WO1996005235A1 - Mesomorphe komplexe aus polyelektrolyten und tensiden, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie filme, folien, fasern, formkörper und beschichtungen hieraus - Google Patents
Mesomorphe komplexe aus polyelektrolyten und tensiden, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie filme, folien, fasern, formkörper und beschichtungen hieraus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996005235A1 WO1996005235A1 PCT/EP1995/003073 EP9503073W WO9605235A1 WO 1996005235 A1 WO1996005235 A1 WO 1996005235A1 EP 9503073 W EP9503073 W EP 9503073W WO 9605235 A1 WO9605235 A1 WO 9605235A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polyelectrolytes
- complexes
- surfactants
- acid
- mesomorphic
- Prior art date
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- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001448 anionic polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008406 diethyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl formate Chemical compound C=COC=O GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002327 glycerophospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003903 lactic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHRNIXHZAWBMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyl-n-methyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCC UWHRNIXHZAWBMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFESGEKAXKKFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-methylformamide Chemical compound C=CN(C)C=O OFESGEKAXKKFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNWVYEGPPMQTKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNC(=O)C=C CNWVYEGPPMQTKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000333 poly(propyleneimine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC=C RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001988 small-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYJJCSYBSYXGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl PYJJCSYBSYXGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEYYIKYYFSTQRU-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(tetradecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CEYYIKYYFSTQRU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/44—Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new mesomorphic complexes comprising anionic polyelectrolytes, cationic polyelectrolytes and / or polyampholytes and cationic, anionic, nonionic and / or amphoteric surfactants.
- the invention further relates to processes for their production and films, foils, fibers, moldings and coatings therefrom.
- EP-A 492 188 (1) describes solid, amorphous complexes of polyelectrolytes and oppositely charged surface-active agents which can be used as sorbents for the purification of water contaminated by organic compounds.
- the complexes are obtained as precipitates by mixing the polyelectrolyte and the surfactant in a solvent or by producing the polyelectrolyte in a solution of the surfactant by polymerization.
- DD-A 270 012 (2) describes the production of membranes from a polyelectrolyte complex consisting of cellulose sulfate and a cationic surfactant.
- the membranes are produced by precipitating a film of cellulose sulfate with an aqueous solution of the cationic surfactant to form an amorphous polyelectrolyte complex.
- the materials, such as films or membranes, built up from these amorphous polyelectrolyte complexes are often in need of improvement in their mechanical, thermal or application properties. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide such materials with improved properties. Accordingly, the mesomorphic complexes of polyelectrolytes and surfactants defined at the outset were found.
- Substances or materials with a mesomorphic phase i.e. with liquid-crystalline structure, in which - at least in certain areas - there is an order of the molecular building blocks or an order of the super-molecular aggregates. They differ from amorphous substances or materials e.g. in that they have special optical properties due to their anisotropy.
- the orientation or ordering of the molecular building blocks and super-molecular aggregates in a mesoscopic or larger dimension is highly advantageous for a number of applications.
- the degree of order of the material includes the mechanical, thermal and also the optical properties of the material in question are influenced.
- the orientation of the molecular building blocks and the super-molecular aggregates compared to the corresponding amorphous material results in an improvement in the application properties or even the appearance of new, desirable properties.
- the mesomorphic structure of the polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes according to the invention is clearly demonstrated by means of small-angle X-ray diffractometry. One or more narrow scattering peaks can be seen here, which characterize a liquid-crystalline morphology. Furthermore, polarization microscope images under crossed polarizers show typical textures of birefringent domain structures in most mesomorphic structures.
- the mesomorphic complexes of polyelectrolytes and surfactants according to the invention consist of one or a mixture of several polyelectrolytes and one or a mixture of several surfactants.
- the complexes can preferably
- Polyampholytes are understood to be externally neutral amphoteric polyelectrolytes.
