WO1998010430A1 - Procede d'exposition aux rayonnements de faisceaux d'electrons et objet devant etre ainsi expose - Google Patents
Procede d'exposition aux rayonnements de faisceaux d'electrons et objet devant etre ainsi expose Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998010430A1 WO1998010430A1 PCT/JP1997/003106 JP9703106W WO9810430A1 WO 1998010430 A1 WO1998010430 A1 WO 1998010430A1 JP 9703106 W JP9703106 W JP 9703106W WO 9810430 A1 WO9810430 A1 WO 9810430A1
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- electron beam
- irradiated
- beam irradiation
- irradiation
- acceleration voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
- G21K5/04—Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/007—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/068—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using ionising radiations (gamma, X, electrons)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of accelerating electrons by a voltage in a vacuum, extracting the accelerated electrons into a normal-pressure atmosphere, and irradiating an irradiation object with an electron beam (EB), and an electron beam irradiation object. .
- EB electron beam
- Electron beam irradiation has been proposed as a method of crosslinking, curing or modifying coating materials such as paints, printed inks, adhesives and adhesives applied to substrates, and other resin products. Many studies have been made so far. In this method, electrons are accelerated by a voltage in a vacuum, the accelerated electrons are taken out into an atmospheric pressure atmosphere such as air, and an object is irradiated with an electron beam (EB).
- EB electron beam
- Post-processing can be performed immediately (cooling, aging, etc. are not required).
- an inert gas such as nitrogen, which has a high running cost, is required to be inerted.
- the accelerating voltage is usually as high as 200 kV to 1 MV, so X-rays are generated and a large-scale shield for the equipment must be provided.
- the effect of ozone generation on the working environment is thought. Since the reaction is inhibited on the surface of the irradiation object due to the generation of oxygen radicals, it is necessary to perform an inert gas inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the electron beam generated by the acceleration voltage may degrade the resin film and the base material such as paper.
- the base material such as paper.
- the collapse caused by the breakage of the glycoside bonds of cellulose occurs at a relatively low dose, and the decrease in bending strength is particularly noticeable even at an irradiation dose of 1 Mrad or less. It is a problem.
- the thickness is thin or no coating is applied. Since there is an exposed part of the base material, deterioration of the base material tends to be a problem.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-77862 discloses a low As an example of electron beam irradiation at an accelerating voltage, a method of performing irradiation at 200 kV and 30 Mrad is described. However, even with this method, the acceleration voltage cannot be reduced sufficiently, and there is a possibility that the base material may be deteriorated, and furthermore, the method requires inertia.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-317700 discloses an apparatus and a method for irradiating an electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 90 to 150 kV.
- an electron beam irradiation unit extracts electrons emitted from a cathode as an electron beam, accelerates the electron beam, and an irradiation chamber that irradiates the object with the electron beam.
- Titanium foil or aluminum foil with a thickness of 10 to 30 m is used for the window material that separates the windows.
- the transmission power of the electron beam becomes extremely weak, and most of the electron beam is absorbed by this window material.
- the electron beam cannot be taken out well, and the temperature of the window material may rise above its heat-resistant temperature. Therefore, it is practically used at an accelerating voltage exceeding 100 kV, but the accelerating voltage may still cause the deterioration of the base material.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electron beam irradiation method and an electron beam irradiation method capable of irradiating an electron beam with high energy efficiency without causing a problem on an apparatus or the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electron beam irradiation object.
- an electron beam is emitted from an object to be irradiated by using a vacuum tube type electron beam irradiation apparatus at an acceleration voltage of less than 100 kV for generating an electron beam.
- a method of irradiating is provided.
- an electron beam irradiation method which is an object to be irradiated with a coating material having an acceleration voltage of 10 to 6 OkV and a thickness of 0.01 to 3 applied to a substrate.
- an electron beam irradiation method for irradiating an irradiated object with an electron beam, wherein the irradiated electron beam is represented by an absorbed dose up to a certain depth / all absorbed doses.
- Electron beam irradiation that irradiates an electron beam so as to satisfy the following formula (1), where X is the product of the penetration depth ( ⁇ m) of the irradiated object and the specific gravity, where y% is the absorption rate of the irradiated object.
