Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
  • A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
  • C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
  • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
  • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

• the invention relates to solid gas generator fuels based on guanidine compounds on suitable carriers.
• JP H5-254977 discloses gas generator fuels for airbags based on triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN), which can additionally contain oxidizing agents such as alkali and alkaline earth nitrates, nitrites, chlorates or perchlorates.
• TAGN triaminoguanidine nitrate
• Molybdenum sulfide can be contained as a further component as a binder.
• connection with heavy metals does not form friction and impact sensitive salts.
• the rate of combustion of the gas generator fuels should be possible by varying the compression pressure during the production of pellets or tablets from the component mixture.
• the present invention is based on the object of providing improved gas generator fuels whose combustion behavior can be set in a targeted manner and which form a readily retained slag during combustion and the formation of toxic gases Limit the minimum.
• the gas generator fuels should be thermally stable, easy to ignite, fast - even at low temperature - burning and well storable and guarantee a high gas yield.
• these gas generator fuels should make it possible to downsize the generator housing and thus reduce its weight compared to known generators operated with sodium azide.
• a gas generator fuel comprising (A) at least one carbonate, hydrogen carbonate or nitrate of guanidine,
• Aminoguanidine, diaminoguanidine or triaminoguanidine is Aminoguanidine, diaminoguanidine or triaminoguanidine,
• (C) at least one carrier substance selected from silicon dioxide, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or aluminum oxide and / or at least its oxygen-supplying carrier substance selected from iron (III) oxide, cobalt oxides, manganese dioxide and copper (II) oxide , to moderate the burning and to improve the formation of slag.
• carrier substance selected from silicon dioxide, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or aluminum oxide and / or at least its oxygen-supplying carrier substance selected from iron (III) oxide, cobalt oxides, manganese dioxide and copper (II) oxide , to moderate the burning and to improve the formation of slag.
• component (A) carbonates, hydrogen carbonates or nitrates of
• Guanidine, aminoguanidine, diaminoguanidine or triaminoguanidine (TAGN) or mixtures thereof can be used.
• TAGN is preferably used.
• TAGN is practically non-toxic (LD 50 > 3500 mg / kg rat), not hygroscopic, not very water-soluble, thermally stable, burning at low temperature and of low sensitivity to impact and friction.
• the gas yield from the combustion of TAGN is very high, with a large proportion of nitrogen gas being generated.
• 1 to 50% by weight of the TAGN can be replaced by nitroguanidine.
• the cost of component (A) can thus be reduced and favorable combustion behavior can be achieved, since nitroguanidine has a lower combustion rate than TAGN.
• component (B) alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrates, ammonium nitrate and mixtures thereof can be used.
• Potassium nitrate is preferably used. Potassium nitrate is non-hygroscopic, non-toxic, enables a high gas yield and low burning temperature when burned.
• Component (A) is in the mixture of (A) and (B) in an amount of about 20 to 55, preferably about 50 to 55% by weight, component (B) in an amount of about 80 to 45, preferably about 50 up to 45% by weight.
• Component (A) is preferably present in an amount of approximately 50 to 55% by weight and component (B) in an amount of approximately 50 to 45% by weight.
• Silicon dioxide, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or aluminum silicates or mixtures thereof can be used as the carrier substance, component (C).
• Examples include Aerosil 200 and Aerosil 300, highly disperse silica and diatomaceous earth (diatomaceous earth).
• the preferred carrier substance is silica with a pH of about 7.
• Oxygen-providing carrier substances such as
• Iron (III) oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese dioxide and copper (II) oxide or mixtures thereof can be used.
• the preferred oxygen-supplying carrier is iron (III) oxide.
• Component (C) is based on the total amount of components (A) and
• iron (III) oxide is used as the oxygen-supplying carrier substance (C), it is present in an amount of about 20 to 40, preferably about 25 to 35,% by weight, based on the total amount of components (A) and (B).
• Component (C) serves to moderate the burnup, i.e. for setting the burn rate. At the same time, slag or melt formation is improved.
• the slag formation is, for example, at
• An airbag essentially consists of a gas generator housing, which is filled with the gas generator fuel, usually in tablet form, and an initial squib for igniting the gas generator fuel, and a gas bag. Suitable detonators are described, for example, in Us-Ps 49 31 1 1 1.
• the initially small-folded gas bag is filled with the gases generated when the gas generator fuel burns after the initial ignition and reaches its full volume in a period of about 10-50 ms.
• the escape of hot sparks, melts or solids from the gas generator into the gas bag must be largely prevented, since it could lead to the gas bag being destroyed or injuring vehicle occupants. This is achieved through the formation of slag.
• Respirable dust-like particles have a diameter of about 6 ⁇ m or less.
• the oxygen-supplying carrier substances also suppress the formation of toxic gases such as carbon monoid during combustion.
• the gas generator fuel can also be used as component (D)
• binders are cellulose compounds or polymers made from one or more polymerizable olefinically unsaturated monomers.
• cellulose compounds are cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose ethers, in particular methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose.
• a well-usable methylhydroxyethyl cellulose is CULMINAL (R) MHEC 30000 PR from Fi rm Aq ualon.
