WO1998013421A1 - Composition de resine - Google Patents
Composition de resine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998013421A1 WO1998013421A1 PCT/JP1997/003218 JP9703218W WO9813421A1 WO 1998013421 A1 WO1998013421 A1 WO 1998013421A1 JP 9703218 W JP9703218 W JP 9703218W WO 9813421 A1 WO9813421 A1 WO 9813421A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- parts
- resin composition
- weight
- polymer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08L33/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters containing halogen atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin composition, and a resin molded article produced from the resin composition.
- thermoplastic resin in order to prevent dripping during combustion and reduce the amount of flame retardant in the flame retardation of thermoplastic resin, fibrillating polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was added to the thermoplastic resin together with the flame retardant.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the amount of PTFE added to such a flame-retardant thermoplastic resin is a small amount of about 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, but it is a sufficient amount to exhibit dripping prevention during combustion.
- PTFE has no affinity with other materials, there is a disadvantage that even such a small amount of addition significantly reduces the impact strength of the thermoplastic resin.
- PTFE is added for the purpose of imparting slidability to the thermoplastic resin. The amount added in this case varies depending on the sliding application and the type of the thermoplastic resin. For low-sliding applications, for example, CD-ROM tray materials for personal computers, etc., PTFE is added in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight based on acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene (ABS) resin and used in OA equipment. For gears and the like, about 5% by weight is added to the polycarbonate resin.
- ABS acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene
- PTFE may be added in an amount of 20 to 50% by weight based on polyphenylene sulfide. Even when a relatively large amount of PTF II is added, there is a disadvantage that the impact strength is reduced.
- soldering is performed through through holes when attaching terminals to the connector resin. Go up to the street terminal. Since this flux contains acidic components, it may cause corrosion of the terminals and may cause poor contact.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a resin composition having excellent impact strength and repelling flux.
- the present invention is a.
- the resin composition of the present invention may also contain (d) a flame retardant.
- the present invention also provides a resin molded product produced from the resin composition. Detailed description of the invention
- the non-fluorinated resin (a) is a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin having no fluorine atom.
- Thermoplastic resins include styrenic resins (eg, polystyrene, acrylonitrile / styrene resin (AS), acrylonitrile / butadienenostyrene resin (ABS)); and olefinic resins (eg, polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyvinyl chloride: carbonate-based resin (for example, polycarbonate (PC), polycarbonate-acrylonitrile) Tolyl Z PCA alloy resin such as butadiene / styrene alloy resin (PC / ABS): Polyamide resin (for example, nylon, wholly aromatic polyamide): Polyester resin (for example, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene) Polyamide-based resin; Polyester-based alloy resin; Acryl-based resin (eg, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile): Polyacetal; Polyether ether ketone; Polyphenylene sulfide; Modified polyolefin Penile ether and others.
- thermosetting resin is an epoxy resin; a phenol resin; a urea resin; a melamine resin; an alkyd resin; an unsaturated polyester resin; a diaryl phthalate (DAP) resin: a polyurethane;
- the weight average molecular weight of the non-fluorinated resin (a) may be from 1,000 to 100,000.
- the fluororesin (b) may be a homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), a modified polymer, or a core polymer.
- the fluororesin (b) may be a fine powder obtained by emulsion polymerization, or a molding powder obtained by suspension polymerization.
- the modified polymer of tetrafluoroethylene is obtained by copolymerizing the following modified monomer with tetrafluoroethylene at 0.001 to 1.0% by weight (based on the copolymer).
- the modified monomer used in the modified polymer is, for example, hexafluoropropylene, trifluoromonoethylene, perfluorovinylether, fluoroalkylethylene or the like.
- the core Z-shell polymer is described in, for example, JP-A-4-1154842, JP-A-2-158651, JP-A-2-274711, JP-A-1-247408, and JP-A-63-312836. Has been described.
- the corenoshell polymer includes, for example, (i) an average particle size of a core part composed of a high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene capable of fibrillation and a seal part composed of a low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene that is not fibrillated. (Ii) tetrafluoroethylene having a core of from 99 to 100% by weight of ethylene and from 0 to 1% by weight of a fluorinated olefin that can be copolymerized with tetrafluoroethylene.
- the fluororesin (b) may be a homopolymer or modified polymer of tetrafluoroethylene having a low molecular weight (for example, a weight average molecular weight of 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 8 ⁇ 10 5 ).
- Fluororesin (b) consists of tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene perfluorovinyl ether copolymer (PFA), ethylene Z tetrafluoro Polyethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), tetrafluoroethylene ethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene / perfluorovinyl ether It may be a copolymer, a vinylidene J-leolide copolymer, or the like.
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- CTFE black trifluoroethylene
- TrFE trifluoromonoethylene
- the weight average molecular weight of the fluororesin (b) may be from 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 7 .