- an electron beam irradiation method in which an acceleration voltage for generating an electron beam is 100 kV or less and a thickness of an object to be irradiated is 50 m or less. Further, in this case, there is provided an electron beam irradiation method in which the electron beam irradiation is performed by a vacuum tube type electron beam irradiation device.
- the penetration depth is such that the electron beam reaches in the thickness direction of the irradiated object when the electron beam is irradiated I mean distance.
- the oxygen concentration of the electron beam irradiation is
- the oxygen concentration in the air is approximately
- the accelerating voltage of the irradiated electron beam is more than 40 kV, assuming that the accelerating voltage (kV) is X and the oxygen concentration (%) of the electron beam irradiated part is Y, the following formula (b) is used. It is preferable to irradiate the irradiated object with an electron beam so that the oxygen concentration is as shown.
- an electron beam by irradiating an object to be irradiated with an electron beam, an electron beam forming a distribution of a degree of crosslinking, curing or modification in a thickness direction of the object to be irradiated.
- An irradiation method is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an electron beam irradiation device for carrying out the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an electron beam emitting unit of the device of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment when carrying out the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an electron beam arrival depth at each accelerating voltage when an electron beam is irradiated using a vacuum tube type electron beam irradiation device. Diagram showing the relationship with the irradiation dose,
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the scope of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a specific configuration of an electron beam irradiation apparatus used for carrying out the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the value of the film thickness X specific gravity and the absorptance of the irradiated object in the example,
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the acceleration voltage and the allowable oxygen concentration.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an irradiation tube as an electron beam generator used in an electron beam irradiation apparatus for carrying out the present invention.
- This device has a cylindrical vacuum vessel 1 made of glass or ceramic, and an electron beam that is provided inside the vessel 1 and that extracts electrons emitted from the cathode as electron beams and accelerates them.
- a generating unit 2 provided at the end of the vacuum vessel 1, an electron beam emitting portion 3 for emitting an electron beam, and a bottle portion 4 for feeding Ri by feeding portion (not shown) (the electron beam emitting portion 3 Is provided with a thin-film irradiation window 5.
- the irradiation window 5 of the electron beam emitting unit 3 has a function of transmitting an electron beam without transmitting a gas, and as shown in FIG. An electron beam emitted from the irradiation window 5 is irradiated on the irradiation target placed in the irradiation room.
- this device is a vacuum tube type electron beam irradiation device, which is fundamentally different from the conventional drum type electron beam irradiation device.
- a conventional drum-type electron beam irradiation device is a type that irradiates an electron beam while constantly evacuating the inside of the drum.
- the present inventors have made intensive studies on the acceleration voltage of the electron beam to be irradiated and the allowable oxygen concentration in the low acceleration voltage region.
- the acceleration voltage of the irradiated electron beam is more than 40 kV
- the acceleration voltage (kV) is X
- the oxygen concentration (%) of the electron beam irradiated part is Y
- the equation (a) is obtained.
- the acceleration voltage of the electron beam to be irradiated when the acceleration voltage of the electron beam to be irradiated is 40 kV or less, the electron beam is irradiated substantially at the oxygen concentration in air or lower, and the acceleration voltage exceeds 40 kV.
- the oxygen concentration shown in the above equation (a) is set so that the object is irradiated. Irradiate with electron beam.
- Irradiating an electron beam in the air without in- terventing has advantages such as lowering the running cost.
- Similar effects can be obtained by irradiating the irradiated object with an electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 40 kV or less in air, and then irradiating the electron beam with a higher acceleration voltage. .
- an array 11 is configured by combining a plurality of electron beam irradiation devices 10 having the above-described configuration, and is provided below the array 11.
- a method of irradiating the irradiation object 13 conveyed at a predetermined speed in the irradiation chamber 12 with an electron beam from each of the electron beam irradiation devices 10 constituting the array 11 is exemplified.
- reference numeral 14 denotes an X-ray shield
- 15 denotes a conveyor shield.
- the size of the shield can be reduced and the inertia can be reduced.
