WO1997034875A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung heterocyclischer carbene - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung heterocyclischer carbene Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997034875A1 WO1997034875A1 PCT/EP1997/001296 EP9701296W WO9734875A1 WO 1997034875 A1 WO1997034875 A1 WO 1997034875A1 EP 9701296 W EP9701296 W EP 9701296W WO 9734875 A1 WO9734875 A1 WO 9734875A1
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical class C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 116
- -1 carboxylate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 56
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZFFBIQMNKOJDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(Br)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZFFBIQMNKOJDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000707 boryl group Chemical group B* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002094 inorganic tetrachloropalladate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WSANLGASBHUYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfidophosphanium Chemical compound S=[PH3] WSANLGASBHUYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 53
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 37
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 22
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 17
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 16
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 14
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 6
- JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;hydroiodide Chemical compound [I-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- JTDDTDXTQHFZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;imidazol-3-ide Chemical compound [K+].C1=C[N-]C=N1 JTDDTDXTQHFZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OTDKPPZHTSYUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-ethoxyethyl)-1h-imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCOCC[NH+]1C=CN=C1CCOCC OTDKPPZHTSYUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XGJRZQHDLLMQMR-QJHJCNPRSA-M 1,3-bis[(1s)-1-phenylethyl]imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1([C@H](C)N2C=[N+](C=C2)[C@@H](C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=CC=C1 XGJRZQHDLLMQMR-QJHJCNPRSA-M 0.000 description 4
- UPJKDKOHHMKJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,3-dicyclohexylimidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1CCCCC1N1C=[N+](C2CCCCC2)C=C1 UPJKDKOHHMKJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LSKGVMCYWOQFJO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,3-dihexylimidazol-1-ium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCN1C=C[N+](CCCCCC)=C1 LSKGVMCYWOQFJO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ARSMIBSHEYKMJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 ARSMIBSHEYKMJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ACNNHRDJONEBAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-ethoxyethyl)imidazolidine-2-thione Chemical compound CCOCCN1CCN(CCOCC)C1=S ACNNHRDJONEBAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NUXHRJHNSNRMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)imidazole Chemical compound CCOCCN1C=CN=C1 NUXHRJHNSNRMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FGNXWZNESBMJDB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=[N+](C)C=CN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 FGNXWZNESBMJDB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GGHWXKOGMYDZMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M n,n-diethyl-2-(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)ethanamine;chloride;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CCN(CC)CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 GGHWXKOGMYDZMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-ZETCQYMHSA-N (1S)-1-phenylethanamine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADEAKBPMDSUYCI-HOTGVXAUSA-N 1,3-bis[(1s)-1-phenylethyl]imidazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1([C@H](C)N2C(N([C@@H](C)C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=C2)=S)=CC=CC=C1 ADEAKBPMDSUYCI-HOTGVXAUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZEMZRXVAXZUVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolidine-2-thione Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCN1CCN(C)C1=S ZEMZRXVAXZUVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXXIPVSWZUKQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(ethylamino)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolidine-2-thione Chemical compound CCNCCN1CCN(C)C1=S DXXIPVSWZUKQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMYKTRPLXXWLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-ethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCBr MMYKTRPLXXWLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNDIARAMWBIKFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromohexane Chemical compound CCCCCCBr MNDIARAMWBIKFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGWVFQAPOGAVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylimidazole Chemical class CCCCCCN1C=CN=C1 KGWVFQAPOGAVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical group CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 101150046432 Tril gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WNELWRQHSXMDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolidin-2-ylidene]rhodium Chemical compound C(C)N(CCN1C(N(CC1)C)=[Rh])CC WNELWRQHSXMDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KMWHDCFJGZBQKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M