- Anionic polyelectrolytes are normally those which contain 20 to 100 mol% of one or a mixture of several of the following monomer units of group (1):
- Group (1) Monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 - to Cio-monocarboxylic acids, their alkali metal salts and / or ammonium salts, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, dimethylacrylic acid,
- polyelectrolytes can be used in the acid form, partially neutralized or completely neutralized. Up to 80 mol% of the monomer units of the anionic polyelectrolyte can consist of one or more nonionic monomers of group (2):
- Group (2) CT.- to C 2 o ⁇ alkyl and hydroxyalkyl esters of mono-ethylenically unsaturated C - to Cio-monocarboxylic acids or C ⁇ - to Cs-dicarboxylic acids, for example methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, maleic acid diethyl ester, hydroxy - ethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate or hydroxypropyl methacrylate; Farther (Meth) acrylic acid esters of alkoxylated Ci to -C 8 alcohols which are reacted with 2 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof; furthermore amides and N-substituted amides of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 - to Cio-monocar
- polyalkylene oxides such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or polybutylene oxide; furthermore linear, branched or cyclic olefins, for example ethene, propene, butenes, isobutene, 1-pentene, cyclopentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 2, 4, '-trimethylpentene-1, 1 -Nones, 1-decene, styrene or its derivatives such as ⁇ -methylstyrene, indene, dicyclopentadiene or higher olefins bearing reactive double bonds such as oligopropene and polyisobutene.
- polyalkylene oxides such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or polybutylene oxide
- linear, branched or cyclic olefins for example ethene, propene, butenes, isobutene, 1-pentene, cyclopentene
- Cationic polyelectrolytes are normally those which carry amino groups and / or ammonium groups in the main and / or side chain.
- the monomers listed in group (3) are used in proportions of 20 to 100 mol%.
- Monomers bearing amino or imino groups e.g. Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl ethacrylamide, allylamine;
- Monomers which carry quaternary ammonium groups for example in the present case as salts, as are obtained by reacting the basic amino functions with acids, such as, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, formic acid or acetic acid, or in quaternary form (suitable quaternizing agents are, for example, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride or benzyl chloride), such as, for example, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate hydrochloride, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, diethylaminoethyl acrylate methochloride, dirnethylaminoethylaminopropyl methazolidiumzolidiumzolidiumzolidiumazolidiumzolidiumzolidiumazolidiumzolidiumazolidiumzolidiumazolidiumzolidiumazolidiumazolidiumazolidium methazolidium met
- Monomers in which the amino group and / or ammonium group is only released after the polymerization and subsequent hydrolysis are e.g. N-vinylformamide and N-vinylacetamide.
- Polyethyleneimine or polypropyleneimine can furthermore be used as cationic polyelectrolytes.
- polyelectrolytes can be used in the base form, neutralized or completely neutralized. Up to 80 mol% of the monomer units of the cationic polyelectrolyte can consist of one or more nonionic monomers of group (2).
- Usable polyampholytes are generally prepared by copolymerization of 20 to 80 mol% of monomers from group (1) and from group (3), the remaining 0 to 80 mol% of nonionic monomers of Group (2) can exist.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are, for example, alkylbenzenesulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, alkylglyceryl ether sulfonates, fatty alcohol polyglycol ether methylcarboxylates, paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, sulfoberstein acid and semiesterates and alkylphenol ether sulfates, and alkylphenol ether sulfates.
- Typical compounds of this type are, for example C 8 - to C (--Alkansulfonate, C: 2 - to Ci6-alkyl sulfates, C:? - to C 6 -Alkylsulfosuccinate and sulfated ethoxylated C; 2 ⁇ -C; 6 ⁇ Alkanols.
- anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid alkanolamines, ⁇ -sulfofatty acid esters or fatty acid monoglycerides.
- Other suitable anionic surfactants are fatty acid esters or fatty acid sarcosides, glycolates, lactates, taurides or isothionates.
- the anionic surfactants can be in the form of the sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases such as
- the anionic surfactants also include the usual soaps, ie the alkali metal salts of the natural fatty acids.
- Nonionic surfactants e.g. Polyalkylene oxide adducts such as ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymers, fatty acid esters of polyhydroxy compounds, e.g. Sorbitan alkyl esters, glyceryl alkyl esters, fatty acid alkylolamides or fatty acid alkylol amidooxethylates, and addition products of 3 to 40, preferably 4 to 20, moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of fatty alcohol, alkylphenol, fatty acid, fatty amine, fatty acid amide or alkanesulfonamide can be used.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide or sulfoxide type can also be used.
- Cationic surfactants which are normally used are those which contain ammonium groups, the ammonium compound being able to be based on an open-chain amine, for example C 8 -C 8 -alkyltrimethyla monium chloride or bromide, ditallow dimethylammonium chloride or laurylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride.