- the low accelerating voltage makes it possible to reduce the size of the electron beam generating part, which makes it possible to drastically reduce the size of the electron beam irradiation device, and the above devices are expected to be applied to various fields. I have.
- Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the depth of arrival of the electron beam and the irradiation dose at each accelerating voltage when irradiating the electron beam using the above device. From this figure, it can be seen that when the acceleration voltage is low, the electron beam can work effectively within a certain thickness, and conversely, when the acceleration voltage is ⁇ , the electron beam passes through the film and reaches the substrate. You can see that there is.
- Conventional electron beam irradiators can extract electron beams only at high acceleration voltage, so they irradiate an electron beam with excessive energy when crosslinking, curing, or modifying inks, paints, adhesives, etc. There was no choice but to consider the electron beam absorption rate.
- irradiation is performed by expressing the absorbed dose up to a certain depth / the total absorbed dose.
- the electron beam is irradiated so that the absorption rate y% of the irradiated object to the irradiated object satisfies the following formula (1). I do.
- the electron beam is irradiated so as to be in a region beyond the curve shown in FIG.
- the absorptance of the electron beam defined as above is Since the higher the fast voltage, the higher the voltage, the higher the absorption rate can be obtained when irradiating the electron beam using a vacuum tube type electron beam irradiation device that can effectively extract the electron beam even at a low acceleration voltage.
- the curve shown in FIG. 5 shows the case where the acceleration voltage is 100 kV, and in the present invention, the absorption rate above the absorption rate on this curve, that is, 100 kV or less, It is intended for electron beam irradiation at low accelerating voltage.
- the absorptance increases as the product of the penetration depth of the irradiated object and the specific gravity increases, and the maximum value is exhibited when the product has a certain value.
- the object to be irradiated preferably has a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the film dosimeter utilizes the fact that the spectral properties change when an electron beam is applied to the dosimetry film to obtain absorbed energy, and that the amount of change and the absorbed dose are correlated.
- Scan when irradiating an object to be irradiated having a curved surface or an uneven surface with an electron beam using an electron beam irradiator provided with the irradiation tube as an electron beam generating unit, Scan itself. Specifically, a sensor is attached to the irradiation tube, the distance to the surface of the coating material on the substrate, etc. is controlled to be constant, and the irradiation tube is scanned by a three-dimensional robot with a multi-joint arm. . Therefore, uneven curing can be prevented, and the electron beam can be more efficiently irradiated.
- the size of the irradiation width at this time depends on the size of the object to be irradiated or the base material provided with the coating agent. It can be appropriately selected according to the shape of the curved surface or the uneven surface.
- the electron beam generated from the window of the irradiation tube reaches the coating material and cures, crosslinks or modifies the coating material.
- FIG. 6 shows a specific configuration of the electron beam irradiation apparatus used for implementing the present invention.
- reference numeral 20 denotes a main body portion including an electron beam irradiation tube, and an optical sensor 21 is attached to the main body portion 20.
- the main body portion 20 is composed of an irradiation tube 27 having an irradiation window 28 and a shield material 29 covering the outside thereof.
- the optical sensor 21 is attached to a shield material 29, and emits light from the tip thereof to measure the distance between the surface of the coating material 26 on the curved substrate 30 and the irradiation window 28. To detect.
- the main body part 20 is attached to the tip of an articulated telescopic arm 22, and this arm 22 is driven by an arm drive port 23.
- the arm pot 23 is controlled by a control unit 24.
- Reference numeral 25 is a power supply unit.
- control unit 24 keeps the distance between the irradiation window 28 and the coating material 26 constant based on the information from the optical sensor 21, and transmits the setting information. Therefore, a command is sent to the arm robot 23 to scan the main body portion 20 including the irradiation tube via the articulated arm 22.
- this device uses the articulated telescopic arm 22, it can follow freely even if the object to be irradiated or the substrate has a curved surface.
- the optical sensor 21 can be used.
- the distance between the irradiation window 28 and the coating material 26 is constant Can be kept. Accordingly, uneven curing can be prevented, and the electron beam can be more efficiently irradiated.