n-ethyl-2-(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)ethanamine;chloride;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CCNCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 KMWHDCFJGZBQKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UKNZUHFKVZLMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)rhodium Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=[Rh] UKNZUHFKVZLMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLARWPSCENWPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihexylimidazolidine-2-thione Chemical compound CCCCCCN1CCN(CCCCCC)C1=S HLARWPSCENWPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CN1C=CN=C1 STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- DJMUYABFXCIYSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-phosphole Chemical group C=1C=CPC=1 DJMUYABFXCIYSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWUCIBOKNZGWLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=C[NH+]=CN1 VWUCIBOKNZGWLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUTSYCOAZVHGGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)pyridine Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC(CBr)=N1 QUTSYCOAZVHGGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNPQLXDWQPMSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-ethylethanamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[NH2+]CCCl ZNPQLXDWQPMSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAGSWDIQBBZLLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethyl(diethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CCCl RAGSWDIQBBZLLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UWSNRJHXDNLVTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCC[n+]1cc[nH]c1 UWSNRJHXDNLVTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GISRWBROCYNDME-PELMWDNLSA-N F[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](NC1=O)COC1=NC=CC2=CC(=C(C=C12)OC)C(=O)N)C Chemical compound F[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](NC1=O)COC1=NC=CC2=CC(=C(C=C12)OC)C(=O)N)C GISRWBROCYNDME-PELMWDNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007341 Heck reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005922 Phosphane Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKERFCKSIIOGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-chloroethyl(phenyl)phosphoryl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)(CCCl)C1=CC=CC=C1 NKERFCKSIIOGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000102 alkali metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008046 alkali metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-MICDWDOJSA-N deuterio(nitro)methane Chemical compound [2H]C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTQYJQFGNYHXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(methyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)Cl KTQYJQFGNYHXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ATQYNBNTEXNNIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazol-2-ylidene Chemical group [C]1NC=CN1 ATQYNBNTEXNNIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005048 methyldichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000064 phosphane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKQKDCXVLPGWPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenephosphane Chemical compound S=P OKQKDCXVLPGWPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D233/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D233/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/645—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6503—Five-membered rings
- C07F9/6506—Five-membered rings having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3
Definitions
- Heterocyclic carbenes have recently proven themselves as complex ligands for a wide variety of metals, the corresponding metal complexes being characterized by high thermal and chemical stability and having very good catalyst properties in the homogeneous catalysis of various reactions.
- Metal complexes of metals from the 8th, 9th and 10th group of the periodic table, which contain heterocyclic mono- or dicarbenes as ligands, are described, for example, in German patent application with the reference number P 44 47 066.5 as suitable catalysts for reactions which lead to Build carbon-carbon, carbon-hydrogen and carbon-silicon bonds.
- German patent application with the file number P 44 47 067.3 cobalt or rhodium complex compounds with heterocyclic mono- or dicarbene ligands are also used as catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds to aldehydes.
- P 44 47 070.3 it is also known to use complex compounds of lanthanides which have heterocyclic carbenes as complex ligands as catalysts for reactions which are catalyzed by Lewis acids, for example for the preparation of polylactides, and for Various CH, CC, CSi and NC link reactions.
- DMSO dimethyl methoxysulfoxide
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- a free carbene thus prepared is usually worked up by filtering off the precipitated salts, removing the solvent under reduced pressure and distilling or subliming the residue containing the carbene in a high vacuum at relatively high temperatures.
- This procedure has the disadvantage that the often temperature-sensitive free carbenes are exposed to thermal stress during cleaning are, which leads to the formation of secondary products and thus to losses in yield.
- only a very small selection of carbenes can be obtained in good yield and in pure form, in particular in the case of oily imidazolium salts and their carbene products.
- Solvents such as DMSO or acetonitrile can only be obtained anhydrous with considerable equipment and financial outlay.