- Suitable amphoteric surfactants which are neutral to the outside generally carry basic groups such as amino groups and acidic groups such as sulfonate, sulfate or carboxyl groups.
- Suitable amphoteric surfactants are, for example, mono- and di-alkylaminopropylamino-carboxylic acids and phosphoglycerides.
- the mesomorphic polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes according to the invention are preferably prepared in such a way that a solution of a surfactant, usually in a stoichiometric excess with respect to the ionic groups of the polyelectrolyte, results in a (partially) neutralized aqueous solution of the polyelectrolyte with the opposite charge to the surfactant ionic groups are added.
- an organic solvent for the purposes of the present invention, preferably an alcohol which is not miscible with water in all proportions, such as 2-butanol, an ester, in particular carboxylic acid esters, such as ethyl acetate, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, a ketone such as butanone or a mixture of such solvents in which the complex can be redissolved. If necessary, excess surfactant and salt can be washed out by washing the organic phase several times with water in the sense of a sol-gel separation process.
- an alcohol which is not miscible with water in all proportions such as 2-butanol, an ester, in particular carboxylic acid esters, such as ethyl acetate, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, a ketone such as butanone or a mixture of such solvents in which the complex can be redissolved.
- excess surfactant and salt can be washed out by washing the organic phase several times with water in the sense
- the polyelectrolyte-surfactant complex By evaporation of the organic solvent from the solution or gel phase generated, the polyelectrolyte-surfactant complex becomes mesomorphic structure as a solid, for example as a film.
- other components such as polymers or low-molecular compounds, e.g. plasticizers, thickeners, compatibilizers, dyes, light stabilizers, but also structure-stabilizing components such as glass fibers or carbon fibers, can also be present, which can then be present in the resultant solid be incorporated.
- mesomorphic polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes it is also possible to apply films or layers of the mesomorphic polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes to suitable inorganic or organic carrier materials from the solution or gel phase produced by evaporation of the organic solvent, and thus to coat the mesomorphic polyelectrolyte surfactant -Complete complex.
- non-neutralized surfactants e.g. didodecylmethylamine
- non-neutralized polyelectrolytes e.g. polyacrylic acid
- the mesomorphic polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes according to the invention can also be provided without a solvent by producing them from the melt of the corresponding amorphous polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes in accordance with the present invention.
- a melt of a corresponding thermoplastic polyelectrolyte can be mixed with a suitable surfactant or the mixture of a corresponding polyelectrolyte and a corresponding surfactant can be melted and the melt can be further processed in a shaping process.
- extrusion of the molten polyelectrolyte-surfactant complex allows strands, profiles, plates, tubes or coatings to be produced.
- the desired material properties can be achieved by coextrusion with other polymers. Molded parts and films made of thermoplastic polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes can be produced by injection molding or calendering.
- the present invention also relates to materials which can be used in industry, ie films, foils, fibers, moldings and coatings, moldings being for example strands, profiles, plates, tubes but also granular masses or granules which meso ⁇ morph the invention Contain or consist of complexes of polyelectrolytes and surfactants.
- the content of these materials in the mesomorphic polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes according to the invention is usually 5 to 100% by weight, in particular 50 to 100% by weight, especially 80 to 100% by weight.
- the materials according to the invention mentioned are suitable, for example, as materials for the production of non-porous membranes, as packaging material (for example as a barrier film for gases), for the production of hollow fibers, as a coating material or as components in optical or electro-optical components.
- the technical articles listed have improved mechanical, thermal or application properties compared to the corresponding conventional technical articles, for example oxygen-impermeable films can be produced with these materials, which are advantageous for the packaging of perishable foods can be used.
- PSSNa polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt
- Anionically polymerized polystyrene (M w • * 449,000 g / mol, M w / M n ⁇ 1.05) was converted into the sodium salt of polystyrene sulfonic acid using sulfuric acid and phosphorus pentoxide in accordance with H. Vink's instructions (H. Vink, Makromol. Chem. 182, 279, 1981).
- the degree of sulfonation S was determined by elemental analysis and was S> 0.9.
- the polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt was dialyzed against demineralized water and freeze-dried. Examples 2 to 5
- PSSNa (5.0 g) was dissolved in 0.01 molar aqueous sodium sulfate solution (400 ml). A 1.5-fold stoichiometric excess of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (9.6 g) dissolved in deionized water (100 ml) was added dropwise. The precipitated complex was filtered off and washed with water.
