasm increases rapidly as the wavelength becomes shorter, so that the light reaching the nucleus decreases sharply as the wavelength becomes shorter, and the light reaching the nucleus decreases at 193 nm. It becomes almost 0.
- the ArF excimer laser oscillating device is configured by enclosing an argon gas, a fluorine gas, a neon gas, or the like in a chamber, and it is necessary to seal these gases.
- the ArF excimer laser oscillation device also has a problem that it is necessary to periodically exchange the internal gas or perform overhaul in order to maintain a predetermined laser light generation performance. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a laser treatment apparatus using a solid-state laser apparatus that is easy to maintain and has a small and lightweight configuration.
- the present invention provides a laser light generator having a solid-state laser that generates laser light of a predetermined wavelength, an optical amplifier that amplifies the laser light generated by the laser light generator, and an optical amplifier.
- a laser device comprising a wavelength converter that converts the laser light amplified by the above into a therapeutic laser light having a wavelength of approximately 193 nm using a nonlinear optical crystal, and a laser device generated by the laser device.
- an irradiation optical device for guiding the irradiated treatment laser beam to the treatment site and irradiating the treatment laser beam.
- the laser treatment device of the present invention is suitable for use in treating a cornea.
- the laser treatment apparatus having such a configuration is configured using a laser light generator having a solid-state laser, it does not need to be as large as a gas laser such as an excimer laser. It has a feature that it can be made small and light in weight, does not need to exchange gas regularly as in an excimer laser device, and can maintain the expected performance for a long time without overhaul. Low maintenance and easy maintenance It is. Furthermore, the operation control of the laser light generator is easy, and the control of the irradiation position and the irradiation intensity of the laser light are also easy.
- the corneal curvature and unevenness can be effectively corrected by the transpiration through the material bond cutting.
- the occurrence of heat transpiration is low, the transparency of the cornea after treatment can be ensured, and the wavelength is about 193 nm, so that intracellular DNA is not damaged.
- the solid-state laser is used for 1.5 1! It is composed of a DF semiconductor laser, semiconductor laser, or fiber laser having an oscillation wavelength within the range of ⁇ 1.59 / m. It is preferable to convert to the 8th harmonic within the range of 111 to 1991111. With this, a laser beam having a very high frequency can be applied to the treatment site, and the laser beam can be used to cut the material bond at the treatment site with high efficiency, thereby performing a treatment with less heat evaporation.
- the laser treatment apparatus of the present invention it is desirable to provide a treatment site observation device capable of observing the state of irradiation of the treatment laser beam onto the treatment site. This allows accurate laser irradiation control while observing the treatment site. Further, it is preferable to provide an irradiation control device for controlling a state of irradiation of the treatment laser beam to the treatment site by the irradiation optical device.
- the irradiation optical device may be configured to irradiate the treatment laser beam as spot light to the treatment region, and the irradiation control device may be configured to scan the treatment region with the spot light. it can.
- the irradiation laser device is configured to irradiate the treatment laser beam over a predetermined range of the treatment site, and the irradiation control device is disposed between the treatment site and the irradiation optical device and used for treatment. Laser light The irradiation area for the treatment site may be variably adjusted.
- the irradiation optical device is configured to irradiate the treatment laser beam over a predetermined range of the treatment site, and the irradiation control device is disposed between the treatment site and the irradiation optical device to be used for treatment.
- the irradiation intensity of the laser beam to the treatment site may be modulated and adjusted.
- a shape measuring device for measuring the shape of the treatment site is provided, and irradiation control of the treatment laser light by the irradiation control device is performed based on the shape of the treatment site measured by the shape measuring device.
- treatments such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism can be accurately treated according to the degree.
- the laser device may be provided with an intensity adjuster for adjusting the intensity of the therapeutic laser light generated from the laser device.
- a laser beam intensity measuring device for measuring the intensity of the therapeutic laser beam generated from the laser device, and a laser beam for calibrating the intensity of the therapeutic laser beam measured by the laser beam intensity measuring device to a predetermined intensity.
- An intensity calibrator may be provided.
- pulsed light is used as the treatment laser light generated by the laser device, and the pulse width of the pulsed light at this time is preferably 0.5 ns to 3 ns. Further, it is preferable that the repetition frequency is 10 kHz to 100 kHz.
- FIG. 1 is a front view showing the overall configuration of a laser treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an internal configuration of a laser device constituting the laser treatment device.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a double clad fiber used in a third-stage fiber-optic amplifier constituting the laser device.
