WO1995001630A1 - Dispositif et procede de traitement d'images et dispositif electronique dote dudit dispositif - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de traitement d'images et dispositif electronique dote dudit dispositif Download PDFInfo
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- WO1995001630A1 WO1995001630A1 PCT/JP1994/001068 JP9401068W WO9501630A1 WO 1995001630 A1 WO1995001630 A1 WO 1995001630A1 JP 9401068 W JP9401068 W JP 9401068W WO 9501630 A1 WO9501630 A1 WO 9501630A1
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- screen
- image
- signal
- coefficient
- image data
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 142
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
- G06T3/60—Rotation of whole images or parts thereof
- G06T3/606—Rotation of whole images or parts thereof by memory addressing or mapping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/20—Processor architectures; Processor configuration, e.g. pipelining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
- G06T3/02—Affine transformations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/14—Display of multiple viewports
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/34—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators for rolling or scrolling
- G09G5/346—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators for rolling or scrolling for systems having a bit-mapped display memory
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/36—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory
- G09G5/39—Control of the bit-mapped memory
- G09G5/393—Arrangements for updating the contents of the bit-mapped memory
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/36—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory
- G09G5/39—Control of the bit-mapped memory
- G09G5/395—Arrangements specially adapted for transferring the contents of the bit-mapped memory to the screen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and method, and an electronic apparatus having the image processing apparatus.
- the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and method, and an electronic apparatus having the image processing apparatus, and more particularly to an image processing technique for performing a movement conversion process and / or a rotation conversion process in a game machine.
- foreground images that display characters appearing in the game are superimposed on a background image that displays the background such as the ground, the sea surface, the sky or outer space, and synthesized. It is common to display on a monitor screen of a display device.
- the game player expresses this by moving the foreground and the background relative to each other when displaying the character's ability to advance the game by moving the character.
- the background image side is fixed and the foreground image is moved or rotated in the horizontal and vertical directions, or the foreground image side is fixed and the background image is moved or rotated in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the function that displays the latter movement is called the scroll function.
- the scroll function In the scroll screen displayed by the scroll function, the foreground image side where the character is displayed is fixed to almost the center of the screen screen, and the background image is moved in response to this.
- the background image side In the actual operation in the image processing device, the background image side is a virtual still image stored in the image memory of the image processing device, and the operation for converting this image information (that is, moving the background image Processing).
- the graphical images of the operations actually performed are such that the screen screen frame and the player's viewpoint move freely over the entire background image stored in the image memory.
- a screen screen is a virtual screen that is set for each circuit that performs a transfer conversion and a rotation conversion. From the viewpoint of a screen on which an image is displayed, the You can think of it as a monitor screen.
- scroll screen formats There are two types of scroll screen formats: cell format used in home video game consoles, etc., and bitmap format used in personal computers.
- cell format used in home video game consoles, etc. For example, a plurality of cell pattern data consisting of 8 x 8 pixel image data (repeating the same or different patterns as necessary)
- the background image data is generated by laying them together on the screen screen.
- pattern data of the cell image and the spread position of the cell image on the screen screen are indicated by data called pattern name data.
- a game machine having an image processing device generally includes a CPU for controlling the entire game machine and an image memory for storing image information.
- the above-described pattern name data and cell image pattern data are used.
- VRAM video RAM
- the image information is written in the VRAM from the cassette ROM or CD-ROM under the control of the CPU in advance, or the image information processed by the CPU is written in advance.
- the pattern name data is read from this VRAM, the VRAM is accessed again using this pattern name data, and the pattern data of the cell image is read, so that the background image is displayed on the screen screen (specifically, the monitor screen).
- the types of scroll screens include a so-called normal scroll screen that moves left and right and up and down, and a rotary scroll screen that rotates.
- the normal scroll screen can predict the pattern data and pattern name data corresponding to the movement, so that the pattern data and pattern name data can be collectively accessed to VRAM to some extent.
- the rotation scroll screen cannot predict the pattern data and the pattern name data corresponding to the movement. Therefore, it is necessary to access the pattern data and pattern name data to the VRAM for each dot.
- the image data (referred to as pattern data) of a character (eg, an airplane in a fly simulator game) displayed in the foreground image is converted into VR in dot units.
- the pattern name data and the pattern data All data from the evening must be accessed to VRAM for each dot. Therefore, it is essential to provide a physically independent VRAM for storing pattern name data and a VRAM for storing pattern data.
- a game console that displays two rotating scroll screens simultaneously requires two VRAMs to store pattern name data and two VRAMs to store pattern data, for a total of four VRAMs. It turns out that.
- the following processing methods can be considered as arithmetic processing for moving and rotating the scroll screen as the background image.
- the following calculation is performed by the software to obtain the start coordinate values GX st, G Y st of the scroll screen and the horizontal coordinate increments GX, GY for each line.
- k is a perspective transformation coefficient
- the image processing device can calculate the scroll screen coordinates by adding AGX and AGY to GX st and GY st for each dot. .
- a matrix operation circuit including a multiplier with a large circuit scale is required. Therefore, in order not to increase the circuit scale, the above calculation is generally performed by software.
- a background image which is a single original image stored in VRAM
- VRAM virtual reality memory
- image data of an image rotating rightward and image data of an image rotating leftward are separately generated. Therefore, every time image data is generated, the pattern name data is stored in the VRAM where the original image is stored. It must access and perform different rotation processing on the pattern data of each cell image. In other words, this method doubles the access to VRAM. Therefore, it takes time to access VRAM, and there is a possibility that the display timing may not be in time.
- Conventional window displays on game consoles include a rectangular window in which two rectangular points can be specified and a line window in which two lines can be specified.
- these windows have a limitation that their shapes are monotonous, and it has been difficult to diversify the image display using the windows.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and a main object of the present invention is to suppress various loads including window display while suppressing an increase in CPU load and an increase in image memory capacity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus for generating image data of a divided screen and a method thereof, and further to provide an electronic device having an image processing apparatus which achieves this object.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus capable of suppressing an increase in the load on a CPU and enabling efficient display of various screens by efficiently using an image memory.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a dedicated arithmetic circuit for performing operations for the movement conversion process and the Z or rotation conversion process in a dedicated manner, thereby reducing the load on the CPU and diversifying the conversion process. It is to provide a processing device.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide an image processing device capable of performing efficient screen division display.
- a fourth object of the present invention is to provide an image processing device for shortening the generation time of display image data.
- a fifth object of the present invention is to provide an image processing method capable of reducing the load on the CPU and efficiently using an image memory to perform a multi-screen display.
- a sixth object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device, particularly a game machine, capable of reducing the load on a CPU and enabling efficient display of various screens by using an image memory efficiently.
- a seventh object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device, particularly a game machine, which includes a CPU, two sets of video processors and a VRAM, and is capable of performing various screen division displays.
- An eighth object of the present invention is to reduce the load on a CPU in an electronic device that generates a split image and a background image, and to make it possible to efficiently use an image memory to perform various screen division displays.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device suitable for a game machine that operates.
- a ninth object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device suitable for a game machine capable of displaying various screens by using an image memory efficiently and displaying a window of an arbitrary shape. Is Rukoto.
