Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
  • C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
  • C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
  • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
  • C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
  • C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
  • B24B37/04—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces
  • B24B37/042—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces operating processes therefor
  • B24B37/044—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces operating processes therefor characterised by the composition of the lapping agent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
  • B24B37/11—Lapping tools
  • B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
  • B24B37/24—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the composition or properties of the pad materials
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10P52/00—Grinding, lapping or polishing of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
  • H10P52/40—Chemomechanical polishing [CMP]
  • H10P52/403—Chemomechanical polishing [CMP] of conductive or resistive materials

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of polishing or planarizing a substrate, particularly a semiconductor substrate.
• compositions for polishing or planarizing substrates comprising a metal, metal oxide, or metal composite are well known in the art. Such compositions typically contain an abrasive material in an aqueous solution and are known as polishing slurries. The polishing slurries usually are applied to a surface of the substrate by contacting the surface with a polishing pad saturated with the slurry composition.
• Typical abrasive materials include silicon dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and tin oxide.
• polishing compositions sometimes are not entirely satisfactory at polishing or planarizing substrates comprising metals, metal oxides, or metal composites.
• the abrasive material of the polishing slurry can adhere to the substrate being polished or planarized, such that abrasive material remains on the surface of the substrate following polishing and subsequent cleaning.
• the use of such polishing slurries in chemical-mechanical polishing can result in poor surface quality due to the leftover slurry deposits. Since the performance of a substrate is directly associated with the planarity of its surface and absence of parti culate deposits, it is important to use a polishing composition that leaves a high quality polish with minimal residual slurry particles on the surface of the substrate.
• the present invention provides a method of polishing or planarizing a substrate comprising abrading at least a portion of the surface of a substrate comp ⁇ sing a metal, metal oxide, metal composite, or mixture thereof, with a composition comprising a metal oxide abrasive and a liquid carrier, wherein the composition has a pH of about 7 or less and the metal oxide abrasive has a total surface hydroxyl group density no greater than about 3 hydroxyl groups per nm 2
• the present invention provides a method of polishing or planarizing a substrate
• the method comprises contacting the substrate with a metal oxide abrasive composition and abrading at least a portion of the surface of the substrate by movement of the metal oxide abrasive relative to the substrate
• the metal oxide abrasive composition can be applied to the surface of the substrate and used to abrade at least a portion of the surface of the substrate through use of a polishing pad
• the substrate comprises a metal, metal oxide, metal composite, or mixture thereof
• the substrate can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of any suitable metal Suitable metals include, for example, copper, aluminum, titanium, tungsten, gold, platinum, indium, ruthenium, and combinations (e g , alloys or mixtures) thereof
• the metal of the substrate is tungsten
• the substrate also can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of any suitable metal oxide Suitable metal oxides include, for example
• the metal oxide abrasive can be any suitable metal oxide that can function as an abrasive. Suitable metal oxides include alumina, silica, titania, ceria, zirconia, germania, magnesia, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the metal oxide abrasive is silica. More preferably, the metal oxide abrasive is fumed silica.
• the metal oxide abrasive is characterized by a total surface hydroxyl group density that is sufficiently low that adherence of the metal oxide abrasive to the substrate being polished therewith, particularly after subsequent cleaning, does not exceed a satisfactory level (e.g., adherence of the metal oxide abrasive to the substrate is substantially or entirely avoided).
• the desired total surface hydroxyl group density is less than the total surface hydroxyl group density saturation level for the particular metal oxide abrasive.
• silica for example, has a total surface hydroxyl group density of about 4.7-5 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 .
• the metal oxide abrasive typically is characterized by a total surface hydroxyl group density of no greater than about 4 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 .
• the metal oxide abrasive is characterized by a total surface hydroxyl group density of no greater than about 3 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 . More preferably, the total surface hydroxyl group density is no greater than about 2.8 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 , e.g., 2-2.8 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 . Most preferably, the total surface hydroxyl group density is no greater than about 2.5 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 .
• the total surface hydroxyl group density also can be no greater than about 2 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 , e.g., 1-2 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 , or even no greater than about 1 hydroxyl group per nm 2 , e.g., 0.7-1 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 .
• the total surface hydroxyl group density of the metal oxide abrasive can be quantitatively analyzed by any suitable method.
• the metal oxide abrasive with the aforementioned total surface hydroxyl group density can be prepared by any suitable method.
• a metal oxide abrasive can be a direct result of the metal oxide preparation process and/or subjected to post-treatment to reduce the total surface hydroxyl group density.