- FIG. 4 is a side view showing an output end shape of a third-stage fiber-optic amplifier constituting the laser device.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the shape of the output end of a third-stage fiber-optic amplifier constituting the laser device.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal configuration of a laser device constituting the above laser treatment device in a different embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of a wavelength conversion section constituting the laser treatment apparatus.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a second embodiment of the wavelength conversion section constituting the laser treatment apparatus.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a third embodiment of the wavelength conversion section constituting the laser treatment apparatus.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a first embodiment of an irradiation optical device and an observation optical device that constitute the laser treatment apparatus.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a second embodiment of the irradiation optical device and the observation optical device that constitute the laser treatment device.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a surface shape of a cornea to be treated by the laser treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a third embodiment of the irradiation optical device and the observation optical device that constitute the laser treatment device.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure around the filter and the filter performance of the irradiation optical device according to the third embodiment.
- BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the description of these embodiments does not limit the contents of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration example of a laser treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- the laser treatment apparatus basically includes a laser apparatus 10 inside the apparatus housing 1.
- An irradiation optical device 60 for guiding and irradiating the surface (treatment site) of the cornea HC of the eyeball EY with the laser light generated from the eyeball EY, and an observation optical device 80 for observing the treatment site.
- the base 2 of the device housing 1 is disposed on the XY moving table 3, and the entire device housing 1 is moved by the XY moving table 3 in the direction of the arrow X in FIG. And in the Y direction perpendicular to the paper.
- the laser device 10 includes a laser light generator 11 for generating laser light, a fiber-optical amplifier 20 for amplifying the laser light generated from the laser light generator 11, and a fiber-optical amplifier 2 And a wavelength converter 40 for converting the laser light amplified at 0 to laser light having a wavelength of about 193 nm.
- the laser light generating section 11 has a laser 12 oscillating at a desired wavelength.
- the laser 12 is, for example, an oscillation wavelength of 1.544 zm, which is obtained by pulse driving an InGaAsP or DFB semiconductor laser. Be composed.
- the oscillation wavelength of laser light for example, when a DFB semiconductor laser is used as a laser, this can be achieved by controlling the temperature of the DFB semiconductor laser.
- the output wavelength can be controlled or the output wavelength can be finely adjusted.
- a DFB semiconductor laser or the like is provided on a heat sink, and these are housed in a housing. Therefore, in this example, the temperature adjustment provided on the heat sink attached to the oscillation laser (DFB semiconductor laser, etc.)
- the oscillation wavelength is adjusted by controlling the temperature using a device (for example, a Peltier element).
- a device for example, a Peltier element.
- the temperature of a DFB semiconductor laser or the like can be controlled in units of 0.001 ° C.
- the oscillation wavelength of the DFB semiconductor laser has a temperature dependence of about 0.1 nm / ° C. For example, if the temperature of the DFB semiconductor laser is changed by 1 ° C, the wavelength of the fundamental wave (wavelength: 1544 nm) changes by 0.1 nm, so that the wavelength of the 8th harmonic wave (wavelength: 193 nm) becomes 0 °. 0125 ⁇ m will change.
- the oscillation wavelength of the DFB semiconductor laser is used as one monitor wavelength of the feedback control when controlling the oscillation wavelength to a predetermined wavelength.
- the semiconductor laser 12 is provided with a pulse control means 13 for performing a pulse oscillation by controlling the current.
- the pulse width of the generated pulse light can be controlled in the range of 0.5 ns to 3 ns, and the repetition frequency can be controlled in the range of 100 kHz or less (for example, in the range of 10 kHz to 100 kHz).
- pulse light having a pulse width of l ns and a repetition frequency of 100 kHz is generated by the pulse control means 13.
- the pulse laser light output obtained in this way is guided to the fiber-optical amplifier section 20 through the optical isolator 14, and is amplified in the fiber-optical amplifier section 20.
- the fiber-optical amplifier 20 first, amplification is performed by the first-stage fiber-optical amplifier 21.
- This first-stage fiber optical amplifier 21 is composed of an erbium (Er) 'doped' fiber optical amplifier (EDFA), and the output from the pumping semiconductor laser 21a is wavelength-division multiplexed (Wavelength). Division Multiplexei ': WDM)
- the doped fiber is excited through 21b, and the first-stage fiber optical amplifier 21 amplifies the light.
- the output of the first-stage fiber-optic amplifier 21 passes through the narrow-band filter 22a and the optical isolator 22b and is guided to the optical splitter 23.