- the solvents used are also subject to limits regarding their acidity; Nitromethane is already unsuitable as a solvent due to its relatively high acidity, although it has good solution properties for the azolium salts.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R are the same or different and are saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain, branched or cyclic, unsubstituted or substituted Ci - C ⁇ 0 alkyl, C 2 - C 5 alkylidene, C 2 - C 5 alkylidyne, C 7 - cig-aralkyl or Ce - C 1 -, aryl radicals mean that R and R can also represent hydrogen or jointly fused, substituted or unsubstituted radicals with 3-7 Form carbon atoms, X represents carbon or nitrogen, where R is absent if X is nitrogen by reacting azolium salts of the general formula II
- R, R, R and R have the meanings given for the general formula I and A "stands for halide, pseudohalide, borate, phosphate / carboxylate and metal complex ions, with a deprotonating reagent in pure liquid Am ⁇ moniac or in pure organic amine or in a mixture of liquid ammonia or an organic amine and an organic polar-aprotic solvent.
- the process according to the invention enables the deprotonation of azolium salts of the general formula II under surprisingly mild reaction conditions.
- the reaction temperature is in the range from -75 to 0 ° C, preferably in the range from -50 to -20 ° C and in particular at -50 to -30 ° C. It is critical that as a solvent. Pure liquid ammonia or a pure organic amine or a mixture of liquid ammonia or an organic amine and an organic polar-aprotic solvent is used for the reaction. If pure liquid ammonia is used, the reaction temperature is -75 to -35 ° C.
- organic polar aprotic solvent for example, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile can be used as the organic polar aprotic solvent, the volume ratio of ammonia or organic amine to the polar aprotic solvent being 1: 0.01 to 1: 100, preferably 1: 0 , 1 to 1:10 and in particular 1: 0.2.
- Organic C 1 -C 1 -alkyl amines, in particular methyl or ethyl amine, which are liquid at the reaction temperature can be used as organic amines.
- Strong bases such as metal hydrides, metal amides, metal alcoholates, MetaU carboxylates, carbonyl metallates or hydrido (carbonyl) metallates are used as deprotonation reagents.
- Alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride or alkali metal amides such as potassium amide are preferably used.
- the deprotonating reagent is used in at least a stoichiometric amount, preferably with a 10% molar excess.
- the reaction of the azolium salts of the general formula II with the deprotonating reagent takes place with strict exclusion of air and moisture by adding the deprotonating reagent to the solution of the azolium salt in pure ammonia, in pure organic amine or in a mixture of ammonia or an organic amine and the organic polar aprotic solvent.
- the reaction proceeds at high speed and is often essentially complete after a few minutes. However, it is advisable to observe reaction times of up to one hour to complete the reaction.
- the reaction mixture obtained is first filtered off to remove the precipitated metal salts.
- the filtered solution of the free carbene can be used for subsequent reactions, for example metal complex formation, without further working up.
- the deprotonation is carried out in a mixture of ammonia or an organic amine and a polar-aprotic solvent, the ammonia or the organic amine may be removed by evaporation before further processing of the carbene. Furthermore, metal salts which are still present in small amounts are subsequently filtered or Decanting, expediently with temperature reduction, completely separated.
- the free carbene is in pure substance, i.e. are isolated solvent-free, the polar aprotic solvent and / or the organic amine is removed under reduced pressure. This is possible in a gentle manner at temperatures which are not too high, because the solvents used in the process according to the invention have relatively low boiling points.
- the deprotonation is carried out in pure ammonia, it can easily be completely removed from the reaction system, either by increasing the temperature above the boiling point or at very low temperatures in the range from -50 to -100 ° C. by reducing the pressure, if appropriate after Vacuum freeze drying technology.
- Liquid ammonia has the advantage of being able to mix indefinitely with many organic solvents. It has a high solubility for organic salts, aromatic compounds and polar functional groups and is proton-inactive.
- the azolium salts used as starting materials dissolve better in pure ammonia and in mixtures of ammonia and a polar-aprotic solvent than in the organic polar-aprotic solvent alone.
- Solutions with organic polar-aprotic solvents consist in that water-freedom can be achieved in a simple manner, which is of particular importance for the stability of the resulting carbenes.
- the heterocyclic carbenes produced by the process according to the invention are inert to ammonia.
- ammonia is a particularly inexpensive and non-hazardous solvent that does not necessarily have to be recycled.
