Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
  • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
  • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
  • A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
  • A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
  • A61K49/0032—Methine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
  • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
  • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
  • A61K49/005—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the carrier molecule carrying the fluorescent agent
  • A61K49/0052—Small organic molecules
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
  • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
  • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
  • A61K49/005—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the carrier molecule carrying the fluorescent agent
  • A61K49/0058—Antibodies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
  • C07H15/20—Carbocyclic rings
  • C07H15/24—Condensed ring systems having three or more rings
  • C07H15/252—Naphthacene radicals, e.g. daunomycins, adriamycins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
  • C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
  • C09B23/08—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups more than three >CH- groups, e.g. polycarbocyanines
  • C09B23/086—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups more than three >CH- groups, e.g. polycarbocyanines more than five >CH- groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
  • C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/575—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
  • G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
  • G01N33/583—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with non-fluorescent dye label

Definitions

• the invention relates to acid-labile and enzymatically cleavable compounds for in-vivo and in-vitro diagnostics using near-infrared radiation (NIR radiation), the use of these compounds as optical diagnostics and therapeutic agents and diagnostic agents containing these compounds.
• NIR radiation near-infrared radiation
• Near-infrared imaging is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure that uses the high permeability of biological tissue for light with a wavelength of 650-1000 nm. In contrast to light in the ultraviolet and visible spectral range, which can only penetrate the top millimeters of the tissue, penetration depths of up to several centimeters are achieved when using near-infrared light.
• the reasons for the generally low penetration depth of light are the absorption of the body's own dyes, mainly hemoglobin and water, which however have minimal values in the spectral range of the near infrared light between 650 and 1000 nm.
• This spectral range of the greatest optical tissue transparency is therefore also called the diagnostic / therapeutic window (Boulnois, J., Lasers Med Sei 1986, 1: 47-66).
• the diagnostician has another method of imaging tissue available (Haller, EB, Time-resolved transillumination and optical tomography. J Biomed Optics 1996, 1: 7-17).
• the use of NIR radiation for the location-dependent recording of blood flow and degree of oxygenation in the brain of infants by the detection of the absorption of hemoglobin / deoxyhamoglobin has been a method which has been known and used for years (Jobsis, FF, Science 1977,
• the main problem with the use of near-infrared radiation is the strong scattering of the light, so that even with different photophysical properties of a sharply delimited object and its surroundings, this object is only blurred.
• the problem increases with the distance of the object from the surface and can be regarded as the main limiting factor both in the transillumination and in the detection of fluorescence radiation. Therefore, dyes as contrast agents, which shape the optical properties of the tissues and lead to increased absorption and fluorescence of the tissues to be detected, enable clear detection even with a low spatial resolution.
• the absorption behavior of such dye compounds can be used as imaging information.
• the dyes have the property of emitting the absorbed energy as fluorescent radiation, this can also be used as imaging information.
• the fluorescence radiation red-shifted from the excitation radiation is detected separately.
• the advantage is, among other things, that the tissue has an extremely low intrinsic fluorescence even in the NIR range and the background is therefore minimal.
• the prerequisite for this is a sufficient, as high as possible difference in the fluorescence emission between the tissue to be detected and the surrounding tissue. In principle, this can be achieved by a difference in the concentration of the fluorescent dye at a specific point in time after substance application. This difference is often not sufficient, particularly for diagnostics in deeper tissue layers, when using substances with non-specific accumulation behavior.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide new compounds which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
• Absorption maximum is between 600 and 1200 nm
• L stands for a linker structure which contains an acid-labile and / or enzymatically cleavable bond
• n is a number between 1 and 80, where m is a number between 1 and 3,
• A is a dye molecule with at least one
• Molecule a biomolecule, a non-biological macromolecule or a compound B- (LW) 0 or D- (LW) 0 , where
• D is a non-biological macromolecule
• B is a biomolecule
• W represents an antibiotic or anti-cytostatic molecule
• o is a number between 1 and 20
• A represents a biomolecule, a non-biological macromolecule or a compound B- (LW) 0 or D- (LW) 0 , where
• the particular property with regard to the in-vivo detection of the near-infrared fluorescence emission of the compounds according to the invention is that they have little or no fluorescence emission and only after this construct has been cleaved or the dye has been cleaved from the construct at the target site (e.g. tumor, Inflammation) an increase in the fluorescence signal occurs.
• the effective difference in the fluorescence signal between the tissue to be detected and the surrounding tissue is consequently determined by a) the concentration difference due to pharmacokinetic mechanisms and b) the difference in the fluorescence quantum yield at the time of diagnosis.