- ⁇ 3 are divided in parallel into four outputs.
- a second-stage fiber-optic amplifier 25 is connected to each of these four divided channels.
- FIG. 2 shows only one channel as a representative.
- the narrow-band filter 22 a cuts the ASE light generated by the fiber-optic amplifier 21 and transmits the output wavelength of the DFB semiconductor laser 12 (the wavelength width is about 1 pm or less). This is to substantially narrow the wavelength width of transmitted light. As a result, it is possible to prevent the ASE light from being incident on the subsequent fiber-optic amplifier and reducing the amplification gain of the laser light.
- the transmission wavelength width of the narrow band filter is about 1 pm, but since the wavelength width of the ASE light is about several + nm, the transmission wavelength width obtained at present is about 100 pm. ASE light can be cut to such an extent that there is no practical problem even if a narrow-band filter is used.
- the narrow-band filter When the output wavelength of the DFB semiconductor laser 12 is positively changed, the narrow-band filter may be replaced in accordance with the output wavelength.
- the variable width of the output wavelength It is preferable to use a narrow-band filter having a transmission wavelength width (about the same as or more than the variable width) according to ( ⁇ 20 pm).
- a DFB semiconductor laser was used as the laser
- a flat waveguide type splitter was used as the branching element of the optical branching unit.
- an erbium (Er) -doped fiber laser can produce the same effect.
- the branching element of the optical branching means may be any element that branches light in parallel, as in the case of a flat waveguide splitter. The same effect can be obtained even in a reverse split or a beam split using a partially transmitting mirror.
- the second-stage fiber-optic amplifier 25 also consists of an erbium (E ⁇ ) -doped fiber optical amplifier (EDFA), and the output from the pumping semiconductor laser 25a is equal to the WDM 25b.
- the doped fiber is pumped, and the second-stage fiber-optical amplifier 25 performs optical amplification.
- the output of the second-stage fiber-optic amplifier 25 is guided to the third-stage fiber-optic amplifier 30 through a narrow-band filter 26 a and an optical isolator 26 b.
- the third-stage fiber-optical amplifier 30 is a device for performing optical amplification in the final stage and is a high-beak-output optical amplifier. For this reason, in order to avoid an increase in the spectrum width of the amplified light due to the non-linear effect in the fiber, the fiber mode diameter is wider than that used in normal communication (5 to 6 m). For example, it is desirable to use a large-mode fiber-optic amplifier of 15 to 25 zm.
- a large-diameter fiber 35 instead of a large-mode fiber 35 is used instead of a double-cloud fiber having a double structure.
- One 38 may be used.
- Fig. 3 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of the fiber 38.
- ions contributing to the amplification of the laser beam are doped in the core 38a, and the amplified laser beam (signal) propagates in the core.
- a semiconductor laser for excitation is coupled to the first cladding 38 b surrounding the core.
- the first clad 38b is multimode and has a large cross-sectional area, which facilitates the transmission of high-power pumping semiconductor laser light, efficiently couples a multimode oscillation semiconductor laser, and uses a pumping light source. It can be used efficiently.
- a second clad 38c for forming a waveguide of the first clad is formed on the outer periphery of the first clad 38b.
- the laser light amplified by the third-stage fiber optical amplifier 30 using the large-mode diameter fiber enters the wavelength conversion unit 40, where the wavelength is about 193 nm, which is the same as the wavelength of the excimer laser light.
- the laser light (signal) to be amplified which propagates through this large-mode diameter fiber is desirably mainly in the fundamental mode, which is a single mode or a mode. In a low-order multimode fiber, this can be achieved mainly by selectively exciting the basic mode. The effect of the return light is reduced by the isolator 26 b provided on the input side of the large mode diameter fiber-optical amplifier 30.
- a third-stage fiber optical amplifier 30 between the two-stage fiber single optical amplifier 25 with a standard mode diameter and the large mode diameter (third stage) fiber single optical amplifier 30 A narrow band filter 26a is provided to remove ASE light.
- connection between the fiber-optic amplifier 25 at the preceding stage having a standard mode diameter and the fiber-optic amplifier 30 at the final stage having the above-mentioned mode diameter is large using a fiber whose mode diameter increases in a tapered shape. Do it.
- Ishige fiber or silicate fiber can be used as an optical fiber for the above-mentioned fiber-optical amplifiers 21, 25, and 30, Ishige fiber or silicate fiber can be used.