- the present invention focuses on the fact that the depth of arrival of the electron beam can be controlled, and by irradiating the object with the electron beam, the distribution of the degree of crosslinking, curing, or modification in the thickness direction of the object is improved. Form.
- the portion is bridged, hardened, or modified up to that portion.
- the degree of cross-linking, curing, or modification is lower than above, or the cross-linking, hardening, or unmodified parts. Therefore, a distribution of the degree of crosslinking, degree of hardening, or degree of modification is formed in the thickness direction. In other words, it can be partially crosslinked, cured or modified in the thickness direction of the illuminated object. Typical examples include crosslinking, curing, or modifying only the surface portion of the irradiation target.
- a structure with a high hardness only on the surface and a soft inside, a structure with a low hardness only on the surface, a graded structure or layer with a graded change in the degree of crosslinking, curing, or modification It is possible to form a structure.
- crosslinking / curing includes graft polymerization
- modification refers to breaking of chemical bonds, orientation, etc. other than crosslinking and polymerization.
- the material to be irradiated is partially crosslinked, cured or modified in the thickness direction, and then heat-treated to be uncrosslinked or uncured.
- the location for applying the electron beam irradiation method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the vacuum tube type described above is preferable from the viewpoint of controllability.
- a vacuum tube type electron beam irradiation apparatus represented by Min-EB can effectively extract an electron beam even at a low accelerating voltage, so that the electron beam can be applied with good controllability and at a low depth. And the controllability of the reaching depth is good.
- the acceleration voltage of the electron beam is preferably 15 OkV or less, and more preferably lOOKV or less. Further, 10 to 70 kV is preferable. Further, in order to realize the electron beam irradiation method of the present invention at such a low accelerating voltage, the thickness of the object to be irradiated is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 to 10 ⁇ m. It is in the range of 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ ; Of course, the object to be irradiated may have a thickness of less than 1 Om, that is, a thickness of 1 to 9111, or may have an thickness of more than 30 OAim.
- Irradiated objects to which the present invention can be applied include printed inks, paints, adhesives, adhesives and the like, which are formed relatively thin on a base material, plastic films, plastic sheets, and the like.
- Examples include a printing plate, a semiconductor material, a sustained-release material that gradually releases an effective ingredient such as a poultice, a golf pole, and the like.
- the printing inks and paints formed on the substrate are cured or shrunk at the portion in contact with the substrate by cross-linking or curing only the surface portion, thereby reducing the contact with the substrate. It is possible to obtain the effect of enhancing the adhesiveness.
- ⁇ Also in the case of adhesives and pressure-sensitive adhesives, only the surface part is cross-linked and cured, leaving the inside soft and maintaining the adhesive effect. Thus, it can be applied to various uses.
- Examples of the irradiation target to which the present invention can be applied include a coating applied to a base material such as a printing ink, a paint, and an adhesive.
- a printing ink there are active energy beam cross-linking / curing inks such as ultraviolet rays and electron beams, such as letterpress ink, offset ink, gravure ink, flexo ink and screen ink.
- an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a polyester resin, or the like, and an ultraviolet ray using various photosensitive monomers, oligomers, and / or prepolymers are used as a coating material.
- an active energy ray cross-linking / curing type paint such as an electron beam may be used.
- a vinyl polymerization type cyanacrylate-based, diacrylate-based, unsaturated polyester resin-based
- a condensed-type phenolic resin-based, uryl-based
- Adhesives such as resin-based, melamine resin-based, and polyaddition-type (epoxy resin-based, urethane resin-based) and other reaction-curable (monomer-, oligomer-, and polymer-type) adhesives.
- the adhesive in addition to the conventional ones, it can be applied to heat-sensitive substrates such as lens bonding and glass sheet bonding.
- the base material to which these are applied is stainless steel, whether treated or untreated.
- plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, plastics such as polyethylene naphthalate, paper, and fibers.
- various additives conventionally used can be used.
- various additives include pigments, dyes, stabilizers, solvents, preservatives, antibacterial agents, lubricants, and activators.
- Example 1 An example in which an offset ink is used as a curable coating composition will be described. The offset adjustment was performed in the following procedure.
