WO2000028687A1 - Dispositif emetteur/recepteur a multiplexage frequentiel optique et procede correspondant - Google Patents
Dispositif emetteur/recepteur a multiplexage frequentiel optique et procede correspondant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000028687A1 WO2000028687A1 PCT/JP1999/006126 JP9906126W WO0028687A1 WO 2000028687 A1 WO2000028687 A1 WO 2000028687A1 JP 9906126 W JP9906126 W JP 9906126W WO 0028687 A1 WO0028687 A1 WO 0028687A1
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- subcarrier
- ofdm
- receiving apparatus
- transmission
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/42—TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
- H04L27/2627—Modulators
- H04L27/2637—Modulators with direct modulation of individual subcarriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
- H04L27/2646—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only using feedback from receiver for adjusting OFDM transmission parameters, e.g. transmission timing or guard interval length
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2649—Demodulators
- H04L27/2653—Demodulators with direct demodulation of individual subcarriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
- H04L5/0046—Determination of how many bits are transmitted on different sub-channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
- H04W52/346—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading distributing total power among users or channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
- H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
- H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus and an OFDM transmitting / receiving method used for a communication device of a digital wireless communication system using an OFDM scheme.
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus. Note that the number of subcarriers in FIG. 1
- the primary-modulated transmission signal is parallel-converted by an S / P (Serial-Parallel) conversion circuit 11 into the number of subcarriers, that is, four subcarriers A to D.
- S / P Serial-Parallel
- the transmission signals of the subcarriers A to D are mapped by the matching circuits 12 to 15, respectively, are inverse fast Fourier transformed by the IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) conversion circuit 16, and are transmitted to the DZA (Digital / Analog) conversion circuit 17. After being converted to an analog signal and amplified, it is wirelessly transmitted from a transmitting antenna (not shown).
- IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
- DZA Digital / Analog
- a signal received by a receiving antenna is converted into a digital signal by an AZD (Analog / Digital) conversion circuit 51, (Fast Fourier Transform)
- the transform circuit 52 performs fast Fourier transform.
- the received signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the FFT conversion circuit 52 are subjected to detection processing by detectors 53 to 56, respectively, and are demodulated by binarization determination by decision units 57 to 60, respectively.
- a PZS (Parallel-Serial) conversion circuit 61 converts the signals into one series of signals.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a spectrum of a conventional OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus.
- FIG. 2A shows a spectrum at the time of transmission of the own station
- FIG. 2B shows a spectrum of a signal at the time of reception of the other station.
- the received power varies depending on the subcarrier even if the transmitted power is constant.
- the conventional OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus has a problem that since the received power is not constant, errors are concentrated on the subcarriers where the received power is falling, and the error rate characteristics are degraded. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide an OFDM transmission / reception device and an OFDM transmission / reception method that can make the power between subcarriers at the time of reception substantially constant and improve the error rate characteristics.
- the present invention achieves the above object in OFDM transmission by performing weighting for each subcarrier and transmitting a signal with different transmission power so that power between subcarriers at the time of reception is constant. Things. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus
- FIG. 2A is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum at the time of transmission in a transmission signal of a conventional OFDM transmission / reception apparatus
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating a conventional spectrum of a transmission signal of the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus at the time of reception.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the FDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of the ⁇ FDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum at the time of transmission in a transmission signal of the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum at the time of reception in a transmission signal of the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 5,
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 6.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 7.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 8.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 9.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 10. Diagram,
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 10.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 11.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 12.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 13.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 14.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 15.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 16.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 17.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 18.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 18.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 19.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a configuration around a control circuit of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 20.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 21. Diagram, and
- FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 22.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- an SZP (Serial-Parallel) conversion circuit 101 converts one primary-modulated transmission signal into a plurality of signals.
- one series of signals is converted into four series of signals.
- the mapping circuits 102 to 105 map the SZP-converted signals of the subcarriers A to D, respectively.
- Multipliers 106 to 109 multiply the mapped subcarriers A to D by a signal of a predetermined coefficient (hereinafter referred to as “coefficient signal”).
- An IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) circuit 110 performs an inverse fast Fourier transform on the transmission signals output from the multipliers 106 to 109.
- the DZA (Digital / Analog) conversion circuit 111 outputs a transmission signal by performing DZA conversion on the output signal of the I / C circuit 110.