- a fluoride fiber such as ZBLAN fiber is used. It may be.
- the erbium-doping concentration can be increased as compared with quartz or silicate-based fibers, thereby shortening the length of the fiber required for amplification.
- This fluoride-based fiber is preferably applied to the last-stage fiber-optic optical amplifier 30. Due to the shortened length of the fiber, light scattering due to non-linear effects during fiber propagation of pulsed light (for example, Stimulated Raman Scattering) can be suppressed, and the optical peak Can be amplified.
- pulsed light for example, Stimulated Raman Scattering
- the ion to be doped is not only erbium but also tribium. It is preferable to dope together. This is because there is an effect of improving the pumping efficiency by the semiconductor laser.
- the strong absorption wavelength of itbium spreads around 915 to 975 nm, and a plurality of wavelengths having different oscillation wavelengths at wavelengths near this range.
- the design of the fiber-optic fiber doping fiber is such that in a device operating at a predetermined fixed wavelength as in the present invention, the gain of the fiber-optical amplifier at a desired wavelength is increased.
- Select the material for. In the present invention the same output wavelength (193 to 194 nm) as that of an ArF excimer laser is obtained.
- a desired wavelength for example, 1.548 m It is desirable to select a material that increases the gain at the same time.
- the output end 36 of the third-stage or final-stage fiber-optic amplifier 30 has all four channels collected and bundled, as shown in FIG. 4, in a rectangular or linear shape (FIG. 4 (a) or (See Fig. 4 (b)).
- FIG. 5 at the output end 36 of each fiber-35 at the final stage in the optical amplifier, the diameter of the core 35a in the fiber 35 is gradually tapered toward the output end. It is preferable to dispose them so as to reduce the light power density (light intensity per unit area) at the output end face 36.
- the taper shape increases the core diameter toward the output end face 36.
- the power density of the light at the fiber output end surface 36 can be reduced, and the laser output damage at the fiber output end, which is the most problematic in damage to the fiber, is greatly reduced. Effect can be obtained. This effect is more significant as the power density of the laser light emitted from the output end of the fiber-optic amplifier is higher (for example, as the light intensity is higher and the core diameter for the same power is smaller).
- an isolator or the like is appropriately inserted into each connection part in order to avoid the influence of return light, and a narrow-band filter is inserted in order to obtain good EDFA amplification characteristics. Examples have been given.
- the location of the isolator or the narrow-band filter or the number thereof is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be appropriately determined according to, for example, the required accuracy of the laser treatment apparatus according to the present invention. In some cases, at least one of the isolator and the narrow band filter may not be provided.
- a narrow-band filter In the case of a narrow-band filter, it is sufficient that a high transmittance is obtained only for a desired wavelength, and a transmission wavelength width of 1 pm or less is sufficient.
- noise due to ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) generated by the fiber optical amplifier can be reduced, and the fundamental wave generated by the ASE from the preceding fiber-optical amplifier can be reduced. It is possible to suppress a decrease in the amplification factor of the output.
- FIG. 6 the splitting between the optical isolator 22b and the WDM 25b in the fiber-optic amplifier 120 is shown. Not installed.
- the pulse light having a wavelength of 1.544 ⁇ m which is amplified by the fiber-optic amplifiers 20 and 120 and output from the output terminal 36, is converted by the wavelength conversion unit 40 using the nonlinear optical crystal into a light beam. It is converted to an ultraviolet light pulse output with a narrow line width.
- the configuration of the wavelength converter 40 will be described below.
- FIG. 7 shows a first embodiment of the wavelength conversion unit 40
- Wavelength emitted from the output end 36 of 35 1.
- the fundamental wave of 544 ⁇ m is converted to the 8th harmonic wave (harmonic) using a nonlinear optical crystal, and has the same wavelength as the Ar F excimer laser.
- An example of a configuration that generates 193 nm ultraviolet light is shown.
- the fundamental wave of wavelength 1544 / m (frequency ⁇ ) output from the output end 36 of the fiber 135 passes through the nonlinear optical crystal 41, 42, 43 from left to right in the figure and is output. Is done.
- Condensing lenses 44 and 45 are provided between the reference numerals 43 as shown.
- these fundamental waves pass through the nonlinear optical crystal 41, they are twice the frequency ⁇ of the fundamental wave due to the second harmonic generation, that is, the second harmonic of the frequency 2 ⁇ (the wavelength is 1/2 of 772 nm). Occurs.