- the process according to the invention is applicable to a large number of azolium salts which are represented by the general formula II, where R, R, R and R are identical or different and are saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain, branched or cyclic, unsubstituted or substituted Ci - C ⁇ o _ Preferred Ci - Cö-alkyl, C 2 - C 5 -, preferably C 2 - C _, - alkylidene, C 2 - C 5 -, preferably C 2 - C ⁇ -alkylidine, C 7 - C 19 -, preferably C 7 - .C ⁇ o _Ara l k yl or C 6 - Ci4 aryl radicals, preferably a phenyl radical, R and R can also represent hydrogen, or jointly fused, substituted or unsubstituted radicals with 3-7, preferably 4 Carbon atoms form, X represents carbon or nitrogen, where
- R is omitted if X is nitrogen.
- the radicals R, R, R and R can each contain one or more substituents, such as amine, nitro, nitrile, isonitrile, ether, alcohol, aldehyde or ketone groups, carboxylic acid derivatives, in particular esters or amides, halogenated, in particular fluorinated or perfluorinated hydrocarbon residues, carbohydrate, phosphane, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, phosphole residues, phosphite derivatives, aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid derivatives, their salts, esters or amides, silyl functions, boryl groups or heterocyclic substituents.
- One of the two radicals R or R preferably has a heterocyclic substituent such as a pyridine ring or azolium salts.
- the anions A " in the general formula II preferably represent a tetraphenylborate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, acetate, tetracarbonyl cobaltate, Hexafluoroferrate (III), tetrachloroferrate (III), tetrachloroaluminate or tetrachloropalladate (II) ion.
- the process according to the invention enables a large number of previously unknown free carbenes to be prepared in high yield and purity with very short reaction times. This is due on the one hand to the large constitutional diversity of available azolium salts of the general formula II and on the other hand to the mild and efficient deprotonation conditions which are surprisingly possible due to the solvents used.
- the method according to the invention has therefore proven particularly useful for the production of thermally sensitive carbenes. Chiral and immobilized carbenes are also accessible for the first time in this way. Because of the simple reaction procedure, the method is also suitable for a technical application.
- heterocyclic carbenes of the formula I are water-sensitive and ammonia has water-like properties
- the free heterocyclic carbenes are completely stable to ammonia and that the azolium salts of the formula II such high deprotonation rates can be found.
- the apparatus for producing the temperature, air and moisture sensitive imidazolin-2-ylidenes consists of a condensation vessel with a gas inlet tube and pressure relief valve for drying and cleaning the ammonia, and a graded reaction vessel, which is equipped with a dry ice cooler and other devices for adding or removing solvents , Solutions and solids.
- the condensation vessel and the actual reaction vessel are connected to one another via a condensation bridge with two taps or another vacuum-tight line.
- the representation of the corresponding imidazolium salts is first described.
- the free carbenes are produced from this in accordance with the above equation.
- the characterization is carried out by converting the free carbenes with suitable transition metal precursors to transition metal-carbene complexes and / or by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the free carbenes and the oxidation products after conversion of the free ones
- NCHN 7.77 (CHCH), 4.77 (NCH 2 CH 2 N); 3.85 (NCH 3 );
- NCN 215.9
- 120.3 119.7
- NCHCHN 52.7
- CH 2 N 37.7
- the representation follows the general example and provides a spectroscopically pure solution of 10 mmol N, N'-1,3-di (n-hexyl) imidazolin-2-ylidene in 40 ml THF.
- a carbene solution of di-n-hexylcarbene (released according to the ammonia route from the salt N, N '- (1,3-di (n-hexyl) shown in point 2) is added to a solution of 0.2 g (5.5 mmol) of sulfur bloom. imidazolium bromide), a yellow solid precipitating out. Yield: 1.40 g (95%) 13 C-NMR (100 MHz, 25 ° C, CDC1 3 , ⁇ in ppm):
- reaction mixture is stirred for a further hour at room temperature, then the solvent is stripped off, the residue is taken up in methylene chloride and filtered.