- the AZD (Analog / Digital) conversion circuit 151 performs AZD conversion on the received signal.
- An FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) circuit 152 performs a fast Fourier transform on the signal converted into a digital signal.
- the detectors 153 to 156 detect the signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the FFT circuit 152, respectively.
- Judgers 157 to 160 judge and demodulate the signals of detected subcarriers A to D, respectively.
- the PZS (Paralle serial) conversion circuit 161 converts the demodulated signals of a plurality of sequences into one sequence of signals. In the present embodiment, four series of signals are converted into one series of signals.
- Control circuit 162 calculates a coefficient by which the transmission signal of each subcarrier is multiplied based on the output signal of FFT circuit 152, and outputs the calculated coefficient signal to multipliers 106-109.
- control circuit 162 Next, a detailed configuration of the control circuit 162 will be described with reference to the block diagram of FIG.
- envelope generation circuits 201 to 204 generate the envelopes of the received signals of subcarriers A to D output from FFT circuit 152.
- the averaging circuit 205 calculates the average value of the output signals of the envelope generation circuits 201 to 204.
- Dividers 206 to 209 calculate the coefficient signal of each subcarrier by dividing the average value output from averaging circuit 205 by the output signal of envelope generating circuits 201 to 204, respectively.
- the memories 210 to 213 temporarily store the coefficient signals output from the dividers 206 to 209, respectively, and output them to the multipliers 106 to 109.
- the primary-modulated transmission signal is converted in parallel by the SZP conversion circuit 101 into the number of subcarriers, that is, four subcarriers A to D.
- the transmission signals of the subcarriers A to D are mapped by mapping circuits 102 to 105, respectively, multiplied by coefficient signals by multipliers 106 to 109, and output to IFFT conversion circuit 110.
- Each signal input to the IF FT conversion circuit 110 is subjected to inverse fast Fourier transform, converted to an analog signal by the DZA conversion circuit 111, amplified, and then amplified. Sent by radio from Tena. '.
- the received signal is converted into a digitized signal by the AZD conversion circuit '151, and is subjected to fast Fourier transform by the FFT conversion circuit 152.
- the received signals of each subcarrier A to D output from the FFT conversion circuit 15 2 are subjected to detection processing by the detectors 15 3 to 15 6 respectively, and are binarized by the detectors 15 7 to 16 0.
- the signal is demodulated by the conversion decision, and is converted into one series of signals by the PZS conversion circuit 161.
- the envelope generation circuits 201 to 204 generate the envelopes of the reception signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the FFT conversion circuit 152,
- the averaging circuit 205 calculates the average value of the output signals of the envelope generation circuits 201 to 204.
- dividers 206 to 209 divide the output signals of envelope generation circuits 201 to 204 by an average value to calculate a coefficient signal to be multiplied by the transmission signal.
- the calculated coefficient signals of the subcarriers A to D are temporarily stored in the memories 210 to 213 and then output to the multipliers 106 to 109.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum of a signal transmitted from the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A shows the spectrum of a signal at the time of transmission of the own station
- FIG. 5B shows the spectrum of the signal at the time of reception of the other station.
- the power at the time of reception by the partner station is obtained. Can be made substantially constant.
- transmission power control is performed for each subcarrier using this device as a base station device.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration around control circuit 162 of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 6 parts that are the same as those in the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4, and description thereof is omitted.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 6 has a configuration in which connection switches 221 to 224 are added in the control circuit 162, as compared with the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG.
- the envelope generators 201 to 204 output the generated envelopes to the connection switches 221 to 224.
- the connection switches 221 to 224 output only the final symbols of the signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the envelope generators 201 to 204 to the averaging circuit 205 and the dividers 206 to 209 based on the timing signal. I do.
- the averaging circuit 205 calculates the average value of the power in the last symbol of the received signal.
- Dividers 206 to 209 calculate the coefficient signal of each subcarrier by dividing the average value of the power in the last symbol of the received signal output from averaging circuit 205 by the power of the signal in the last symbol of the received signal.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration around control circuit 162 of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 7 parts that are the same as those in the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4, and description thereof is omitted.
- the OFDM transceiver shown in FIG. 7 is different from the OFDM transceiver shown in FIG. A configuration in which an averaging circuit 2 3 1 to 2 3 4 is added to the control circuit 16 2 is adopted.