- a tenth object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device capable of displaying a window of an arbitrary shape, particularly suitable for a game machine.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus capable of generating image data of an image that appears to have been rotated in three ways and reducing the overhead of the CPU. It is.
- a first and second object of the present invention is to generate image data of an image that appears to have been rotated three times, and to reduce the overhead of the CPU. It is to provide an electronic device suitable for the machine.
- a thirteenth object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device suitable for a game machine which achieves the above object, and which is equipped with a display device.
- a fourteenth object of the present invention is an image processing apparatus which can be achieved by the constitutions of claims 14 to 21 and achieves the above object, and can be formed integrally on a semiconductor substrate.
- a fifteenth object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus having a color RAM, which achieves the fourteenth object.
- a sixteenth object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus which achieves the above object, and which has a control register whose contents can be rewritten by a CPU and a window control block. It is.
- a seventeenth object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus which achieves the above object, wherein an image processing unit for generating a background image can be integrally formed on one semiconductor substrate. To provide.
- an eighteenth object of the present invention is to provide an image processing method capable of processing a screen screen rotation process at high speed and reacting in real time to an operation of a player such as a game machine.
- a nineteenth object of the present invention is to provide an image processing method capable of generating image data of an image that appears to have been rotated in three axes.
- a 20th object of the present invention is to provide an image processing method for diversifying a screen display.
- an image processing apparatus is an image processing device An image processing apparatus that sequentially reads out image information of an image to be displayed and generates image data based on the image information under the control of a CPU; A plurality of signal processing means for outputting a conversion processing signal necessary for performing conversion processing such as conversion processing;
- Switching means connected to the plurality of signal processing means, for selectively switching the conversion processing signal according to a display switching signal preset for each pixel, and outputting one of the conversion processing signals;
- Address generating means for generating a read address corresponding to the image information converted on the basis of the conversion processing signal.
- each of the signal processing stages includes a parameter register that holds parameters used for an operation for a movement conversion process and / or a rotation conversion process; and A matrix operation circuit that performs operations for the movement conversion process and the z or rotation conversion process; a coefficient RAM that stores predetermined data as a coefficient; and a coefficient RAM access circuit that accesses the coefficient RAM and calls the coefficient. It is characterized by including.
- An image processing apparatus is characterized in that the display switching signal is supplied from one of the coefficients R AM to the switching means.
- the address generation means includes a product-sum operation circuit connected to the switching means, and an image memory access circuit connected to the product-sum operation circuit. I do.
- the image processing method wherein the image information is sequentially read from the image memory to be displayed, and image data is generated based on the image information.
- a conversion processing signal required to execute the conversion processing is generated, and the conversion processing signal is selectively switched according to a display switching signal set in advance for each pixel, and one of the conversion processing signals is output.
- a read address for the image information converted based on the conversion processing signal is generated, and a plurality of image data is divided and displayed on the monitor screen in accordance with the display switching signal. It is characterized by generating.
- the electronic device includes: (l) a CPU; Data RAM; (3) including a background image generation unit and a display control unit connected to the background image generation unit, sequentially reading out the image information to be accessed and displayed, and A video processor for generating image data under the control of the CP;
- the background image generation unit has the following structures (1) to (3):
- Switching means which is connected to the plurality of signal processing means and selectively switches the conversion processing signal according to a preset display switching signal and outputs one of them; 3.
- An address generation unit that generates a read address corresponding to the converted image information based on the conversion processing signal output from the switching unit;
- the electronic concealment of the invention according to claim 7 includes: (1) a CPU; (2) a first video processor; (3) a first video RAM connected to the first video processor and storing image information; A second video processor including a background image generation unit and a display control unit connected to the background image generation unit; (5) a second video processor connected to the second video processor and storing image information.
- Video RAM includes: (1) a CPU; (2) a first video processor; (3) a first video RAM connected to the first video processor and storing image information; A second video processor including a background image generation unit and a display control unit connected to the background image generation unit; (5) a second video processor connected to the second video processor and storing image information.
- Video RAM Video RAM;
- the background image generation unit has the following structures (1) to (3):
- a plurality of signal processing means for outputting a conversion processing signal necessary for performing a conversion process on the image information based on information supplied under the control of the CPU;
- switching means connected to the plurality of signal processing means, for selectively switching the conversion processing signal according to a preset display switching signal and outputting one of the conversion processing signals
- An address generation means connected to the switching means and generating a read address corresponding to the image information converted based on the symbol;
- the electronic device wherein: (1) a CPU; (2) a bus line connected to the CPU; (3) a path controller for controlling a signal flow of the bus line; A first image information processing unit including the configurations of 3); 1) a first video processor connected to the bus line and controlling generation of split image data;
- a first video RAM which is connected to the first video processor and stores image information for generating split image data
- a second image information processing unit including the following configurations 1) and 2);
- a display control unit for controlling the image data so as to synthesize
- a second video RAM that is connected to the second video processor and stores image information for generating background image data
- An electronic device having:
- the background image generation unit has the following structures (1) to (3):
- a pair of signal processing means connected to the bus line and outputting a conversion processing signal required to execute a conversion processing on image information based on information supplied under control of the CPU.
- switching means connected to the plurality of signal processing means and selectively switching the conversion processing signal according to a preset display switching signal and outputting one of the converted processing signals; (3) connected to the switching means; Address generation means for generating a read address corresponding to the image information converted on the basis of the conversion processing signal output from the switching means,
- the first video processor reads the split image data expanded in the frame buffer, and changes a predetermined bit value of the image data to store the same image data in the frame buffer.
- a bit value changing means for writing to the address, wherein the second video processor detects whether or not the predetermined bit value included in the split image data from the frame buffer has been changed.
- a value detector and the spliced image data based on the changed bit value.
- a window control unit for transmitting a window signal having a shape of a split image to the display control unit.
- the electronic device wherein: (1) a CPU; (2) a bus line connected to the CPU; (3) a bus controller for controlling a signal flow of the bus line; A first image information processing unit including the configuration of ⁇ 4);
- bit value changing means for reading the split image data expanded in the frame buffer, changing a predetermined bit value of the data and writing the same at the same address in the frame buffer;
- a second image information processing section including the following 1) to 3);
- a second video RAM which is connected to the second video processor and stores image information for generating background image data
- the second video processor has the following configurations (1) and (2):
- bit value detection unit that detects whether the bit value included in the split image data read from the frame buffer has been changed
- An image processing apparatus provides a rotation matrix parameter A to I, a viewpoint (Px, Py, ⁇ ) on a screen screen before coordinate conversion, and a center point in coordinate conversion (Cx, Cy.Cz). ), Place on the screen screen before coordinate transformation From the fixed point (Sx, Sy, Sz) and the translation amount (Mx. My, Mz), the viewpoint after coordinate transformation (Xp, ⁇ . ⁇ ) and the screen after coordinate transformation on the screen (Xs, Ys, Zs) representing the predetermined point of is expressed by the following equations (1) and (2), and Px-Cx
- An image processing apparatus that accesses an image memory using the coordinates X and Y and generates image data of an image to be displayed after the coordinate conversion processing
- a coefficient memory for storing a coefficient k for one screen screen for each pixel
- a matrix operation circuit that calculates the Xp, Yp, Xs, and Ys of each pixel by performing the matrix operation of the expressions (1) and (2);
- a product-sum operation circuit that calculates the coordinates X, Y by performing the operation of the expression (4) from Xp, YP, Xs, Ys of each of the pixels and the coefficient k of the corresponding pixel read from the memory. And characterized in that:
- An electronic device comprising: (1) a CPU; (2) a video processor; (3) a video RAM connected to the video processor and storing image information; Attempt to access and display stored signals
- a parameter register for storing signals related to the rotation matrix parameters A to F supplied from the CPU and coordinate data Px, Py, Pz, Cx, Cy, Cz, Mx, My, Mz before conversion;
- a matrix operation circuit connected to the parameter register to calculate the Xp, YP, Xs, and Ys of each pixel by performing the matrix operations of the equations (1) and (2). 4.