- the complex is precipitated by adding pentane and then washed with pentane. After removing the volatiles under reduced pressure the complex as a yellow powder. Yield: 325 mg (85%).
- Methylimidazole added and the mixture stirred at no more than 40 ° C for 36 h. If higher temperatures are used, elimination takes place and the 1-methylimidazolium chloride formed in this way is very difficult to separate off. After the reaction has ended, the solution is concentrated in vacuo and the product is precipitated with ether. After washing several times with THF, the product is obtained as a white hygroscopic powder. Yield: 9.3 g (83%).
- the THF was made up to 40 ml and the solution thus obtained was used without further workup.
- the reaction mixture is stirred for a further hour at room temperature, then the solvent is removed under reduced pressure, the residue is taken up in methylene chloride and filtered.
- the complex is precipitated by adding pentane and washed with pentane.
- the complex is obtained as a yellow powder by removing the volatile constituents under reduced pressure. Yield: 327 mg (79%).
- 10 mmol of the salt (11b) obtained under point 11A2) are deprotonated in a mixture of ammonia / THF using 11 mmol of NaH. After removal of the ammonia, a spectroscopically pure solution of the free l-methyl-3- (2-diphenylphosphinyl-ethyl) imidazolin-2-ylidene (11) in THF results.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU22878/97A AU710591B2 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-14 | Process for preparing heterocyclic carbenes |
PL97329010A PL329010A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-14 | Method of obtaining heterocyclic carbenes |
KR10-1998-0707423A KR100492653B1 (ko) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-14 | 헤테로사이클릭카벤의제조방법 |
US09/155,065 US6025496A (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-14 | Process for preparing heterocyclic carbenes |
JP9533129A JP2000507239A (ja) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-14 | ヘテロ環式カルベンの製造方法 |
BR9708234A BR9708234A (pt) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-14 | Processo para a preparaçÃo de carbenos heterociclicos |
EP97915369A EP0888308A1 (de) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung heterocyclischer carbene |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19610908A DE19610908A1 (de) | 1996-03-20 | 1996-03-20 | Verfahren zur Herstellung heterocyclischer Carbene |
DE19610908.6 | 1996-03-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997034875A1 true WO1997034875A1 (de) | 1997-09-25 |
Family
ID=7788826
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/001296 WO1997034875A1 (de) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung heterocyclischer carbene |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6025496A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0888308A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000507239A (de) |
KR (1) | KR100492653B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1216536A (de) |
AU (1) | AU710591B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9708234A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2250086A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19610908A1 (de) |
ID (1) | ID16265A (de) |
PL (1) | PL329010A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW412530B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997034875A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA972198B (de) |
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WO2000001739A1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-01-13 | Borealis Technology Oy | Catalyst for the polymerisation of olefins |
DE10025623A1 (de) * | 2000-05-24 | 2001-12-06 | Bayer Ag | Immobilisierte Palladiumkomplexe |
WO2005016941A1 (de) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-02-24 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Immobilisierbare n-heterozyklische carbene |
US6888029B2 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2005-05-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-nitrogen bond-forming methods using carbene ligands |
DE19815275B4 (de) * | 1998-04-06 | 2009-06-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Alkylidenkomplexe des Rutheniums mit N-heterozyklischen Carbenliganden und deren Verwendung als hochaktive, selektive Katalysatoren für die Olefin-Metathese |
JP2012529450A (ja) * | 2009-06-10 | 2012-11-22 | ダウニア・ソーラー・セル・エスアールエル | 電解質として有用な液晶特性を持つ新規のイミダゾリウム塩 |
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US7285593B1 (en) | 1998-05-19 | 2007-10-23 | Advanced Polymer Technologies, Inc. | Polyolefin compositions optionally having variable toughness and/or hardness |