- the envelope generators 201 to 204 output the generated envelope to the averaging circuits 231-234.
- the averaging circuits 2 3 1 to 2 3 4 calculate the average value of the signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the envelope generators 201 to 204 based on the timing signal, and Output to 205 and divider 206 to 209.
- the averaging circuit 205 averages the values of the averaging circuits 231 to 234.
- the dividers 206 to 209 calculate the average value of the power in the last symbol of the received signal output from the averaging circuit 205 by the power of the signal output from the averaging circuit 231 to 234. Thus, the coefficient signal of each subcarrier is calculated.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration around control circuit 162 of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 8 is different from the FDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 4 in that a digital subtractor 24 1 to 24 4 and a decision unit 24 5 to 2 4 8 are provided in a control circuit 16 2. And a switching switch 2 49 to 25 2 is added.
- the averaging circuit 205 outputs the calculated average value to the dividers 206 to 209 and the digit subtracters 241 to 244.
- the digitizer subtractors 241 to 244 subtract the output signal of the averaging circuit 205 from the output signals of the envelope generators 201 to 204, respectively, and subtract the result of the subtraction. It outputs to the judgment unit 245-248.
- the decision unit 24 5 to 2 48 The coefficient signal stored in 13 is output to the multipliers 106 to 109, otherwise, the coefficient “1.0” is output to the multipliers 106 to 109. Controls the switching switches 24 9 to 25 2.
- Embodiment 4 can be combined with Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration around control circuit 162 of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 8 denote the same parts as in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 8, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 9 adopts a configuration in which a threshold value is set in the control circuit 162 and a subtracter 261 is added, as compared with the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus in FIG.
- the averaging circuit 205 outputs the calculated average value to the dividers 206 to 209 and the subtractor 261.
- the subtracter 26 1 subtracts a preset threshold value from the output signal of the averaging circuit 205 and outputs the result of the subtraction to the digital subtractors 24 1 to 24 4.
- the digitizer subtractors 2 4 1 to 2 4 4 subtract the output signal of the subtractor 26 1 from the output signals of the envelope generators 201 to 204, respectively, and determine the result of the subtraction as a decision unit 2 4 5 Output to ⁇ 2 4 8
- the transmission power standard is strict, and the power of the entire device is Can be dealt with when it is necessary to lower
- Embodiment 5 can be combined with Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3. Can be.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration around control circuit 162 of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 10 parts that are the same as those in the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 9 are given the same reference numerals as in FIG.
- the FDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 10 is different from the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus in FIG. 9 in that a threshold 1 used when the line quality is good and a threshold 2 used when the line quality is bad are included in the control circuit 162.
- the switch 271 outputs the threshold 1 to the subtractor 261 when the line quality is good, and outputs the threshold 2 to the subtractor 261 when the line quality is bad, based on the line quality signal.
- the subtractor 261 subtracts the threshold 1 or the threshold 2 from the output signal of the averaging circuit 205, and outputs the result of the subtraction to the digital subtractors 241 to 244.
- the threshold value used to determine whether to multiply the coefficient signal based on the channel quality it is possible to further improve the error rate characteristics as compared with the fifth embodiment.
- Embodiment 6 can be combined with Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration around control circuit 162 of the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 11 employs a configuration in which decision units 281 to 284 and switching switches 285 to 288 are added to the control circuit 162, as compared with the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG.
- Dividers 206 to 209 output the calculated coefficient signals of the respective subcarriers to memory 210-213 and determiners 281 to 284.
- each of decision units 281 to 284 multiplies the coefficient signal stored in memories 210 to 213 by multiplier 106. To 109, and if the upper limit is exceeded, control the switching switches 285 to 288 so that the upper limit is output to the multipliers 106 to 109.
- a preset upper limit value for example, “2.0”
- the peak power can be suppressed, and the capacity of the transmission amplifier can be suppressed.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration around control circuit 162 of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 12 employs a configuration in which decision units 281 to 284 and switching switches 285 to 288 are added to the control circuit 162, as compared with the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG.
- Dividers 206 to 209 output the calculated coefficient signals of the respective subcarriers to memories 210 to 213 and determiners 281 to 284.