• Suitable methods for the reduction of total surface hydroxyl group density include, for example: (i) reaction of total surface hydroxyl groups with a coupling agent, (ii) esterifying total surface hydroxyl groups with an alcohol, and (iii) subjecting total surface hydroxyl groups to dehydration condensation by exposure to high temperature (e.g., by heating the metal oxide).
• Methods for preparing the metal oxide abrasive with the desired total surface hydroxyl group density are desc ⁇ bed in U.S. Patent 4,664,679.
• Suitable coupling agent can be used for the reduction of the surface hydroxyl density of metal oxide abrasives.
• Suitable coupling agents include, for example, silane coupling agents (i.e., methyltrimethoxysilane or hexamethyldisilazane), aluminum coupling agents (I e., acetoalkoxy aluminum dnsopropylate), an organotitanium coupling agent (i.e., lsopropyl-t ⁇ isostearoyl titanate), and an organophosphorous coupling agent (i.e , dibutyl 2-methallyloxyethyl phosphate).
• silane coupling agents i.e., methyltrimethoxysilane or hexamethyldisilazane
• aluminum coupling agents I e., acetoalkoxy aluminum dnsopropylate
• an organotitanium coupling agent i.e., lsopropyl-t ⁇
• any suitable method for treatment with the coupling agent can be utilized, e.g , liquid phase treatment or gas phase treatment
• the coupling agent treatment can be evaluated by any suitable method, such as, for example, organic elemental analysis of carbon content in the metal oxide abrasive.
• Any suitable alcohol can be used for the reduction of the total surface hydroxyl group density of metal oxide abrasives Suitable alcohols include, for example, straight-chain or branched-cham saturated monohyd ⁇ c alcohols having 1 - 18 carbon atoms, e.g., methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol or t- butanol.
• the este ⁇ fication treatment is conducted m a gas phase with a temperature between the boiling point of the alcohol used and 350 °C Any suitable temperature can be used for the dehydration condensation of hydroxyl groups of the metal oxide abrasive
• the metal oxide abrasive preferably is heated at a temperature of at least about 500 °C (e g., about 550-600 °C).
• the metal oxide abrasive can be heated at higher temperatures, such as at a temperature of at least 800 °C or even at least 1000 °C.
• the composition used in the present inventive method comprises a liquid carrier, in addition to the metal oxide abrasive Any suitable liquid earner can be used m the metal oxide abrasive composition.
• a earner is used to facilitate the application of the metal oxide abrasive onto the surface of a suitable substrate to be polished or plananzed.
• a preferred liquid earner is water
• the metal oxide abrasive composition has a pH of about 7 or less. Such a pH inhibits hydrolyzation of the metal oxide abrasive. At a pH greater than about 7, the metal oxide abrasive is rehydrolyzed m a reasonable amount of time, such that the total surface hydroxyl group density eventually reaches the saturation point (i.e., about 4 7-5 hydroxyl groups per nm 2 ).
• the metal oxide abrasive composition preferably has a pH of about 6 or less, e.g., about 5-6. More preferably, the composition has a pH of about 5 or less, e.g., about 4-5.
• Such a relatively lower pH will not function to reduce the total surface hydroxyl group density of the metal oxide abrasive, but rather provides for maintenance of a reduced total surface hydroxyl group density with respect to the metal oxide abrasive for a significant period of time, e.g., during storage of the metal oxide abrasive composition before use in a polishing or planarizing process.
• the metal oxide abrasive also can be chemically treated to inhibit hydrolyzation during storage of the metal oxide abrasive composition.
• the pH of the metal oxide abrasive composition can be adjusted, if necessary, in any suitable manner, e.g., by adding a pH adjuster to the composition.
• Suitable pH adjusters include, for example, bases such as potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and mixtures thereof, as well as acids such as mineral acids (e.g., nitric acid and sulfuric acid) and organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, and oxalic acid).
• the metal oxide abrasive composition optionally can further comprise one or more other additives.
• additives include surfactants (e.g., cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, fluorinated surfactants, and mixtures thereof), polymeric stabilizers or other surface active dispersing agents (e.g., phosphoric acid, organic acids, tin oxides, and phosphonate compounds), pH buffers (e.g., potassium phosphate), and polishing accelerators such as catalysts, oxidizers, and chelating or complexing agents (e.g., metal, particularly ferric, nitrates, sulfates, halides (including fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides), compounds with carboxylate, hydroxyl, sulfonic, and/or phosphonic groups, di-, tri-, multi-, and poly-carboxylic acids and salts (such as tartaric acids and tartrate

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
• Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
• Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
• Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22628143

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (30)

Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2000
  • 2000-12-15 US US09/737,905 patent/US6872328B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-15 IL IL15018600A patent/IL150186A0/xx unknown
  • 2000-12-15 EP EP00986423A patent/EP1242557B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-15 AU AU22663/01A patent/AU2266301A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-12-15 WO PCT/US2000/034058 patent/WO2001044402A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2000-12-15 KR KR1020027007597A patent/KR100563166B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-15 AT AT00986423T patent/ATE307859T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-12-15 CN CNB008170908A patent/CN1196760C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-15 DE DE60023549T patent/DE60023549T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-15 JP JP2001545482A patent/JP4237439B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-16 TW TW089126982A patent/TWI263671B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (5)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events