- the mixture was mixed according to the following formula and dispersed with three rolls to obtain an ink for offset printing.
- the ink obtained by the above procedure was printed to a thickness of about 2 m with an RI tester (a simple printing machine generally used in the printing ink industry).
- EB irradiation was performed using a Min-EB device manufactured by AIT.
- the irradiation conditions were an acceleration voltage of 40 kV, a power consumption of 50 W, and a conveyor speed of 20 m / min.
- the lighting was performed using nitrogen.
- the curing property was evaluated by evaluating the drying property with a touch finger.
- the evaluation criteria were a five-point scale, with 5 for completely cured and 1 for uncured.
- Example 1 The formulation of Example 1 was changed as follows, and after printing, EB irradiation was performed under the same conditions, and the curability was evaluated based on the above criteria. Table 1 shows the evaluation results. Indigo pigment (LIONOL BLUE FG 7 3 3 0) 1 2 parts The above varnish 50 parts
- Example 1 After printing the same ink as in Example 1, EB irradiation was performed under the same irradiation conditions as in Example 1 except that the acceleration voltage was changed to 60 kV, and the curability was evaluated based on the above criteria. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 1 After printing the same ink as in Example 1, EB irradiation was performed under the same irradiation conditions as in Example 1 except that the accelerating voltage was changed to 90 kV, and the curability was evaluated based on the above criteria. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- This paint was prepared according to the following recipe.
- This paint was applied to a 300-m-thick tin-free steel plate on a PET film of a 100-m-th PET film-laminated material to a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m. Irradiation with EB was performed under the same conditions. Curability For, as in the case of the print ink of Example 1, the curability was evaluated by evaluating the dryness with a touch finger. The evaluation criterion was a five-point scale, with 5 being completely cured and 1 being uncured. The pencil hardness was measured based on JISK-5400 as the coating film hardness. The results obtained are also shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 printed and painted materials were prepared under the conditions shown in Examples 1, 2 and 5, respectively, and Nichiin High Voltage's Curetron EBC-200 was used as an EB irradiation device. Irradiation was performed using an acceleration power of 100 kV, a power consumption of 100 W, and a conveyor speed of 20 m / min.
- Comparative Example 4 a coating was applied so that the film thickness was 35 ⁇ m in Example 5, and EB irradiation was performed in the same manner as in Example 5. Thereafter, the curability was evaluated on the basis of the above criteria, and the pencil hardness of the coating film was measured in the same manner. The results are also shown in Table 1. Table 1
- FAR WEST film A 50-meter-thick dosimetry film (FAR WEST film) from FAR WEST TECHNOLOGY, USA, whose absorbance changes by electron beam irradiation, was prepared. First, two films of this film were irradiated, and it was confirmed with a spectrophotometer that all doses were absorbed by the film on the electron beam source side and not absorbed by the second film. Then, on this one FAR WEST film, a 1 () m thick PET
- the specific gravity of the PET film was calculated as 1.4.
- the irradiation device used was an electron beam irradiation device manufactured by AIT of the United States, and irradiation was performed at an acceleration voltage of 70 kV, a current value of 400 / A, and a conveyor speed of 7 m / min. The results are shown below.
- Fig. 8 shows the relationship between specific gravity X thickness ( ⁇ m) value X and dose absorption rate (%) y at that time.
- This can-can paint was prepared according to the following recipe.
- Triethylene glycol diacrylate 35 parts Ketonformaldehyde resin (Tg: 83; C, Mn: 800) 20 parts
- This paint was applied on a PET film of a 100-m thick PET film-laminated material on a 300-m-thick tin-free steel plate, and was irradiated with an electron beam.
- the electron beam irradiation at this time was performed at an accelerating voltage of 70 OkV and 15 OkV (irradiation at 70 kV was performed using a Min-EB device manufactured by AIT, USA, and the current value was 4 0 0> ⁇ , the conveyor speed was 7 m / min, and the irradiation at 150 kV was a curetron EBC 200—20—30 electron manufactured by Shin High Voltage. Irradiation was performed at a current value of 6 mA and at a conveyor speed of 1 lm / min using a beam irradiation device.