- each of decision units 281 to 284 multiplies the coefficient signal stored in memories 210 to 213 by multiplier 106 to When the output is lower than the lower limit, the switches 285 to 288 are controlled so that the lower limit is output to the multipliers 106 to 109.
- a preset lower limit for example, “0.2”
- Embodiment 8 can be appropriately combined with Embodiments 2 to 7.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration around control circuit 162 of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention. Note that in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 13, portions common to the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG.
- the OFDM transmitter / receiver shown in FIG. 13 has a connection switch 299-1 to 294 and a switch 2995 to 298 added to the control circuit 162 in comparison with the OFDM transmitter / receiver of FIG. Take the configuration.
- the envelope generators 201 to 204 output the generated envelope to the connection switches 221-224. Based on the timing signal, the connection switches 2 2 1 to 2 2 4 transmit the subcarriers A to 2 output from the envelope generators 210 to 204 only when transmitting packets carrying important information.
- the signal of D is output to the averaging circuit 205 and the dividers 206 to 209.
- the switching switches 295 to 298 use the coefficient signals stored in the memories 210 to 213 when transmitting buckets carrying important information based on the timing signals. To 1109, otherwise the coefficient “1.0” is output to multipliers 106 to 109.
- Embodiment 9 can be appropriately combined with Embodiments 2 to 8.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 14 parts that are the same as those in the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 3 are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 3, and description thereof is omitted.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 14 is different from the FDM transmission / reception apparatus in FIG. 3 in that switching switches 121 to 124 and 1-bit shift circuits 125 to 128 for doubling the amplitude are used instead of multipliers 106 to 109. Is adopted. Further, a configuration is employed in which a control circuit 171 that outputs a control signal is used instead of the control circuit 162 that outputs a coefficient signal.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration around control circuit 171 of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- the control circuit 171 of the OFDM transceiver shown in FIG. 15 is different from the control circuit 162 of the OFDM transceiver shown in FIG. 8 in that the dividers 206 to 209, the memories 210 to 213, and the switching switches 249 to 252 are deleted. It adopts the configuration and outputs the control signals of the judgment units 245 to 248.
- the output signals of the mapping circuits 102 to 105 are output to the 1-bit shift circuits 125 to 128, Otherwise, the output signals of the mapping circuits 102 to 105
- the switching switches 121 to 124 are controlled so that they are output to the IFFT circuit 110 as they are.
- the circuit scale can be reduced by changing the amplitude by the bit shift circuit and the adder / subtracter without using the multiplier.
- a plurality of amplitude magnifications such as “2.0”, “1.5”, and “1.25”, which can be realized by combining a bit shift circuit and an adder / subtractor, are prepared, and this amplitude magnification is set to each subcarrier.
- Embodiment 10 can be combined with Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3.
- the subtractor 261 may be added, and the determination may be performed using a value obtained by subtracting a preset threshold value from the output signal of the averaging circuit 205.
- a switch 271 may be added to adaptively change the threshold used for the determination.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention. Note that, in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 16, the same parts as those in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 3, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 16 employs a configuration in which connection switches 181 to 184 are added, as compared with the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG.
- connection switches 181 to 184 are connected or disconnected based on the channel type signal, and receive signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the FFT conversion circuit 152. Are output to the control circuit 162 only.
- Embodiment 11 can be combined with any one of Embodiments 2 to 10.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention. Note that, in the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 17, the same components as those in the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 17 employs a configuration in which connection switches 191 to 194 are added, as compared with the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG.
- connection switches 191 to 194 are connected or disconnected based on the timing signal, and output only pilot symbols to the control circuit 162 among the received signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the FFT conversion circuit 152. .
- the coefficient can be determined using only the pilot symbol. Therefore, even in the case of a modulation method in which information is superimposed on the amplitude in addition to the phase, such as 16 QAM, since the pilot symbol generally has a small number of modulation levels, the coefficient may vary depending on the modulation signal. Therefore, deterioration of characteristics can be prevented.
- the twelfth embodiment can be combined with any one of the second to tenth embodiments.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention. Note that, in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 18, parts that are common to the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 3 are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 3, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 18 employs a configuration in which a decision unit 401 and connection switches 411 to 414 are added, as compared with the FDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG.
- the decision unit 401 compares the line quality signal representing the quality of the line quality with a numerical value and a preset threshold value A, and determines the line quality among the switching switches 4 1 1 to 4 14.