- the coordinates X.Y are calculated from the XP.YP.Xs.Ys of each pixel and the corresponding search coefficient k read from the coefficient memory to calculate the coordinates X.Y to obtain the video RAM.
- Sum-of-products arithmetic circuit that generates the read address of
- An electronic device is provided with a display device for displaying an image based on image data generated from image information.
- the image processing apparatus is
- a rotation matrix parameter A to F which is connected to the first connection terminal and is supplied from the CPU, represents a viewpoint before coordinate transformation (Px. Py, Pz), and represents a center point in coordinate transformation.
- (Sx, Sy. Sz) represents a predetermined point on the screen screen before coordinate transformation
- (Xp. Yp, Zp) represents the viewpoint after coordinate transformation, and (Xs, Ys, Zs) represents a predetermined point on the screen screen after coordinate transformation;
- a sum-of-products arithmetic circuit that performs an operation represented by: and calculates coordinates X and Y of a display image
- a video RAM access circuit connected to the second terminal for accessing a video RAM using the coordinates X and Y supplied from the product-sum operation circuit as a search address of a display image;
- a display control block connected to the display image generation block and outputting the generated image data from the third terminal is provided.
- the image processing apparatus is:
- a pair of coefficient memories connected to the first terminal and storing a coefficient k including a display switching signal supplied from the CPU:
- a product-sum operation circuit that is connected to the first and second switching circuits and that calculates coordinates of a display image based on a signal supplied from the first and second switching circuits; 7) The display switching signal is supplied from one of the coefficient memories to the first and second switching circuits and the product-sum operation circuit, and from the pair of matrix operation circuits and the pair of coefficient memories to the product-sum operation circuit. Switching means for switching the supplied signal;
- a video RAM access circuit connected to the second terminal for accessing the video RAM as coordinate data supplied from the product-sum operation circuit as a pixel address of a display image
- a display control block connected to the display image generation block and outputting the generated image data from the third terminal;
- An image processing apparatus is characterized in that a color RAM is connected to the display control block.
- control terminal is connected to the first terminal, the content of the control register is rewritable by a CPU, and a window control block supplies a control signal to the display control block. It is characterized by having.
- An image processing apparatus wherein the display image generation block, the window control block, and the display control block are configured as a video processor IC integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate. .
- An image processing apparatus further comprising: a fourth terminal for inputting a foreground image; and a window detection block connected between the fourth terminal and the window control block.
- the signal input to the fourth terminal includes a window control flag and a foreground image signal, the window control flag is supplied to the window detection block, and the foreground image signal is supplied to the display control block. Is supplied.
- the display image generation block is configured to generate a background image corresponding to the foreground image
- the display control block is an image obtained by combining the background image and the foreground image. Data is output from the fourth terminal.
- the image processing apparatus wherein the display image generation block, the window control block, the display control block, and the window detection block power. It is characterized in that it is configured as a video processor IC integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate.
- the image processing method according to the invention of claim 22 is characterized in that the rotation matrix parameters A to I, the viewpoint (Px, Py.Pz) on the screen screen before the coordinate conversion, and the center point in the coordinate conversion (Cx, Cy, From Cz), (Sx, Sy. Sz) representing a predetermined point on the screen screen before coordinate transformation and (Mx. My, Mz) representing the amount of translation, (Xp, ⁇ , ⁇ ) and (Xs, Ys, Zs) representing a predetermined point on the screen screen after coordinate transformation are expressed by the following equations (1) and (2).
- the coordinates X and Y are calculated by performing the calculation of the above equation (4) from the coefficients for one screen screen preset for each pixel and ⁇ ⁇ , Yp, Xs, and Ys of each pixel, and calculating the coordinates.
- X-axis rotation + ⁇ ⁇ rotation and ⁇ or screw, which continuously makes the X-axis rotation with the X-axis of the screen screen as the rotation axis and the ⁇ -axis rotation with the screen axis as the rotation axis
- a rotation conversion process called “ ⁇ free rotation + Zf free rotation” is performed, in which Y $ rotation using the ⁇ axis as the rotation axis on the single screen and Z axis rotation using the Zf rotation on the screen screen continue. It is characterized by performing.
- the image processing method provides a rotation matrix parameter A to I, a viewpoint (Px, Py, ⁇ ) representing a viewpoint on a screen screen before coordinate transformation, and representing a center point in coordinate transformation (Cx, Cy, Cz ), And from the coordinates (Sx, Sy, Sz) representing the specified point on the screen screen before the coordinate transformation and the translation amount (Mx, My, Mz), the viewpoint after the coordinate transformation (Xp, ⁇ , ⁇ ) and (Xs, Ys, Zs) representing a predetermined point on the screen after the coordinate transformation are expressed by the following equations (1) and (2).
- the coordinates X and Y are calculated by performing the operation of the above equation (4) from Yp.Xs and Ys, the image memory is accessed using the coordinates X and Y, and the coordinates of the displayed image after the coordinate conversion processing are calculated.
- the image processing method according to the invention of claim 24 is characterized in that the rotation matrix parameters A to I, the viewpoint (Px, Py.Pz) on the screen screen before the coordinate conversion, and the center point in the coordinate conversion (Cx, Cy. From (Cx), (Sx, Sy, Sz) representing a given point on the screen screen before coordinate transformation and (Mx, My, Mz) representing the translation amount, (Xp, ⁇ , ⁇ ) and (Xs, Ys, Zs) representing a predetermined point on the screen after coordinate transformation are expressed by the following equations (1) and (2).
- the coordinates X and Y are calculated from the coefficient k for one screen screen set in advance for each pixel and ⁇ , Yp. Xs, Ys of each pixel by calculating the above equation (4).
- An image processing method for accessing an image memory using X and Y to generate image data of an image to be displayed after a coordinate transformation process The coefficient k is multiplied by either X or Y in the above equation (4) to enlarge or reduce the screen screen in the horizontal or vertical direction.