- the amount of the fluororesin (b) may be 0.01 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the non-fluororesin (a).
- the preferred amount depends on the application. For example, when the thermoplastic resin is provided with anti-drip properties, the preferred amount is 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight.
- the preferred amount for imparting slidability is 2 to 60 parts by weight.
- the polymer (c) having a polyfluoroalkyl group may be a homopolymer of a monomer having a polyfluoroalkyl group or a copolymer of a monomer copolymerizable with the monomer. .
- the monomer having a polyfluoroalkyl group may be a compound described in JP-A-3-41162, JP-A-3-7745 and the like.
- the monomer having a polyfluoroalkyl group may be a (meth) acrylate having a polyfluoroalkyl group. Having a polyfluoroalkyl group
- CH 2 C (CH 3 ) COOC 2 H 4 N (C 2 H 5 ) S0 2 (CF 2 CF 2 ) 3 CF 3 (n is an integer from n to l 0)
- the polyfluoroalkyl group may have 5 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the polyfluoroalkyl group may be a perfluoroalkyl group.
- (meth) acrylic acid esters having 8 to 12 carbon atoms in the polyfluoroalkyl group are preferred. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Comonomers copolymerized with a monomer having a polyfluoroalkyl group include (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid amide, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and polyoxyethylene ( (Meth) acrylate, polyoxypropylene (meth) acrylate, and the like.
- the polymer (c) having a polyfluoroalkyl group may be a polyfluoroester.
- the polyfluoroester is a compound having a polyfluoroalkyl group and an ester group, and may be a compound described in JP-A-53-139696 and JP-A-53-139697.
- Polyfluoroesters are
- Rf is a polyfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 21 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 0 or 1.
- R is a cyclic acid anhydride. Is the residue excluding. ]
- Polyfluoroesters can be used in addition to repeating units (1) or (2) and (3), if necessary
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group which may or may not have a substituent, and R 5 is a hydrogen atom.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer (c) having a polyfluoroalkyl group is 10
- 00-: L may be 000000.
- the amount of the polymer (c) having a polyfluorene alkyl group is 0.001 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 100 parts by weight of the non-fluorinated resin, preferably L0 parts by weight, for example, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight. May be.
- Typical examples of the flame retardant (d) include compounds containing Group B in Periodic Table 5 such as nitrogen, phosphorus, antimony, and bismuth, and compounds containing Group B halogen compounds.
- the halogen compound include an aliphatic halogen compound, an aliphatic cyclic halogen compound, an aromatic organic halogen compound, for example, bromine-based tetrabromobisphenol A (TBA), deca-mouth modiphenyl ether (DBDPE), Octabromodiphenyl ether (OBDPE), TBA epoxy fuoxy oligomer, brominated cross-linked polystyrene, chlorinated chlorinated paraffin, perchlorocyclopentadecane, and the like.
- TBA bromine-based tetrabromobisphenol A
- DBDPE deca-mouth modiphenyl ether
- OBDPE Octabromodiphenyl ether
- TBA epoxy fuoxy oligomer, brominated cross-
- the phosphorus compound examples include a phosphate ester and a polyphosphate.
- the antimony compound is preferably used in combination with a halogen compound, and examples thereof include antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide.
- aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and molybdenum trioxide can also be used.
- the type and amount of the flame retardant (d) can be arbitrarily selected and are not limited thereto.
- the amount of the flame retardant (d) may be 0 to 40 parts by weight, for example, 0.01 to 30 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the non-fluorinated resin (a).
- the resin composition of the present invention further includes known additives such as an ultraviolet absorber, Antioxidants, pigments, molding aids, calcium carbonate, glass fibers, etc. can be added as needed.
- known additives such as an ultraviolet absorber, Antioxidants, pigments, molding aids, calcium carbonate, glass fibers, etc.
- Examples of the method for blending the components of the resin composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, an open roll, a kneader, and a mixer. Not something.
- the resin composition of the present invention can be used for OA equipment (for example, housing materials for personal computers, facsimile machines, copiers, printers, etc., chassis materials, CD-ROM tray materials, bearing sliding members, paper feeder materials, keyboard materials). Flame-retardant resin used in ⁇ can be used as a sliding member.
- OA equipment for example, housing materials for personal computers, facsimile machines, copiers, printers, etc., chassis materials, CD-ROM tray materials, bearing sliding members, paper feeder materials, keyboard materials.
- Flame-retardant resin used in ⁇ can be used as a sliding member.
- the resin composition of the present invention can be used as a resin that requires slipperiness, abrasion resistance, and elimination of squeak noise in home appliances (for example, air conditioners and video), power cameras, and automobile parts.