- the hardness of the coating film was evaluated by pencil hardness.
- the pencil hardness was measured according to JIS K5400, paragraph 6.14. As a result, both had a pencil hardness HB.
- the thickness of the coating film was 6 m, and the specific gravity was 1.7.
- Example 1 printing was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- EB irradiation was performed using a Min-EB device manufactured by AIT.
- the irradiation conditions were an acceleration voltage of 40 kV to 150 kV, a current value of 600 A, and a contrast bead of 10 m / min.
- the initializing was performed using nitrogen.
- the oxygen concentration was changed by adjusting the nitrogen flow rate. At this time, the oxygen concentration was measured using an oxygen concentration meter (Zirconia type LC-175H manufactured by Toray Engineering Co., Ltd.).
- the curability was evaluated based on the dryness with the touch finger and the adhesion by peeling off the cellophane tape.
- the evaluation criteria were as follows.
- Figure 9 shows the results. As shown in this figure, when the accelerating voltage is 40 KV or more, the accelerating voltage (KV) is X, and the oxygen concentration (%) of the electron beam irradiated part is Y. In the area below the straight line shown by the equation (2), that is, in the area of the following equation (1), it is effective to irradiate the irradiated object (the coating provided on the base material) with the electron beam. confirmed.
- This paint was prepared according to the following recipe.
- Additives ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
- the irradiation device shown in Fig. 6 was used.
- a Mi ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ device manufactured by AI II was used for the irradiation tube used as the electron beam generator.
- the irradiation conditions were an acceleration voltage of 60 kV, a current value of 800 ⁇ A, an irradiation width of 5 cm, and an irradiation tube scanning speed of 2 Om / min.
- the lighting was performed using nitrogen gas.
- the obtained coating film was uniform, and the coating film hardness was a sufficient pencil hardness of 2 H.
- Additives (BYK manufactured by BYK Corporation, 3.58) 0.5 parts These were mixed and dispersed in a sand mill for 1 hour to prepare a paint. This paint was applied to a medium-coated metal plate (a steel plate previously coated with an epoxy primer) to a film thickness of 30 m and irradiated with an electron beam.
- irradiation device a Mini-EB device manufactured by AIT was used as the irradiation device. Irradiation conditions were as follows: acceleration voltage 50 kV, current value 508, conveyor speed
- Table 3 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 12 The same paint as in Example 12 was applied to a film thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and electron beam irradiation was performed under the same irradiation conditions as in Example except that the acceleration voltage was changed to 4 OkV.
- Example The same evaluation criteria were evaluated for the same evaluation items as 12. Table 3 shows the obtained results.
- the obtained electron beam-curable pressure-sensitive adhesive composition was applied over the separator at a thickness of 25 m, irradiated with an electron beam under the same conditions as in Example 12, and then adhered to high quality paper for adhesion. I got a sheet.
- the adhesive strength, tack and holding power of the obtained sheet were measured. Table 4 shows the obtained results.
- the method of measuring the adhesive strength, tack, removability and unreacted amount of the unreacted single piece of the adhesive sheet is as follows.
- the width of the test piece was set to 25 mm, and after 30 minutes of adhesion to the stainless steel plate, it was peeled off at 180 degrees and a pulling speed of 300 mm / min, and the adhesive force was measured.
- the measurement results were displayed in units of g / 25 mm. Although it depends on the application, 100 g / 25 mm was set as the practical range.
- a fixed amount of the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition after curing was collected from the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet, added to 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and allowed to stand for 24 hours. After standing, the mixture is filtered, and the filtrate is used as a sample to determine the amount of unreacted monomer N-butylcarbamoyloxetil in the cured adhesive composition, which is measured by a glue permeation chromatography. The weight (%) of the acrylate was determined. If the amount of the unreacted monomer in the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition after curing was less than 1.0%, it was determined that the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition was in a practical range.
- An adhesive composition was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 14, and electron beam irradiation was performed under the same conditions as in Example 14 except that the accelerating voltage was set at 60 kV, and a method similar to that of Example 14 was used. Was evaluated.