- the generated second harmonic travels rightward and enters the next nonlinear optical crystal 42.
- second harmonic generation is performed again, and a fourth harmonic having a frequency 4 ⁇ (wavelength is 1/4 of 386 nm) that is twice the frequency of the incident wave 2 ⁇ , that is, 4 times the fundamental wave is obtained. appear.
- the generated fourth harmonic further proceeds to the right nonlinear optical crystal 43, where the second harmonic is generated again, and has a frequency of 8 ⁇ which is twice the frequency of the incident wave 4 ⁇ , that is, 8 times the fundamental wave.
- 8th harmonic wavelength is 1/8 of 193 nm.
- the nonlinear optical crystal used for the wavelength conversion for example, the nonlinear optical crystal 4 1 for conversion from the fundamental wave to the second harmonic of LiB 3 0 5 (LB 0) crystal, the second harmonic to the fourth harmonic LiB 3 0 5 Sr 2 Be 2 B 2 O 7 (SBB 0) crystal is used as the nonlinear optical crystal 43 for converting the (LBO) crystal from the fourth harmonic to the eighth harmonic.
- the conversion from the fundamental wave to the second harmonic wave using the LB 0 crystal uses the method of temperature adjustment of the LB ⁇ crystal for phase matching for wavelength conversion, Non-Critical Phase Matching: NCPM.
- NCPM enables high-efficiency conversion to the second harmonic wave because there is no walk-off between the fundamental wave and the second harmonic in the nonlinear optical crystal. This is advantageous because beam deformation due to walk-off is not received.
- the wavelength conversion unit is not limited to the above configuration, and has various configurations.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration of a wavelength conversion unit 140 according to the second embodiment.
- the fundamental wave (wavelength: 1.544 m) 2nd harmonic (wavelength 772 nm)-3rd harmonic (wavelength 5 15 nm) ⁇ 4th harmonic (wavelength 386 nm) 7th harmonic ( The wavelength is converted in the order of 221 nm) ⁇ 8th harmonic (193 nm).
- the L B0 crystal is used in the above-described N CMP for conversion of the generation of the second harmonic from the fundamental wave to the second harmonic.
- the first wavelength converter (LB0 crystal) 14 1 transmits a part of the fundamental wave without converting the wavelength, converts the wavelength of the fundamental wave to generate a second harmonic, and doubles this fundamental wave.
- the waves are both incident on the second wavelength converter 142.
- the second wavelength converter 142 obtains a third harmonic (wavelength 5 15 nm) from the second harmonic generated by the first wavelength converter 141 and the fundamental wave transmitted without conversion by sum frequency generation.
- the LB0 crystal is used as the wavelength conversion crystal, it is used in the NCPM having a different temperature from the first wavelength conversion section (LB0 crystal) 141.
- the third harmonic obtained in this way, the second harmonic transmitted without wavelength conversion, and the fundamental wave are separated by the first dichroic mirror 151 and reflected by the first dichroic mirror 151.
- 3rd harmonic wave lens After passing through and being reflected by the total reflection mirror 161, it enters the third dichroic mirror 153.
- the second harmonic and the fundamental wave that passed through the first dichroic mirror 151 are separated at the second dichroic mirror 152, and the second harmonic reflected by the second dichroic mirror 152 is LB.
- the third wavelength converter using crystal 1 4 3 has twice the frequency 2 ⁇ of the incident wave, that is, 4 times the frequency of the fundamental wave 4 ⁇ (the wavelength is 1/4, 3886 nm) 4 It is converted to a harmonic.
- This fourth harmonic is reflected by the third dichroic mirror 15 3, reflected by the total reflection mirror 16 1, and combined with the third harmonic passed through the third dich opening mirror 15 3 BB 0 crystal
- the light enters the fourth wavelength conversion unit 144 using.
- the fourth wavelength conversion unit 144 forms a seventh harmonic by generating a sum frequency of the third harmonic and the fourth harmonic incident as described above, and the seventh harmonic is generated by the fourth dichroic mirror. Is incident on.
- the fundamental wave that has passed through the second dichroic mirror 152 is reflected by the second total reflection mirror 162 and enters the fourth dichroic mirror 154.
- the seventh harmonic and the fundamental wave that have been incident as described above are incident on the fifth wavelength converter 15 using a CLB0 crystal.
- an eighth harmonic is formed by generating a sum frequency of the fundamental wave and the seventh harmonic thus input, and the eighth harmonic is output as output laser light.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration of a wavelength conversion section 240 according to the third embodiment.