- the switching switches 4 1 1 to 4 14 are controlled so that only those corresponding to the user whose signal exceeds the threshold A are connected.
- the quality of the line quality can be quantified by the level difference between the signals before and after the hard decision in demodulation.
- connection switches 4 1 1 to 4 14 are connected or disconnected based on the control of the decision unit 401, and are included in the received signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the FFT conversion circuit 152. Only those with poor line quality are output to the control circuit 16 2.
- Embodiment 13 can be combined with any one of Embodiments 2 to 12.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 19 portions common to those in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 18 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 19 adopts a configuration in which an averaging circuit 402 is added as compared with the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus of FIG.
- the averaging circuit 402 averages the line quality signal over a plurality of frames, and calculates an average value of the line quality signal.
- Judgment device 401 compares the average value of the line quality signal with a predetermined threshold A, and determines that the average value of the line quality signal is equal to threshold value A in switching switches 4 1 1 to 4 14. Switch 4 1 1 to 4 to connect only those that correspond to the users who exceeded Control 1 4
- Embodiment 14 can be combined with any of Embodiments 2 to 12.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention. Note that in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 20, portions common to the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 18 will be assigned the same reference numerals as in FIG. 18 and description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 20 employs a configuration in which a decision unit 403 and an AND circuit 404 are added, as compared with the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG.
- Judgment device 401 compares the line quality signal with a predetermined threshold value A, and outputs a signal indicating the comparison result to AND circuit 404.
- Judgment device 4003 compares the line quality signal with a preset threshold value B, and outputs a signal indicating the comparison result to AND circuit 404. Note that the threshold B is higher than the threshold A.
- the AND circuit 404 switches so that only the switch corresponding to the user whose line quality signal exceeds the threshold A and falls below the threshold B among the switching switches 4 1 1 to 4 14 is connected. Control the switches 4 1 1 to 4 14.
- connection switches 4 1 1 to 4 14 are connected or disconnected based on the control of the AND circuit 4 04, and are included in the received signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the FFT conversion circuit 15 2. Then, except for those having extremely poor line quality, only those having poor user line quality are output to the control circuit 162.
- Embodiment 15 can be combined with any of Embodiments 2 to 12 and 14.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention. Note that, in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 21, parts that are the same as those in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 21 are given the same reference numerals as in FIG.
- the OFDM transmission / reception device shown in FIG. 21 has a configuration in which an identical inspection circuit 405, a counter 406, a decision unit 407, and an AND circuit 408 are added, as compared with the OFDM transmission / reception device shown in FIG.
- Judgment device 401 compares the line quality signal with a predetermined threshold value A, and outputs a signal indicating the comparison result to AND circuit 408.
- the CRC check circuit 405 checks whether the check bit of the signal output from the PZS conversion circuit 161 is correct or not, and outputs a pulse signal to the counter 406 when the check bit is incorrect.
- the counter 406 counts the number of pulse signals output from the CRC inspection circuit 405 over a predetermined period, for example, 10 frames, and outputs the count value to the determiner 407.
- the determiner 407 compares the count value output from the counter 406 with a preset threshold value C, and outputs a signal indicating the comparison result to the AND circuit 408.
- the AND circuit 408 is configured to connect only the switch corresponding to the user whose line quality signal is below the threshold A among the switching switches 41 1 to 414 when the count value falls below the threshold C. Controls 1-414.
- Connection switch 41; 414 are connected or disconnected based on the control of the AND circuit 408, and among the received signals of the respective subcarriers A to D output from the FFT conversion circuit 152, the control circuit determines only those having poor line quality. Output to 162. As a result, the gain control is performed only when the number of erroneous check bits is small as a result of the CRC check and the propagation environment is good, so that the user who should perform the gain control should be selected more accurately than in Embodiment 13. Can be.
- the sixteenth embodiment can be combined with any one of the second to twelfth embodiments, the fourteenth embodiment, and the fifteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 17 of the present invention.
- portions common to the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 3, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 22 employs a configuration in which a memory 421, a decision unit 422, and switching switches 431 to 434 are added, as compared with the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus in FIG.
- the memory 421 temporarily stores the coefficient output from the control circuit 162, and updates the coefficient by outputting the stored coefficient when a new coefficient is input.