- a coated object was prepared under the conditions shown in Example 12 and the acceleration voltage was set to 200 kV using a Nitron Shin Portage Co., Ltd. Curetron EBC 200 200 , Current value 5 mA, conveyor speed 20 m / mi Electron beam irradiation was performed under the conditions of n. The lighting was performed using nitrogen gas. The coating film hardness, the coating film adhesion, and the coating film scratch resistance of the obtained coated product were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 12. Table 3 shows the obtained results. (Comparative Example 6)
- An electron beam-curable pressure-sensitive adhesive composition was applied in the same manner as in Example 14, and a curetron EBC—200—20—30 manufactured by Shin Hypotage Co., Ltd. was used as an electron beam irradiation device.
- the electron beam was irradiated under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, a current value of 6 mA, and a conveyor bead of 7.5 m / min. Investigations were performed using nitrogen gas.
- the adhesive strength, tack and holding power of the obtained adhesive sheet were measured and evaluated according to the same criteria as in Example 14. Table 4 shows the obtained results.
- Examples 12 and 13 all had good coating adhesion, while Comparative Example 5 had poor adhesion. That is, in Examples 12 and 13, the cross-linking density distribution was observed in the thickness direction, and since the cross-linking density of the portion of the coating film in contact with the metal plate was reduced, no curing shrinkage occurred in that portion. However, as a result, the adhesion of the coating film was improved, whereas in Comparative Example 1, the coating was cross-linked to the metal plate side (since the cross-linking density was increased throughout the thickness direction). ) Hardening shrinkage occurred at the part in contact with the metal plate, resulting in poor adhesion.
- Examples 14 and 15 showed that the adhesive strength of the stainless steel plate as the adherend, and the peeling and removability by steel balls were all low. It was good and the amount of unreacted monomer was small. From this, it was confirmed that the pressure-sensitive adhesive of Example 1415 had a crosslink density distribution. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 6, the adhesive strength with the stainless steel plate as the adherend and the evening ball due to the steel ball were low. This indicates that the pressure-sensitive adhesive of Comparative Example 2 does not have a crosslink density distribution, and has a high crosslink density throughout the thickness direction. In Comparative Example 7, the conveyor speed was tripled, and the irradiation dose was reduced to about 1/3.
- the cross-linking, curing or modification is performed by irradiating an electron beam with a low accelerating voltage, so that there is little adverse effect on the working environment and the inert gas needs to be inerted.
- An extremely advantageous effect can be obtained in that the properties are relatively small and the problem of deterioration of the base material is small.
- an electron beam irradiation method and an electron beam irradiation object which can irradiate an electron beam with high energy efficiency without causing any problems on the apparatus or the like.
- the electron beam is irradiated by scanning the electron beam irradiation apparatus, even if the irradiation target has a curved surface or an uneven surface, the quality of the apparatus such as a problem in the apparatus and curing unevenness can be improved.
- the electron beam can be irradiated without the above problems.
- the present invention instead of uniformly cross-linking or curing the entire irradiated object, a distribution of cross-linking density or hardness is formed in the thickness direction, or in the thickness direction.
- the resin since the resin is partially crosslinked or cured, the crosslinked or cured state can have variations.