- fundamental wave (wavelength 1.544 ⁇ m) 2nd wave (wavelength 772 nm) ⁇ 3rd wave (wavelength 5 15 nm) ⁇ 6th wave (wavelength 2 577 nm) Wavelength conversion is performed in the order of harmonic (wavelength 2 21 nm) ⁇ 8th harmonic (wavelength 1933 nm).
- the first wavelength converter 2 41 generates the second harmonic from the fundamental wave to the second harmonic.
- the LB0 crystal is used in the NCPM described above for the conversion.
- the first wavelength converter (LB0 crystal) 2 4 1 transmits a part of the fundamental wave without converting the wavelength and converts the wavelength of the fundamental wave to generate a second harmonic. Both harmonic waves enter the second wavelength conversion section 242.
- the second wavelength converter 2 42 generates a third harmonic (wavelength 5 15 nm) from the second harmonic generated by the first wavelength converter 21 and the fundamental wave transmitted without conversion by sum frequency generation. obtain.
- the wavelength conversion crystal an LBO crystal is used, but it is used in an NCPM having a temperature different from that of the first wavelength conversion unit (LBO crystal) 21.
- the third harmonic obtained in this manner and the fundamental wave transmitted without wavelength conversion are separated by the first dichroic mirror 251 and the third harmonic reflected by the first dichroic mirror 251 Is incident on a third wavelength converter 243 using a BB0 crystal, where it is converted into a sixth harmonic.
- This sixth harmonic is reflected by the first total reflection mirror 261, and enters the second dichroic mirror 2532.
- the fundamental wave that has passed through the first dichroic mirror 251 is reflected by the second total reflection mirror 2622, and enters the second dichroic mirror 2532.
- the sixth harmonic and the fundamental wave incident on the second dichroic mirror 252 are combined in the second dichroic mirror 252, and then are combined into the fourth wavelength converter 244 using the CLB0 crystal.
- the fourth wavelength converter 244 the sixth harmonic and the fundamental wave thus input are combined to form a seventh harmonic, and a part of the fundamental wave is allowed to pass through as it is.
- the seventh harmonic output from the fourth wavelength converter 244 in this way is reflected by the dichroic mirror 254, and the fundamental wave passes through the dichroic mirror 254, and is collected by the lens. Thereafter, they are merged in the third dichroic mirror 253, incident on the fifth wavelength conversion unit 245 using the CLB0 crystal, and are synthesized.
- an eighth harmonic is formed, and this eighth harmonic is output. It is output as one light.
- an optical lens is provided as shown.
- a wavelength plate may be appropriately provided to adjust the polarization direction to a desired direction.
- the configuration of the wavelength conversion section is not limited to the above-described configuration, and may be a configuration that generates an eighth harmonic of 1.544 ⁇ m, which is a fundamental wave.
- fundamental wave (wavelength 1.544 m) 2nd harmonic (wavelength 772 nm) ⁇ 3rd harmonic (wavelength 5 15 nm) ⁇ 4th harmonic (wavelength 386 nm) ⁇ 6th harmonic (wavelength
- the same effect can be obtained by performing wavelength conversion in the order of 7th harmonic (wavelength 2 21 nm) ⁇ 8th harmonic (wavelength 1933 nm).
- the nonlinear optical crystal used for the wavelength conversion for example, an LB0 crystal is used for a conversion crystal from a fundamental wave to a second harmonic, and an LB0 crystal is used for a conversion crystal from a second harmonic to a fourth harmonic.
- the BB0 crystal is used to generate the sixth harmonic by summing the second and fourth harmonics, and the BB0 crystal is used to generate the seventh harmonic by generating the sum of the fundamental and sixth harmonics.
- Generation of the 8th harmonic by sum frequency generation of the 7th and 7th harmonics can be achieved by using an LBO crystal. Also in this case, since the LB0 crystal can be used to generate the eighth harmonic, there is an advantage in that damage to the crystal is not a problem.
- the solid-state laser is a DFB semiconductor laser or a fiber laser having an oscillation wavelength in the range of 1.5 ⁇ m to 1.59 ⁇ . Therefore, the laser light of the above-mentioned wavelength from the solid-state laser is converted into 18.9 ⁇ ⁇ ! The laser light is converted into laser light having the 8th harmonic within the range of 1199 nm and output.
- this laser light is a laser light having substantially the same wavelength as the ArF excimer laser light, but the repetition frequency of the pulse oscillation is as high as 100 kHz.