- the image processing method provides a rotation mat, a Jux parameter A to I, a point of view with respect to a screen screen before coordinate conversion (Px, Py, ⁇ ), and a center point in coordinate conversion (Cx, Cy, Cz), (Sx, Sy, Sz) representing a given point on the screen screen before coordinate transformation, and (Mx, My, Mz) representing the amount of translation, from the point of view (Xp , ⁇ , ⁇ ) and (Xs, Ys, Zs) representing a predetermined point on the screen screen after coordinate transformation are expressed by the following equations (1) and (2).
- the coordinates X and Y are calculated from the coefficient k for one screen screen set in advance for each pixel and ⁇ , Yp. Xs, Ys of each pixel by calculating the above equation (4).
- the output of the switching means is switched in accordance with the display switching signal, and the address generation in which different movement / rotation conversion processing is performed.
- the address generation means By selectively outputting the application data to the address generation means, it is possible to generate image data that has undergone independent conversion processing.
- the monitor screen can be arbitrarily divided according to the display switching signal, and independent image data can be supplied to each of the divided screens. As a result, the monitor screen can display an independent image for each divided screen.
- Claims to 9 can have the above-described effects as an electronic device suitable for a game machine.
- the functions and effects of claims 2 to 4 are as follows. That is, in the invention of claim 2, the parameters used for the operations for the movement conversion process and the Z or rotation conversion process supplied from the CPU are stored in the register, and the parameters are obtained by calculation by the CPU. (Alternatively, it may be prepared in advance on a cassette CD-ROM or the like and supplied under the control of the CPU.) Predetermined data is stored in the coefficient RAM as coefficients, and these parameters and coefficients are used.
- the movement conversion processing and the rotation or rotation conversion processing are not performed by the CPU, but are performed by a matrix operation circuit and a product-sum operation circuit in a due-time manner.
- the product-sum operation circuit since the product-sum operation circuit only needs to process the data of the screen switched by the switching circuit, it is possible to omit, for example, the calculation of a portion coming to the lower side of the screen. As a result, the CPU only needs to set the parameters and coefficients necessary for the calculation, so that the burden is reduced.
- the screen division display can be easily performed by using one of the coefficients stored in the coefficient RAM as the display switching signal.
- the image memory access circuit accesses the image memory only when necessary for image display in accordance with the output of the product-sum operation circuit, so that access to the overlapping lower part can be omitted. Therefore, the generation speed of the display image data can be increased.
- a split image having an arbitrary shape can be used as a window
- one monitor screen can be divided and displayed in an arbitrary shape to generate a new image.
- image data of an image that appears to be rotated in three axes is generated to calculate the coordinates X and ⁇ of the scroll screen based on a predetermined calculation formula. Since the coefficient k for one screen is stored in the coefficient memory and can be processed by hardware circuits using the matrix operation circuit and the product-sum operation circuit, the overhead of the CPU can be reduced. it can.
- Claim 12 can have such an effect as an electronic device suitable for a game machine.
- the electronic device according to the present invention can be used as a game machine having a display device, such as an arcade game machine, having the above-described effects.
- the invention according to claims 14 to 21 is an image processing apparatus having the above-described operation, which has a circuit configuration that can be integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate, so that it can be easily applied to various technical fields. It becomes possible.
- k is the horizontal or vertical direction of the screen screen. It is constant for one of the directions. Therefore, the CPU that performs the rotation conversion calculation process requires a small calculation load, and can perform the rotation process of the screen screen at a high speed. Therefore, by using such an image processing method for an electronic device such as a game machine, it becomes possible to react in real time to the operation of a player such as a game machine.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a game machine main body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing one pixel of the image data of the foreground image.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of processing in which pixel data is harmed to the frame backup 23.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a scroll screen, a screen screen, and a line of sight.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view in which the screen screen of FIG. 4 is rotated on the X axis with respect to the scroll screen.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view in which the screen screen of FIG. 4 is rotated in the Y axis with respect to the scroll screen.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view in which the screen screen of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a front view showing a screen screen corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a front view showing a screen screen corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a front view showing a screen screen corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a front view showing a screen screen corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a graph for explaining “parameters” and “coefficients” of the translation / rotation conversion formula.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the scroll engine 21.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the background image generation unit 41.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a part of the background image generation unit 41.
- Figure 16 is a model diagram of the screen screen divided by the rotation parameters A and B.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the movement and rotation of the image.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the movement and rotation of an image.
- Figure 19 is a model diagram of a screen screen divided into windows.
- FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are diagrams for explaining the screen screen rotation conversion processing.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining an image obtained by performing “ ⁇ free rotation + screen axis rotation” that appears to have been rotated in three axes.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the relationship between the scroll screen, the screen screen, and the viewpoint when the X axis rotation and the screen axis rotation are performed.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining an image that has been subjected to image processing using the sphere formula as a parameter.
- FIGS. 25 and 26 are circuit diagrams of another embodiment of the present invention.
- Reference numeral 10 denotes a game machine body.
- the game machine body 10 is connected via a control pad 34, which is an input device for the player to operate the game, through an SMPC (Systen Manager & Peripheral ControlZ system manager) 33, which is an IZO controller.
- the SMPC 33 performs reset management of the entire game machine 10 and interface control with an external device such as the control pad 34.
- a cartridge 35 is detachably attached to the game machine body 10.
- the cartridge 35 stores a game program written in a semiconductor memory (mask ROM).
- the game program may be supplied in a form incorporated in the CD-ROM instead of the cartridge 35 by equipping the game machine body 10 with a CD-ROM drive (not shown). Noh.
- Reference numeral 14 denotes a bus provided in the game machine main unit 10, where a CPU 15, R A
- the CPU 15 executes the game program in the cartridge 35 and controls the entire game console, and consists of a 32-bit RISC-type high-speed CPU (two CPU chips called SH-2). .
- the bus controller 18 includes a DMA controller, an interrupt controller, and the like, and functions as a coprocessor of the CP 15.
- the sound processor 36 controls the sound (PCMZFM), and converts the digital signal into an analog signal by the DZA converter 37 and outputs the sound from a speaker (not shown).
- the split engine 20 has VRAM (or command RAM) connected to it. Together with the frame buffer 22 and the frame buffer 23, a first image information processing unit that performs image processing on a split screen serving as a foreground image FG is configured.
- the split engine 20 is formed on a semiconductor chip as an IC chip called a video processor 1 (hereinafter, VDP 1).
- the flash engine 20 is connected to a command RAM 22 (composed of 4 Mbit DRAM) and two frame buffers 23 (each having 2 Mbit).
- the command RAM 22 stores command data from the CPU 15 and image data serving as the original picture of the foreground picture.
- the frame buffer 23 expands the image data of the split screen.
- the sprite engine 20 When the CPU 15 sends the command data (drawing command) to the sprite engine 20 by executing the program in the R0M17, the sprite engine 20 writes the command data into the command data RAM 22 as a command table. Then, the split engine 20 selects and reads the image data (predetermined drawing command) of the split screen such as a character from the command RAM 22 and performs processing such as rotation, enlargement, reduction, and color calculation. The data is written to a predetermined address in the frame buffer 23, and the foreground image data is developed in the frame buffer 23. The split engine 20 sequentially reads out the image data for one frame written in the frame buffer 23 and supplies the image data directly to the scroll engine 21 without passing through the bus 14. The information for controlling the drawing is set in the system registry inside the split engine 20.