- the determiner 422 calculates a coefficient difference that is a difference between the current coefficient output from the control circuit 162 and the previous coefficient output from the memory 421, and compares the coefficient difference with a preset threshold D. When the coefficient difference falls below the threshold value D, the coefficient output from the control circuit 162 is output to the multipliers 106 to 109, and otherwise, the coefficient “1.0” is output to the multipliers 106 to 109.
- the switching switches 431 to 434 are controlled as described above.
- the switching switches 431 to 434 output the coefficients or the coefficient “1.0” output from the control circuit 162 to the multipliers 106 to 109 based on the control of the decision unit 422.
- the seventeenth embodiment can be combined with any one of the second to sixteenth embodiments.
- Embodiment 18 is an embodiment in which a process of weighting transmission power for each subcarrier and a process of performing selection diversity using a plurality of antenna branches are combined.
- the number of transmission and reception branches is assumed to be two.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 18 of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG.
- the FDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 23 is different from the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus in FIG. 3 in that switching switches 521 to 524, an IFFT circuit 510, and a DZA conversion circuit 511 are added to the transmitting side, and An A / D conversion circuit 551, an FFT circuit 552, and switching switches 571 to 574 are added. Further, a configuration is employed in which a control circuit 562 that outputs a control signal and a coefficient signal is used instead of the control circuit 162 that outputs a coefficient signal.
- the switching switches 521 to 524 switch the transmission branches of the subcarriers A to D which have been respectively mapped based on the control signal.
- the IFFT circuit 510 performs an inverse fast Fourier transform on the input transmission signal, similarly to the I?
- the DZA conversion circuit 511 converts the output signal of the IFFT circuit 510 to DZA (digital analog) conversion to output the transmission signal of the branch 2 similarly to the DZA conversion circuit 111.
- the 0 conversion circuit 551 performs AZD (analog / digital) conversion on the received signal of the branch 2 similarly to the AZD conversion circuit 151.
- FFT circuit 552 Performs a fast Fourier transform on the digital signal of the branch 2 similarly to the FFT circuit 152.
- the switching switches 5 7 1 to 5 7 4 output either the FFT circuit 15 2 or the output signal of the FFT circuit 5 52 to the detectors 15 3 to 15 6 for each subcarrier based on the control signal. Output.
- the control circuit 562 calculates a coefficient to be multiplied by the transmission signal of each subcarrier and selects a transmission branch based on the output signals of the clock circuit 152 and the FFT circuit 552. Then, the coefficient signal is output to multipliers 106 to 109, and the control signal is output to switching switches 52 1 to 52 4 and switching switches 57 1 to 57 4.
- control circuit 562 will be described with reference to the block diagram of FIG.
- the control circuit 562 of the OFDM transceiver shown in FIG. 24 is different from the control circuit 162 of the OFDM transceiver shown in FIG. 4 in that the digital subtractors 61 1 to 61 4 and the decision unit 615 A configuration in which ⁇ 6 18 and a switching switch 6 19 ⁇ 62 2 are added is adopted.
- the digital subtracters 61 1 to 61 4 subtract the output signals of the envelope generation circuits 61 to 64 from the output signals of the envelope generation circuits 201 to 204, respectively, and calculate the result of the subtraction. Output to the judgment unit 615 to 610.
- the determiner 6 15 to 6 19 determines that the optimal branch of the subcarrier A transmission signal is branch 1. Otherwise, it is determined that the optimal branch of the transmission signal of subcarrier A is branch 2. Then, the control signal carrying the judgment result is output to the switching switches 6 19 to 6 22, the switching switches 5 2 1 to 5 24 and the switching switches 5 7 1 to 5 7 4.
- the switching switches 619 to 622 average one of the output signals of the envelope generation circuits 201 to 204 or the envelope generation circuits 601 to 604 for each subcarrier based on the control signals output from the decision units 615 to 619. Output to the conversion circuit 205 and the dividers 206 to 209.
- the error rate characteristics can be significantly improved.
- this apparatus for a base station apparatus, it is possible to improve the downlink error rate characteristics without increasing the hardware scale of the communication terminal apparatus.
- gain control on transmit diversity the drop in reception level due to fading etc. can be greatly reduced compared to the case of single branch, so the gain control value can be made very small, and the peak power can be made very low can do.