US6316380B1 (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2001-11-13 | University Of New Orleans Research & Technology Foundation | Catalyst system comprising transition metal and imidazoline-2-ylidene or imidazolidine-2-ylidene |
EP1115491B1 (de) | 1998-09-10 | 2009-08-05 | University Of New Orleans Foundation | Katalysatorkomplex mit phenylindenyliden-ligand |
US20140088260A1 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2014-03-27 | Materia, Inc. | Metathesis-active adhesion agents and methods for enhancing polymer adhesion to surfaces |
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MXPA01007857A (es) | 1999-02-05 | 2003-06-04 | Materia Inc | Composiciones de poliolefina que tienen densidad variable y metodos para su produccion y uso. |
JP2002540213A (ja) * | 1999-03-31 | 2002-11-26 | カリフォルニア インスティチュート オブ テクノロジー | 高いオレフィンメタセシス活性を示す、トリアゾールイリデン配位子により配位された新規なルテニウム金属アルキルジエン錯体 |
US7329758B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2008-02-12 | California Institute Of Technology | Imidazolidine-based metal carbene metathesis catalysts |
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DE4447066A1 (de) * | 1994-12-29 | 1996-07-04 | Hoechst Ag | Heterocyclische Carbene enthaltende Metallkomplexverbindungen |
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1996
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- 1997-03-13 ID IDP970808A patent/ID16265A/id unknown
- 1997-03-13 ZA ZA9702198A patent/ZA972198B/xx unknown
- 1997-03-14 KR KR10-1998-0707423A patent/KR100492653B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-14 AU AU22878/97A patent/AU710591B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-03-14 EP EP97915369A patent/EP0888308A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-03-14 BR BR9708234A patent/BR9708234A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-03-14 CA CA002250086A patent/CA2250086A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-14 CN CN97193968A patent/CN1216536A/zh active Pending
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- 1997-03-14 WO PCT/EP1997/001296 patent/WO1997034875A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-03-14 US US09/155,065 patent/US6025496A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-14 JP JP9533129A patent/JP2000507239A/ja not_active Ceased
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19815275B4 (de) * | 1998-04-06 | 2009-06-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Alkylidenkomplexe des Rutheniums mit N-heterozyklischen Carbenliganden und deren Verwendung als hochaktive, selektive Katalysatoren für die Olefin-Metathese |
US8153810B2 (en) | 1998-04-06 | 2012-04-10 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Alkylidene complexes of ruthenium containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands; use as highly active, selective catalysts for olefin metathesis |
WO1999060004A1 (fr) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Rhodia Fiber And Resin Intermediates | Complexes organometalliques comprenant des carbenes heterocycliques cationiques |
US6492525B1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2002-12-10 | Rhodia Fiber & Resin Intermediates | Organometallic complexes comprising cationic heterocyclic carbenes |
WO2000001739A1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-01-13 | Borealis Technology Oy | Catalyst for the polymerisation of olefins |
US6613851B1 (en) | 1998-07-01 | 2003-09-02 | Borealis Technology Oy | Catalyst for the polymerization of olefins |
DE10025623A1 (de) * | 2000-05-24 | 2001-12-06 | Bayer Ag | Immobilisierte Palladiumkomplexe |
US6888029B2 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2005-05-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-nitrogen bond-forming methods using carbene ligands |
WO2005016941A1 (de) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-02-24 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Immobilisierbare n-heterozyklische carbene |
JP2012529450A (ja) * | 2009-06-10 | 2012-11-22 | ダウニア・ソーラー・セル・エスアールエル | 電解質として有用な液晶特性を持つ新規のイミダゾリウム塩 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ID16265A (id) | 1997-09-18 |
CN1216536A (zh) | 1999-05-12 |
KR100492653B1 (ko) | 2005-11-11 |
PL329010A1 (en) | 1999-03-01 |
US6025496A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
JP2000507239A (ja) | 2000-06-13 |
AU710591B2 (en) | 1999-09-23 |
CA2250086A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
ZA972198B (en) | 1997-09-17 |
KR20000064700A (ko) | 2000-11-06 |
TW412530B (en) | 2000-11-21 |
BR9708234A (pt) | 1999-08-03 |
EP0888308A1 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
AU2287897A (en) | 1997-10-10 |
DE19610908A1 (de) | 1997-09-25 |
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