- the irradiation optical device 60 includes a condenser lens 61 for condensing the laser beam with a wavelength of 193 nm emitted from the laser device 10 into a thin beam, and a beam-shaped laser beam condensed in this manner. And a dichroic mirror 62 that reflects the light to irradiate the surface of the cornea HC of the eye EY to be treated. As a result, the surface of the cornea HC is irradiated with laser light as spot light, and the portion is evaporated.
- the entire device housing 1 is moved in the X and Y directions by the XY movement table 3 to scan and move the laser light spot irradiated on the surface of the cornea HC, and the corneal surface is ablated. Treatment of myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, etc.
- the observation optical device 80 includes an illumination lamp 85 for illuminating the surface of the cornea HC of the eye EY to be treated, and a dichroic mirror 62 for transmitting light from the cornea HC illuminated by the illumination lamp 85. It is composed of an objective lens 8 1 that receives and transmits light, a prism 8 2 that reflects light from the objective lens 8 1, and an eyepiece 8 3 that receives this light, and an enlarged image of the cornea HC through the eyepiece 8 3. Can be observed.
- the movement control of the XY movement table 3 is performed by manual control.
- a shape measuring device for measuring the shape of the cornea HC is provided, and the movement is automatically controlled based on the shape of the corneal surface measured by the shape measuring device.
- Laser light irradiation a device for automatically controlling the operation of the XY moving table 3, that is, an irradiation position adjusting device may be provided.
- the laser beam spot irradiated on the surface of the cornea HC is operated by moving the entire apparatus two-dimensionally by the X- ⁇ moving table 3, but scanning of the laser beam irradiation position is performed. It may be performed optically.
- An example of this is shown in FIG. 11, in which the irradiation optical device 60 f condenses the laser beam having a wavelength of 193 nm emitted from the laser device 10 into a narrow beam shape.
- the laser beam condensed in this manner is reflected by the first reflecting mirror 63 and made incident on the first servo mirror 64, and further, by the first servo mirror 64.
- the laser beam reflected from the second servo mirror 65 is reflected by the second servo mirror 65, and the laser light reflected from the second servo mirror 65 is reflected by the second reflection mirror 66 to be incident on the dichroic mirror 62 to be diced. It is configured to irradiate the surface of the cornea HC of the eye EY to be treated from the Loic Mira 1-62.
- the same parts as those of the apparatus of FIG. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated.
- the first and second servo mirrors 64, 65 have respective servos 64a, 65a for adjusting the angle of the mirror surface, and are provided by servomotors 64a, 65a.
- servomotors 64a, 65a By moving the mirror angle, the laser light spot irradiated on the surface of the cornea HC is scanned and moved, abrasion of the corneal surface is performed, and treatment such as myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia is performed.
- an operator such as an ophthalmologist controls the operation of the servo motors 64a and 65a while visually observing the surface of the cornea HC via the observation optical device 80.
- a shape measuring device for measuring the shape of the cornea HC is provided, and the laser beam is automatically irradiated based on the shape of the corneal surface measured by the shape measuring device.
- a device that automatically controls the operation of 4a and 65a, that is, the irradiation position An alignment device may be provided.
- the corneal surface is irradiated with the pulse laser beam generated from the laser device 10 to perform abrasion on the corneal surface, thereby performing treatment such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
- the laser beam generated from the laser device 10 is a pulsed laser beam having a very high frequency of 100 kHz (pulse width Ins)
- a pulsed light spot is generated on the corneal surface. Smooth scanning is possible even with scanning, and the pulse width is very small. Therefore, most of the pulse energy is used for material bond cutting, and the occurrence of heat evaporation is suppressed.
- the pulse width of the pulsed light (pulsed laser light) and the repetition frequency thereof can be controlled, and the pulse width (ie, the pulse width (ie, the pulse width of the pulsed laser light) that can favorably suppress the occurrence of heat evaporation) 0.5 iis to 3 ns pulse width) and repetition frequency (ie, 10 kHz to 100 kHz repetition frequency).
- the myopia treatment using such a laser treatment apparatus involves, for example, causing the hatched portion A in FIG. 12 on the surface of the cornea HC to evaporate by laser light irradiation from the laser apparatus 10 to cause abrasion. More done.
- the laser beam spot irradiated on the corneal surface is moved by scanning to perform the ablation of the hatching portion A.
- Ablation by a laser treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. 13 may be performed.
- the device shown in FIG. 13 includes an irradiation optical device 160 and an observation optical device 80.