- Embodiment 18 has been described assuming that the number of transmission and reception branches is two, the present invention does not limit the number of subcarriers and the number of transmission and reception branches. In the present invention, selection diversity can be used only on the receiving side.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 19 of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 23 denote the same parts as those in FIG. 23, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 25 is different from the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus in FIG. 23 in that a PZS conversion circuit 701, a counter 702, a decision unit 703, and a switching switch are provided. A configuration in which 7 1 1 to 7 14 are added is adopted.
- the P / S conversion circuit 701 converts the control signal for selecting the transmission branch output from the control signal 562 into a serial signal and outputs the control signal to the counter 702.
- the counter 702 counts the number of selected subcarriers for each transmission branch based on the control signal output from the PZS conversion circuit 701, and outputs the count value to the determiner 703.
- the judgment unit 703 compares the maximum value of the count value output from the counter 702 with a preset threshold value E, and determines that the maximum value of the count value exceeds the threshold value E.
- the switching switches 7 1;! To 7 are multiplied by the coefficient “1.0” for the subcarriers transmitted from the branch and multiplied by the coefficients output from the control circuit 562 for the other subcarriers. Control 1 4
- the switching switches 7 1 1 to 7 14 multiply the coefficient output from the control circuit 5 62 or the coefficient “1.0” by the multipliers 10 6 to 10 9 based on the control of the decision unit 7 03. Output to
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 20 of the present invention.
- portions common to the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 24 are assigned the same reference numerals as in FIG. 24, and description thereof is omitted.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 26 is different from the FDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 24 in that the control circuit 56 2 has a PZS conversion circuit 63 1, a counter 63 2 3. A configuration in which a switching switch 6 3 4, a judging device 6 35 and a switching switch 6 36 to 6 39 are added is adopted.
- the PZS conversion circuit 631 converts the control signal on which the determination result output from the determiners 615 to 618 is loaded in series, and outputs it to the counter 632.
- the counter 632 counts the number of subcarriers to be transmitted for each transmission branch based on the control signal output from the PZS conversion circuit 631, and outputs the count value to the decision unit 633.
- Judgment device 6333 compares the maximum value of the count value output from counter 632 with a preset threshold value F, and when the maximum value of the count value falls below threshold value F, the upper limit value A (For example, “2.0”), and otherwise controls the changeover switch 634 to select the upper limit B (for example, “1.5”).
- the upper limit A is higher than the upper limit B.
- the switch 634 outputs the upper limit A or the upper limit B to the determiner 635 and the switches 636 to 369 based on the control of the determiner 633.
- the decision unit 6 3 5 multiplies the coefficient signal stored in the memory 2 10 to 2 13 by the multiplier 10 6. 1 9 9 1 1 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 21 of the present invention. Note that, in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 27, parts that are common to the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 23 are assigned the same reference numerals as in FIG. 23, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 27 differs from the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. Take the configuration.
- the FFT circuit 152 performs a fast Fourier transform on the signal of the branch 1 converted into a digital signal, and outputs the received signals of the subcarriers A to D to the detectors 153 to 156.
- the FFT circuit 552 performs a fast Fourier transform on the digitally converted signal of branch 2 and outputs the received signals of the subcarriers A to D to the detectors 553 to 556.
- the detectors 153 to 156 detect the signals of the subcarriers A to D output from the FFT circuit 152, respectively. Similarly, detectors 553 to 556 perform detection processing on the signals of subcarriers A to D output from FFT circuit 552, respectively.
- the combining circuits 58 1 to 584 combine the signals of the subcarriers A to D detected by the detectors 153 to 156 and the detectors 553 to 556, respectively.
- Judgers 157 to 160 judge the demodulated signals of subcarriers A to D, respectively, and demodulate them.
- the error rate characteristics can be improved.
- this apparatus when this apparatus is used for a base station apparatus, it is possible to improve the uplink error rate without performing gain control on the mobile station side, so that it is not necessary to increase the hardware scale of the mobile station.
- FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of an OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 22 of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 shows only the part related to the signal of subcarrier A on the receiving side.
- the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 23 and 24 denote the same parts as in the OFDM transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG. 28 is different from the OFDM transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIGS. 23 and 24 in that, on the receiving side, multipliers 591, 592 and adders are used instead of the combining circuit 581.