• Adequate poly risits w ith linkage are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and polycarbonates.
• Component (D) is based on the total amount of components (A) and
• the binder (D) serves as a desensitizing agent and as a processing aid in the production of granules or tablets from the gas generator fuel. It also serves to reduce the hydrophilicity and to stabilize the binder (D).
• the tablets or pellets from the gas generator fuel used in the gas generators can be produced by known processes, for example by extrusion, extrusion, in rotary presses or
• Tableting machines The size of the pellets or tablets depends on the desired burning time in the respective application.
• triaminoguanidine nitrate TAG N
• Nitroguanidine as well as potassium nitrate and possibly cellulose ether are dissolved in as little water as possible at 90 ° C. and iron oxide and / or silicon dioxide with an average grain size of approx. 1 ⁇ m are stirred into the solution. After predrying at 60 ° C. and 16 hPa with mechanical agitation, the mixture is crushed while still moist and then, after drying at 60 ° C., compressed with a tabletting machine into tablets 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height.
• Table II shows an overview of the calculated reaction parameters. A high reaction temperature occurs in mixture 5 and especially in mixture 6.
• Table III shows an overview of the reaction products formed during the combustion and their amounts.
• Tab IM reaction products at 298 K. Freeze-Out-Temp. 1,500 K
• HCN 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 NH 3 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.002 0.000 0.000 KOH 0.086 0.000 0.003 0.003 0.053 0.101 K 2 C0 3 21.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.150 31.997
• Table IV shows test results on the sensitivity to decomposition, stability, slag formation and the combustion behavior of the various mixtures. Mixtures 1 to 5 showed good to very good burning behavior, especially with regard to a constant high burning rate. For the
• Comparative mixture 6 which contains neither silicon dioxide nor iron (III) oxide as component (C), could only be found to show inadequate slag formation and inadequate combustion behavior.
• Tab IV Test results mixture 1
• Gas generator housing made of aluminum for a 60 liter airbag, provided with a hole for pressure measurement, carried out in a 60 liter can.
• the test temperature for test 1 was -35 ° C.
• the propellant weight was 51.0 g.
• the propellant consisted of tablets with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm.
• FIG. 1 shows the pressure in the combustion chamber in units of 10 5 Pascals as a function of the time after ignition in milliseconds.
• the pressure builds up within approx. 1.5 ms and the pressure drop to half the maximum pressure occurs after approx. 27 ms.
• the maximum pressure is 1.88 * 10 7 Pa, it is reached after 12.3 ms.
• test burns of mixture 2 were carried out in a Euro gas generator housing made of aluminum for a 35 liter airbag, provided with a bore for pressure measurement, in a 60 liter can.
• the test temperature in test 2 was -35 ° C, in test 3 + 20 ° C.
• the propellant weight was 41.0 g in test 2 and 30.0 g in test 3.
• Propellant consisted of tablets with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm.
• FIG. 2 shows the pressure in the combustion chamber in units of 10 5 Pascals as a function of the time after ignition in milliseconds.
• the pressure builds up within approx. 1.5 ms and the pressure drop to half the maximum pressure occurs after approx. 27 ms.
• the maximum pressure was 1.45 * 10 7 Pa, it was reached after 15.7 ms.
• FIG. 3 shows the pressure in the combustion chamber in units of 10 5 Pascal as a function of the time after ignition in milliseconds.
• the pressure builds up within approx. 1.5 ms and the pressure drop to half the maximum pressure occurs after approx. 27 ms.
• the maximum pressure was 1.33 * 10 7 Pa, it was reached after 7.5 ms.
• the gas generator fuel according to the invention consists of non-toxic, easily manufactured and inexpensive components, the processing of which is unproblematic. Their thermal stability ensures good shelf life. Despite the low combustion temperature, the ignitability of the mixtures is good. They burn quickly and deliver large gas yields with very low CO and NO proportions.
• the mixtures according to the invention are therefore for use as
• Gas generating agent in the various airbag systems particularly suitable as an extinguishing agent or propellant.
• the gas generator fuels are easily recyclable.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Air Bags (AREA)
• Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
• Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6499558

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (15)

Cited By (13)

Families Citing this family (47)

Citations (8)

• 1994
  • 1994-10-06 HU HU9600744A patent/HUT76867A/hu unknown
  • 1994-10-06 DE DE59408048T patent/DE59408048D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-10-06 JP JP7510558A patent/JPH09503195A/ja active Pending
  • 1994-10-06 EP EP94928758A patent/EP0722429B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-10-06 WO PCT/DE1994/001184 patent/WO1995009825A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1994-10-06 AU AU78066/94A patent/AU687895B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1994-10-06 ES ES94928758T patent/ES2130448T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-10-06 RU RU96109379A patent/RU2117649C1/ru active
  • 1994-10-06 BR BR9407761A patent/BR9407761A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-10-06 CN CN94193677A patent/CN1132501A/zh active Pending
  • 1994-10-06 CZ CZ96887A patent/CZ88796A3/cs unknown
  • 1994-10-06 AT AT94928758T patent/ATE178304T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-10-06 SK SK455-96A patent/SK45596A3/sk unknown
  • 1994-10-06 DE DE9416112U patent/DE9416112U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-10-06 PL PL94313943A patent/PL175606B1/pl unknown
  • 1994-10-06 CA CA002172822A patent/CA2172822A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (8)

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