- the observation optical device 80 has the same configuration as that described above, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the irradiation optical device 160 condenses the laser beam with a wavelength of 193 nm emitted from the laser device 10 into a cylindrical beam of a predetermined size.
- the cylindrical laser beam produced by the condenser lens 16 1 is a cylindrical laser beam having a diameter d enough to cover the area to be treated on the surface of the cornea HC.
- the filter 163 has the property of transmitting the laser light well in the center and lowering the transmittance in the peripheral part.
- the laser The light intensity has a distribution as shown in FIG. 14 (b).
- the surface of the cornea HC is irradiated with a laser beam having such an intensity distribution, the abrasion of the high intensity portion increases, and the ablation for removing the hatching portion A shown in FIG. 12 is performed. Will be This corresponds to the irradiation control device defined in the claims, and this irradiation control device adjusts the irradiation intensity of the laser light to the treatment site.
- a plurality of light shielding members having openings of a predetermined shape may be used instead of the filter 163.
- a plurality of light-shielding members with different diameters are prepared on concentric circles, and the central part of the cornea HC is first assembled using a light-shielding member with a small opening, and the light-shielding member is replaced so that the opening area gradually increases. It is also possible to repeat the abrasion while performing the abrasion of the hatching part A shown in FIG. This corresponds to the irradiation control device defined in the claims, and this irradiation control device adjusts the irradiation area of the laser beam to the treatment site.
- the intensity of the laser light applied to the surface of the cornea HC is greatly related to the size of the abrasion, it is necessary to adjust the intensity of the laser light.
- the oscillation frequency can be easily adjusted by adjusting the oscillation frequency from the laser 12 and controlling the amount of light generated from the semiconductor lasers 31a and 31b in the third-stage fiber-optic amplifier 30.
- a laser light intensity measuring device for measuring the actual laser light intensity is provided, and whether or not the actual laser light intensity measured by the laser light intensity measuring device is a desired intensity is determined. It must be calibrated if it is out of the desired intensity.
- This intensity calibration can be performed by controlling the operation of the intensity adjuster.
- a laser light intensity calibrator defined in the claims is used.
- the DFB semiconductor laser 12 and the fiber amplifier are used as the laser light sources in the laser light generation unit 11, but instead, the Q switch pulse Er: the YAG laser or the Q switch pulse Er: G A 1 ass laser may be used.
- the Q switch pulse Er the YAG laser or the Q switch pulse Er: G A 1 ass laser
- a laser beam having a wavelength of about 550 nm is output, and this is wavelength-converted to obtain a laser beam of 194 nm which is an eightfold harmonic.
- the laser treatment apparatus irradiates the cornea with a laser beam to perform abrasion on the surface (PRK: Photorefractive Keratectomy) or an abrasion on the incised cornea (LASIK: Laser).
- PRK Photorefractive Keratectomy
- LASIK Laser
- Intrastromal keratomileusis can be used to correct the curvature or unevenness of the cornea and treat myopia and astigmatism.
- the field of application of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned treatment of the cornea, but can be used for other treatments.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01919833A EP1281378A1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2001-04-09 | Laser therapy apparatus |
US10/260,287 US7008414B2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2002-10-01 | Laser treatment apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000-112248 | 2000-04-13 | ||
JP2000112248 | 2000-04-13 | ||
JP2001078636A JP2001353176A (ja) | 2000-04-13 | 2001-03-19 | レーザ治療装置 |
JP2001-78636 | 2001-03-19 |
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US09/538,233 Continuation-In-Part US6590698B1 (en) | 1998-03-11 | 2000-03-30 | Ultraviolet laser apparatus and exposure apparatus using same |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/260,287 Continuation US7008414B2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2002-10-01 | Laser treatment apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001078632A1 true WO2001078632A1 (fr) | 2001-10-25 |
Family
ID=26590053
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PCT/JP2001/003037 WO2001078632A1 (fr) | 1998-11-30 | 2001-04-09 | Laser a usage therapeutique |
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US (1) | US7008414B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1281378A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2001353176A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20030009432A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1419432A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW570787B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001078632A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1281378A1 (en) | 2003-02-05 |
US7008414B2 (en) | 2006-03-07 |
JP2001353176A (ja) | 2001-12-25 |
KR20030009432A (ko) | 2003-01-29 |
TW570787B (en) | 2004-01-11 |
US20030065312A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
CN1419432A (zh) | 2003-05-21 |
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