- One pixel of the image data processed by the split engine 20 is represented by 16 bits as shown in FIG.
- the lower 11 bits D0 to D10 are color code bits for specifying a color. Of these bits, 11 bits are used as an address of a color RAM 25 described later.
- the split character is stored in the VRAM 22 at 4 bits or 8 bits per dot, but when writing to the frame buffer 23, the color RAM address offset specified for each character is placed on the upper side of the character data. Default value. Bits D8 to D10 or D5 to D10 are unused, and bits D11 to D14 are priority codes.
- the bright engine 20 has an MSB on function.
- the MSB-on function referred to here means that when writing a split character to a specified location in the frame buffer 23, instead of simply overwriting in order, the frame buffer data at the address to be written is read out and the data This is a function to write data with only the most significant bit, MSB (Most Significant Bit), changed from 0 to 1 at the same address.
- MSB Most Significant Bit
- the most significant bit D15 is a window flag, and if the value is "1", it is determined that the pixel including this is the pixel of the window. A value of "0" indicates that the pixel is not a window pixel.
- the dot data of the split character for which the MSB-on function is used is used only for determining whether or not the dot is transparent, and has no relation to the data written to the frame buffer 23.
- the flow of the image data of the foreground image FG is as follows.
- the image data of the foreground image FG enters the terminal 40 from the split engine 20.
- the window flag of the most significant bit D15 is supplied to the split window detection unit 42, and the remaining lower 15 bits D0 to D14 of the color data are input.
- the code and the priority code are supplied to the display control unit 43.
- the spliced window detector 42 supplies the detection signal to the window controller 44.
- the split engine 20 writes the search data to the frame buffer 23. First, clear all of the split engine 20 frame buffer 23 to 0000h (16 bits / dot). Next, the split engine 20 writes 0001h in the shape of the split character C1 at the designated position in the frame buffer 23. Next, the split engine 20 writes 0002h in the shape of the split character C2 at the designated position in the frame buffer 23. When preparing a window having the shape of the split character W1, specify in advance that the MSB on function should be used for the split character W1. Then, the split engine 20 reads the frame buffer data in the form of the split character W1, and writes the data in which only the MSB of the data is changed from 0 to 1 at the same address.
- the frame buffer data thus obtained is read out in synchronization with the horizontal and vertical synchronizing signals of the scroll engine 21 and input to the scroll engine 21.
- the MSB of the frame buffer data is used as a window flag, and it is determined whether or not to perform window processing according to the bit value.
- the remaining 15 bits (other than the MSB) of the frame buffer data are used as dot data for the split.
- the scroll engine 21 is formed on a semiconductor chip as an IC chip called a video processor 2 (hereinafter, VDP 2).
- the VDP 2 chip has a built-in color RAM 25 (32 Kbit) in which a color code is recorded, and a register (not shown) in which data for generating image data is set. ing.
- the scroll engine 21 is connected to a 4M or 8M bit VRAM24.
- the scroll engine 21 reads the data stored in the VRAM 24 according to the setting of the register, determines the priority according to the setting of the scroll screen image data register, and generates image data.
- the scroll engine 21 that has generated the image data converts the image display data into display color data and outputs it to the display device.
- the image data is defined in the VRAM 24 and the color RAM 25 from the CPU 15 via the bus controller 17.
- VRAM 24 will be described. VRAM24, VRAM24a and VR
- Each VRAM 24a, 24b has a pattern data, which is data of 8 x 8 pixel cells vertically and horizontally, and a background image for one frame when the cells are laid out 28 x 40 cells vertically and horizontally. It stores pattern name data (address on VRAM where pattern data is stored) that indicates which cell to use according to the cell laying position.
- the rotation scroll screen is a scroll screen that performs rotation using the coordinate axes (X, ⁇ , Z axes) as the rotation axis and rotation using the screen axis perpendicular to the monitor screen as the rotation axis.
- Fig. 5 shows the case of "X-axis rotation” in which the screen screen is rotated around the X screen with respect to the scroll screen.
- Fig. 7 shows the case of “ ⁇ -axis rotation” in which the scroll screen is rotated around the screen screen.
- FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. 4
- FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG. 5
- FIG. 10 corresponds to FIG. 6
- FIG. 11 corresponds to FIG.
- the ones shown in the lower part of FIGS. 8 to 11 are the rotation matrix parameters in the state of each figure.
- the screen screen that has undergone translation / rotation conversion (that is, the display screen of the rotation scroll screen) is a view point and screen screen that are rotated and converted with respect to the center point, and the converted screen is converted from the converted viewpoint. It indicates that the gaze through the image is a collection of points that intersect with the fixed scroll map.
- Mx, My, and Mz are translation amounts for the XYZ axes
- a to I are rotation matrix parameters.
- the rotation conversion equation is given by the following equation.
- the X.Y coordinate of the scroll screen to be displayed is represented by the following equation.
- the viewpoint before conversion Px, Py, ⁇
- the center point before conversion CX. Cy, Cz
- the amount of translation Mx, My, ⁇
- the time matrix parameters ⁇ to ⁇ are Since it is a fixed value within one frame, the coefficient k changes according to the value of the point (Sx, Sy. Sz) on the screen screen before conversion.
- the screen screen before conversion is the same as the monitor screen, so S x is the H count value, which is the horizontal coordinate of the monitor screen, and Sy is the monitor screen.
- is the V-count fig, which is the coordinate value, and Sz is ⁇ .
- the screen iffiifii is converted to X
- the coefficient k becomes constant in the horizontal direction of the monitor screen, and changes only by the V count ⁇ .
- the coefficient k is constant in the vertical direction of the monitor screen and changes only depending on the H count value.
- the coefficient k changes only depending on the V count value and the H count value.
- a base for rotating the screen axis which rotates the screen screen after conversion on the screen axis which is a vertical line standing on the screen screen after conversion, and a point S x, which is a point on the screen screen before conversion. S y changes depending on the V count value and the H count value, and the point S z on the screen screen before conversion is fixed.
- the configuration of the scroll engine 21 as described above will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- 41 is a background image generation unit
- 42 is a split window detection unit
- 43 is a display control unit
- 44 is a window control unit.
- the background image generation unit 41 will be described later, and here, the remaining components will be sequentially described.
- the split window detector 42 is connected to the split engine 20 via the terminal 40.
- the split window detection unit 42 is a bit value detection unit that detects whether the MSB included in the split image data read from the frame buffer 23 has been changed.
- the display control unit 43 is connected to the background image generation unit 41 and the window control unit 44, and is configured to control the image data so that the split image data and the background image data are combined. I have.
- the display control unit 43 is provided with switches 5 ⁇ .
- the switch 50 changes the color code of the image data of the foreground image FG to 00H (H is 1) during the period when the switching signal FGSW is on, that is, during the period instructing to open the window. In the period when the switching signal FG SW is off, that is, when the window indicates that the window cannot be opened, the image data of the foreground image FG is output as it is.