- molded bodies include:
- Cleaning supplies (buckets, compost, tubs, recycle bins, etc.),
- Storage supplies (clothes case, caster rack, hook, etc.),
- Baby goods (bathroom, child toilet seat, baby sink, step ladder, baby bottle holder, etc.).
- the time of the heat treatment may be 30 minutes to 20 hours, for example, 1 to 3 hours.
- the resin composition of the present invention can also be used as a resin for preventing flux rising in electronic or electrical connector materials (particularly, polybutylene terephthalate resin).
- resin composition of the present invention is used as a member of a connector, when a terminal is soldered through a through hole, it is possible to prevent a flux from rising onto the terminal through the through hole.
- a molded article can be obtained by molding the resin composition of the present invention. Molding can be performed by injection molding, compression molding, transfer molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, calendar molding, and the like.
- test was performed as follows.
- V Rotational speed (ra / sec)
- the precipitate was separated by filtration and dried at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 538 g of a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing polymer.
- This polymer was pulverized with a milk bee to obtain a powder.
- ABS resin thermoplastic resin
- brominated epoxy resin flame retardant
- Toto Kasei Co., Ltd. product name YD B-408 22.5 parts
- Antimony oxide (flame retardant) [Nippon Seimitsu Co., Ltd., trade name ATOX-S] 7.0 parts
- polytetrafluoroethylene ethylene fine powder [Daikin Industries, Ltd. trade name, Polyflon F —201] and the polyfluoroalkyl group-containing polymer of Synthesis Example 1 were mixed in a tumbler (0.39 parts) in a tumbler at room temperature for 10 minutes at room temperature for 10 minutes. In the machine, compound pellets were obtained to obtain a flame-retardant ABS resin composition.
- the conditions for kneading and extrusion were an extrusion temperature of 210, a screw rotation speed of 130 rotations, and a feed rate of 8 kg / hr.
- Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that the polyfluoroalkyl group-containing polymer of Synthesis Example 1 was not used. Table 1 shows the results.
- ABS resin thermoplastic resin
- polytetrafluoroethylene low molecular weight (Daikin Industries, Ltd. trade name, Lubron L-1 5] (weight (Average molecular weight: about 300,000) 4.0 parts and 2.0 parts of the polyfluoroalkyl group-containing polymer of Synthesis Example 1 were mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an ABS resin composition.
- a Charpy impact test piece (length 5 inches, width 1Z2 inches, thickness 1Z8 inches) and abrasion test pieces (OD 4.6 cm. ID 1.2 cm. Product), and a Charpy impact test and a wear test were performed. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated, except that the polyfluoroalkyl group-containing polymer of Synthesis Example 1 was not used. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated, except that the tetrafluoroethylene core / shell polymer described in Example 2 of JP-A-42 was used. Table 1 shows the results.
- the core tetrapolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene was produced as follows. A 6 L stainless steel autoclave was charged with 296 OmL of deionized water and 1.Og of ammonium perfluorooctanoate,
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- TFE was continuously supplied to keep the internal pressure of the autoclave at 9 ⁇ 0.5 kgfZcm 2 .
- the supply and stirring of the TFE were stopped, and the TFE in the autoclave was discharged.
- Polybutylene terephthalate resin (thermoplastic resin) [Toray Industries, Ltd., trade name 1401X06] 100 parts, brominated epoxy resin (flame retardant) [Toto Kasei Co., Ltd., trade name ⁇ 08-408] 20 parts and 3 parts Antimony oxide (flame retardant) [Nippon Seimitsu Co., Ltd., trade name ATOX-S] 7 parts, and polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder [Daikin Industries, Ltd.
- thermosetting resin 100 parts of a phenolic resin (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite, PM840J) is a polytetrafluoroethylene low molecular weight product (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., trade name: Lubron L-1 5) (weight average molecular weight) About 300,000) 4.0 parts and 2.0 parts of the polyfluoroalkyl group-containing polymer of Synthesis Example 3 were added, kneaded well with a kneader, and uniformly dispersed in the resin. Then put the resin in the mold Molding was performed at a temperature of 165 ° C and a curing speed of 3 minutes to obtain a molded product of 5 cm square and 0.3 cm thick. After heat-treating this molded product at 100 C for 1 hour, the contact angles of water and n-hexadecane were measured. Table 1 shows the results.
- the FUNOL resin was cured in the same manner as in Example 5 except that polytetrafluoroethylene and the compound of Synthesis Example 3 were not added, and the contact angle was measured. Table 1 shows the results.
- the unsaturated polyester resin was cured in the same manner as in Example 6 except that polytetrafluoroethylene and the compound of Synthesis Example 4 were not added, and the contact angle was measured. Table 1 shows the results.
- the resin composition of the present invention is a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing polymer that is compatible with both a fluororesin and a non-fluorine resin to be added for imparting flame retardant drip prevention and slidability to the non-fluorine resin.