• the dyes which are structural components of the compounds according to the invention, must be distinguished in their monomeric unconjugated form by high molar absorption coefficients and high fluorescence quantum yields.
• Preferred compounds of general formula I according to the invention are characterized in that F and / or A for one
• Polymethine dye tetrapyrrole dye, tetraazapyrrole dye, xanthine dye, phenoxazine dye or phenothiazine dye.
• the structures from the class of polymethine dyes are particularly preferred, since these have absorption maxima with very high molar absorption coefficients in the near infrared spectral range between 700 and 1000 nm ( ⁇ up to 300000 1 mol -1 cm -1 ), such as cyanine dyes, squarilium dyes and croconium dyes , as well as merocyanine and oxonol dyes.
• R 1 to R 4 and R 7 to R 1 ⁇ independently of one another for a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine atom or a nitro group or for a radical -C0OE 1 , -CONE ⁇ 2 , -NHCOE 1 , -NHCONHE 1 , -NE ⁇ -E 2 , -0E 1 , -OSO3E 1 , -SO3E 1 , -SO2NHE 1 , -E 1 , where E 1 and E 2 independently of one another represent a hydrogen atom, a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain Ci -Csn-alkyl chain, where the chain or parts of this chain can optionally form one or more aromatic or saturated cyclic C5-C6 or bicyclic Cio units, and wherein the Ci-Cso-alkyl chain from 0 to 15 oxygen atoms and / or is interrupted by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups and / or with
• Ester groups 0 to 3 carbon groups, 0 to 3 amino groups, is substituted
• R 5 and R 6 independently of one another represent a radical -E 1 with the meaning given above or for a C ⁇ _- C4 sulfoalkyl chain,
• R 1 to R 10 stand for a link to L
• R 11 for a hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
• E 1 and E 2 have the meaning given above or for one
• R 12 represents a hydrogen atom or a radical E 1 with the meaning given above,
• b represents a number 0, 2 or 3
• R 1 ⁇ and d R 14 independently of one another for hydrogen, a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain Ci - Cio-alkyl chain which is interrupted by up to 5 oxygen atoms and / or substituted with up to 5 hydroxyl groups can be, and the radicals R 13 and R 14 can be linked to form a 5- or 6-membered ring.
• the invention further relates to compounds of the general formula (I) in which dyes are linked to a therapeutically active molecule via a physiologically cleavable bond, or dye and active ingredient are linked to biomolecules or non-biological carrier molecules via physiologically cleavable bonds.
• the active molecule is masked by the coupling to the dye or carrier molecule (pro-drug effect).
• the cleavage of the bond leads to an increase in the fluorescence emission with simultaneous release of the activity of the active substance.
• Active substances W and / or A in the general formula (I) according to the invention are, for example, the compounds listed below:
• Antibiotics aclacinomycin, actinomycin fi, anthramycin, azaserin, bleomycine, cactinomycin, carubicin, carzinophilin, chromomycine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, mtiomycine, mycophenolic acid, nogalamyicomycinomycinomycinomycin
• Folic acid analogues denopterin, metothrexate, pteropterin,
• Trimetrexate, Pyrimidine analogues ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, car ofur, cytarabine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine, 5-fluoro-uracil,
• Purine analogs fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine and derivatives of the compounds mentioned, alkylating substances: alkylsulfonates, aziridines, ethyleneimines, methylmelamines, nitroureas, nitrogen-free compounds, hormonally active substances such as androgens, antiadrenals, antiandrogens, antiestrogens, estrogens, estrogens RH analogues and progestogens, as well as other cytostatically active substances such as taxol and taxol derivatives.
• active ingredients are photodynamically active substances, which are characterized by their ability to develop a photosensitizing effect through the formation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen and free radicals.
• Such compounds are primarily tetrapyrroles or tetraazapyrroles, for example porphyrins, benzoporphyrins, chlorines, purpurins, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines and derivatives of the compounds mentioned.
• Other compounds are expanded porphyrins, porphycenes and oxazine or phenoxazine dyes.
• the chemical bond which is contained in the linker structure L according to the general formula (I) is structurally such that it is split at certain physiological parameters by which diseased tissues (tumors) are characterized and which differ from normal tissue areas .
• the invention therefore furthermore relates to compounds having linker structures L which are cleaved by reduced physiological pH values.
• Such structures are, for example, alkylhydrazones, acylhydrazones, arylhydrazones, sulfonylhydrazones, imme, oximes, acetals, ketals, orthoesters corresponding to the fragments
• the compounds according to the invention can also be cleaved by enzymes which are present in the tissues to be detected (eg tumors, bacterial inflammation) in an increased concentration.