- Example 2 The dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (Example 2) was replaced by 10.6 g tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (Example 3), 11.6 g hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (Example 4) and 12.7 g ocadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (Example 5). Reactions and workups were carried out analogously to Example 2.
- the precipitated complex which still contained certain amounts of excess surfactant and salt formed, was dissolved in 2-butanol. Demineralized water was added until a phase separation into a complex-rich gel phase and a surfactant- and salt-rich aqueous phase occurred. The aqueous phase was discarded and the sol-gel separation process was repeated several times until the water phase was practically free from halide ions (detection with AgNO).
- the gel phase of the complex in 2-butanol was poured onto a planar glass plate which had been pretreated with octadecyltrichlorosilane.
- the two-dimensional geometry of the film being formed was specified here by a variably adjustable sheet metal frame which was mounted on the glass surface. After the 2-butanol solvent had evaporated slowly, the film could be easily peeled off the glass surface.
- the small-angle X-ray diffractograms were measured with an Anton Paar Kompakt Kratky camera with a Cu-K ⁇ source (Phillips pwl830 generator). The monochromatization was carried out with a nickel filter. There was a pulse height discrimination. The measurements were carried out in a scatter vector range from 1.0 ⁇ 10 -3 A- ⁇ to 9.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ A " 1.
- Example 21 shows the results of the measurements on the films from Examples 10 to 13.
- the mesomorphic film was produced in analogy to the procedure given in Examples 10 to 13.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95929055A EP0775162A1 (de) | 1994-08-12 | 1995-08-02 | Mesomorphe komplexe aus polyelektrolyten und tensiden, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie filme, folien, fasern, formkörper und beschichtungen hieraus |
US08/776,710 US5863956A (en) | 1994-08-12 | 1995-08-02 | Mesomorphic complexes of polyelectrolytes and surfactants, process for producing the same and films, foils, fibers, molded bodies and coatings made thereof |
JP8506980A JPH10504586A (ja) | 1994-08-12 | 1995-08-02 | 高分子電解質と界面活性剤とから構成される液晶錯体、その製造法、およびこれにより得られるフィルム、フォイル、繊維、成形体および被覆 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4428641A DE4428641A1 (de) | 1994-08-12 | 1994-08-12 | Mesomorphe Komplexe aus Polyelektrolyten und Tensiden, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie Filme, Folien, Fasern, Formkörper und Beschichtungen hieraus |
DEP4428641.4 | 1994-08-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996005235A1 true WO1996005235A1 (de) | 1996-02-22 |
Family
ID=6525572
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1995/003073 WO1996005235A1 (de) | 1994-08-12 | 1995-08-02 | Mesomorphe komplexe aus polyelektrolyten und tensiden, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie filme, folien, fasern, formkörper und beschichtungen hieraus |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5863956A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0775162A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH10504586A (de) |
DE (1) | DE4428641A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996005235A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19841404A1 (de) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-03-23 | Basf Coatings Ag | Feststoffe auf der Basis mesomorpher Polyelektrolytkomplexe, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
WO2000038846A1 (de) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-06 | Basf Coatings Ag | Mehrschichtsysteme mit mindestens einer schicht auf der basis mesomorpher polyelektrolytkomplexe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69732199T2 (de) * | 1996-07-08 | 2005-12-22 | Sony Corp. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyelektrolyten |
DE19732139C2 (de) * | 1997-07-25 | 2002-10-10 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Mesomorphe Komplexe aus Vitamin A-Säure und kationischen Polyelektrolyten, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und diese enthaltende pharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen |
DE19852584A1 (de) * | 1998-11-14 | 2000-05-18 | Colloid Surface Technologies G | Wässrige kolloidhaltige Dispersionen enthaltend Komplexe von Polyelektrolyten und ionischen fluorierten Tensiden, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung |
WO2000029490A2 (de) * | 1998-11-14 | 2000-05-25 | Colloid Surface Technologies Gmbh | Skibeschichtung, zusammensetzung zur herstellung der beschichtung und verfahren zur herstellung der zusammensetzung |
CA2406651C (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2009-11-03 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Polyelectrolyte complexes and their preparation |
US6740633B2 (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2004-05-25 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Polyelectrolyte complexes and a method for production thereof |