- a molded body having excellent impact resistance is provided.
- the resin composition of the present invention is excellent in water / oil repellency and has an effect of repelling flux. This is considered to be because the polyfluoroalkyl group-containing polymer migrates to the surface of the molded article after molding the resin plastic.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/147,952 US6303686B1 (en) | 1996-09-25 | 1997-09-12 | Resin composition having water and oil repellency |
EP97940357A EP0930338B1 (en) | 1996-09-25 | 1997-09-12 | Resin composition |
DE69709141T DE69709141T2 (de) | 1996-09-25 | 1997-09-12 | Harzzusammensetzung |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8/252791 | 1996-09-25 | ||
JP25279196 | 1996-09-25 | ||
JP33089196A JP3903505B2 (ja) | 1996-09-25 | 1996-12-11 | 樹脂組成物 |
JP8/330891 | 1996-12-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998013421A1 true WO1998013421A1 (fr) | 1998-04-02 |
Family
ID=26540884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1997/003218 WO1998013421A1 (fr) | 1996-09-25 | 1997-09-12 | Composition de resine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6303686B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0930338B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3903505B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69709141T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998013421A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6784239B2 (en) | 1996-11-18 | 2004-08-31 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Durable water repellent and coated articles |
KR20000053358A (ko) * | 1996-11-18 | 2000-08-25 | 이노우에 노리유끼 | 내구성 발수제 및 도장 물품 |
JP4262341B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-02 | 2009-05-13 | 株式会社竹中工務店 | すべり免震装置および免震構造 |
UA72518C2 (uk) * | 1999-06-04 | 2005-03-15 | Лусайт Інтернешнл Юк Лімітед | Полімерний матеріал, стійкий до впливу атмосферних факторів, спосіб його одержання та застосування |
JP4617538B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-15 | 2011-01-26 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 高周波信号伝送用製品の絶縁用ポリテトラフルオロエチレン混合粉末およびそれを用いた高周波信号伝送用製品 |
KR100427261B1 (ko) * | 2001-12-04 | 2004-04-14 | 한국화학연구원 | 코어-쉘 구조의 불소계 발수발유성 코팅제의 제조 방법 |
US20040092638A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-05-13 | Martens Marvin M. | Polyamide compositions incorporating non-melt-processable fluoropolymers and processes associated therewith |
JP2004115577A (ja) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-04-15 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | 摺動組成物及び摺動部材 |
WO2005049732A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-02 | Cheil Industries Inc. | Polyphenylene sulfide thermoplastic resin composition |
US7094836B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2006-08-22 | Teknor Apex Company | Compatibilizers for fluoropolymers and polyolefins; blends thereof |
US20050250908A1 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer melt additive composition and use thereof |
US20060257183A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-16 | Masanao Ehara | Image forming apparatus |
US20090030114A1 (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2009-01-29 | Ying Wang | Fluoropolymer emulsions |
US8329822B2 (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2012-12-11 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer emulsions |
US8507601B2 (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2013-08-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method using fluoropolymer emulsions |
US9717676B2 (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2017-08-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Amino silicone nanoemulsion |
JP6837336B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-12 | 2021-03-03 | 三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂組成物 |
AU2019336331A1 (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-05-06 | SF Technologies Pty Ltd | Wheeled bin |
CN116209685A (zh) * | 2020-09-04 | 2023-06-02 | 大金美国股份有限公司 | 反应性含氟聚合物增容剂及其应用 |
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1996
- 1996-12-11 JP JP33089196A patent/JP3903505B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-12 DE DE69709141T patent/DE69709141T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-12 US US09/147,952 patent/US6303686B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-12 WO PCT/JP1997/003218 patent/WO1998013421A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1997-09-12 EP EP97940357A patent/EP0930338B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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JPH01123849A (ja) * | 1987-11-10 | 1989-05-16 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 積層材用樹脂組成物及びその金属箔張積層板 |
JPH0420217A (ja) * | 1990-05-14 | 1992-01-23 | Mitsubishi Kasei Vinyl Co | 農業用塩化ビニル系樹脂フィルム |
JPH0476030A (ja) * | 1990-07-17 | 1992-03-10 | Ntn Eng Plast Corp | 潤滑性ゴム組成物 |
JPH0485349A (ja) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-03-18 | Ntn Eng Plast Corp | 潤滑性ゴム組成物 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP0930338A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH10152619A (ja) | 1998-06-09 |
US6303686B1 (en) | 2001-10-16 |
DE69709141D1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
EP0930338A1 (en) | 1999-07-21 |
DE69709141T2 (de) | 2002-07-04 |
EP0930338B1 (en) | 2001-12-12 |
JP3903505B2 (ja) | 2007-04-11 |
EP0930338A4 (ja) | 1999-07-21 |
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