- the switches 51 and 52 respectively change the color code of the image data of each of the background images BG 0 and BG 1 to 00H while the switching signals BG 0 SW and BG 1 SW are ON, and the switching signals BGO SW and BG 1 While the respective SWs are off, the image data of each of the background images BG0 and BG1 are output as they are.
- a priority circuit 54 is connected to the switches 50 to 52.
- the priority circuit 54 receives the image data of the foreground image FG and the background images BGO and BG1 output from the switches 50 to 52, respectively. Also, the priority circuit 54 determines whether the color code in each of the image data of the foreground image FG and the background image BGO.BG 1 is 00H, and if the color code is 00H, this is regarded as transparent. For image data other than H, the priority codes are compared, and the image data with the highest priority code value is selected and output.
- a colorization circuit 55 is connected to the priority circuit 54.
- the colorization circuit 55 accesses the color RAM 25 with a color code, and uses the color code as an address from the color RAM 25 to address the levels of the three primary colors RGB. Obtains RGB data representing, and outputs this RGB data from terminal 56.
- the image data is in RGB format, it becomes the display color data as it is.
- the RGB data is converted into an analog signal by the DZA converter 31 shown in FIG. 1, output as an RGB image signal from the terminal 32, and displayed on a monitor (not shown).
- the window controller 44 sends the spliced image data to the display controller as a window signal having the shape of the spliced image based on the changed MSB.
- the window control section 44 is provided with a control register 45. This The contents of the control register 45 can be rewritten by the CPU 15 via the terminal 46.
- the control register 45 stores the following information of a to e.
- This window consists of 3 enable bits that indicate for each image whether this window can be opened in the foreground image FG or the two background images BGO and BG1.
- Rectangular window control mode Indicates the XY coordinates of the start position and end position of the conventional rectangular window d. Rectangular window control mode
- the above split window control mode, rectangular window position information, and rectangular window control mode are specified for each of multiple split windows and multiple rectangular windows.
- the window control unit 44 generates switching signals FGSW, BGO SW. BG 1 SW indicating a position to open a window for each of the foreground image FG and the background image BGO, BG 1 according to the contents of the control register 45 described above. To be supplied to the display control unit 43.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the background image generation unit 41.
- the background image generation unit 41 generates the background images BG0 and BG1, reads the pattern name data of each of two frames from the VRAM 24, and reads the pattern name data of these two frames. By reading the pattern data from the VRAM 24 and outputting the pixels of the pattern data respectively, the image data of the background images BG0 and BG1 for two frames is obtained.
- the configuration of the image data (pixel count data) for each of the background images B GO and BG 1 is a 15-bit configuration that does not include the window flag in the format shown in Fig. 2.
- Such a background image generation unit 41 is roughly composed of a signal processing unit, a switching unit, an address generation unit, and a vertical counter 63 and a vertical counter 64.
- the signal processing unit is a unit that outputs a conversion processing signal necessary for performing the movement conversion process and the Z or rotation conversion process on the image information, and includes a pair of the following components.
- a pair of components of the signal processing means indicates that the background image B GO has two parameters, the rotation parameter A and the rotation parameter B.
- the parameter registers 60 and 70 are registers for holding parameters used for the operation for performing the coordinate conversion process. Parameter registers 60 and 70 are connected via terminals 46, respectively. From 1115, the independent rotation matrix parameters A to F, the viewpoint (Px, Py, Pz), the center point (Cx, Cy, Cz) and the translation amount (Mx, My) before the transformation are written.
- the matrix operation circuits 66 and 76 are hardware for performing a matrix operation using the parameters.
- the matrix operation circuits 66 and 76 respectively include the rotation matrix parameters A to F supplied from the parameter registers 60 and 70, the viewpoint (Px, Py, Pz) before conversion, and the center point (Cx, Cy. Cz ), And the translation amount (Mx, My, ⁇ ) are substituted into the above equation (1), and ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ are calculated from the converted viewpoint.
- coefficient RAMs 61 and 71 each have a coefficient k for one screen that is independent of CPU 15 via pin 46. Is hurt.
- the coefficient k is calculated by the CPU 15 and is, for example, 16 bits per search, and is damaged during the vertical and horizontal blanking periods.
- the necessary data amount of the coefficient k for one screen written in the coefficients RAM61 and 71 from the CPU 15 varies depending on the type of the movement / rotation conversion as described above.
- the coefficient k is calculated by the CPU 15 by the minimum necessary data amount, and is impaired in the coefficient RAMs 61 and 71 via the terminal 46.
- the CPU 15 specifies the start address and the H count value at the start of access. The two address components based on each of the V count values are specified to the coefficient access circuits 62 and 72, and the coefficient RAM 61 according to the type of movement / rotation conversion. , 71 access control.
- the coefficient RAM access circuit 62.72 is a hard disk that accesses the coefficient RAMs 61 and 71 and calls the coefficient k. That is, the coefficient RAMs 61 and 71 sequentially read out the coefficient k of each pixel in accordance with the access of the coefficient RAM circuits 80 and 81 and supply the coefficient k to the switching circuit 77b described later.
- the most significant bit (MSB) of the 16-bit coefficient stored in the coefficient RAM 61 is a display switching bit, and the 16-bit coefficient stored in the coefficient RAM 71 is used as the display switching bit.
- the most significant bit is unused. Fig. 15 shows this as an image.
- the switching means is means for selectively switching the conversion processing signal according to the coefficient k set for each pixel, and includes switching circuits 77a and 77b.
- the matrix operation circuits 66 and 76 are connected to the switching circuit 77a, and the coefficient RAMs 61 and 71 are connected to the switching circuit 77b.
- the Xp.Yp, Xs, and Ys powers output from the matrix operation circuits 66 and 76 are supplied to the switching circuit 77a.
- the most significant bit of the coefficient k read from the coefficient RAM 61 is supplied to the switching circuits 77a and 77b.
- the switching circuit 77a selects the output of the matrix operation circuit 66 when the value of the MSB, which is the display switching bit, is “1”, When "0", select the matrix operation circuit 76 output.
- the switching circuit 77b selects the coefficient RAM61 output when the value of the MSB is "1", and selects the coefficient RAM71 output when the value is " ⁇ ".
- the address generation means is connected to the switching means, and generates a read address corresponding to the image information subjected to the movement conversion processing and / or the rotation conversion processing based on the conversion processing signal, and is provided to the switching circuits 77a and 77b. It comprises a product-sum operation circuit 65 connected thereto, and a VRAM memory access circuit 78 connected to the product-sum operation circuit 65.
- the sum-of-products operation circuit 65 is composed of Xp,
- the VRAM access circuit 78 accesses the VRAMs 24a and 24b using the coordinates X.Y of the scroll screen as the pixel addresses of the background image.
- the lower 3 bits of each of the coordinates X and Y (when the size of the cell is 8 dots by 8 dots x 8 dots) are the pixel position address in the cell, and the address excluding the 6 bits is the address. Patanne-Moore Dress.