- multipliers 591, 592 and adders are used instead of the combining circuit 581.
- Using 593 a configuration in which an averaging circuit 301 and dividers 302 and 303 are added to the control circuit 562 is adopted.
- the averaging circuit 301 calculates an average value of the output signal of the envelope generating circuit 201 and the output signal of the envelope generating circuit 601.
- the divider 302 calculates the weight coefficient of the subcarrier A branch 1 by dividing the output signal of the envelope generation circuit 201 by the average value output from the averaging circuit 301.
- the divider 303 calculates the weight coefficient of the subcarrier A branch 2 by dividing the output signal of the envelope generation circuit 601 by the average value output from the averaging circuit 301.
- Multiplier 591 multiplies the signal of subcarrier A branch 1 detected by detector 15 53 by the weight coefficient of subcarrier A branch 1.
- Multiplier 592 multiplies the signal of subcarrier A branch 2 detected by detector 553 by the weight coefficient of subcarrier A branch 2.
- the adder 593 adds the weighted signals output from the multiplier 591 and the multiplier 592, and outputs the signal of the branch A to the determiner 157.
- the signals received in each branch can be combined at the maximum ratio for each subcarrier, so that the error rate characteristics can be further improved as compared with Embodiment 18.
- the number of subcarriers has been described as 4. However, the present invention does not limit the number of subcarriers.
- the transmission power is weighted for each subcarrier, and the reception power at the partner station can be kept almost constant.
- the rate characteristics can be improved.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU10763/00A AU1076300A (en) | 1998-11-06 | 1999-11-04 | Ofdm transmitting/receiving device and method |
US09/582,613 US6345036B1 (en) | 1998-11-06 | 1999-11-04 | OFDM transmitting/receiving device and method |
IL13705799A IL137057A (en) | 1998-11-06 | 1999-11-04 | OFDM reception / transmission device and method |
EP99954362A EP1043857A4 (en) | 1998-11-06 | 1999-11-04 | OPTICAL FREQUENCY MULTIPLEXING TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER DEVICE AND METHOD THEREOF |
CA002316904A CA2316904C (en) | 1998-11-06 | 1999-11-04 | Ofdm transmitting and receiving apparatus and ofdm transmitting and receiving method |
NO20003475A NO331646B1 (no) | 1998-11-06 | 2000-07-05 | Fremgangsmate og apparat for ortogonalt frekvensdelt multipleksende sending og mottak |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
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JP10/316414 | 1998-11-06 | ||
JP31641498 | 1998-11-06 | ||
JP11/070814 | 1999-03-16 | ||
JP7081499 | 1999-03-16 | ||
JP11/101733 | 1999-04-08 | ||
JP10173399A JP4287536B2 (ja) | 1998-11-06 | 1999-04-08 | Ofdm送受信装置及びofdm送受信方法 |
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US09/984,944 Continuation US6747945B2 (en) | 1998-11-06 | 2001-10-31 | OFDM transmitting and receiving apparatus and OFDM transmitting and receiving method |
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WO2000028687A1 true WO2000028687A1 (fr) | 2000-05-18 |
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PCT/JP1999/006126 WO2000028687A1 (fr) | 1998-11-06 | 1999-11-04 | Dispositif emetteur/recepteur a multiplexage frequentiel optique et procede correspondant |
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US (2) | US6345036B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1043857A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4287536B2 (ja) |
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CN (1) | CN1243422C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU1076300A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2316904C (ja) |
IL (1) | IL137057A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO331646B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000028687A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100396098B1 (ko) | 2003-08-27 |
NO20003475L (no) | 2000-09-05 |
NO331646B1 (no) | 2012-02-13 |
US6747945B2 (en) | 2004-06-08 |
EP1043857A1 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
CA2316904C (en) | 2006-10-17 |
CA2316904A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
CN1287730A (zh) | 2001-03-14 |
CN1243422C (zh) | 2006-02-22 |
KR20010033925A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
JP4287536B2 (ja) | 2009-07-01 |
US6345036B1 (en) | 2002-02-05 |
NO20003475D0 (no) | 2000-07-05 |
AU1076300A (en) | 2000-05-29 |
JP2000332723A (ja) | 2000-11-30 |
US20020027875A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
IL137057A (en) | 2004-12-15 |
EP1043857A4 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
IL137057A0 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
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