US7629403B2 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2009-12-08 | Basf Coatings Ag | Organic dispersions of inorganic particles and coating compositions containing them |
WO2010020581A2 (de) | 2008-08-21 | 2010-02-25 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von verpackungen mit fettbarriereeigenschaften |
DE202018102849U1 (de) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-30 | Zipps Skiwachse Gmbh | Gleitmittel für den Gebrauch auf Gleitflächen von Wintersportgeräten |
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FR1521021A (fr) * | 1966-04-26 | 1968-04-12 | Amicon Corp | Membrane anisotrope perméable et son procédé de fabrication |
DE2014880A1 (de) * | 1969-03-27 | 1970-10-01 | The Lubrizol Corp., Cleveland, Ohio (V.St.A.) | Verfahren zur Herstellung überbasischer Komplexe |
FR2221469A1 (de) * | 1973-03-13 | 1974-10-11 | Maruzen Oil Co Ltd | |
DE2457328A1 (de) * | 1973-12-04 | 1975-06-05 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyelektrolyten |
FR2316373A1 (fr) * | 1975-07-04 | 1977-01-28 | Stockhausen & Cie Chem Fab | Produits antistatiques pour l'enduction sur l'envers des tapis et autres articles textiles en nappes |
US4107097A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1978-08-15 | Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing polycation-polyanion electrolyte complexes having carboxylic acid and alkenyl radical substituents and films thereof |
EP0492188A2 (de) * | 1990-12-28 | 1992-07-01 | OPTIMATION Industrieberatung für Laser- und analytische Messtechnik GmbH | Polyelektrolytkomplexe |
US5272217A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-12-21 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Anisotropic polymers |
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US4501835A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1985-02-26 | Polaroid Corporation | Polyacrylic acid/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex |
-
1994
- 1994-08-12 DE DE4428641A patent/DE4428641A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-08-02 JP JP8506980A patent/JPH10504586A/ja active Pending
- 1995-08-02 EP EP95929055A patent/EP0775162A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-08-02 US US08/776,710 patent/US5863956A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-02 WO PCT/EP1995/003073 patent/WO1996005235A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (8)
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FR1521021A (fr) * | 1966-04-26 | 1968-04-12 | Amicon Corp | Membrane anisotrope perméable et son procédé de fabrication |
DE2014880A1 (de) * | 1969-03-27 | 1970-10-01 | The Lubrizol Corp., Cleveland, Ohio (V.St.A.) | Verfahren zur Herstellung überbasischer Komplexe |
FR2221469A1 (de) * | 1973-03-13 | 1974-10-11 | Maruzen Oil Co Ltd | |
DE2457328A1 (de) * | 1973-12-04 | 1975-06-05 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyelektrolyten |
FR2316373A1 (fr) * | 1975-07-04 | 1977-01-28 | Stockhausen & Cie Chem Fab | Produits antistatiques pour l'enduction sur l'envers des tapis et autres articles textiles en nappes |
US4107097A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1978-08-15 | Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing polycation-polyanion electrolyte complexes having carboxylic acid and alkenyl radical substituents and films thereof |
EP0492188A2 (de) * | 1990-12-28 | 1992-07-01 | OPTIMATION Industrieberatung für Laser- und analytische Messtechnik GmbH | Polyelektrolytkomplexe |
US5272217A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-12-21 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Anisotropic polymers |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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K. M. NOVACK: "COMPLEXATION OF POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE-G-PROPYLENE OXIDE) AND ALKALI-METAL IONS", POLYMER BULLETIN, vol. 31, no. 4, October 1993 (1993-10-01), BERLIN, DE, pages 449 - 456 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19841404A1 (de) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-03-23 | Basf Coatings Ag | Feststoffe auf der Basis mesomorpher Polyelektrolytkomplexe, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
DE19841404C2 (de) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-12-21 | Basf Coatings Ag | Feststoffe auf der Basis mesomorpher Polyelektrolytkomplexe, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
WO2000038846A1 (de) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-06 | Basf Coatings Ag | Mehrschichtsysteme mit mindestens einer schicht auf der basis mesomorpher polyelektrolytkomplexe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
US6902810B1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 2005-06-07 | Basf Coatings Ag | Multilayer systems with at least one layer based on mesonorphic polyelectrolyte complexes method for producing them and their use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5863956A (en) | 1999-01-26 |
DE4428641A1 (de) | 1996-02-15 |
EP0775162A1 (de) | 1997-05-28 |
JPH10504586A (ja) | 1998-05-06 |
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