- the VRAM access circuit 78 reads the pattern name data from the VRAMs 24a and 24b, reads the pattern data that is a color code from the VRAMs 24a and 24b by using the pattern data address and the pixel position address in the pattern name data. Pixel data excluding the window in the format shown in Fig. 2 is formed from the color code and the priority code in the pattern name data, and output from the terminal 79.
- the horizontal counter 63 counts the dot pulse generated by the built-in oscillator to obtain the H count value and the horizontal synchronization pulse.
- the vertical counter 64 counts the horizontal synchronization pulse to obtain a V count value and a vertical synchronization pulse.
- the above H count value and V count value are calculated by the matrix operation circuits 66 and 67 and the coefficient RAM access circuit 6.
- the H count value is supplied to the product-sum operation circuit 65.
- the horizontal and vertical synchronization pulses are supplied from terminals 62 to the split engine 20.
- the components other than the horizontal counter 63, the vertical counter 64, and the VRAM access circuit 78 are configured as one integrated circuit block 41a. ing.
- the switching bit included in the coefficient k which is the display switching signal, is set to a predetermined value for each pixel in advance, and the outputs of the switching circuits 77a and 77b are switched according to the display switching signal to perform different movements.
- the address generation data subjected to the rotation conversion processing is selectively output to the product-sum operation circuit 65. Therefore, it is possible to generate image data that has undergone independent conversion processing. Therefore, the screen screen (monitor screen) can be arbitrarily divided according to the display switching signal, and independent image data can be supplied to each of the divided screens. As a result, the screen screen (monitor screen) can display an independent image for each divided screen.
- the use mode of the rotation parameters A and B can be selected from the following four modes. That is,
- Mode 0 Use rotation parameter A.
- Mode 1 Use rotation parameter B.
- Mode 2 Images are switched according to the coefficient table read from the coefficient table of rotation parameter A.
- Mode 3 Switch using the rotation parameter window.
- the image data obtained by the rotation parameter A and the image data obtained by the rotation parameter B are generated as image data of a background image that is displayed on one screen.
- the value of the most significant bit of the coefficient data read from the coefficient RAM61 is ⁇ (1)
- image data obtained by the rotation parameter A is generated
- the ⁇ of the most significant bit of the coefficient data is When it is “0”, image data obtained by the rotation parameter B is generated (see Fig. 16).
- the operation and effect of the image processing in mode 2 will be further described with reference to FIGS.
- the parameters and coefficients written to the parameter overnight register 60 and the coefficient RAM61 are for clockwise rotation, and the parameters and coefficients written to the parameter overnight register 70 and the coefficient RAM71 are for leftward rotation.
- the background image before the translation / transformation is a vertical rectangle ⁇ (Fig. 17).
- the image data of the same rectangle ⁇ is stored in the two VRAMs for ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, and the two scroll screen coordinates of P1 and P2 are changed according to the respective movement and rotation. It always calculates, reads the image data for P1 and P2 from the VRAM for each screen according to the obtained scroll screen coordinates, compares the priorities, and displays the composite image P1 + P2 ( Figure 18).
- the switching circuits 77a and 77b are switched according to the value of the coefficient k to calculate the scroll screen coordinates X and Y of the moving and rotating image P1 and the moving and rotating image P2. Since the coordinates X and Y of the portion of the image P2 below the image P1 are not calculated (omitted). For one? Only one of the two image data is read out. Therefore, only one VRAM24 is physically required. Also, ? With one? If the image information of the original image (background image) of 2 is the same, only one image information of the original image needs to be prepared in VRAM. As described above, according to the present embodiment, the operation time can be reduced and the required number of VRAMs or the VRAM storage area can be saved. FIG.
- the background image can be effectively divided into desired regions, and each region is different from each other. It is possible to perform a moving and rotating process. This region-divided display makes it possible to generate a variety of background images by effectively using the limited VRAM capacity (reduced storage space for the original image).
- two image data are switched by the internal / external control bits of the window control section 44 (see the MSB function). That is, when the window is used as a transparent processing window, the image data obtained by the rotation parameter B is generated in the portion where the screen screen is cut and made transparent, and the image data obtained in the other portions is obtained by the rotation parameter A. Image data to be generated (see Fig. 19).
- the window controller 44 of the split engine 20 generates a window having the shape of the split character, and switches between two image data inside and outside the window. Can also be generated.
- a split character with an arbitrary shape can be used as the window, as compared with a monotonous shape such as a rectangular window or a line window, so that the effect of the split display can be expected to be enhanced.
- a rectangular window or a line window can be used to easily perform the divided display inside and outside.
- the center point of the rotation conversion (Cx, Cy, Cz) and the viewpoint (PX, Py, P z), translation amount Mz, and rotation matrix parameters G, H, I do not change in one frame.
- the screen screen before conversion is a screen parallel to the XY plane (S z is constant)
- k becomes a function of S y (vertical coordinate value of the screen screen) when rotating the X axis, and It is constant in the horizontal direction.
- k is a function of S x (the horizontal coordinate value of the screen screen), and is constant in the vertical direction of the screen screen.
- K is always constant at Z $ A rotation.
- this k is calculated by the CPU 15 and the coefficient k for one screen is stored in the coefficient RAMs 61 and 71, and the matrix operation circuits 66 and 76 and the product-sum operation circuit are stored.
- Reference numeral 65 designates a CPU 151, which is a designated timing. The parameter harmed in the parameter registers 60 and 70 and the coefficient k written in the coefficient RAMs 61 and 71 are read out and hardened. Is calculated. Therefore, when compared with the conventional example in which a large Sekiwa ⁇ calculation circuit scale CPU had done, because the coordinate transformation calculation which has been treated with a CF 5 U 1 5 is significantly reduced, the overhead of the CPU 1 5 It can be greatly reduced. Therefore, restrictions on other processes executed by the CPU 15 are relaxed. Therefore, the processing that can be executed by the CPU 15 can be increased, and the degree of freedom in program design is improved.
- the coefficient MSB is used as the display switching signal when performing the screen screen rotation conversion processing, so that the coefficient k itself is not changed and the calculation is performed, but this coefficient is read out. Good to change only one. Thus, CPU 15 only needs to set parameters and coefficients required for the calculation.
- the value of the coefficient increases as the line on the screen increases, and the scroll screen is on the ground.
- an empty scroll screen which is different from the ground scroll screen, is displayed to give a sense of the horizon (right side of the drawing). If such an image display is further rotated on the screen (Fig. 21), the method of reading the coefficient data is not the same.
- the display area can be switched by the MSB of the coefficient data, so that even if the scroll screen rotates, it is not necessary to perform arithmetic processing on the display area.
- k is set to either the horizontal or vertical direction of the screen screen.
- CPU 15 has a small computational load, can process screen screen rotation at high speed, and can respond to game player operations in real time. Become.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the relationship between the scroll screen, the screen screen, and the viewpoint when such “X ⁇ rotation + screen W rotation” is performed.
- the CPU 15 can respond in real time to this operation when the player of the game operates to rotate the character on the screen.
- image processing for scaling in the horizontal or vertical direction is also possible by integrating the coefficient k into either X or Y in the above equation (4).
- the coefficient k is constant in the horizontal direction of the screen, so the CPU 15 calculates the coefficient k for the number of lines in the vertical direction of the screen.