• the invention therefore furthermore relates to compounds having linker structures L which are cleaved enzymatically.
• Enzymatically cleavable linker structures are, for example, those by cathepsms, peptidases, carboxypeptidases, ⁇ - and ⁇ -glucosidases, lipases, oxidases, phospholipases, phosphatases, phosphodiesterases, proteases, elastases, sulfatases, reductases, transferases and bacterial enzymes, for example Penicillm amidases and ⁇ -lactamases can be cleaved (PD Senter et al., Bioconjugate Chem. 6 (1995), 389-94).
• Preferred enzymatically cleavable structures are short-chain peptide sequences, such as, for example, sequences which contain the ammosaur sequence Val-Leu-Lys.
• the kinetics that lead to an accumulation in the tissue to be detected or to a corresponding concentration gradient at a specific point in time after application must be combined with the kinetics of the Cleavage of the compounds according to the invention and of the kinetics of the removal of the released dye molecule correlate and lead to a synergistic effect.
• a and / or B for an antibody their conjugates and fragments, specific peptides and proteins, receptors, enzymes, enzyme substrates, nucleotides, natural or synthetic ribonucleic acids or deoxyribonucleic acids or whose chemical modifications, such as aptamers or antisense oligonucleotides, lipoproteins, lectins, carbohydrates, mono-, di- or trisaccharides, linear or branched oligo- or polysaccharides or -saccharide derivatives, or for a dextran.
• D is polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polylysine or polylysine dendrimers or their derivatives.
• the structural elements A, D, B, L and W are linked either directly or via conventional functional groups.
• groups are, for example, esters, ethers, secondary and tertiary amines, amides, thiourea, urea, carbamate groups or maleimido structures.
• Another object of the invention is the use of the compounds of general formula I according to the invention for the in vivo diagnosis of diseased tissue areas by means of NIR radiation and for the therapy of diseased tissue areas.
• the invention also relates to optical diagnostics for the in vivo diagnosis of diseased patients Tissue areas by means of NIR radiation, which contains at least one compound of the general formula (I) according to the invention.
• agents are prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art, optionally using customary auxiliaries and / or carriers as well as diluents and the like. These include physiologically compatible electrolytes, buffers, detergents and substances to adjust the osmolarity and to improve the
• the dyes are based on literature
• 4-hydrazinophenyl methyl ketone is synthesized from 4-aminophenyl methyl ketone by diazotization and reduction with SnCl 2 (based on T. G ⁇ recki et al., J.
• N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester compound 7 0.1 g (0.1 mmol) 4 with 14 mg (0.12 mmol) N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in 12 ml dimethylformamide (DMF) are initially charged and at room temperature with a Solution of 23 mg (0.11 mmol) of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide in 1 ml of DMF was added. After stirring for 72 h, the product is precipitated with diethyl ether, filtered off and reprecipitated from DMF / diethyl ether. The product (12 mg) obtained after vacuum drying is used without further purification.
• N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester compound 7 0.1 g (0.1 mmol) 4 with 14 mg (0.12 mmol) N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in 12 ml dimethylformamide (DMF) are initially charged and at room temperature with a Solution of 23 mg (0.11 mmol) of dicyclohexyl carbod
• Fluorescence quantum yield Q 0.1% (5 ⁇ mol / 1 in phosphate buffer pH 7.8; based on indocyanine green as
• Fluorescence quantum yield Q 0.2% (5 ⁇ mol / 1 in phosphate buffer pH 8; based on indocyanine green as standard, see Example 4.1.).
• Phosphate buffer with pH 7.4; 7.0; 6.6; 6.0 and 5.0 are incubated at 37 ° C. Aliquots are taken at different times and the fluorescence quantum yields are determined (SPEX Fluorolog spectral fluorometer, 400 W Xe lamp, PM958 detector, calibrated for the wavelength-dependent sensitivity of the detector, values based on indocyanine green, see Example 4.1.).
• Trifluoroacetic acid stirred for 24 h at room temperature.
• the product 12 is crystallized out with acetonitrile, centrifuged off, washed with acetonitrile and dried, yield 18 mg (24 ⁇ mol) of crude product.
• 14 mg (20 ⁇ mol) 5-carboxy-bis-l, 1 '- (4-sulfobutyl) indotricarbocyanine sodium salt 9 are mixed in 0.5 ml DMF together with 7 mg (22 ⁇ mol) TBTU and 20 ⁇ l triethylamine
• Example 5 purified by chromatography. 12 mg (47%) 13 are obtained.

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