- problems in the conventional device can be solved.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/065,052 US6188075B1 (en) | 1996-09-04 | 1997-09-04 | Electron beam irradiating method and object to be irradiated with electron beam |
EP97939173A EP0877389A4 (en) | 1996-09-04 | 1997-09-04 | METHOD OF EXPOSURE TO RADIATION OF ELECTRON BEAMS AND OBJECT TO BE SO EXPOSED |
AU41347/97A AU744614B2 (en) | 1996-09-04 | 1997-09-04 | Electron beam irradiating method and object to be irradiated with electron beam |
KR10-1998-0703262A KR100488225B1 (ko) | 1996-09-04 | 1997-09-04 | 전자선조사방법및전자선조사물 |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP23432796A JPH1078500A (ja) | 1996-09-04 | 1996-09-04 | 被覆剤の硬化または架橋方法および被覆物 |
JP8/234327 | 1996-09-04 | ||
JP8/250262 | 1996-09-20 | ||
JP08250262A JP3141790B2 (ja) | 1996-09-20 | 1996-09-20 | 活性エネルギー線照射方法および活性エネルギー線照射物 |
JP29461696A JP3237546B2 (ja) | 1996-10-17 | 1996-10-17 | 被覆剤の硬化または架橋方法および被覆物 |
JP8/294616 | 1996-10-17 | ||
JP33629596A JP3221338B2 (ja) | 1996-12-03 | 1996-12-03 | 電子線照射方法および架橋または硬化方法、ならびに電子線照射物 |
JP8/336295 | 1996-12-03 | ||
JP35677096A JPH10197700A (ja) | 1996-12-27 | 1996-12-27 | 電子線照射方法および電子線照射物 |
JP8/356770 | 1996-12-27 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/065,052 A-371-Of-International US6188075B1 (en) | 1996-09-04 | 1997-09-04 | Electron beam irradiating method and object to be irradiated with electron beam |
US09/731,312 Continuation US6504163B2 (en) | 1996-09-04 | 2000-12-06 | Electron beam irradiation process and an object irradiated with an electron beam |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998010430A1 true WO1998010430A1 (fr) | 1998-03-12 |
Family
ID=27529929
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1997/003106 WO1998010430A1 (fr) | 1996-09-04 | 1997-09-04 | Procede d'exposition aux rayonnements de faisceaux d'electrons et objet devant etre ainsi expose |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6188075B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0877389A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100488225B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU744614B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2236672A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW343339B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998010430A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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WO1999052650A1 (de) * | 1998-04-11 | 1999-10-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur elektronenbestrahlung von schichten auf oberflächen von objekten sowie einrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
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US6500495B2 (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2002-12-31 | Acushnet Company | Method for curing reactive ink on game balls |
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US7026635B2 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2006-04-11 | Energy Sciences | Particle beam processing apparatus and materials treatable using the apparatus |
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FR2803243B1 (fr) * | 1999-12-30 | 2002-08-23 | Ass Pour Les Transferts De Tec | Procede d'obtention d'une piece en materiau polymere, par exemple d'une piece prototype, ayant des caracteristiques ameliorees par exposition a un flux electronique |
US7183563B2 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2007-02-27 | Advanced Electron Beams, Inc. | Irradiation apparatus |
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JP2004532403A (ja) * | 2001-03-20 | 2004-10-21 | アドバンスト・エレクトロン・ビームズ・インコーポレーテッド | 電子ビーム照射装置 |
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US11235522B2 (en) | 2018-10-04 | 2022-02-01 | Continuous Composites Inc. | System for additively manufacturing composite structures |
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JP2022147372A (ja) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-10-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 塗装方法および自動車の車体 |
JP2022147563A (ja) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-10-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 塗装方法および塗膜硬化装置 |
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-
1997
- 1997-09-04 CA CA002236672A patent/CA2236672A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-04 AU AU41347/97A patent/AU744614B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-04 EP EP97939173A patent/EP0877389A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-04 US US09/065,052 patent/US6188075B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-04 WO PCT/JP1997/003106 patent/WO1998010430A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-04 KR KR10-1998-0703262A patent/KR100488225B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-20 TW TW086113674A patent/TW343339B/zh active
-
2000
- 2000-12-06 US US09/731,312 patent/US6504163B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPH0647883A (ja) * | 1992-07-29 | 1994-02-22 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 電離放射線照射によるエンボスシート製造方法 |
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999052650A1 (de) * | 1998-04-11 | 1999-10-21 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur elektronenbestrahlung von schichten auf oberflächen von objekten sowie einrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4134797A (en) | 1998-03-26 |
US6188075B1 (en) | 2001-02-13 |
KR100488225B1 (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
CA2236672A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
AU744614B2 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
EP0877389A1 (en) | 1998-11-11 |
EP0877389A4 (en) | 2001-06-13 |
US6504163B2 (en) | 2003-01-07 |
KR20000064321A (ko) | 2000-11-06 |
US20020139939A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
TW343339B (en) | 1998-10-21 |
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