- the CPU 15 can access the coefficient RAM 61 only when the V count value changes, so that the CPU 15 sets the address in synchronization with the H count value to 0 H (H indicates hexadecimal. ), And specify the address increment synchronized with the V count value as 2H (when the coefficient is 16 bits).
- the access to the coefficient RAM 61 of the CPU 15 is not always performed for each pixel, but can be changed according to the type of the movement / rotation conversion, and the CPU 15 sets the minimum necessary coefficient k to the coefficient RAM61. It only needs to be stored.
- the screen screen does not need to be flat, but can be a curved surface. Becomes possible. For example, as shown in FIG. 24, it is possible to perform image processing using a sphere formula as a parameter, or to perform distorted image processing.
- the rotation parameters used for calculating the display coordinates are stored in the coefficient RAM as a coefficient table separately from the rotation parameters A and B.
- This Various image representations can be performed by reading the coefficient table for each line or dot.
- the following four coefficient data modes are used to determine which parameter to use as data read from the coefficient table. That is,
- Mode 0 Used as scaling factors kX and ky.
- Mode 1 Used as scaling factor kX.
- Mode 2 Used as scaling factor ky.
- Mode 3 Used as the viewpoint coordinate ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ after rotation transformation.
- kX and ky read from the rotation parameter table are invalidated, and the data read from the coefficient table is used as kx and ky.
- mode f l When the mode f l is specified, only ky read from the rotation parameter table is used as is, and k X uses the data read from the coefficient table.
- mode 2 On the other hand, only kX read from the rotation parameter table is used as it is, and ky uses data read from the coefficient table.
- mode 3 the viewpoint coordinates X p in the X direction that have been rotationally transformed according to the data read from the rotation parameter table become invalid, and the data read from the coefficient table is used as X p.
- the most significant bit of coefficient k is normally used as a transparent bit, and dots using coefficient data with this bit set to 1 are forced to be transparent dots.
- the most significant bit of the data read from the coefficient table for the rotation parameter A is used for switching the rotation parameter. That is, when the value of the most significant bit is “1”, the image data specified by the rotation parameter A is generated, and when the value of the most significant bit is “0”, the image data specified by the rotation parameter B is generated. Generate data.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the shape and the number of components of each component can be appropriately selected.
- the present invention also includes the following embodiments.
- the display of the coefficient k output from the coefficient RAMs 61 and 71 is turned off.
- the switching control of the switching circuits 77a and 77b is performed using the switching bits, the switching circuits 77a and 77b are also switched by ffling the switching signal BG0SW output from the window control unit 44.
- the switching control of b may be performed.
- the coefficient k can be read from the coefficient RAM once per vertical line. Therefore, it is possible to prepare a register for holding the coefficient data read out for each line, and to share the coefficient RAMs 61 and 71 with one.
- the circuit shown in Fig. 25 further moves and rotates the background image (for example, P) to generate a new image (for example, P1 ) Is an example of a circuit used when generating the data.
- the background images BGO and BG1 are independently rotated by the circuit shown in Fig. 25, this can be realized by providing two systems of the parameter register 60, the coefficient RAM 61, and the product-sum operation circuit 65.
- the output section of the product-sum operation circuit of the circuit block (not shown) is connected to a VRAM access circuit prepared separately from the VRAM access circuit 78, and two VRAMs are connected to this VRAM access circuit, so that the VRAM access circuit outputs Configure to access two VRAMs. That is, in this case, the VRAM is four in total.
- the circuit configuration described above with reference to FIG. 14 is a circuit for one of the backgrounds BG0 and BG1. Therefore, a similar circuit configuration is required to generate the other background image.
- FIG. 26 shows an example of such a circuit.
- the output of the product-sum operation circuit 65 is switched in a time-sharing manner, and the data of the background image BG0 is sent to the VRAM access circuit 78a, and the data of the background image BG1 is sent to the VRAM access circuit 78b.
- VRAM access circuit 78b is VRAM78b To generate pixel data as in the case of the background image BG0 and output it from the terminal 80.
- the game machine of the present invention may be such as an arcade game machine, which has a display unit integrally.
- the image processing apparatus of the present invention it is also effective to convert the components excluding VRAM into IC and commercialize only this IC. According to such an embodiment, it is possible to widely supply various types of equipment equipped with an image processing device.
- the range of conversion into an IC can also be selected as appropriate, a display image generation block, the window, an embodiment in which the control block and the display control block are integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate and configured as a video processor IC,
- Another embodiment includes an embodiment in which a window detection block is added to the video processor IC of this embodiment.
- the image processing device of the present invention is suitable for a game machine, but is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that the image processing device can be widely applied to a personal computer and the like.
- the image processing apparatus of the present invention it is possible to generate image data of various divided screens including a window display while suppressing an increase in image memory capacity, which is extremely useful in practical use. Further, the image processing apparatus according to the present invention can prepare windows of various shapes, so that the display screen can be diversified. Further, according to the image processing apparatus of the present invention, various movement-rotation conversions and enlargement / reduction conversions can be performed while reducing the calculation load on the CPU.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computer Graphics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9405492-4A BR9405492A (pt) | 1993-06-30 | 1994-06-30 | Sistema de processamento de imagem e seu processo e sistema eletronico que possui um sistema de processamento de imagem. |
EP94919834A EP0657867A4 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1994-06-30 | IMAGE PROCESSING DEVICE AND METHOD AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE HAVING SAID DEVICE. |
KR1019950700747A KR0169541B1 (ko) | 1993-06-30 | 1994-06-30 | 화상 처리 장치 및 그 방법 그리고 화상 처리 장치를 갖는 전자 장치 |
US08/392,732 US5848201A (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1994-06-30 | Image processing system and its method and electronic system having an image processing system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP5/162978 | 1993-06-30 | ||
JP16297993 | 1993-06-30 | ||
JP5/162979 | 1993-06-30 | ||
JP16297893 | 1993-06-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995001630A1 true WO1995001630A1 (fr) | 1995-01-12 |
Family
ID=26488579
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1994/001068 WO1995001630A1 (fr) | 1993-06-30 | 1994-06-30 | Dispositif et procede de traitement d'images et dispositif electronique dote dudit dispositif |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5848201A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0657867A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR0169541B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1111464A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9405492A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW349206B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995001630A1 (ja) |
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- 1994-06-30 KR KR1019950700747A patent/KR0169541B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-30 BR BR9405492-4A patent/BR9405492A/pt unknown
- 1994-06-30 US US08/392,732 patent/US5848201A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN115760600A (zh) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-03-07 | 山东云海国创云计算装备产业创新中心有限公司 | 一种图像处理方法、装置及电子设备和存储介质 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR0169541B1 (ko) | 1999-03-20 |
CN1111464A (zh) | 1995-11-08 |
US5848201A (en) | 1998-12-08 |
KR950703189A (ko) | 1995-08-23 |
US5872872A (en) | 1999-02-16 |
BR9405492A (pt) | 1999-09-08 |
TW349206B (en) | 1999-01-01 |
EP0657867A1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
EP0657867A4 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
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